Q. Why can deaf people hear through an ear trumpet?
A. The ear trumpet restrains the spread of the voice, and limits the
diameter of the sound-waves; in consequence of which, their
strength is increased.
Q. Why are mountains so noiseless and quiet?
A. Because the air of mountains is very rarefied; and as the air
becomes rarefied, sound becomes less intense.
Q. How do you know that the rarety of air diminishes the intensity of
sound?
A. If a bell be rung in the receiver of an air-pump, the sound becomes
fainter and fainter as the air is exhausted, till at last it is quite
inaudible.
Q. What is the cause of echo?
A. Whenever a sound-wave strikes against any obstacle (such as a wall
or hill), it is reflected (or thrown back); and this reflected sound
is called an echo.
The same laws govern echo as light. (See p. 370.)
Q. What places are most famous for echoes?
A. Caverns, grottoes, and ruined abbeys; the areas of antique halls; the
windings of long passages; the aisles of cathedral churches; mountains,
and ice-bergs.
Q. Why are caverns, grottoes, and ruined abbeys famous for echoes?
A. 1st—Because the sound-waves cannot pass beyond the cavern or
grotto, and must flow back:
2ndly—The return waves (being entangled by the cavern) are detained
for a short time, and come deliberately to the ear.
Q. Why are antique halls, winding passages, and cathedral aisles famous
for echoes?
A. Because the sound-waves cannot flow freely forward, but strike
against the winding walls perpetually, and are beaten back.
Q. Why are mountains and ice-bergs famous for echoes?
A. Because they present a barrier to the sound-waves which they
cannot pass; and are sufficiently elastic to throw them back.
Q. Why do not the walls of a room or church produce echo?
A. Because sound travels with such velocity, that the echo is blended
with the original sound, and produce but one impression on the ear.
Sound travels 13 miles in a minute.
Q. Why do very large buildings (as cathedrals), often reverberate the
voice of the speaker?
A. Because the walls are so far off from the speaker, that the echo
does not get back in time to blend with the original sound; and,
therefore, each is heard separately.
Q. Why do some echoes repeat only one syllable?
A. The further the echoing body is distant, the more sound it will
reflect. If, therefore, the echoing body be near, it will repeat but
one syllable.
Q. Why does an echo sometimes repeat two or more syllables?
A. Because the echoing body is far off; and, therefore, there is time
for one reflection to pass away before another reaches the ear.
Q. Why do windows rattle when carts pass by a house?
A. 1st—Glass is sonorous; and the air communicates its vibrations to
the glass, which echoes the same sound: and
2ndly—The window-frame is shaken by the sound-waves impinging
against the window, and contributes to the noise.
CHAPTER XXIX.
MISCELLANEOUS.
Q. Why do the bubbles in a cup of tea range round the sides of the
cup?
A. Because the cup attracts them.
Q. Why do all the little bubbles tend towards the large ones?
A. Because the large bubbles (being the superior masses) attract them.
Q. Why do the bubbles of a cup of tea follow a tea-spoon?
A. Because the tea-spoon attracts them.
Q. Why are the sides of a pond covered with leaves, while the middle of
the pond is quite clear?
A. Because the shore attracts the leaves to itself.
Q. Why do all fruits, &c. (when severed from the tree) fall to the
earth?
A. Because the earth attracts them.
Q. Why do persons (who water plants) very
often pour the water into the saucer, and not over the plants?
A. Because the water in the saucer is supped up by the mould (through
the hole at the bottom of the flower-pot), and is transferred to the
stem and leaves of the plant by capillary attraction, (See p. 84).
Q. Why is vegetation on the margin of a river more luxuriant than in an
open field?
A. Because the porous earth on the bank sups up water to the roots of
the plants by capillary attraction.
Q. Why is a lump of sugar (left at the bottom of a cup) so long in
melting?
A. Because as it melts, it makes the tea above it heavier; and (so
long as it remains at the bottom) is surrounded by tea fully saturated
with sugar; in consequence of which, the same portions of liquid will
hold no more sugar in solution.
Q. Why does the lump of sugar melt more quickly when stirred about?
A. Because fresh portions of unsaturated tea keep coming in contact
with the lump, and soon dissolve it.
Q. Why does a piece of sugar (held in a spoon at the top of our tea)
melt very rapidly?
A. Because as the tea becomes sweetened, it descends to the bottom of
the cup by its own gravity; and fresh portions of unsweetened tea are
brought constantly into contact with the sugar, till the lump is
entirely dissolved.
Q. How can a sick room be kept free from unhealthy effluvia?
A. Vinegar boiled with myrrh, or camphor, sprinkled in a sick room, will
entirely correct putridity.
Q. Why does lime destroy the offensive smells of bins, sewers, &c.?
A. Because it combines with the carbonic acid of these places, and
converts it into carbonate of lime, which is entirely free from smell.
Q. Why does chloride of lime fumigate a sick room?
A. Because the chlorine absorbs the hydrogen of the stale air; and by
this means removes both the offensive smell and the infection of a
sick room.
Q. How can the taint of meat be removed?
A. Either by washing with pyroligneous acid,—covering it for a few
hours with common charcoal,—or by putting a few lumps of charcoal
into the water in which it is boiled.
Q. Why do these things destroy the taint of meat?
A. Because they combine with the putrescent particles, and
neutralize their offensive taste and smell.
Q. Why should bed-rooms, cottages, hospitals, and stables, be washed
occasionally with lime-white?
A. Because the lime is very caustic, and removes all organic matters
adhering to the walls.
Q. How can mouldiness be prevented?
A. The perfume of any essential oil will prevent mouldiness from ink,
paste, preserves, &c.
Alum, salt of amber, borax, nitre, salt, camphor, charcoal, and
pyroligneous acid, are all excellent antiseptics.
Salt, corrosive sublimates, copperas, and alum, all arrest the decay of
timber. (See p. 426.)
Q. Why will strong Souchong tea poison flies?
A. Because it produces prussic acid, which destroys their nervous
system.
Q. Why is strong green tea unwholesome?
A. Because it contains prussic acid, which destroys the nervous
system.
Q. Why is a dead man taller than a living man?
A. Because at death the cartilages are relaxed. So, also, after a
night’s rest, a man is taller than when he went to bed.
A. Sleep is the rest of the brain and nervous system.
Q. Why can we not see, when we are asleep with our eyes open?
A. Because the “RET´INA of the eye” is inactive and at rest.
Q. Why can we not hear in sleep?
A. Because the drum or “tympanum of the ear” is placid and at rest.
Q. Why can we not taste when we are asleep?
A. Because the nerves at the end of the tongue (called papillæ) are
inactive and at rest.
Q. Why can we not feel when we are asleep?
A. Because the ends of the nerves (called papillæ), situated in the
skin, are inactive and at rest.
Q. Why have persons in sleep no will of their own, but may be moved at
the will of any one?
A. Because the “cerebellum” (or posterior part of the brain) is
inactive and at rest.
Q. Why have dreamers no power of judgment or reason?
A. Because the “cerebrum” (or front of the brain) is inactive and at
rest.
Q. Why are dreams such foolish and inconsistent things?
A. Because the “pineal gland” is acting without the brain; and the
faculty of thinking exists in the “pineal gland,” but the faculty of
judgment in the “cerebrum of the brain.”
The cerebrum of the brain occupies the top and front of the skull. The
pineal gland is a small conical gland (about the size of a pea) in the
brain.
Q. Why do some persons lose all power of sensation?
A. Because the “cerebrum” (or front of their brain) has been
injured.
Q. Why are many persons idiots?
A. Because the “cerebellum of the brain” has been removed by some
accident, or injured by some disease.
The cerebellum is all the posterior part of the brain.
Q. Why does a person feel when he is touched?
A. The ends of certain nerves (called PAPILLÆ) situated in the skin
erect themselves when touched, and produce a nervous sensation called
feeling.
Q. Why are persons able to taste different flavours?
A. Because the “PAPILLÆ” of the tongue and palate erect themselves
when food touches them, and produce a nervous sensation called taste.
Q. Why do very old people lose the power of volition, sensation, and
thought?
A. Because their brain ossifies; and as the “cerebrum” (or front
of the brain) goes, they lose the power of sensation and reason; and
as the “cerebellum” (or posterior part of the brain) goes, they lose
the power of volition.
Q. Why are old people unable to walk?
A. Because their muscles become rigid.
GLOSSARY.
Acetic Acid, commonly called Distilled Vinegar.
Citric commonly called Juice of Lemons.
Nitric commonly called Aqua Fortis.
Oxalic commonly called Salt of Lemons.
Sulphuric commonly called Oil of Vitriol.
Sulphate of Lime called Plaster of Paris.
Sulphate of Magnesia called Epsom Salts.
Sulphate of Soda called Glauber Salts.
Sulphate ofZinc called White Vitriol.
Nitrate of Silver called Lunar Caustic.
Acetate of Copper called Verdigris.
Muriate of Soda called Table Salt.
Tartrate of Potash called Tartar Emetic.
Carbonate of Ammonia called Smelling Salts.
Carbonate of Lime called Chalk, Marble, &c.
Super-acetate of Lead called Sugar of Lead.
Oxide of Lead called Goulard.
Sublimates are chemical preparations, the basis of
which is quicksilver. In corrosive sublimates, the
quicksilver is extinguished, either by vitriol, potter’s clay, or
some other ingredient.
Sublimation is a similar process to distillation; only
solids (such as metals) are employed, instead of liquids.
Thus the fine blue used by painters is a sublimate, and
made thus:—Take 2 parts of quicksilver, 3 flower of
brimstone, 8 sal ammoniac; and (having ground them)
put them with the quicksilver into a glass retort, luted at
the bottom; place the retort in a sand-heat; and (when the
moisture is given off) you will have a splendid blue
sublimate for painting.
INDEX.
- Absorbers, best, 192
- not conductors, 185
- not reflectors, 192
- radiators, 197
- Absorption of heat, 184
- not conduction, 184
- of light, 364
- Accidental colors, 407, 408
- Acetate of lead, 426
- Acetic acid, 426
- Acid of drinks, 269
- of fermentation, 269
- Activity affected by cold, 91
- Activity affected by heat, 93
- Aerated water, 267
- Aeronauts feel pain, 254
- Age affects the sensation, thought, judgment, 425
- power of walking, 425
- Air, 240
- always in motion, 293
- bad conductor, 13, 177, 178
- bad radiator, 219, 237
- cold, 177
- colder than blood, 181
- composed of two gases, 27, 240
- cooled by convection, 220
- cooled by rain, 159
- cools hot iron, 246
- density diminished by rain, 337
- descends when cold, 289
- double current in a room, 290
- dries linen, 160
- elements of, 33
- expanded by heat, 103
- full of smells, 152
- gets fire up, 50
- healthful, 252
- heated, 219, 245, 246, 289
- heated not by sun, 290
- in a room, 252
- inflammable, see hydrogen
- in summer, 313
- of cities unhealthy, 243, 253
- of the country healthy, 243, 252
- on land colder than on water, 224
- on land cold at night, 230
- preserved normal, 244
- purified by lightning, 27
- rusts iron, 257
- still before a tempest, 146
- strong, 108
- varies in temperature, 335
- Aisles famous for echoes, 417
- Alcohol, 109, 270, 271
- Ale, 109
- bottled, 268
- froth of, 109
- froth increased by heat, 268
- Alkali, 45
- Anenometer, 314
- Anglers hate a magpie, 153
- Angle of incidence, 370
- of reflection, 370
- Animal heat, 83, 85, 243, 277
- Animals and vegetables co-dependent, 244
- Ants love honey-dew, 221
- Appetite, 89, 90, 91
- (See hunger.)
- Apples full of air, 105
- roasted, 105
- soft, 106
- April showers, 307
- Aqua fortis, 426
- Argand lamps, 83
- Arnott’s stoves smell of sulphur, 56
- smoke, 69
- Ascent in balloons painful, 145
- Ashes soften water, 345
- Asses bray in wet weather, 148
- Aurora borealis, 142, 285
- coloured, 143
- white, 142
- a prognostic, 143
- Avenues, 380
- Azote, see nitrogen
- Bales catch fire spontaneously, 57
- Balloons, 146
- inflated, 109
- rise, 110
- Balls of fire, 6
- Banisters wet, 216
- Barley malted, 270
- Barometer, 317
- affected by cold, 328
- affected frost, 329
- affected heat, 328
- affected thaw, 329
- affected wind, 327
- rules for its rise and fall, 330
- sudden change in, 330
- use of, 319
- varies most in winter, 327
- varies least in summer, 327
- when highest, 328
- when lowest, 328
- Barren land collects no dew, 209
- Bass notes in music, 412
- Bass preserves flowers from frost, 206
- Bathing, danger of, 387
- with ether for inflammation, 157
- Beakers broken by hot water, 126
- Beasts covered with hair, 176
- Beds damp, 157
- Beer, fermentation of, 269
- flat, 273
- froth increased by bottling, 268
- froth increased by heat, 268
- raisins and raw meat improve it, 273
- stale, 275
- soured by lightning, 27
- not old beer, 27
- spoiled, if the vent-peg be left out, 273
- yeast added to make it work, 271
- Beer-vats dangerous, 265
- Bells heard at a distance, 412
- cracked, sound harsh, 411
- silenced by a touch, 411
- Bell-metal, 410
- Bellows, 51
- Bins purified, 266
- Birds covered with feathers, 176
- Black, 402
- cloth warm, 186
- eyes, 191
- glass for spectacles, 408
- hat turns red at the sea-side, 344
- Hole of Calcutta, 250
- kid gloves, 188
- lead, 258
- lead prevents rust, 258
- mist, 144
- skin, 190
- tea-pot, 197
- tea-pot used by cotters, 198
- tea-pot set on a hob to draw, 198
- will never blister, 190
- Blacks, 60
- none to railway engines, 60
- Blacksmiths strike fire by nails, 96
- Bladders inflated by heat, 103
- Blaze, blue, 46
- green, 45
- yellow, 46
- between the bars of a grate, 45
- Blazing coals burn quickly, 39
- Blood red, 242
- purple, 242
- Blowers, 70
- Blowing cools broth, 180, 247, 312
- tea, 248
- Blue, 401
- glasses, 407
- sky, 132
- sublimate, 426
- Body warm, 87
- Boiling, 234
- water bubbles, 114, 283
- makes it flat, 275
- is in a ferment, 232
- rattles, 116
- runs over, 115, 233
- swells, 114
- one pot will not boil in another, 118
- retarded by a spoon, 117
- retarded by salt, sugar, 118
- Bottled ale, &c., 268
- Brackish water unfit for railway engines, 263
- Bread heavy, 276
- made with yeast, 276
- Breath exhaled, 244
- visible in winter, 217
- Breathing difficult on a mountain, 255
- previous to a storm, 255
- Breeze at watering places, 310
- evening, 309
- morning, 308
- of islands, 309
- speed of, 313
- (See wind.)
- Bricks for cold feet, 173
- Brick stoves, 174
- Bricklayers cannot work in a frost, 359
- cover new work with straw, 359
- Brilliancy, 364
- Brine retards boiling, 119
- tested, 361
- Broth cooled by breath, 247, 312
- by convection, 247
- by stirring, 247
- Bubbles in tea, 419
- of boiling water, 114
- Bulk for bulk, 110
- Burns cured, 157
- Burning glasses, 2
- Caloric, 1
- Cambric handkerchiefs cool, 184
- Cambridge, rain of, 340
- Candles, 74
- burn, 74
- burn blue, 148
- cotton, not easily blown out, 79
- easily blown out, 51, 78
- and rekindled, 51, 55
- extinguished, 79
- flame hot, 75
- flame hollow, 76
- flame pointed, 77
- flame purple below, 76
- flame tends upwards, 77
- flame yellow, 76
- gas of, 281
- held at a door, 290
- hottest above the flame, 79
- give light, 76
- make glass damp, 78
- need snuffing, 81
- Palmer’s, 80
- prevent our seeing abroad, 378
- reflected in a window, 379
- rush, easily go out, 79
- smoke, 81
- spirt, 155
- suddenly introduced give pain, 365
- wax, need no snuffing, 81
- Candlestick rags catch fire spontaneously, 58
- Capillary veins, 84
- Captain Ross, 414
- Carbon, 33, 74
- Carbonate of lime, 426
- of soda, 426
- Carbonic acid gas, 37, 108, 249, 264
- deleterious, 250, 264
- in human bodies, 84
- its presence detected, 264
- Carburetted hydrogen gas, 279, 280
- Carpets warm, 169
- Carriage wheels catch fire, 99
- Carriage windows misty, 213
- Casks charred, 73
- Cart grease, 100
- Cathedral aisles famous for echoes, 417
- Cats in wet weather, 147
- prowl by night, 367
- rub their ears, 150
- see in the dark, 367
- wink before a fire, 367
- Cattle uneasy in wet weather, 148
- Caverns famed for echoes, 416
- Ceilings sooty, 71
- Cellars cold in summer, 256
- warm in winter, 256
- Cerebellum, 424
- Cerebrum, 424
- Chalk, 426
- Charcoal, 72
- bad conductor, 166
- fire, 72
- fire deleterious, 265
- purifies water, 72
- removes the taint of meat, 72
- Charring bread, 73
- casks, 73
- wood, 73
- Chemical action, 30
- Chestnuts crack when roasted, 104
- not if slit, 105
- Chimney pots, 71
- Chimneys smoke, if a room be too close, 61
- remedy, 62
- in vestries, valleys, 66
- remedy, 67
- in wind, 66, 111
- if too long, 62, 116
- if too short, 62
- if too large, 69
- remedy, 70
- when the draught is slack, 63, 69
- when the door is on the same side, 68
- remedy, 68
- when it needs repairing, 68
- sweeping, 68
- when two fires are in one room, 65
- remedy, 65
- China broken by hot water, 125
- Choke damp, 264, 279
- Church bells heard at a distance, 151
- Churchyards smell offensively, 283
- Chyle, 242
- Cider, 269
- Cinders, 43
- iron, 43
- will not blaze, 48
- Cirro-cumulus clouds, 136
- Cirro-stratus clouds, 134
- Cirrus clouds, 134
- Citizens pale, 243
- Citric acid, 426
- City air unhealthy, 253
- Clean kettles, 186
- Cleanliness connected with the dietary, 93
- Clear day overcast, 304
- Clear nights exhilarating, 144
- Clocks heard, at a distance, 151, 413
- Close rooms unhealthy, 253
- Cloth collects but little dew, 208
- Clothes gather damp in summer, 211
- wet, 157
- Clothing for workmen, 164
- promotes warmth, 176
- Clouds, 127
- cause of, 129
- classes of, 134
- colour of, 132
- compound, 136
- compound simple, 134
- differ from fog, 128, 227
- dissipated, 304
- distance from the earth, 129
- edges most luminous, 399
- electrical, 131
- fall in rainy weather, 337
- float, 128
- height of, 4, 120
- highest and lowest, 130
- intermediate, 135
- light, 120
- motion of, 133
- red, 132, 399
- round mountain tops, 137
- thickness of, 130
- thickness how ascertained, 130
- vary in shape, 129, 130
- vary in colour, 133
- where most abundant, 129
- where least, 129
- use of, 137
- velocity of, 314
- wind affects them, 129, 131
- Coal gas, 280
- mines explode, 281
- Coals black, 403
- Cold weather affects the barometer, 328
- makes us love fat, 90
- makes activity, 91
- out of doors, 312
- promotes hunger, 91
- Collapsing, 289
- Colour of clouds, 132, 133
- Colours vary, 400
- some warm, some cold, 187
- Combining not mixing, 25
- Combustion, see fire, 33, 85
- cause of, 36
- elements of, 36
- heat of, 37
- increased by wind, 58
- in the veins, 84
- Communication of heat, 164
- Compound clouds, 136
- Compression, 102
- Condensation, 98, 102
- Condensed air, 289
- Conduction, 164
- not absorption, 184
- Conductors, best, 165
- worst, 166
- not absorbers, 185
- of lightning, 22
- dangerous, 24
- Convection, 219, 231
- Convective currents, 245
- cool broth, 247
- cool iron, 247
- Cooking vessels with wooden handles, 166
- Cooper applies hot hoops, 122
- Copper sonorous, 410
- tarnishes, 259
- Copper-hole, 60
- roars, 60
- roars not when the door is open, 60
- Cornea, 388
- Corns ache in wet weather, 256
- Corpse cold, 95
- Corrosive sublimates, 426
- Cotton bales catch fire spontaneously, 57
- handkerchiefs hot, 184
- Countrymen ruddy, 243
- Cowls, 67, 111
- Crowds produce drowsiness, 251
- head-ache, 249
- vitiate air, 249
- unhealthy, 250
- Culinary vessels have wooden handles, 166
- should be sooty, 71, 201
- Cultivation promotes dew, 210
- warmth, 160
- Cumulo-stratus clouds, 136, 137
- Cumulus clouds, 134, 135
- Cup in a pie, 120
- why full of juice, 124
- Damp banisters, 217
- beds, 158
- house, 217
- Danger in a storm, 12
- in attics and cellars, 16
- a crowd, 18
- theatre, &c., 19
- before a fire, 15
- near a tree, 12
- river, 14
- flocks and herds are exposed to, 19
- those who bar shutters, 18
- lean against a wall, 17
- or carriage, 20
- who ring bells, 15, 17
- run, 15
- Dark colours warm, 186
- radiate heat, 197
- Davy, Sir H., 281
- Day-light produces hunger, 88
- Dead bodies cold, 95
- taller than living, 423
- Deal snaps in fire, 107
- Decanting liquor, 274
- spirting, 274
- Depression of spirits, 145
- Descent in a diving bell painful, 146
- Deserts hot and dazzling, 405
- Dew deleterious, 220
- differs from rain, 226
- distilled after a hot day, 219
- especially if the wind is westerly, 218
- unequally, 207
- in open places, 204
- in valleys and hollows, 207
- on clothes, 211
- cultivated lands, 210
- grass, 209
- leaves, &c., 208
- none beneath a tree, 204, 205
- a flower awning, 205
- hedge or wall, 205
- none in a cloudy night, 204
- in a windy night, 207
- especially if easterly, 218
- none on stones, cloth, 208
- deserts, gravel, metal, rocks, wool, 209
- Dew-drops round, 223
- flattened, 223
- roll on cabbages, 223
- roses, 224
- Digging promotes warmth, 161
- Digestion, 91
- Dinner covers, 202
- Dirt warm, 93
- Distant bells heard, 413
- clocks, 151
- objects appear small, 381, 382
- sight, 390
- spectacles for, 391
- Distance makes things invisible, 384
- Distilled vinegar, 426
- Divers suffer pain, 255
- Diving bell, 146
- Doors swell and shrink, 151
- Dogs uneasy in wet weather, 147
- Dough, 274
- set before a fire to rise, 276
- Double concave glasses, 389
- convex glasses, 391
- Draining lands promote warmth, 160
- Draught at a door, 314
- key-hole, 314
- window, 315
- slack, 63, 64, 69
- Dreams, 424
- foolish things, 424
- Drops of rain roll on dust, 155
- Drowned men restored, 101
- Drums, 411
- Dry wood for kindling, 44
- burns best, 107
- snaps about, 107
- Dryest months, 328
- Dublin, rain of, 340
- Duck dry in water, 224
- Dunghills hot, 277
- Dusty shoes hot, 194
- Dyeing changes a colour, 401
- Ear-trumpets, 415
- Earth, bad conductor, 181
- cool in summer, 182
- cracks by frost, 357
- crumbles in spring, 358
- warm in whiter, 131
- Earth-fog, 221
- Earthen tea-pots, 197, 198
- set on a hob to draw, 198
- East wind cold, 302
- dry, 303
- prevents dew, 218
- Eat more in cold, 90
- less in warm weather, 91
- Echo, 416
- Echoes, two or more, 418
- Effervescence, 269
- soon subsides, 275
- Egg cracked when boiled, 239
- tested, 178, 239
- Electricity affects the clouds, 131, 133
- excited by friction, 29
- felt at the elbow joints, 27, 29
- hot, 3
- of clouds, 4
- positive & negative, 16
- England grows warmer and warmer, 160
- winds of, 300
- east dry, 302
- morning at watering places, 310
- most prevalent, 300
- north cold, 312
- north-east dry, 305
- south rainy, 303
- warm, 303
- south-west rainy, 304
- west rainy, 304
- when highest, 301
- lowest, 301
- See March wind.
- Epsom salts, 426
- Esquimaux love blubber, 92
- Equatorial current, 298
- Ether, 47
- boils, 119
- used for freezing, 360
- used for inflammation, scalds, burns, 157
- European skin white, 191
- Evaporation, 156
- freezes, 360
- Evening clouds, 132
- grey, 140
- red, 138, 399
- Evening rainbow, 141
- Evergreens frost-bitten, 230
- Ewers broken by frost, 349
- Expansion by heat, 103
- Extinguishers, 79
- made of paper, 79
- Eyes, two, 368
- see single, 369
- affected by blue glasses, 407
- fire-light, 407
- the sun, 407
- Face soon scorched, 196
- Fanning, 179, 313
- Far sight, 390
- spectacles for, 391
- Farriers apply hot shoes, 123
- Fat men swim best, 362
- Feathers warm, 176
- Feeling, 425
- Feet cold before a fire, 53
- wet dangerous, 157
- Fermentation, 269
- of dough, 276
- Fender and fire-irons cold, 185
- Fiddle-strings musical, 411
- snap from wet, 339
- Fine weather braces, 147
- Finger feels cold when wet, 157
- Fire black and red, 38, 40
- blazes, 39
- not in frost, 48
- burns blue, 148
- cause of, 36
- charcoal, 72
- damp, 280
- effect upon the eyes, 407
- extinguished, 54
- by water, 107
- fiercest in winter, 49
- out of doors, 50
- grotesque figures in, 40
- heat of, 280
- how increased, 63
- hot, 37
- kindled at the bottom, 42
- light dazzles, 366
- lighted with paper and wood, 41
- luminous, 46
- poker draws up, 52
- radiates heat, 196
- red hot, 38
- reflected on windows, 379
- sun dulls it, 49
- thaw dulls it, 50
- wind intenses it, 51
- See combustion.
- Fire-irons cold, 185
- rust, 257
- prevented, 258
- Fishes ascend and dive, 363
- seem nearer than they are, 388
- cold, 94
- Flame of a candle, 76
- described, 77
- blown out easily, 78
- damp, 78
- hollow, 76
- hottest above, 79
- pointed, 77
- purple and yellow, 76
- smokes, 81
- Flame of a fire between the bars of a grate blue, 46
- green, 45
- yellow, 46, 47
- Flannel warm, 94
- used for foot-warmers, 173
- Flash, see lightning
- Flat beer, 273
- improved, 273
- Flavour discerned by the taste, 425
- Flint and steel, 97
- Flowing water freezes slowly, 354
- makes rough ice, 354
- oscillates, 348
- pure, 347
- Flower awnings arrest dew, 205
- purify air, 253
- Flowers smell sweetest at night and before rain, 152
- Flues blacked, 238
- See chimney.
- Flutes, 412
- Fly-poison, 422
- Fogs, 225, 226
- arrest sound, 413, 414
- cause of, 129
- differs from cloud, 128, 227
- mist, 227
- dispersed by wind, 228
- by sun, 227
- frozen, 231
- in autumn, 228
- in marshes, 226
- valleys, 228
- none in a frosty night, 227
- Food converted to blood, 242
- cooled by the breath, 312
- Foot-prints frozen, 350
- Foot-warmers, 173
- Forked lightning, 5
- dangerous, 5
- Forests catch fire spontaneously, 102
- France warmer than of yore, 162
- Freezing mixtures, 360
- Friction (see rubbing), 98
- excites electricity, 29
- sets forests on fire, 102
- Frogs cold, 94
- Frost affects barometer, 329
- sound, 414
- braces, 147
- breaks ewers, 349
- tiles, stones, rocks, 350
- pipes, 351
- cracks earth, 357
- expands water, 352
- prevents fog, 227
- warm, 356
- Froth of beer, 269, 350
- Frozen ruts and footprints, 350
- Fruits cool the blood, 92
- fall to the earth, 419
- pleasant in summer, 92
- Fuel for the body, 87
- Fumigation for sick rooms, 421
- Fur, bad conductor, 166
- for clothing, 175
- warm, 171
- Furnaces of brick, 174
- lined with clay, 174
- Furr of kettles, 262
- steam engines dangerous, 263
- Gallery hot, 249, 316
- Gas, 112
- of candles, 281
- Gauze wire of safety lamps, 282
- prevents explosion, 282
- German silver tarnishes, 260
- German tinder, 102
- Germany warmer than of yore, 162
- Ghosts, 286
- Gideon’s miracle, 211
- Ginger pop, 268
- acid, 269
- Glasses broken by hot water, 125
- covered with mist, 214
- which soon subsides, 215
- dulled by a hot hand, 215
- by breath, &c., 215
- See spectacles.
- Glass a reflector, 194
- soon cools, 212
- See looking-glass.
- Glauber salts, 426
- Gloves, black kid, 188
- Lisle thread, 188
- Glow-worms glisten by night, 368
- God’s wisdom 182, 208, 210, 302, 308, 352, 357
- Gold never tarnishes, 260
- Goulard, 426
- Grapes never ferment, 272
- Grass promotes warmth, 161
- collects dew, 209
- Grate, see stove
- Gravel collects no dew, 209
- Gravity, 419
- Gray morning, sign of a fine day, 140
- Grease liked in cold weather, 90
- loathed in hot, 92
- prevents rust, 258
- used for wheels, 100
- Green colour, 401
- wood does not burn, 107
- Grottoes famous for echoes, 416
- Ground frost, 229
- Growth promoted by moonlight, 220
- Gulls fly to sea, 154
- to land, 154
- Gusty weather makes a smoky house, 71
- Hail, 331, 334
- cause of, 335
- accompanied with thunder, 335
- falls in summer, 335
- Hair, bad conductor, 166
- covered with dew, 217
- Halls famous for echoes, 417
- Halo round the moon, 143
- Hard work promotes hunger, 88
- Hat covered with dew, 217
- turned red at the seaside, 344
- Hawks see near and far, 392
- Hay-stacks catch fire spontaneously, 58
- Haze round the sun, 143
- moon, 143
- affects sound, 414
- Head aches in a crowd, 249
- itches in wet weather, 150
- Hearth-rug warm, 169
- Hearth-stone cold, 169
- hot, 170
- Heat, 1
- and light, 47
- affects barometer, 328
- sound, 414
- animal, 83, 85, 277
- applied to the bottom of boilers, 234
- effects of, 2, 4, 103
- expands water, 352
- from beaten iron, 95
- latent, 31, 75, 96
- of candles, 75
- dunghills, 277
- fire, 37, 277
- lime, 278
- radiates, 196
- sources of, 2
- Heavy bread, 160
- Hills larger in a fog, 148
- Hoar frost, 228
- not found on trees, 230
- under shrubs, &c., 230
- of frozen fog, 231
- on clear nights only, 229
- on grass, 229
- tombstones, 189, 230
- very partial, 229
- Honey-dew, 220
- ants fond of, 221
- effects of, 221
- injures plants, 221
- Hot cloudy night oppressive, 144
- Hot weather abates activity, 93
- appetite, 90
- love for grease, 92
- Hottest place at church, 316
- Hoops used red hot, 122, 123
- Horse shoes fitted hot, 123
- Horses strike fire, 98
- snuff up air, 152
- uneasy in dull weather, 148
- Houses catch fire spontaneously, 56
- smoke in valleys, 66
- Hunger, 88
- promoted by cold, 90
- day-light, 88
- singing, speaking, work, 88
- See appetite.
- Hydrogen gas, 34, 74
- Ice, 349
- lighter than water, 349
- grows thicker, 353
- dissolved by snow, 357
- melted by sun, 126
- Ice-bergs famous for echoes, 417
- Idiots, 424
- Ignis fatuus, 285
- cause of, 286
- Impure water purified, 72
- Indian mode of striking fire, 99
- Inflammable air, 34, 74
- Insensible perspiration, 213
- Intermediate clouds, 135
- Iron, bad conductor, 185
- cinders, 43
- contains latent heat, 96
- cooled by air, 246
- convection, 246
- radiation, 246
- matches, 96
- rust, 257
- when most common, 258
- prevented, 258
- sonorous, 410
- stoves, 174
- Ironing-box, 155
- Islands equable in temperature, 311
- subject to wind, 309, 311
- Itching in wet weather, 150
- Jack o’lanthorn, see ignis fatuus
- Jet of flame through bars, 45
- Juice of lemons, 426
- Jungle of Hindostan fatal, 266
- Kendal rainy, 340
- Keswick rainy, 340
- Kettle boils over, 115
- quickly when covered with soot, 186
- slowly when clean, 186
- when new, 186
- bottom should be sooty, 200
- cold when water boils, 200
- inside white, 200
- lid hot, 201
- furr, 262
- holder, 167
- not full after boiling, 115
- runs over, 233
- through the spout, 115
- sings, 113, 233
- top bright, 200
- Kindling wet, 43
- Lakes which never freeze, 355
- Lamps, 74
- Argand, 83
- smoke, 82, 83
- spirit, 155
- See candle.
- Lamp-glasses, 83
- Land air cold, 224, 311
- breeze unhealthy, 309
- Laplanders clad in skin, 183
- Latent heat, 31, 75, 96
- Laziness promoted by want of food, 89
- by heat, 93
- Lead tarnished, 259
- Leaves collect dew unequally, 208
- green, 404
- light green in spring, 404
- in a pond, 419
- pale in dark places, 403
- promote cold, 161
- yellow in autumn, 408
- Lid of kettles, &c. hot, 201
- Light bread, 276
- Light, 363
- composed of various colours, 400
- divided by a prism, 393
- from a flint, 97
- of candles, 76
- fire, 46
- sun, 363
- reflected, 364
- speed of, 364
- sudden painful, 365
- Lightning, 3
- balls, 6
- barks and snaps trees, 27
- comes from clouds, 16
- from earth, 16
- conductors, 22
- dangerous, 24
- follows dry weather, not wet, 28
- forked, 5
- fuses metal, 27
- kills animals, 7
- knocks down churches, 24
- maims, 8
- passes down the outside of a tree, 14
- passes through the inside of animals, 14
- purifies air, 27
- rare in winter, 28
- sheet, 6
- summer, 11
- common, 28
- straight, 6
- turns beer sour, 27
- not old beer, 27
- milk sour, 25
- See danger, safety.
- Lilac steel rusts, 259
- prevented, 259
- Lime and water, 26, 30
- burned, 278
- hot, 277
- purifies bins, 266, 421
- sewers, 267, 421
- Lime-wash for rooms, 422
- Lincoln, rain of, 340
- Linen cool wear, 183
- dried, 160, 316
- Linseed oil boils, 119
- Liquefaction, 126
- Liquids, 112
- bad conductors, 172, 232
- cooled, 235
- Lisle thread gloves, 188
- Liverpool, rain of, 340
- London fog, 225
- rain of, 340
- Long flues, 110
- grass promotes cold, 161
- Log of wood, 2
- two burn better than one, 44, 52
- Looking-glass, 369
- Lucifer matches, 284
- Lunar caustic, 426
- Mackarel scales, &c., 136
- Macintosh prevents cold, 158
- Madness from starvation, 86
- Malt, 270, 272
- Man a swimmer, 362
- no bigger than a crow, 382
- Manchester, rain of, 340
- Magpies indicate weather, 153
- Marble, 426
- March comes in like a lion, 306
- goes out like a lamb, 306
- dry good, wet bad, 306
- flowers undesirable, 307
- wind dry, 305
- Marsh damp, 280
- Marsupium, 392
- Meat-covers, 202
- Meat liked in cold weather, 90
- loathed in hot, 92
- taint removed, 422
- tainted by moonlight, 220
- Mechanical action, 95
- Mercury of barometer bright, 260
- concave, 325
- convex, 325
- its rise and fall, 325
- Metal collects no dew, 209
- feels colder than wood, 168
- hotter than wood, 167
- fused by fire, 127
- by lightning, 27
- good conductor, 165
- handles burn, 166
- reflectors, 193
- tea-pots, 197
- Milk soured by lightning, 25
- Miners’ danger, 283
- prevented, 265
- Mirror, 369
- Mist arrests sound, 414
- black, 144
- cause of, 224
- differs from cloud, 128
- dew, 222
- fog, 227
- seems to rise, 222
- vanishes at sunrise, 227
- white, 144
- Mixing not combining, 25
- Money hot in a pocket, 168
- Monsoon, 300
- Months, driest, 328
- wettest, 329
- Moon, distance and size, 383
- largest at horizon, 149, 378
- reflected in water, 376
- in a well, 374
- seems flat, 383
- larger than stars, 383
- Moonlight makes plants grow, 220
- taints meat, 220
- Morning breeze, 308
- gray, 140
- rainbow, 141
- red, 139, 399
- streaks, 132
- Mortar, 278
- adhesive, 279
- crumbles, 358
- Motes in a sun-beam, 248
- Mould hardened by sun, 163
- Mouldiness prevented, 422
- Mountains cold, 100, 195
- collect rain, 338
- famous for echoes, 417
- impede respiration, 255
- noiseless, 416
- Muriate of soda, 426
- Musical instruments, 411
- flat, 412
- Nails for matches, 96
- Naves fitted on hot, 122
- Near-sight, 388, 391
- spectacles for, 389
- Negative electricity, 66
- Negroes, why black, 190
- with black eyes, 190
- New kettles boil slowly, 186
- Night allays hunger, 88
- exhilarating, 144
- oppressive, 144
- produces cold, 89
- rainbow at, 141
- Nimbus clouds, 137
- Nitrate of silver, 426
- Nitric acid, 28, 426
- Nitrogen, 36
- North wind cold, 302
- dry, 303
- North-east wind dry, 305, 320
- November rainy, 308, 338
- Oak attracts lightning, 257
- Old people far-sighted, 390
- hold objects at a distance, 392
- lose their sensation, thought, volition, 425
- lose their power of walking, 425
- spectacles for, 391
- Oil, 74
- linseed, 119
- of turpentine, 119
- of vitriol, 426
- One pot will not boil in another, 118
- how to make it boil, 118
- Oxalic acid, 426
- copper, 259
- iron, 257
- Oxide of lead, 259, 426
- platinum, 261
- potassium, 262
- silver, 260
- sodium, 262
- Oxygen, 34
- of air, 97
- its use, 240
- supports combustion, 240
- sustains life, 240
- Out-of-door work produces hunger, 89
- Owls prowl at night, 367
- see in the dark, 367
- sleep all day, 367
- Paleness, 243
- Palmer’s candles, 80
- Paper burns, 41
- not always, 44, 53
- extinguishers, 79
- puckers from wet, 339
- used for kindling, 41
- Papillæ, 425
- Paris, plaster of, 426
- rain of, 340
- Parlours smell of smoke in summer, 71
- Partition walls to arrest sound, 415
- Pea-soup fog, 225
- Percussion, 95
- Perspiration, 89
- Petals, 402
- Petrels, 154
- Phosphate of lime, 284
- Phosphorus, 283, 284
- Phosphuretted hydrogen gas, 283
- Piano-forte, 412
- Pickle tested, 361
- Pie with a cup, 120
- full of juice, 121
- Pin puts a candle out, 81
- Pineal gland, 424
- Pipes broken by frost, 351
- Piston, 102
- Plants collect dew, 208
- deleterious in bedrooms, 405
- grow out of walls, 316
- Plaster of Paris, 426
- of stoves falls away, 124
- Plasterers cannot work in frost, 359
- Platinum, 261
- its use, 261
- never tarnishes, 261
- Plate warmer, 188, 193
- Ploughing, promotes warmth, 161
- Plumbago, 258
- prevents rust, 258
- Poison for flies, 422
- Poker draws up fire, 52
- cold, 172, 238
- how to carry it when hot, 237, 238
- rusts, 258
- prevented, 258
- Polar current, 298
- Poor averse to cleanliness, 93
- ventilation, 94
- lazy, 89
- Pores of wood, 106
- Porter, froth of, 109
- set before a fire, 109
- stale, 275
- Positive electricity, 16
- Potatoes, green, 405
- yellow, 404
- Potassium, 262
- burns in water, 262
- Primrose, 402
- Prisms divide light, 393
- Pump handle cold, 168
- water hard, 363
- Purple steel rusts, 259
- its rust prevented, 259
- Putrefaction, 277, 278
- Putrefying bodies smell, 284, 285
- Quadrupeds swim, 362
- Radiation, 195
- cools iron, 247
- Radiators are absorbers, 197
- Rags catch fire spontaneously, 58
- Railway steamers, 218
- Rain, 331, 336
- affected by wind, 337
- after lightning, 11
- arrests sound, 413
- cause of, 326, 336
- cools air, 159
- differs from dew, 226
- falls in drops, 336
- fertilizing, 307, 337
- from passing clouds, 336
- heaviest in summer, 341
- least at the poles, 342
- melts salt, 346
- sugar, 345
- most in mountainous places, 338
- most in winter, 341
- near the equator, 341
- not salt, 347
- on dust, 223
- prognostics of, 137
- purifies air, 338
- sudden change, 326
- Rainbow, 394, 397
- colours reversed, 396
- morning, 141
- night, 141
- two, 395
- Rain drops, 336
- vary in size, 337
- Rain-water smells offensively, 345
- soft, 344
- stagnant, 347
- Rainy months, 308
- parts of England, 340
- Rattling of kettle-lid, 116
- Ray of light divided, 393, 400
- Reading aloud produces hunger, 88
- Red colour, 401
- rose, 401
- sky, 132, 399
- sun-rise, 139
- sun-set, 139
- Reflected light, 364
- Reflection of heat, 192, 370
- Reflectors, 192
- help the roast, 194
- keep kitchen cool, 194
- not absorbers, 192
- should be clean and bright, 189, 192
- should not be painted, 189
- Refraction, 386, 394
- Refrangible, 132
- Retina, 388
- Reverberation, 417
- Rice for food, 93
- Rivers flow slowest at sides, 348
- freeze unequally, 354
- never frozen at bottom, 352
- not wholly frozen, 353
- shallow freeze fastest, 354
- seem shallower than they are, 387
- warm when frozen, 354
- Roast apples, 105
- soft, 106
- chestnuts, 104
- Road dark from a light room, 194
- Rocks collect no dew, 209
- broken by frost, 350
- Room cooled, 159, 315
- ventilated, 375
- warmed by fire, 237
- Rose red, 401
- Ross Captain, 414
- Rotting leaves promote cold, 161
- Rubbing, 99
- hands to warm them, 101
- melts ice, 101
- restores suspended animation, 101
- See friction.
- Ruddiness, 243
- Ruins famed for echoes, 416
- Running, promotes warmth, 87
- Running water freezes slowly, 354
- makes rough ice, 354
- oscillates, 348
- promotes warmth, 87
- pure, 347
- Rush lights easily blown out, 79
- extinguished by a pin, 81
- Rust, 257
- prevented, 258
- when most troublesome, 258
- Safety in a storm abroad, 20
- at a slight distance from a tree, 20
- best to be wet, 22
- in a carriage, 20
- in bed, 22
- in-doors, 21
- Safety lamp, 281, 282
- Sailors rarely catch cold, 158
- St. Bride’s church destroyed by lightning, 24
- Salt, 426
- and snow cold, 357
- and water, 31
- bad for washing, 343
- crackles in a fire, 44
- dissolves ice, 357
- by water, 346
- especially hot water, 346
- retards boiling, 118
- white, 403
- of lemons, 426
- smelling, 426
- water unfit for railway engines, 263
- Sand dazzling, 405
- Saturday’s kettle boils fastest, 199
- Saucepan boils best when black, 199
- slowly when new, 199
- lids should be clean and bright, 199
- Scald cured, 157
- Scum of fermentation, 272
- Sea-beach healthy in the morning, 310
- not healthy at night, 310
- Sea before storm, 146
- heaves and sighs, 146
- not much heated by sun, 296
- Sea-gulls, 154
- Sea water easier to swim in than fresh, 360
- rarely frozen, 355
- gives cold, 158
- salt, 346
- Sea-waves, 312
- Sedentary pursuits abate hunger, 90
- Seeing in a glass, 369
- into a dark street, 366
- light room, 378
- ourselves in a small mirror, 371
- the same object, 365
- when used to darkness, 366
- Sensation destroyed, 424
- of feeling, 425
- of taste, 425
- Sewers purified, 267
- Shade cool, 183
- Shadow in water, 371, 372
- Shadow larger as the object approaches a light, 379
- Sheen, 405
- Sheep bleat, 148
- Sheet lightning, 6
- Sheets wet, 157
- Ships out at sea, 385
- Shirts of linen, 183
- Shoes hot when dusty, 194
- Sick rooms purified, 421
- Sides of a pond covered with leaves, 419
- Swimming, 112
- Silver meat-covers, 202
- should not be chased, 202
- tarnishes, 260
- Simple clouds, 134
- Singing of a kettle, 113
- of boiling water, 233
- produces hunger, 88
- Single magpie unlucky, 153
- Skin, black does not scorch, 191
- white does, 191
- itches, 150
- Sleep elongates the body, 423
- body feels not in, 425
- dreams in, 424
- ears hear not in, 423
- eyes see not in, 423
- mind wills not in, 424
- tongue tastes not in, 423
- Sleet, 332
- Slit chestnuts, 105
- Smelling salts, 426
- Smells in wet weather, 152
- of church-yards, 283
- of putrefying bodies, 284
- Smoke, 39, 59
- curls, 59
- falls, 152
- of fresh coals, 39
- lamps diminished, 83
- by a glass, 83
- rises, 110
- useful in cooking, 201
- Smoky chimneys, 59
- See chimney.
- Smoke-jacks, 112
- Snow, 331
- arrests sound, 413
- bad conductor, 333
- cause of, 331
- falls in winter, 332
- not in summer, 334
- like wool, 175
- nourishes the earth, 333
- on mountains, 334
- soon melts beneath a hedge or wall, 206
- use of, 332
- warm, 332, 333
- white, 334, 402
- Snow and salt cold, 31, 357
- Soap, 344
- cleansing, 344
- hard, soft, 344
- yellow, 344
- Soap-bubbles, 348, 398
- change colour, 399
- Soapy water bubbles, 348
- Soda water, 268, 269
- Sodium, 262
- decomposes water, 262
- Soft soap, 344
- Solids, 112
- Soot in summer, 71
- on ceilings, 71
- Sooty kettles, 186
- Sound, 409
- affected by frost, 414
- heat, 414
- arrested by wet, 413
- velocity of, 410
- diminished by rarity of air, 416
- heard best by night, 414
- inaudible on mountains, 147
- South wind rainy, 303, 320
- warm, 303
- South-west wind rainy, 304
- Sparks from a fire, 106
- a flint, 97
- a horse-shoe, 98
- Spectacles, 389
- black, 408
- blue, 407
- for aged, 390
- near sights, 389
- Split bells, 411
- Sponge swells when wet, 339
- Spontaneous combustion, 56, 57, 58, 85
- Spoons become dull, 26
- in water, 387
- retard boiling, 117
- Speaking promotes hunger, 88
- Spring best late, 307
- water cool, 182
- sparkles, 269
- Springs prevent freezing, 356
- Sprinkling to cool rooms, 159
- Stagnant water, 347
- full of worms, 347
- Stale beer, &c., see beer, 275
- Stars distance and size of, 383
- invisible by day, 368
- seem flat, 384
- seen in a well, 368, 374
- seen on mountains, 376
- twinkle, 406
- Starvation, 86
- produces madness, 86
- Steam, 127
- engines burst, 236
- invisible, 116, 235
- of a kettle, 236
- why visible, 117
- what becomes of it, 117
- Steel and flint, 97
- rusts, 259
- prevented, 259
- Stillness before a storm, 146
- Stirring cools broth, &c., 247
- Stockings difficult to draw on when wet, 340
- Stones broken by frost, 350
- cold, 169
- collect no dew, 208
- snap in fire, 108
- unfit for fuel, 43
- Storms, 146
- direction of, 28
- places of danger in, 12
- safety in, 20
- Straw covered over brickwork, 359
- over trees, 359
- water-pipes, 359
- Street dark from a light room, 194
- Stoves crack, when lighted, 123
- when cooling, 123
- of bricks, 174
- on a floor, 52, 237
- rust, 257
- not often, 258
- prevented, 258
- settings fall away, 124
- warm a room, 237
- Strata of air, 9
- Stratus clouds, 135
- Streets seem to meet at bottom, 381
- watered, 159
- Stucco peels off in frost, 358
- Sublimates, 426
- Sublimation, 426
- Sudden light painful, 365
- Sugar at top of tea melts quickly, 421
- left at the bottom of a cup melts slowly, 420
- melted by water, 345
- especially by hot water, 346
- retards boiling, 118
- stirred melts quickly, 420
- white, 402
- of lead, 426
- Sulphate of lime, 426
- magnesia, 426
- soda, 426
- zinc, 426
- Sulphuric acid, 426
- and water, 30
- boils, 110
- Summer allays hunger, 90
- clothes for, 187
- creates dislike of grease, 92
- love of fruit, 92
- lightning, 11
- Sun-beams full of mites, 248
- Sun affects eyes, 407
- dazzles, 364
- dulls fire, 40
- largest at horizon, 149, 377
- not seen in a well, 373
- seems flat, 384
- source of heat, 2
- reflected in water, 375
- Sun-rise red, 139
- Sun-set gray, 140
- red, 138
- yellow, 139
- Super-acetate of lead, 426
- Swallows fly low, 152
- Swan dry in water, 224
- Swimmers sink, 361
- Swimming, 262
- Syrup boils, 119
- Table salt, 426
- Tainted meat cured, 72, 422
- water, 72
- Tallow, 74
- Tarnish, 259
- Tartar emetic, 426
- Tartrate of potash, 426
- Tarts have a cup inside, 120
- full of juice, 121
- Tea cooled by blowing, 248
- by stirring, 247
- in a saucer, 163
- green deleterious, 423
- poison for flies, 423
- Tea-pot, bright metal, 197
- tarnishes, 260
- black earth, 197
- preferred by some, 198
- set on a hob, 198
- Telescopes, 385
- Tempest, 146
- affects weather, 326
- See storms.
- Thaumatrope, 406
- Thaw affects barometer, 329
- cold, 320, 356
- dulls fire, 50
- Thermometer, 307
- Thick clothing unhealthy, 164
- Thunder, 8
- after lightning, 12
- bolts, 11
- deep growl, 10
- irregular roar, 9
- one crash, 8
- rolling, 10
- See danger, safety, storm.
- Tigers prowl by night, 367
- sleep all day, 367
- see in the dark, 367
- Tiles broken by frost, 350
- Timber charred, 73
- Tin blowers, 70
- foot-warmers, 173
- reflectors, 193
- See reflectors.
- Tinder blown, 97
- Toast and water, 73
- for the sick, 73
- Tomb-stones frosted, 230
- Tongs rust, 258
- prevented, 258
- Trade-winds, 198
- Transparency, 405
- Treble, 412
- Trees barked by lightning, 29
- collect dew, 208
- covered with bass, &c., 359
- look more distant in a fog, 148
- promote warmth, 161
- purify air, 253
- shade of, cool, 183
- Tumblers, see glasses
- Twilight, 399
- Two eyes, 368
- see single, 369
- Unslit chestnuts, 104
- Use of barometers, 317
- clouds, 137
- smoke in cooking, 201
- snow, 332
- Valley chimneys smoke, 66
- Vaporization, 126, 127
- Vapour of a carriage, 214
- of a room, 212
- of sea not salt, 163
- Vats fatal, 265
- Vegetable and animal life co-dependent, 244
- Vegetables collect dew, 208
- cool the blood, 92
- Velocity of clouds, 314
- light, 364
- sound, 410
- wind, 313
- Vent peg, 273, 274
- Ventilation, 315
- sought by the well-fed, 94
- not by the ill-fed, 94
- Verdigris, 426
- Vertical sun, 293
- Vestry chimneys smoke, 66
- Violets blue, 402
- Walls wet in winter, 216
- Want connected with dirt, 93
- Warm clothes, 187
- some things more than others, 165
- Wash-hand-basin, 171
- Washing, water for, 275
- should not be hard, 343
- Water, 38, 342
- and lime, 30
- and sulphuric acid, 30
- ashes soften, 345
- bad conductor, 171, 234
- boiling, 119, 232, 234
- bubbles, 114, 233
- rattles, 116
- runs over, 115, 233
- sings, 233
- cleans dirty linen, 344
- cold, 177
- converted to steam, 127, 343
- cools slowly, 225
- deep, freezes slowly, 356
- dried up in summer, 162
- expands by frost, 351
- by heat, 351
- extinguishes fire, 54, 107
- flat when boiled, 275
- fluid, 342
- flowing, pure, 347
- for washing, 275
- freezes at the surface, 253
- hard, 343
- unfit for washing, 343
- how preserved cool, 191, 202
- hot, 191
- heated, 232
- intenses fire, 54
- mixed with salt, boils slower, 119
- not heated above boiling, 235
- of a spring cool, 182
- purified, 72
- purifies bins, &c., 267
- salt, bad for washing, 343
- shallow, freezes fastest, 355
- slackens flame, 55
- soft, 344
- best for washing, 345
- sparkles, 269
- stagnant, 347
- full of worms, 347
- stale, 275
- swells with boiling, 114
- will not bubble without soap, 348
- warm when frozen, 354
- Water pipes broken by frost, 351
- covered with litter, 359
- Watering plants by the saucer, 420
- streets, 159
- Waves, 312
- Wax, 74
- Wax candles need no snuffing, 81
- Weather affected by tempests, 326
- prognostics of, 137
- told by barometer, 318
- rules, 319
- Weather toys, 339, 340
- Well, moon seen in, 374
- stars seen in, 368
- sun not seen in, 373
- West Wind promotes dew, 218
- rainy, 304, 320
- Wet clothes cold, 157
- feet dangerous, 157
- finger cold, 157
- kindling, 43, 44
- sheets, 158
- summer, cold winter, 160
- weather offensive, 145, 148
- Wettest months, 329
- Wheels catch fire, 99
- greased, 100
- kept cool by water, 162
- Wheel-ruts frozen, 350
- Wheelwright, 122
- White, 402
- blisters, 190
- body linen, 186
- crust on clothes, 163
- dresses for summer, 186
- not fit for winter, 187
- mist, 144
- vitriol, 426
- Wicks cotton, need snuffing, 81
- have a knob when long, 80
- not upright when long, 80
- Palmer’s wicks need no snuffing, 80
- smoke, 82
- See candles.
- Will o’ the wisp, see ignis fatuus.
- Wind, 287
- affects barometer, 327
- clouds, 129, 131
- after lightning, 11
- altered by clouds, 295
- by seas, 295, 296
- brings dry, 305
- rain, 305
- cause of, 287, 292
- changes the shape of clouds, 132
- cold, 117, 180, 312
- dispels clouds, 131, 138
- fog, 228
- draws up fire, 51
- dries linen, 316
- feels hot sometimes, 181
- in England, 300
- increases clouds, 131, 138
- makes barometer fall, 320
- chimneys smoke, 66
- of a morning, 308
- of an evening, 309
- prevents dew, 206
- rate of travelling, 313
- regular, 297
- See England, monsoon, north, south, west &c., trade-winds &c.
- Winding passages famed for echoes, 417
- Windows blazing with the sun, 372
- not at noon, 372
- covered with frost, 214
- mist, 211
- carriage, dull, 213
- rattle, 418
- Wine glasses, see glasses
- Wine made without yeast, 271
- Winter clothing, 187
- promotes hunger, 90
- Wisdom of God, 182, 208 210, 352, 357
- Wood burns, 41
- spontaneously, 55
- charred, 73
- hot at one end, cold at the other, 165
- ignited by friction, 99
- kindling, 41
- dry, 44
- wet, 107
- two logs burn best, 44, 52
- sends forth sparks, 106
- will not melt, 127
- Wooden handles, 166
- Wool bad conductor, 166
- collects no dew, 209
- warm, 176, 333
- Woollen clothing, 175
- Work produces hunger, 88
- Yeast, 271
- makes light bread, 276
- not used in wine, 271
- Yellow flame gives best light, 47
- soap, 344
- sun-set sign of wet, 139