486 N. G. van Kampen, Geschiedenes der Nederlanders buiten Europa, Haarlem, 1831, vol. i, p. 436, asks his readers to decide upon the morality of this proceeding, when negotiations were actually in progress, and in the case of Portugal, which had only recently thrown off the yoke of Spain, the common enemy.

487 Catalogo, p. 375.

488 Cavazzi, p. 626.

489 He was a son of the valiant Martim de Sá, the Governor of Rio de Janeiro. Previously to sailing up to Luandu, he erected a factory on Kikombo Bay.

490 This envoy likewise visited the Jagas Kasanji, Kalungu and Kalumbu for the purpose of persuading them to abolish infanticide; and they promised to shut an eye if the old practice was not followed.

491 In 1652 two years’ grace for the payment of all debts incurred anterior to the invasion of the Dutch was granted to all inhabitants of Angola.

492 Cavazzi vouches for this (p. 637).

493 She was conducted back by José Carrasco.

494 This may have been Kasanji ka kinjuri, born in 1608, and baptised by Antonio of Serraveza in 1655, and named D. Pasquale (Cavazzi, p. 784).

495 Lopes de Lima, Ensaio, iii, p. xxxii, says he was assassinated by a Portuguese soldier.

496 All the successors of the famous Queen, as also her people and country, are called Nzinga (Ginga) by Portuguese authors.

497 Lopes de Lima, Ensaio, iii, p. 117, and parte segunda, p. 18, calls them Quinalonga, and there can be no doubt of their identity with the Quihindonga (Kindonga) islands of Cavazzi. The Catalogo does not mention this cession.

498 He had arrived on August 26th, 1669, and spite of his prudence must be held responsible for this disastrous Sonyo campaign.

499 See Paivo Manso, p. 255, who quotes an anonymous Relação, published at Lisbon in 1671; also Cadornega.

500 Cavazzi, who accompanied this expedition as chaplain, gives a full account of it, without naming the Portuguese commander. His geographical data, as usual, are exceedingly vague: a circumstance all the more to be regretted, as even now we know very little about this part of Angola.

501 This soba had been baptised. In 1684, a brother of his expelled him, but he was reinstated by João de Figueireda e Souza.

502 From a letter published by Paiva Manso (p. 316), we learn that Mbuilu had begged the King of Kongo to receive him as a vassal.

503 For King Pedro’s letter of thanks for this victory, see Catalogo, p. 401. In 1693, massacres of prisoners were strictly prohibited.

504 He died in prison at Luandu.

505 The author of a Report referred to below admits that they had many detractors who were envious of their success.

506 Seventeen Capuchins, eight Jesuits, seven Franciscans, and four Carmelites.

507 In 1709 there were seven million reis in its treasury.

508 Ensaio, iii, p. 149.

509 The testoon was a coin of 100 reis, worth about 8d.

510 The assumed value of the makuta was 50 reis; its actual value, in silver, only 30 reis. There were pieces of half makutas and of quarter makutas, popularly called paka.

511 Zucchelli (p. xvii, § 11), tells us that when Luiz Cerar de Menezes returned to Rio, in 1701, he carried away with him 1,500,000 crusados (£200,000), realised in the slave trade.

512 Ensaio, iii, p. xxxiv.

513 Provincial Governors not appointed by the King, but elected by the local authorities or the troops.

INDEX AND GLOSSARY.

For information additional to that given in the body of this volume, consult Bramas, Margarita, Ostrich Eggs.

Included in this Index are all the geographical names mentioned by Duarte Lopes (Pigafetta’s Report of the Kingdom of Congo), as also many names referred to by Cavazzi, Paiva Manso, and others.

The approximate geographical position is given in degrees and tenths of degrees.

For names beginning with C, Ch, or Qu, see also K.