CRATAEGUS PUNCTATA Jacquin. Large-fruited Thorn. (× 1/2.)
CRATÆGUS MARGARETTA Ashe. Judge Brown's Thorn. Mrs. Ashe's Thorn. (× 1/2.)
Distribution.—Southern Ontario to central Iowa, western Virginia, Tennessee and Missouri. Known in Indiana only from the northern part of the State.
A small tree sometimes 8 m. (25 feet) high, with spreading branches.
Specimens have been seen from the following counties: Allen (Deam); Blackford (Deam); Cass (Mrs. Ida Jackson); Delaware (Deam); Elkhart (Deam); Fulton (Deam); Grant (Deam); Henry (Deam); Huntington (Deam); Johnson (Deam); Lagrange (Deam); Lawrence (Deam); Noble (Deam); Randolph (Deam); Steuben (Deam); Tipton (Mrs. Chas. C. Deam); Wayne (Deam); Wells (Deam).
5. Crataegus collìna Chapman. Chapman's Hill Thorn. Plate 81. Bark dark gray, scaly; spines numerous, about 3-7 cm. (1-21/2 inches) long; often numerous branched thorns on the trunk 15-20 cm. (6-8 inches) long, brown; leaves obovate to oblanceolate, 2-6 cm. (3/4-21/4 inches) long, 1.5-5 cm. (1/2-2 inches) wide, acute or obtuse at the apex, strongly cuneate, serrate or doubly serrate with obtuse lobes towards the apex, subcoriaceous, yellow-green, young leaves somewhat pubescent, becoming glabrous with age; petioles about 2.5 cm. (1 inch) long, slightly hairy, somewhat winged; corymbs and calyx pubescent; flowers about 15 mm. (3/4 inch) wide; stamens 10-20, usually 20, anthers usually yellow; styles and nutlets, 4-5; calyx lobes glandular-ciliate or glandular-serrate; fruit ripens in October, globose or compressed-globose, red or orange-red, 9-12 mm. (3/8-1/2 inch) thick; calyx tube somewhat prominent, the lobes reflexed.
Distribution.—Virginia to Georgia, Indiana, Missouri and Mississippi.
Only one station known in Indiana; Deam's No. 12449 from Dearborn County.
A tree sometimes 8 meters (25 feet) high with spreading branches and a broad flat crown.
6. Crataegus succulénta Schrader. Long-spined Thorn. Plate 82. Bark gray; spines numerous, strong, 3-10 cm. (11/2-4 inches) long, chestnut-brown; leaves rhombic-ovate to obovate, 3-8 cm. (11/4-31/4 inches) long, 2.5-6 cm. (1-21/2 inches) wide, acute at the apex, broadly cuneate at the base, serrate or doubly serrate with fine teeth, often lobed towards the apex, coriaceous, dark shining green above, pubescent along the veins beneath; petioles 1-2 cm. (3/8-3/4 inch) long, slightly winged above; corymbs slightly villous, many-flowered; flowers appear in May, about 2 cm. (3/4 inch) broad; stamens 10-20, usually 10; anthers pink or occasionally yellow or white, large; styles and nutlets usually 2 or 3; calyx lobes lanceolate-acuminate, glandular-laciniate, villous; fruit ripens in September, subglobose, 5-15 mm. (1/4-2/3 inch) thick, dark red, shining, flesh thin, glutinous; nutlet with deep pits on the inner faces; calyx-lobes villous, reflexed.
CRATÆGUS COLLINA Chapman. Chapman's Hill Thorn. (× 1/2.)
CRATÆGUS SUCCULENTA Schrader. Long-spined Thorn. (× 1/2.)
Distribution.—Nova Scotia to Minnesota, Nebraska and south in the higher Alleghenies to North Carolina and in the Rocky Mountains to southern Colorado. As yet reported only from northern to central Indiana.
A small tree sometimes 6 m. (20 feet) high, with ascending branches and a broad, irregular crown; more often, however, a large shrub.
Specimens have been seen from the following counties: Allen (Deam); Cass (Mrs. Ida Jackson); Fulton (Deam); Noble (VanGorder); Putnam (Grimes); Tippecanoe (Deam); Wells (Deam).
Horticultural Uses.—Highly ornamental for parks and hedges because of the abundant flowers, dark green shining leaves and its dark red shining fruit.
7. Crataegus neo-fluviàlis Ashe. New River Thorn. Plate 83. Bark grayish; spines numerous, 2.5-8 cm. (1-3 inches) long; leaves elliptical-ovate to obovate, 2.5-8 cm. (1-3 inches) long, 2-6 cm. (3/4-21/2 inches) wide, acute or obtuse at the apex, cuneate at the base, sharply and doubly serrate, with obtuse or acute lobes towards the apex, coriaceous, dark green and shining above, pubescent along the veins beneath; petioles 1-2 cm. (3/8-3/4 inch) long, slightly winged-above; corymbs and calyx-tubes glabrous or slightly villous, many-flowered; flowers appear in May, 1.2-1.6 cm. (1/2-2/3 inch) broad, stamens 15-20, anthers usually pink, small; styles and nutlets usually 2 or 3; calyx lobes more villous on the inside, lanceolate-acuminate, glandular-laciniate; fruit ripens in September, globose or short ellipsoidal, dark red, 4-13 mm. (1/4-1/2 inch) thick, flesh thin, glutinous, nutlets with deep pits in the inner faces; calyx lobes reflexed, glabrous or slightly hairy.
Distribution.—Western Vermont to eastern Wisconsin, Iowa and south in the Alleghenies to North Carolina.
A small tree sometimes 8 m. (30 feet) high, with ascending and spreading branches.
Specimens have been seen from Allen (Deam); Fulton (Deam); Shelby (Deam); Wells (Deam).
CRATÆGUS NEO-FLUVIALIS Ashe. New Riverthorn. (× 1/2.)
CRATÆGUS CALPODENDRON (Ehrhart) Medicus. Pear-thorn. (× 1/2.)
8. Crataegus Calpodéndron (Ehrhart) Medicus. Pear-thorn. Pear or Red Haw. Plate 84. Bark pale gray to dark brown, furrowed; spines occasional, slender 3-5 cm. (11/4-2 inches) long; leaves rhombic-ovate, 4-11 cm. (11/2-41/2 inches) long, 3-8 cm. (11/4-3 inches) wide, acute or acuminate at the apex, finely and doubly serrate, those on the vegetative shoots obtuse and more entire than the others, pubescent on both sides, becoming scabrate above, subcoriaceous, dull green above; petioles about 2 cm. (3/4 inch) long, wing margined, glandular hairy; corymbs white-tomentose, many flowered; flowers appear in June, about 1.5 cm. (2/3 inch) broad; stamens about 20; anthers small, pink; styles and nutlets usually 2 or 3; calyx lobes lanceolate-acuminate, glandular laciniate; fruit ripens in September, pyriform to ellipsoidal, orange-red or red, 8-10 mm. (1/3 inch) thick, flesh glutinous; nutlets with deep pits in their inner faces; calyx lobes reflexed.
Distribution.—Central New York, northeastern New Jersey to Minnesota and Missouri and south in the mountains to northern Georgia.
A large shrub or occasionally a tree 6 m. (20 feet) high, with ascending branches forming a broad crown.
Specimens have been examined from the following counties: Boone (Deam); Floyd (Deam); Hancock (Mrs. Chas. C. Deam); Harrison (Deam); Marion (Mrs. Chas. C. Deam); Posey (Deam); Putnam (Grimes); Tippecanoe (Stanley Coulter); Wells (Deam); White (Deam); Whitley (Deam).
9. Crataegus chrysocárpa Ashe. (Crataegus Dodgei Sargent. Crataegus rotundifolia, Borckhausen.) Round-leaved Thorn. Plate 85. Bark dark red-brown, scaly; spines numerous, chestnut-brown, curved, 2-5 cm. (1-2 inches) long; leaves ovate-orbicular or obovate, 3-6 cm. (11/4-21/4 inches) long, 2-6 cm. (3/4-21/4 inches) wide, acute at the apex, broadly cuneate at the base, doubly serrate with rather coarse teeth and with 3 or 4 pairs of acute lobes, subcoriaceous, dark yellow-green and shining above, slightly pubescent or glabrous; corymbs glabrous or slightly pubescent; flowers 10-15 mm. (1/2-3/4 inch) wide; stamens 5-10; anthers light yellow; styles and nutlets usually 3-4; calyx lobes lanceolate, acuminate, usually entire, but glandular margined; fruit depressed-globose to short ovoid, about 10 mm. (1/2 inch) thick, flesh soft; calyx lobes reflexed.
Distribution.—Nova Scotia and New Brunswick to Saskatchewan, south to Nebraska and Pennsylvania and in the mountains to North Carolina and New Mexico.
Round topped shrub or tree sometimes 8 meters (25 feet) high.
Specimens have been seen from the following counties: Delaware and Lagrange (Deam).
CRATÆGUS CHRYSOCARPA Ashe. Round-leaved Thorn. (× 1/2.)
CRATÆGUS VIRIDIS Linnæus. Southern Thorn. (× 1/2.)
10. Crataegus víridis Linnæus. Southern Thorn. Plate 86. Bark gray to light orange; spines uncommon, 2-5 cm. (3/4-31/4 inches) long; leaves oblong-ovate, 2-8 cm. (3/4-31/4 inches) long, 2-5 cm. (1/2-2 inches) wide, acute, acuminate or even obtuse at the apex, serrate or doubly serrate, often with acute or obtuse lobes towards the apex, dark green, shining and slightly impressed veined above, sometimes pubescent along the veins beneath; petioles 1-2 cm. (3/8-3/4 inch) long, slightly winged above; corymbs glabrous, many flowered; flowers appear in May, 1-1.5 cm. (1/2-2/3 inch) broad; stamens about 20; anthers usually yellow, sometimes pink; styles and nutlets 4 or 5; calyx lobes lanceolate-acuminate, entire, slightly pubescent inside; fruit ripens in October, globose or compressed-globose, bright red or orange, glaucous, 4-6 mm. (1/4 inch) thick, flesh thin, hard, edible.
Distribution.—Moist, alluvial soil along streams and lakes, southeastern Virginia to northern Florida and southwestern Indiana to eastern Kansas and Texas.
A tree from 6-11 m. (20-35 feet) high, with ascending branches and a broad crown.
Specimens have been examined from the following counties: Dubois (Deam); Gibson (Schneck), (Deam); Knox (Schneck); Posey (Deam).
11. Crataegus nítida (Engelmann) Sargent. Shining Thorn. Plate 87. Bark dark and scaly; spines occasional, 3-5 cm. (1-2 inches) long; leaves oblong-ovate to oval, 3-8 cm. (11/4-3 inches) long, 2-6 cm. (3/4-21/4 inches) wide, acute at the apex, cuneate at the base, coarsely serrate or twice serrate with acute lobes towards the apex, dark green and shining above, glabrous; petioles 1-2 cm. (3/8-3/4 inch) long, slightly winged above, slightly villous when young; corymbs glabrous, many-flowered; flowers appear in May, 1.2-2 cm. (1/2-3/4 inch) broad; stamens about 20; anthers light yellow; styles and nutlets 3-5; calyx lobes lanceolate-acuminate, entire; fruit ripens in October, globose to short-ellipsoidal, dark dull red, 6-9 mm. (1/4-1/2 inch) thick; flesh yellow, mealy, hard.
Distribution.—River bottoms southwestern Indiana to southern Illinois. A tree sometimes 9 m. (30 feet) high, with ascending and spreading branches and a broad crown.
Specimens have been seen from Gibson (Schneck); Posey (Deam).
CRATÆGUS NITIDA (Engelmann) Sargent. Shining Thorn. (× 1/2.)
CRATÆGUS MACROSPERMA Ashe. Variable Thorn. (× 1/2.)
12. Crataegus macrospérma Ashe. Variable Thorn. Plate 88. Bark brown, scaly; spines numerous, stout, curved, 2-7 cm. (3/4-23/4 inches) long; leaves broadly elliptical-ovate to broadly ovate, 2-7 cm. (3/4-23/4 inches) long and wide, acute at the apex, rounded, truncate or rarely cordate at the base, serrate or doubly serrate, slightly villous, becoming glabrate, dark yellow-green above, membranaceous; petioles slender, 2-3 cm. (1/2-11/4 inches) long, slightly winged above; corymbs glabrous or slightly villous, many-flowered; flowers appear in May, 1.5-2 cm. (1/2-3/4 inch) broad; stamens 5-20, usually 5-10; styles and nutlets usually 3 or 4; calyx lobes lanceolate-acuminate, entire; fruit ripens in August or September, ellipsoidal or pyriform, scarlet to crimson, often glaucous, 1-1.8 cm. (1/3-3/4 inch) thick, flesh succulent, edible; calyx lobes persistent, erect or spreading.
Distribution.—Nova Scotia and Maine to southeastern Minnesota and south in the mountains to North Carolina and Tennessee.
Usually a large shrub but occasionally a small tree, sometimes 8 m. (25 feet) high, with ascending branches.
Specimens have been seen from the following counties: Allen (Deam); Bartholomew (Deam); Clark (Deam); Decatur (Deam); Fulton (Deam); Hancock (Mrs. Chas. C. Deam); Madison (Deam); Porter (Deam); Randolph (Deam); Shelby (Mrs. Chas. C. Deam); Washington (Deam); Wells (Deam); Whitley (Deam).
Crataegus macrosperma Ashe. var. matura (Sargent) Eggleston. Lobes of the leaves acuminate, often recurved; fruit ripens early.
Distribution.—Known in Indiana only from Deam's specimen No. 14187 from Wells County.
13. Crataegus basilìca Beadle. (Crataegus alnorum Sargent. Crataegus Edsoni Sargent). Edson's Thorn. Plate 89. Bark brown, scaly; spines 2.5-4 cm. (1-11/2 inches) long, stout, curved; leaves ovate, 3-7 cm. (11/4-23/4 inches) long, acute at the apex, broadly cuneate or truncate at base, serrate or doubly serrate with acute lobes, dull dark yellow-green above, paler beneath; corymbs glabrous, many flowered; flowers 15-20 mm. (5/8-7/8 inch) broad; stamens about 20; anthers pink; styles and nutlets 3-5; fruit subglobose, slightly angular, dark cherry-red, 12-15 mm. (1/2-5/8 inch) thick, flesh succulent; calyx lobes erect or spreading.
Distribution.—New England to southern Michigan, northern Indiana and Pennsylvania to mountains of North Carolina and Tennessee.
A broad shrub or small tree sometimes 4.5 meters (15 feet) high, branches ascending.
Specimens examined: Wells (Deam).
CRATÆGUS BASILICA Beadle. Edson's Thorn. (× 1/2.)
CRATÆGUS JESUPI Sargent. Jesup's Thorn. (× 1/2.)
14. Crataegus Jésupi Sargent. Jesup's Thorn. Twin Mountain Thorn. Plate 90. Bark grayish-brown; spines stout, straight 2-4 cm. (3/4-11/2 inches) long; leaves elliptical-ovate, 3.5-7 cm. (11/2-3 inches) long, 2-5.5 cm. (1-2 inches) wide, acute or acuminate at the apex, broadly cuneate to truncate-cordate, serrate or doubly serrate, with 4 or 5 pairs of acute lobes, yellow-green above, paler beneath, glabrous; petioles slender, 2-3.5 cm. (3/4-11/2 inches) long, slightly winged above; corymbs glabrous, many-flowered; flowers appear in May, about 2 cm. (5/6 inch) broad; stamens about 10; anthers dark red; styles and nutlets usually 3 or 4; calyx lobes entire; fruit ripens in October, short-ellipsoidal to pyriform, dark red, slightly angled, lacking bloom when mature, about 1 cm. (3/8 inch) thick, flesh yellow, firm; calyx lobes mostly deciduous.
Distribution.—Western Vermont, to southwestern Wisconsin and south to Pennsylvania and Owen County, Indiana.
A shrubby tree, sometimes 6 m. (20 feet) high, with ascending branches and a round crown.
Specimens examined: Owen (Mrs. Chas. C. Deam).
15. Crataegus rugòsa Ashe. (Crataegus deltoides Ashe). Fretz's Thorn. Plate 91. Spines numerous, 3-6 cm. (11/4-21/2 inches) long, stout curved; leaves broadly ovate, 3-7 cm. (1-23/4 inches) long and broad, acute or acuminate at the apex, cordate or truncate at the base, serrate or twice serrate with 4-6 pairs of broad acuminate lobes, glabrous, membranaceous; petioles 1-3 cm. (3/8-11/4 inches) long, glabrous; corymbs many-flowered, glabrous; flowers appear in May, about 2 cm. (5/6 inch) broad; stamens 10-20; anthers pink; styles and nutlets usually 4 or 5; calyx lobes deltoid-acuminate, entire or slightly serrate at the base; fruit ripens in October, depressed-globose, bright red, angular, glabrous, waxy, 1-1.5 cm. (1/2-2/3 inch) thick, flesh yellow, somewhat succulent; calyx lobes persistent, spreading, the tube rather prominent.
Distribution.—Southwestern New England to southern Indiana and the mountains of North Carolina.
A shrub or tree sometimes 6 m. (20 feet) high, with ascending branches and an irregular crown.
Specimens examined: Allen (Deam); Decatur (Deam); Grant (Deam); Jennings (Deam); Owen (Deam); Perry (Deam); Wells (Deam).
16. Crataegus fílipes Ashe. Miss Beckwith's Thorn. (Crataegus silvicola var. Beckwithae (Sargent) Eggleston). Plate 92. Spines numerous, curved, chestnut-brown, 2.5 to 6 cm. (1-21/2 inches) long; bark slightly scaly; leaves 2-7 cm. (3/4-23/4 inches) long, 2-6 cm. (3/4-21/2 inches) wide; leaves ovate, acute or acuminate at apex, rounded, truncate or on vegetative shoots cordate at base, serrate or doubly serrate, lower pair of acuminate lobes often deeply cut, membranaceous, glabrous; corymbs glabrous; flowers about 2 cm. (3/4 inch) broad; stamens about 10; anthers pink; styles and nutlets 3-5; fruit globose or compressed-globose, cherry-red, 8-10 mm. (1/3 inch) thick, ripens in October.
CRATÆGUS RUGOSA Ashe. Fretz's Thorn. (× 1/2.)
CRATÆGUS FILIPES Ashe. Miss Beckwith's Thorn. (× 1/2.)
Distribution.—Western New England to central Michigan and south to Pennsylvania and southern Indiana.
A shrub or tree sometimes 9 meters (30 feet) high, with irregular ascending branches.
Specimens have been seen from Perry County, Deam's No. 27104.
17. Crataegus Gattíngeri Ashe. (Crataegus coccinea var. oligandra Torrey and Gray). Dr. Clapp's Thorn. Gattinger's Thorn. Plate 93. Spines numerous, 2.5-6 cm. (1-2 inches) long; leaves narrowly ovate to deltoid, 2.5-6 cm. (1-21/2 inches) long, 2-5 cm. (3/4-2 inches) wide, acuminate at the apex, broadly cuneate or rounded at the base, serrate or doubly serrate, lobed towards the apex, membranaceous, glabrous, dark green above; petioles glabrous, 2-3 cm. (3/4-11/4 inches) long; corymbs glabrous, many-flowered; flowers appear in May, about 2 cm. (3/4 inch) broad; stamens 10-20; anthers small, pink; styles and nutlets usually 3 or 4; fruit ripens in October, globose, angular, red, slightly waxy, 0.8-1.2 cm. (1/3-1/2 inch) thick, flesh hard; calyx tube prominent, the lobes triangular, spreading.
Distribution.—Southern Pennsylvania and southern Indiana to West Virginia and central Tennessee.
Shrub or small tree sometimes 4.5 m. (15 feet) high, with ascending, irregular branches.
Specimens seen from: Floyd (Dr. Clapp, before 1840); Knox (Schneck); Perry (Deam); Steuben (Deam); Wells (Deam).
18. Crataegus pruinòsa (Wendland) K. Koch. Waxy-fruited Thorn. Plate 94. Bark dark brown; spines numerous, slender, 3-6 cm. (11/4-21/2 inches) long; leaves elliptic-ovate to broadly ovate, 2.5-6 cm. (1-21/2 inches) long and wide, acute or acuminate at the apex, abruptly cuneate, rounded or occasionally cordate at the base, serrate or doubly serrate with 3 or 4 pairs of broad acute lobes towards the apex, blue-green, glabrous, membranaceous; petioles 2 or 3 cm. (3/4-11/4 inches) long, glabrous; corymbs glabrous, many-flowered; flowers appear in May, about 2 cm. (5/6 inch) broad; stamens 10-20; anthers pink or sometimes yellow or white; styles and nutlets 4 or 5; calyx lobes lanceolate-acuminate, entire, slightly serrate at the base; fruit ripens in October, depressed-globose to short-ellipsoidal, strongly angled, waxy, apple green, becoming scarlet or purple, 1.2-1.5 cm. (1/2-2/3 inch), thick, firm, yellow, sweet; calyx tube prominent, the lobes spreading, persistent.
Distribution.—Rocky, open woods, western New England to Michigan and south to North Carolina and Missouri. Well distributed in Indiana.
CRATÆGUS GATTINGERI Ashe. Dr. Gattinger's Thorn. (× 1/2.)
CRATÆGUS PRUINOSA (Wendland) K. Koch. Waxy-fruited Thorn. (× 1/2.)
A small shrubby tree sometimes 6 m. (20 feet) high, with irregular branches and crown.
Specimens have been seen from the following counties: Allen (Deam); Clark (Deam); Decatur (Deam); Delaware (Deam); Gibson (Deam); Hamilton (Deam); Hancock (Mrs. Chas. C. Deam); Lagrange (Deam); Madison (Deam); Marion (Deam); Monroe (Deam); Porter (Deam); Putnam (Grimes); Randolph (Deam); Steuben (Deam); Sullivan (Deam); Tipton (Deam); Vermillion (Deam); Warren (Deam); Wayne (Deam); Wells (Deam).
19. Crataegus coccinioìdes Ashe. Eggert's Thorn. (Crataegus Eggertii Britton). Plate 95. Bark grayish-brown, scaly; spines curved, 2-6 cm. (3/4-21/2 inches) long; leaves broadly ovate, 4-9 cm. (11/2-31/2 inches) long, 3.5-8 cm. (13/4-3 inches) wide, acute at the apex, rounded or truncate at the base, doubly serrate with several pairs of broad, acute lobes, dark green above, paler and slightly tomentose along the veins beneath, membranaceous; petioles 2 to 3 cm. (3/4-11/4 inches) long, slightly pubescent; corymbs glabrous, 5-12 flowered; flowers appear in May, about 2 cm. (5/6 inch) broad; stamens about 20; anthers pink; styles and nutlets usually 4 or 5; calyx lobes ovate, acute, glandular-serrate; fruit ripens in September, subglobose, obtusely angled, 1.5-2 cm. (3/4-1 inch) thick, flesh reddish, subacid, edible; calyx tube prominent, the lobes spreading.
Distribution.—Montreal Island to Rhode Island and west to eastern Kansas and Missouri.
A small tree sometimes 6 m. (20 feet) high, with ascending and spreading branches and a broad, round-topped crown.
Specimens have been seen from: Floyd (Dr. Clapp, before 1840), (Deam); Gibson (Schneck); Marion (Deam); Martin (Deam); Vigo (Blatchley); Whitley (Deam).
20. Crataegus coccínea Linnæus. Scarlet Thorn. Red Haw. (Crataegus pedicillata Sargent). Plate 96. Bark light gray, spines stout, curved, 2-6 cm. (3/4-2 inches) long; leaves broadly ovate, 3-10 cm. (11/4-4 inches) long, 3-9 cm. (11/4-31/2 inches) wide, acute or acuminate at the apex, broadly cuneate to truncate at the base, serrate, doubly serrate or lobed, slightly pubescent, becoming scabrous above, nearly glabrous beneath, membranaceous; corymbs glabrous or sometimes slightly villous, many-flowered; flowers appear in May, 1.5-2 cm. (2/3-5/6 inch) broad; stamens 10-20; anthers pink; styles and nutlets 3-5; fruit ripens in September, pyriform to short ellipsoidal, scarlet or red, glabrous or slightly pubescent, 1.5-2 cm. (3/4-5/6 inch) thick, flesh thick, dry and mealy; calyx lobes lanceolate-acuminate, glandular-serrate, erect or spreading, rather persistent.
CRATÆGUS COCCINOIDES Ashe. Eggert's Thorn. (× 1/2.)
CRATÆGUS COCCINEA Linnæus. Scarlet Thorn. (× 1/2.)
Distribution.—Connecticut to Ontario, Illinois, Delaware and Pennsylvania.
A small tree sometimes 8 m. (25 feet) high, with ascending and spreading branches and a broad, round-topped crown.
Specimens have been seen from the following counties: Floyd (Deam); Knox (Deam); Noble (VanGorder); Steuben (Deam); White (Deam).
Horticultural Uses.—This fine tree has been in the gardener's hands several centuries. There are specimens in the Kew Gardens, England, more than two hundred years old.
20a. Crataegus coccinea var. Ellwangeriàna, n. nom. (Crataegus pedicillata var. Ellwangeriana (Sargent) Eggleston). Corymbs densely villous; fruit slightly villous.
Distribution.—Known in Indiana from Deam's specimen No. 27355 from Warren County.
21. Crataegus móllis (Torrey and Gray) Scheele. Red-fruited or Downy Thorn. Red Haw. Plate 97. Bark grayish-brown, fissured and scaly; spines curved, 3-5 cm. (1-2 inches) long; leaves broadly ovate, acute at the apex, cordate to truncate at the base, serrate or twice serrate with narrow acute lobes, 4-13 cm. (11/2-5 inches) long, 4-10 cm. (11/2-4 inches) wide, slightly rugose, densely tomentose beneath, tomentose above, becoming scabrous, membranaceous; petioles 2-4 cm. (3/4-11/2 inches) long, tomentose; corymbs tomentose, many-flowered; flowers appear in May, about 2.5 cm. (1 inch) broad; stamens about 20; anthers light yellow; styles and nutlets 4 or 5; fruit ripens in September, short-ellipsoidal to subglobose, scarlet, 1.5-2.5 cm. (1/2-1 inch) thick, flesh thick, yellow, edible; calyx lobes glandular-serrate, swollen, erect or spreading, deciduous.
Distribution.—Southern Ontario to South Dakota, south to central Tennessee and Arkansas. This thorn is well distributed over Indiana.
A small tree often 13 m. (40 feet) high, with ascending and spreading branches, forming a broad, round-topped crown.
Specimens have been examined from the following counties: Allen (Deam); Cass (Mrs. Ida Jackson); Dearborn (Deam); Decatur (Deam); Delaware (Deam); Floyd (Deam); Gibson (Schneck), (Deam); Hancock (Deam); Hendricks (Deam); Henry (Deam); Jackson (Deam); Knox (Schneck), (Deam); Madison (Deam); Marion (Mrs. Chas. C. Deam); Montgomery (Grimes); Posey (Deam); Putnam (Grimes); Shelby (Deam); Sullivan (Deam); Vermillion (Deam); Wells (Deam); Whitley (Deam).
CRATÆGUS MOLLIS (Torrey and Gray) Scheele. Red-fruited Thorn. (× 1/2.)
22. Crataegus Phænopyrum (Linnæus fils) Medicus. Washington Thorn. Scarlet Haw. (Crataegus cordata Aiton). Plate 98. Bark grayish-brown, scaly; spines numerous, slightly curved, 2-5 cm. (3/4-2 inches) long; leaves ovate-triangular, 2-8 cm. (3/4-3 inches) long and wide, simply or doubly serrate, often 3-5 lobed, acute at the apex, rounded to cordate at the base, bright green above, glabrous; petioles slender, 1.5-5 cm. (1/2-2 inches) long, glabrous; corymbs glabrous, many-flowered; flowers appear in June, 8-12 mm. (1/3-1/2 inch) broad; stamens about 20; anthers pink; styles and nutlets usually 5; calyx lobes deltoid, entire, deciduous; fruit ripens in October or November, depressed-globose, scarlet, 4-6 mm. (1/6-1/4 inch) thick, nutlets with a bare apex and smooth back, flesh thin, firm.
Distribution.—Virginia to Georgia, Indiana to Arkansas. Moist rich soil. Naturalized in Pennsylvania and New Jersey. Possibly it may be naturalized at the Indiana station. More knowledge of distribution in southern Indiana is needed to settle this question.
A shrubby tree sometimes 9 m. (30 feet) high, with nearly erect branches and an oblong crown.
Specimens have been seen from Wayne (Deam). It also occurs in the Wabash Valley.
Horticultural Uses.—This is one of the most desirable thorns for ornamental planting and hedges. Its scarlet autumn foliage and beautiful little scarlet fruit persist for a long time. It is also one of the American thorns long in cultivation, both in Europe and the United States.
Crataegus álbicans Linnæus. This species was reported for Indiana by Heimlich.[52]
The material at hand is not sufficient to make a satisfactory determination, hence it is omitted in the text.
According to the treatment of the genus Crataegus in Britton and Brown's Illustrated Flora, 2nd Edition, the range of the following species extend into Indiana.
| Throughout the State—
C. Boyntoni. C. Brainerdi. C. lucorum. In the southern part of the State—
C. berberifolia.
C. denaria. C. fecunda. C. ovata. |
In the northern part of the State—
C. roanensis.
C. beata. C. villipes. C. Pringlei. |
CRATÆGUS PHÆNOPYRUM (Linnæus filius) Medicus. Washington Thorn. (× 1/2.)
Trees or shrubs with alternate, simple, petioled and usually serrate leaves; flowers perfect, calyx and corolla 5 numerous, stamens 15-30; fruit a 1-seeded drupe.
The characters which separate the species are not at all constant, and the species often vary much in the extremes of their range.
PRÙNUS. The Plums and Cherries.
Flowers in umbel like clusters, or somewhat corymbose, appearing before or with the leaves on branchlets of the preceding year. |
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Margins of leaves with sharp teeth. |
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Petioles glabrous beneath |
1 P. americana. |
Petioles more or less pubescent all around |
2 P. americana var. lanata. |
Margins of leaves with blunt or crenate teeth. |
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Teeth of center of leaves about 10 per cm.; calyx lobes glandular; fruit more than 10 mm. in diameter. |
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Principal leaves of fruiting branches generally more than 4 cm. broad; flowers white and generally more than 17 mm. wide |
3 P. nigra. |
Principal leaves of fruiting branches generally less than 4 cm. broad; flowers white which on age show a tinge of pink and generally less than 17 mm. wide |
4 P. hortulana. |
Teeth of center of leaves about 20 per cm.; calyx lobes glandless; fruit less than 10 mm. in diameter |
5 P. pennsylvanica.> |
Flowers in racemes, appearing after the leaves on twigs of the present year |
6 P. serotina. |
1. Prunus americàna Marshall. Wild Red Plum. Plate 99. Small trees with crooked branches; bark of old trees exfoliating in irregular plates; twigs smooth; leaves obovate or oval, 5-9 cm. long, 2.5-5 cm. wide, narrowed or sometimes rounded at the base, acuminate at apex, margins sharply serrate or doubly serrate, glabrous above and smooth below, or hairy on the veins and sometimes more or less pubescent over the whole under surface, inner surface of petiole more or less hairy and sometimes bearing one or two glands; flowers appear in April or May before or with the leaves in clusters of 2-4 or sometimes singly, about 2 cm. in diameter, calyx smooth or with some hairs near the base of the lobes which are pubescent within and smooth or hairy without, lobes entire or cut-toothed above the middle, glandless or with inconspicuous glands; fruit ripens in August or September, usually globose, about 2 cm. in diameter, red; stone doubly convex, oval to nearly orbicular, surface usually smooth.