—— their brides dressed as men on the wedding night, ii. 260

Spencer, Baldwin, on reincarnation of the dead, i. 100 n. 3

Spencer, B., and Gillen, F. J., on Australian belief in conception without sexual intercourse, i. 99

Spermus, king of Lydia, i. 183

Spieth, J., on the Ewe peoples, i. 70 n. 2

Spirit animals supposed to enter women and be born from them, i. 97 sq.

—— -children left by ancestors, i. 100 sq.

Spirits supposed to consort with women, i. 91;

of ancestors in the form of animals, 83;

of forefathers thought to dwell in rivers, ii. 38

—— of dead chiefs worshipped by the whole tribe, ii. 175, 176, 177, 179, 181 sq., 187;

thought to control the rain, 188;

prophesy through living men and women, 192 sq.;

reincarnated in animals, 193.

See also Ancestral spirits

Spring called Persephone, ii. 41

Staffordshire, All Souls' Day in, ii. 79

Standard, Egyptian, resembling a placenta, ii. 156 n. 1

Stanikas, male children of sacred prostitutes, i. 63

Star of Bethlehem, i. 259

—— of Salvation, i. 258

—— -spangled cap of Attis, i. 284

Steinn in Hringariki, barrow of Halfdan at, ii. 100

Stella Maris, an epithet of the Virgin Mary, ii. 119

Stengel, P., on sacrificial ritual of Eleusis, i. 292 n. 3

Stlatlum Indians of British Columbia respect the animals and plants which they eat, ii. 44

Stocks, sacred, among the Semites, i. 107 sqq.

Stones, holed, custom of passing through, i. 36;

to commemorate the dead, ii. 203

——, sacred, anointed, i. 36;

among the Semites, 107 sqq.;

among the Khasis, 108 n. 1

Strabo, on the concubines of Ammon, i. 72;

on Albanian moon-god, 73 n. 4;

on Castabala, 168 n. 6;

his description of the Burnt Land of Lydia, 193;

on the frequency of earthquakes at Philadelphia, 195;

his description of Rhodes, 195 n. 3;

on Nysa, 206 n. 1;

on the priests of Pessinus, 286

Stratonicea in Caria, eunuch priest at, i. 270 n. 2;

rule as to the pollution of death at, ii. 227 sq.

String music in religion, i. 54

Su-Mu, a tribe of Southern China, said to be governed by a woman, ii. 211 n. 2

Subordination of the individual to the community, the principle of ancient society, i. 300

Substitutes for human sacrifices, i. 146 sq., 219 sq., 285, 289, ii. 99, 221

Succession to the crown under mother-kin (female kinship), i. 44, ii. 18, 210 n. 1

Sudan, the negroes of, their regard for the phases of the moon, ii. 141

Sudanese, their conduct in an earthquake, i. 198

Suffetes of Carthage, i. 116

Sugar-bag totem, i. 101

Suicides, custom observed at graves of, i. 93;

ghosts of, feared, 292 n. 3

Suk, their belief in serpents as reincarnations of the dead, i. 82, 85

Sulla at Aedepsus, i. 212

Sumatra, the Bataks of, i. 199, ii. 239;

the Loeboes of, 264

Sumba, East Indian island, annual festival of the New Year and of the dead in, ii. 55 sq.

Sumerians, their origin and civilization, i. 7 sq.

Summer on the Mediterranean rainless, i. 159 sq.

—— called Aphrodite, ii. 41

—— festival of Adonis, i. 226, 232 n.

Sun, temple of the, at Baalbec, i. 163;

Adonis interpreted as the, 228;

the Nativity of the, at the winter solstice, 303 sqq.;

Osiris interpreted as the, ii. 120 sqq.;

called “the eye of Horus,” 121;

worshipped in Egypt, 122, 123 sqq.;

the power of regeneration ascribed to the, 143 n. 4;

salutations to the rising, 193

—— and earth, annual marriage of, i. 47 sq.

—— -god annually married to Earth-goddess, i. 47 sq.;

the Egyptian, ii. 123 sqq.;

hymns to the, 123 sq.

—— -goddess of the Hittites, i. 133 n.

—— the Unconquered, Mithra identified with, i. 304

Superiority of the goddess in the myths of Adonis, Attis, Osiris, ii. 201 sq.;

of goddesses over gods in societies organized on mother-kin, 202 sqq.;

legal, of women over men in ancient Egypt, 214

Supplementary days, five, in the Egyptian year, ii. 6;

in the ancient Mexican year, 28 n. 3;

in the old Iranian year, 67, 68

Supreme gods in Africa, ii. 165, 173 sq., 174, 186, with note 5, 187 n. 1, 188 sq., 190

Swastika, i. 122 n. 1

Sweden, May-pole or Midsummer-tree in, i. 250;

Midsummer bride and bridegroom in, 251;

kings of, answerable for the fertility of the ground, ii. 220;

marriage custom in, to ensure the birth of a boy, 262

“Sweethearts of St. John” in Sardinia, i. 244 sq.

See also Pigs

Sword, girls married to a, i. 61

Sycamore, effigy of Osiris placed on boughs of, ii. 88, 110;

sacred to Osiris, 110

Syene (Assuan), inscriptions at, ii. 35 n. 1

Symbolism, coarse, of Osiris and Dionysus, ii. 112, 113

turning money at the new moon in, ii. 149

Syrian god Hadad, i. 15

—— peasants believe that women can conceive without sexual intercourse, i. 91

—— women apply to saints for offspring, i. 109

—— writer on the reasons for assigning Christmas to the twenty-fifth of December, i. 304 sq.

Tâ-uz (Tammuz), mourned by Syrian women in Harran, i. 230

Taanach, burial of children in jars at, i. 109 n. 1

Tacitus as to German observation of the moon, ii. 141

Taenarum in Laconia, Poseidon worshipped at, i. 203 n. 2

Talaga Bodas, volcano in Java, i. 204

Talbot, P. Amaury, on self-mutilation, i. 270 n. 1

Talismans, crowns and wreaths as, ii. 242 sq.

Tamarisk, sacred to Osiris, ii. 110 sq.

Tami, the, of German New Guinea, their theory of earthquakes, i. 198

Tamil temples, dancing-girls in, i. 61

Tamirads, diviners, i. 42

Tammuz, i. 6 sqq.;

equivalent to Adonis, 6 n. 1;

his worship of Sumerian origin, 7 sq.;

meaning of the name, 8;

“true son of the deep water,” 8, 246;

laments for, 9 sq.;

the month of, 10 n. 1, 230;

mourned for at Jerusalem, 11, 17, 20;

as a corn-spirit, 230;

his bones ground in a mill and scattered to the wind, 230

—— and Ishtar, i. 8 sq.

Tangkul Nagas of Assam, their annual festival of the dead, ii. 57 sqq.

Tanjore, dancing-girls at, i. 61

Tantalus murders his son Pelops, i. 181

Tark, Tarku, Trok, Troku, syllables in names of Cilician priests, i. 144;

perhaps the name of a Hittite deity, 147;

perhaps the name of the god of Olba, 148, 165

Tarkimos, priest of Corycian Zeus, i. 145

Tarkondimotos, name of two Cilician kings, i. 145 n. 2

Tarkuaris, priest of Corycian Zeus, i. 145;

priestly king of Olba, 145

Tarkudimme or Tarkuwassimi, name on Hittite seal, i. 145 n. 2

Tarkumbios, priest of Corycian Zeus, i. 145

Tarsus, climate and fertility of, i. 118;

school of philosophy at, 118;

Sandan and Baal at, 142 sq., 161;

priesthood of Hercules at, 143;

Fortune of the City on coins of, 164;

divine triad at, 171

——, the Baal of, i. 117 sqq., 162 sq.

——, Sandan of, i. 124 sqq.

Tat or tatu pillar. See Ded pillar

Tate, H. R., on serpent-worship, i. 85

Tattoo-marks of priests, i. 74 n. 4

Taurians of the Crimea, their use of the heads of prisoners, i. 294

Taurobolium in the rites of Cybele, i. 274 sqq.;

or Tauropolium, 275 n. 1

Taurus mountains, i. 120