THE SEA
THE SEA
COPYRIGHT, 1908, BY RUDOLF EICKEMEYER
The gulls appear to enjoy some favoritism, as though they were kin to
the sea—its very own. To them it is altogether friendly; they find
it always congenial. Whether the breeze blows north or south, it is
all the same. In the last gale it was next to impossible to keep one's
feet in the full force of the wind, but the gulls sustained themselves
with ease. Over the gray-green sea the clouds appeared to rest like a
cowl. The thunder of the waves drowned all else and shut one off from
the world; consciousness was swallowed up in the din and tumult. In
vast mountainous billows the swirling waters rushed for the shore and
dissolved in spray. I stood in the lee of the rocks, bracing myself
against the gale—a reed shaken by the wind—and saw flocks of coots
riding at ease in the maelstrom beyond. Always facing the wind, they
sank into the troughs and rose again, were lost to view as the crests
broke over them, and reappeared in the old position. Ships would have
dragged their anchors where these coots rode at ease, anchored by
heaven knows what power.
Where the surf broke with its terrible thunder, countless crabs,
urchins, starfish and whelk reposed in the rockweed and Irish moss.
Were they aware of the storm? Did the anemones shut their doors or open
them wider in view of a feast?
The marvelous pools in which they live have no resemblance to the
surface of the sea, but suggest the bottom of the deep—limpid, dark
and still. Each is a world by itself, inhabited by a strange order of
beings: dull nomads, which drift with the waves, or cling, they know
not how, to something, they know not what. If there is any event in
their life it is the rise of the tide. In all likelihood they do not
know our day and night, are not impressed by these phenomena; but the
flood is their day, the ebb their night. Small whelk stud the rich
background of sea-mosses like precious stones, some gamboge, some
orange, others white as marble or banded with black. There are colonies
of sertularia tinted a delicate mauve, solitary sea-urchins of
heliotrope, and starfish, some luminous pink, others deep rose-madder.
These hues are characteristic of sea life, as of lichens and mushrooms
and the lower orders in general; not crude colors, red and blue, but
delicate gradations. Now and again a single jellyfish, stranded by the
receding tide, a spectral diaphanous creature, hovers ghostlike in the
liquid atmosphere of his strange world. It is all of an antediluvian
and prehistoric character, associated with the beginning of
things—with an age of fishes rather than an age of man. The deathless
sea takes no note of the flight of time; it still brings forth only
brood upon brood of slimy, goggle-eyed things.
What a harvest, this of the sea! After a storm all craft put out. The
lobstermen in their dories take in the lobster-pots and replenish the
bait, while the dory rises and sinks on the long swells. Fleets of
mackerel boats and schooners bound for the Banks after cod and haddock
creep along the horizon-line. On the beach men rake up the Irish moss,
flung ashore in the storm, and spread it on old sails to bleach in the
sun. Others haul kelp for the fields, while women gather driftwood. So
great a resource is the ocean; so many gleaners there are.
The sea is humanized and redeemed somewhat by the presence of these
workers. It is agreeable to reflect that while it nourishes them, they
in turn do not mar it. Man communicates the character of his mind and
aims to the landscape; enriches it by his labor on the farm, and
disfigures it again in a thousand ways, till it is as barren and sordid
as his own thoughts. But upon the deep he makes no impression. It is
virgin ever. It overpowers him by its stern music—lifts him for a
time a little above the sordid and commonplace. The sailor ashore is
not the same man he is out there. He must needs have courage, for he
must meet the sea. Portuguese, Swedes, Finns—poor stuff for poems in
their sailor boarding-houses ashore. But hear how they face the winter
gales. Learn the actual experience which makes up that life. The sea
invests the poorest, meanest man with heroic qualities. That is his
stage; there he looms large. Oil-skins and sou'wester are but his
make-up.
I take home a piece of driftwood, for no ordinary fire, but to kindle
the imagination, for it is saturated with memories and carries with it
the enchantment of the sea. To light this is to set in motion a sort of
magic-play. True driftwood has been seasoned by the waters and
mellowed by the years. Not any piece of a lobster-pot, or pleasure
yacht, or, for that matter, of any modern craft at all is driftwood. It
must have come from the timber of a vessel built in the olden time when
copper bolts were used, so that the wood is impregnated with copper
salts. That is merely the chemistry of it. The wood is saturated with
sunshine and moonlight as well, with the storms and calms of the
sea—its passions, its subtle moods; more than this, it absorbed of the
human life whose destiny was involved with the vessel—the tragedy, the
woe. It had two lives—a forest life and a sea life. By force of
tragedy alone it became driftwood. Winter and summer the sea sang its
brave songs over the boat and chanted her requiem at last as she lay on
the ledge. This fragment drifted ashore out of the wreck of a vessel,
out of the wreck of great hopes, out of the passion of the sea.
Driftwood, then, is to be lighted in a spirit of reverence. No ordinary
blaze, rather is it an altar fire to Poseidon, to whom were immolated
the victims; to Aphrodite born of the waves. Rather is it the funeral
pyre of a sea-bird, now to rise again from its ashes. It is not to warm
the hands, this magic sea-fire, which has borrowed the emerald and
sapphire and azure of the waters and reflects still the phosphorescent
gleam which lay in the wake of the vessel, but to kindle some feeling
and to nurture vague dreams. To set match to this pyre is to invoke the
spirit of the deep, to hear the crooning of some distant surf, the
hissing of the fretful spray; to conjure up again the wondrous opaline
sea.
Somewhere on this phantom ocean rides a phantom bark with all sails
set, which reflect, now a rose-pink, now the faintest imaginable golden
sheen, and disappear in the dusk. Perchance there flits over the mind a
haunting recollection of that lost sea of childhood—that sea of virgin
impressions—to vanish also into the dusk of oblivion.
- Abdomen, 86, 95, 105.
- Acorns, 120, 142, 160, 161.
- Acquired tendency, 97.
- Adder's-tongue, 20, 61, 67.
- Æolus, 64.
- Afterglow, 194.
- Age, 201.
- Agelessness, 201.
- Age of fishes, 204.
- Air-sac, 18, 19, 77.
- Alaska sable, 150.
- Alders, 14, 20, 50, 120, 162, 164, 168.
- Alpine woodsia, 67, 170.
- Alps, 154.
- Altar fire, 207.
- Amanita, 115, 126.
- Amazon, 25.
- Aments, 14.
- Andromeda, 168.
- Anemones, 1, 13, 20, 21, 59, 61, 67, 203.
- Animals, 136-138, 142, 146, 187, 189, 191, 192.
- Antennæ, 52, 101, 103.
- Anthers, 78.
- Ant hill, 94, 108.
- Ants, 4, 88, 91, 94-107, 109, 111, 112, 145.
- Aphid, 100, 101, 112.
- Aphrodite, 207.
- Apis, 78.
- Apple, wild, 148.
- April, 142, 169.
- Arachne, 78.
- Arbutus, 20, 60, 121.
- Arctic, 131.
- Arctic Circle, 23.
- Armies, 102, 107, 111.
- Ash, 66, 124.
- Aspen, 7, 123.
- Aspens, 181, 182.
- Asters, 71, 122.
- August, 113, 114, 117, 134.
- Autumn, 20, 45, 51, 72, 92, 118, 119, 122, 125, 134, 135, 144, 152, 157, 166, 196.
- Audubon hermit-thrush, 190.
- Avalanches, 182.
- Balsam, 3, 6, 57, 66, 68.
- Bamboos, 117.
- Banks, the, 205.
- Barberry, 3, 58, 124.
- Bare branches, 126.
- Bark, 157, 158.
- Barn-swallows, 26.
- Basalt, 59.
- Battle, 102.
- Battlefield, 103.
- Bayberry, 3, 118, 127.
- Beach, 76, 132, 183, 196, 197, 205.
- Bear, 193.
- Beech, 126, 156, 157, 186.
- Beechnuts, 145, 160.
- Bees, 30, 31, 51, 55-57, 60, 67, 78-80, 82, 83, 89, 182.
- Beetles, 34, 35, 150.
- Bee-tree, 67.
- Beggar-ticks, 121.
- Bellworts, 21, 62.
- Bent grass, 57.
- Berkshires, 185.
- Berries, 113, 114, 126, 161.
- Bighorn, 178.
- Big tree, 186.
- Billows, 203.
- Bindweed, 69.
- Birch, 12, 32, 33, 57, 90, 117, 120, 123, 157, 158, 186.
- Black alders, 168.
- Black-and-white creepers, 39, 40.
- Black ant, 91, 96, 102, 104-110.
- Blackberries, 2, 63, 75, 118, 123, 148.
- Black birch, 117, 158.
- Blackcap raspberries, 146.
- Black cherry, 158.
- Black colonies, 4.
- Black-headed grosbeak, 182.
- Black oak, 157.
- Blacksnakes, 155.
- Black-throated blue warbler, 66.
- Black-throated green warblers, 40.
- Bloodroot, 20, 21, 60.
- Blueberry, 11, 12, 64, 113, 159.
- Bluebird, 1, 13, 14, 34, 41, 114, 117.
- Blue-headed vireo, 8.
- Bluets, 20, 57.
- Blue violets, 20.
- Boat, 207.
- Bobolink, 24, 43.
- Bob-white, 24, 42, 70, 160-162.
- Bog, 56, 57, 122, 165, 168.
- Bog-rush, 57.
- Bokhara, 126.
- Boleti, 116.
- Bombus, 78.
- Boulders, 6, 57, 91, 94, 122, 127-135, 140, 181.
- Bouncing-bet, 56.
- Brakes, 122.
- Brazil, 24.
- Briers, 147, 148.
- Brook, 61, 138, 168-171.
- Broom-moss, 117.
- Brown ants, 109, 111, 112.
- Brown hackle, 195.
- Brush, 90.
- Bryum, 117.
- Buckwheat, 145.
- Bulldogs, 102.
- Bullfrogs, 114.
- Bumblebee, 67, 78, 80.
- Bunchberry, 67.
- Bunchberries, 113.
- Burdock, 59, 63, 73.
- Bur-reeds, 152.
- Burrow, 16, 155.
- Burs, 121.
- Buttercup, 57.
- Buttercup seed, 145.
- Butterflies, 55, 93.
- Butterfly-weed, 72.
- Butternut, 3, 66, 121.
- Buttes, 183.
- Button-bushes, 164, 165.
- Byroads, 71, 73.
- Caches, 125.
- Calms, 207.
- Camp, 189-192.
- Canada, 66, 130.
- Canada thistle, 75.
- Canada violet, 62.
- Cañons, 180-182, 185, 189, 192.
- Cañon-wren, 180, 182.
- Capsules, 119.
- Captivity, 112.
- Cardinal, 47.
- Carolina wren, 47.
- Carpenter-bees, 30.
- Carrot, 63, 66, 74.
- Cascade, 185.
- Cassandra, 168.
- Cat, 27.
- Catbird, 30, 44-46, 49.
- Catbrier, 118, 148.
- Caterpillars, 92, 93.
- Catkins, 13.
- Cattails, 38, 150, 152.
- Cedar, 34.
- Cedars, 186.
- Cells, 82, 83.
- Cetraria, 159.
- Ceylon, 117.
- Chalcid fly, 82, 83, 92.
- Chant, 46, 47, 169, 191, 198.
- Chaos, 201.
- Chaparral, 190.
- Checkerberry, 80.
- Cherry, 2, 3, 64, 66, 113, 158.
- Chestnut-bur, 121.
- Chestnuts, 121, 145.
- Chestnut warbler, 26, 39.
- Chewink, 41.
- Chickadee, 41, 47, 158, 159, 166.
- Chickory, 74.
- Chipmunk, 15, 136, 139, 140, 144, 145, 155.
- Chipping-sparrow, 37, 38, 118.
- Chirping, 53.
- Christmas fern, 158.
- Christmas green, 158.
- Cicada, 50, 53.
- Cinnamon fern, 122.
- Cinquefoil, 57.
- Cirque, 181.
- City, 189.
- Cladonia, 126, 159.
- Claw, 86.
- Clearing, 190.
- Clethra, 80, 148, 168.
- Cliff, 66, 67, 132, 169, 174, 179-183.
- Cliff-brake, 170.
- Clintonia, 1, 57, 113, 114.
- Cloud, 173, 174, 180, 183, 194, 200.
- Clover, 57, 71.
- Club-mosses, 158.
- Coast Range, 186.
- Cocoa-bean, 72.
- Cocoons, 93, 95, 96.
- Cod, 205.
- Colony, 94, 95, 97, 99, 102, 107-111.
- Columbines, 21, 66, 67, 121.
- Column, 104-106, 110, 111.
- Combat, 103.
- Companionship, 10, 173.
- Competition, 69.
- Cones, 125, 158, 162, 163, 186.
- Conifers, 158, 185, 186.
- Coniferous, 141.
- Connecticut Valley, 21.
- Constellations, 130.
- Coon, 149.
- Coots, 124, 203.
- Copper salts, 206.
- Co-operation, 98.
- Corridors, 95.
- Cotton-fields, 47.
- Cottontail, 126.
- Court of the Winds, 163.
- Coves, 200.
- Cow-bell, 177.
- Cowbird, 36-38.
- Coyotes, 191.
- Crabs, 203.
- Cranberry-bog, 57.
- Crane's-bill, 65.
- Creek, 169.
- Creepers, 39, 159.
- Crest, 203.
- Crickets, 51, 52, 54, 72.
- Crop, 128.
- Crossbills, 24, 162, 163.
- Crow, 16, 17.
- Crystals, 133.
- Cuckoo, 31.
- Curlew, 23.
- Cyperus, 114.
- Daghestan, 126.
- Daisies, 59, 66.
- Dandelions, 70, 71, 131, 135.
- Dawn, 45, 47, 191-194.
- Daybreak, 192.
- Death-song, 55.
- Deep, 204, 205, 207.
- Deer, 138, 156, 192.
- Dell, 80.
- Desert, 131, 183, 198, 199.
- Deserters, 107.
- Devonian, 5.
- Dexterity, 188.
- Dicentra, 20, 59, 170.
- Dicksonia, 59, 122.
- Dodder, 69.
- Dog, 136.
- Dog-days, 87, 114, 122.
- Dogwood, 30, 58, 157.
- Dory, 205.
- Douglas spruce, 185.
- Doves, 7.
- Downy woodpecker, 159.
- Downy yellow violets, 21.
- Driftwood, 205-207.
- Dromedary, 132.
- Drumming, 16.
- Dwarf-sumac, 80, 124.
- Earthquake, 182.
- Earth-spirit, 130.
- East wind, 198.
- Ebb-tide, 200, 204.
- Echo, 190.
- Edible, 115.
- Eggs, 81, 82, 84, 85, 91, 93, 99, 105, 110, 112, 121, 132, 160.
- Egypt, 131.
- Elder, 63.
- Elm, 20, 30, 163, 186.
- Elysian fields, 71.
- English pheasant, 42.
- Epithalamium, 54.
- Erigone, 88.
- Erythronium, 1, 20.
- Europe, 70.
- Eurydice, 179.
- Evolution, 97.
- Exodus, 101, 109, 110.
- Face of the waters, 199.
- Fall, 151.
- Fall dandelions, 71.
- False hellebore, 68.
- Farm, 128.
- Faulting, 179.
- Faun, 49, 126, 159.
- February, 140.
- Feeding-grounds, 152.
- Feldspar, 134.
- Fern, 57, 131, 158.
- Fern moss, 68, 117.
- Fields, 22, 42, 43, 48, 57, 59, 71, 72, 74, 76, 79, 115, 127-129, 205.
- Field-sparrow, 1, 43, 118.
- Filaments, 78.
- Finch, 18, 190.
- Fir, 185, 186.
- Fire, 192-194.
- Fireweed, 75.
- Fish, 77, 192.
- Fisherman, 171.
- Flight, 88, 98-100, 120.
- Flood, 204.
- Florida, 25.
- Fly, 78, 86.
- Flycatcher, 37, 119.
- Fog, 173, 183, 184, 194.
- Forest, 34, 42, 44, 56, 62, 65, 78, 82, 100, 117, 136, 163, 178, 181, 185, 187-193, 195.
- Forest cathedrals, 186.
- Food plant, 112.
- Foreglow, 194.
- Formica pennsylvanica, 102.
- Formicary, 97, 99.
- Fox, 148, 149, 156.
- Fox-sparrows, 16.
- Freedom, 112, 177, 201.
- Frogs, 18, 19, 51, 114, 144, 155.
- Fossils, 131.
- Fronds, 159.
- Frost, 129, 135, 181.
- Frost-grapes, 2, 113.
- Fruit, 65, 72, 76.
- Fungus, 114, 147.
- Funeral pyre, 207.
- Gale, 203.
- Galleries, 95, 96.
- Garden, 56, 58, 59, 65, 67, 69, 70, 169, 170.
- Garden escapes, 56.
- Gentians, 114.
- Glacial times, 130.
- Glacier, 129, 131, 133, 135, 181, 182.
- Gleaners, 205.
- Glen, 138-140, 143, 150, 151, 169, 170.
- Gneiss, 169.
- Goldenrod, 71, 78, 80, 122.
- Goldfinch, 162.
- Gold thread, 26, 63.
- Gorge, 80, 178, 180.
- Granite, 6, 59, 60, 130, 132, 134, 135, 159, 175, 180, 187, 199.
- Granite domes, 185.
- Grape, 52, 126.
- Grass, 57, 64, 65, 70, 71, 76, 87, 108, 131, 139.
- Grasshoppers, 54, 145, 155.
- Grass roots, 152.
- Grass seed, 145.
- Gray squirrels, 120, 139, 140-142.
- Greece, 186.
- Greenland, 129, 185.
- Green-tailed towhee, 182.
- Grosbeak, 47, 182.
- Groundnut, 21, 169.
- Ground-pine, 158.
- Grouse, 24, 156.
- Grove, 17.
- Grubs, 92, 121.
- Gulls, 202, 203.
- Hackle, 195.
- Haddock, 205.
- Hair-cap moss, 12, 57, 117, 119.
- Hardwoods, 30.
- Hawk, 34, 42, 161.
- Hawkweed, 28.
- Hay-scented fern, 131.
- Hegira, 89.
- Hemlocks, 56, 81, 126, 140.
- Hepatica, 20, 60, 129.
- Hermit-thrush, 8, 16, 43, 44, 190.
- Hickory, 7, 121, 123, 124, 128.
- Highhole, 15, 16.
- Highroads, 73.
- Highways, 56, 100.
- Hillocks, 59.
- Hills, 94, 109, 167, 173, 177, 180, 194.
- Himalaya, 117.
- Hive, 80.
- Home-trees, 30.
- Honey bees, 67, 79, 80.
- Hop-hornbeam, 119, 157.
- Horse, 131, 177.
- Horsetails, 12.
- Host, 93.
- Houseleek, 77.
- House-sparrow, 31.
- House-wren, 30.
- Hound, 143.
- Huber, 112.
- Huckleberries, 26, 99, 123, 145.
- Humming-bird, 28, 29, 67.
- Humus, 125.
- Hunter stage, 189.
- Hunters, 102.
- Hunting expedition, 110.
- Hunting-ground, 111.
- Huts, muskrat, 150-152.
- Hyla, 18-20, 51.
- Ice, 129, 130, 151, 152, 155, 162, 167, 168, 181.
- Ichneumons, 93.
- Icicles, 135, 167.
- Immigrants, 70.
- Independence, 188.
- Indian, 187, 188.
- Indian paint-brush, 181.
- Indian-pipe, 80, 81.
- Indian summer, 88, 126.
- Instinct, 188.
- Invasion, 104.
- Irish moss, 203, 205.
- Iron weed, 73.
- Jack-in-the-pulpit, 62.
- Java, 117.
- Jaws, 86, 91, 103, 142.
- Jay, 45, 120, 160, 161.
- Jellyfish, 204.
- Jimson-weed, 73.
- Joepye-weed, 73, 122.
- Juncos, 162.
- June, 161.
- Jungle, 117, 130, 131, 168.
- Juniper, 127.
- Kelp, 205.
- Kidnapping, 107.
- Kingfisher, 32.
- Kinglet, 1, 5, 48, 49, 159, 170.
- Laborers, 108.
- Lady's-slipper, 1.
- Lake, 75, 181.
- Lake basins, 181.
- Lance-leaved violets, 21.
- Larvæ, 82, 83, 105, 106, 110, 121.
- Laurel, 59.
- Lava, 59.
- Lava-flow, 182.
- Lazuli-finch, 190.
- Leaf bud, 160.
- Least flycatcher, 37.
- Ledge, 5, 6, 31, 33, 80, 129, 132, 134, 159, 164, 178, 181, 187, 207.
- Leopard-frog, 19.
- Lichens, 6, 26, 57, 117, 127, 133, 134, 159, 204.
- Lily, 61, 190.
- Lily-pads, 114, 166, 168.
- Limestone, 59.
- Lobstermen, 205.
- Lobster-pots, 205, 206.
- Locusts, 51, 52.
- Long-spurred violets, 20.
- Loon, 48.
- Love-song, 18, 44, 45, 50.
- Lubbock, 112.
- Lumbermen, 163.
- Luster, 158.
- Lynx, 193.
- Mackerel boats, 205.
- Magnolia warbler, 66.
- Mallow, 122.
- Mandrake, 1.
- Mango, 72.
- Maple, 19, 20, 26, 45, 59, 66, 101, 117, 120, 124-126, 134, 135, 157, 186.
- Maple-leaved viburnum, 124.
- Marble, 134.
- Marriage flight, 98.
- Marshes, 122.
- Marsh-marigold, 20.
- Martin, 22.
- Maryland yellow-throat, 37.
- Massachusetts, 21.
- Mastodon, 121.
- Meadow-ants, 102.
- Meadow-lark, 1.
- Meadow-mouse, 150.
- Meadows, 43, 56, 67, 168, 182.
- Meadow sweet, 80.
- Medeola, 62.
- Mertensia, 183.
- Mesa, 177.
- Mica, 134.
- Mice, 139.
- Milking, 101.
- Milkweeds, 72.
- Mink, 139, 140, 142, 149, 151.
- Minstrelsy, 48.
- Mint, 1.
- Mirage, 198.
- Mist, 75, 76, 170, 180, 183.
- Mitchella, 126.
- Miterworts, 21, 32.
- Mitla, 179.
- Mixed flocks, 8.
- Mniums, 117.
- Mocking-bird, 49.
- Mole, 150.
- Mollusks, 23.
- Monkey, 121.
- Moon, 129, 201, 202.
- Moosewood, 157.
- Moraine, 59, 130, 181.
- Morning-star, 193.
- Mosses, 12, 57, 68, 82, 116, 117, 134.
- Mother ants, 98.
- Moths, 93, 190.
- Mountain-ash, 66.
- Mountain-goat, 100.
- Mountain-holly, 113.
- Mountain-maple, 66.
- Mountains, 56-58, 65, 66, 68, 119, 164, 173-177, 179, 181, 183, 184, 190, 201, 202.
- Mountain stream, 169, 177, 178.
- Mountain thoughts, 178.
- Mouse, 35, 119.
- Mud-dauber, 84.
- Mullein, 63, 74.
- Mushrooms, 114-116, 204.
- Muskrats, 150-152.
- Myrtle warbler, 66.
- Natural history, 97.
- Nebulæ, 201.
- Negroes, 104, 105, 107, 111.
- Nest, 26-29, 31-34, 36-38, 41, 45, 66, 84, 95, 96, 102, 104-111, 190.
- New England, 6, 11, 127, 130, 169.
- New Jersey, 21.
- New York, 130.
- Night, 190, 200.
- Non-conformity, 179.
- North, 127.
- November, 152.
- Nuthatch, 40, 159.
- Nuts, 142.
- Nymph, 126, 157, 159, 192.
- Oaks, 5, 7, 8, 58, 89, 120, 126, 154, 157, 159, 186.
- Ocean, 183, 197, 199-201, 205, 207.
- October, 114, 123, 166.
- Oil-skins, 206.
- Olympus, 176.
- Opal, 199.
- Open, the, 153, 166.
- Orache, 77.
- Orchards, 30, 34, 71.
- Orchis, 168.
- Oregon snowbird, 190.
- Orinoco, 25.
- Oriole, 5, 25, 30, 117.
- Ornithologist, 118.
- Orphean strain, 119.
- Orpheus, 178.
- Osmunda, 13, 123, 124.
- Outlaws, 148.
- Ouzel, 178.
- Owl, 27, 31, 34, 35, 148, 192.
- Paint-brush, 181.
- Painted trillium, 62.
- Paleozoic reptiles, 131.
- Panther, 201.
- Pappus, 38, 75.
- Papyrus, 180.
- Parasite, 157.
- Parmelia, 57, 133, 159.
- Parnassus, 119.
- Partridgeberries, 160.
- Parula warbler, 8.
- Pastoral stage, 102.
- Pasture, 15, 22, 25, 56-58, 64, 72-74, 76, 88, 113, 127, 128, 135, 155.
- Pasture mushroom, 115.
- Pasture stones, 57, 94, 118, 127, 128, 131, 132, 134.
- Patagonia, 23.
- Peak, 174, 185.
- Peat-moss, 117.
- Pebbles, 132.
- Pedata violets, 60.
- Persia, 154.
- Personality, 43.
- Petal, 130, 167.
- Pewees, 26, 46, 50, 118, 119.
- Pheasant, 42.
- Phœbe, 18, 31, 56, 119.
- Pickerel-frogs, 114.
- Pickerel-weed, 74.
- Pignut, 142.
- Pigweed, 69.
- Pileus, 114.
- Pine, 5, 7, 9, 17, 28, 30, 40, 65, 78, 123, 125, 142, 154, 158, 162-164, 166, 168, 181, 183, 185-187, 191.
- Pine-needles, 7, 126, 147, 153.
- Pine-siskins, 162.
- Pine-warbler, 40.
- Pinnæ, 159.
- Pipes of Pan, 48.
- Piping, 18.
- Pipsissewa, 80.
- Pistillate, 79.
- Pitcher-plant, 13.
- Pitch-pine, 28, 166.
- Planets, 132.
- Plantain, 64.
- Plant-fiber, 26.
- Planting, 65.
- Plant life, 69.
- Plover, 22, 24.
- Pod, 72, 73, 75.
- Poison-ivy, 123, 124.
- Poison sumac, 68.
- Pokeweed, 72.
- Pollen, 14, 65, 71, 79, 81, 119.
- Pollen-basket, 79.
- Pollen-bearing, 64.
- Pollen-grains, 79.
- Polyporus, 57.
- Polypody, 159.
- Pond, 19, 74, 124, 148, 150-152, 162, 164-167.
- Pool, 165, 167, 170, 171, 179, 203.
- Poplar, 20.
- Porphyry, 180.
- Porters, 108.
- Poseidon, 207.
- Poverty-grass, 76.
- Prairie, 65.
- Precipice, 169, 180, 182.
- Protective coloration, 146, 187.
- Puffballs, 116, 128.
- Pumpkins, 79.
- Pupa, 82, 83, 95, 96, 104-106, 108-111.
- Pupa-cases, 95.
- Purple finch, 18.
- Purslane, 69.
- Pussy-willows, 13.
- Queen bumblebee, 80, 81.
- Queen mother, 82.
- Queens, 98, 99, 105, 108.
- Quartz, 134.
- Rabbit, 136, 139, 145-149.
- Racemes, 190.
- Ragweed, 69, 70, 155, 161.
- Raid, 104, 106-109.
- Rainbow, 182.
- Rain, 130.
- Range, 173, 177, 189, 194.
- Rapids, 171, 178, 179.
- Raspberries, 146.
- Ravine, 66, 123, 169, 170, 177, 178.
- Red ants, 4, 102, 104-110, 112.
- Red cherry, 66.
- Red clover, 71.
- Redeye, 37, 50, 62, 118, 119.
- Red maple, 20, 126.
- Red owl, 34.
- Redpolls, 24, 162.
- Red-shouldered hawk, 161.
- Red squirrel, 125, 139-141.
- Redtop, 64.
- Redwing, 15, 31.
- Redwood, 186.
- Reindeer lichens, 57.
- Reptiles, 132.
- Requiem, 54, 207.
- Resourcefulness, 188.
- Reverie, 72, 182.
- Ribbon-snake, 157.
- Ripple marks, 5.
- Roads, 76.
- Robin, 4, 15, 34, 44-46, 143.
- Rock-brake, 67.
- Rockies, 176, 182, 183.
- Rock-maple, 59.
- Rocks, 179, 180, 183, 199, 203.
- Rockweed, 77, 203.
- Rome, 131.
- Rose, 31, 59, 63, 64, 72, 118, 130, 131, 148.
- Rose-breasted grosbeak, 47.
- Rose-mallow, 122.
- Rose pogonia, 168.
- Round-leaved spurge, 76.
- Ruby kinglet, 48, 170.
- Rue-anemone, 20.
- Ruffed grouse, 24, 156.
- Runways, 148.
- Rush, 57.
- Russula, 116.
- Saga, 198.
- Sailor, 206.
- Salt-licks, 192.
- Sand, 197.
- Sandpiper, 124.
- Sandstone, 59, 179, 180, 182.
- Sand-wasp, 89.
- Sanity, 187.
- Saplings, 154, 185.
- Sapphire, 199.
- Sapsucker, 33.
- Sassafras, 3.
- Satyr, 49, 159.
- Savage, 188.
- Savin, 113, 127.
- Saxifrage, 20, 170.
- Scapes, 71.
- Scarlet oak, 126.
- Schist, 169.
- Schooners, 205.
- Scorpions, 95.
- Sculpins, 77.
- Sea, 77, 132, 133, 164, 165, 168, 175, 179, 182, 183, 187, 196-208.
- Sea-bird, 207.
- Sea-fire, 207.
- Sea life, 204.
- Sea-mosses, 204.
- Sea-shells, 77, 197.
- Sea-urchins, 203, 204.
- Sedge, 150, 152.
- Sedge roots, 152.
- Sediment, 179.
- Seed, 64, 65, 70, 75, 119, 120, 125, 135, 145, 161-163.
- Seed-carrying, 64.
- Seedlings, 121.
- Self-effacement, 187.
- Sense of the sea, 196.
- Sensitive fern, 57.
- September, 118, 122.
- Sequoia, 185-187.
- Serpent, 106.
- Sertularia, 204.
- Shadbush, 64, 123, 124.
- Shale, 5.
- Shelf fungus, 114, 146.
- Shellbark, 157.
- Shield-fern, 159.
- Shinleaf, 80.
- Shooting-star, 183.
- Shore, 198, 202, 203.
- Shrews, 139.
- Shrilling, 19, 53.
- Sierra Nevada, 185, 189.
- Silence, 187, 191.
- Silver fir, 185, 186.
- Silver-rod, 113.
- Simplicity, 188.
- Sky, 165, 171, 191, 194, 198, 199.
- Skunk, 149, 155.
- Skunk-cabbage, 11, 122.
- Slave-making ant, 112.
- Slavery, 106.
- Slaves, 104, 108-112.
- Smilax, 12, 30, 113, 117.
- Snakes, 143, 155.
- Snipe, 22.
- Snow, 70, 140, 141, 147, 152-156, 160, 161, 166, 181.
- Snowbird, 27, 66, 190.
- Snow-buntings, 22, 24.
- Snowflakes, 8, 22, 133, 153, 165.
- Snow-storm, 153.
- Socialism, 96.
- Social wasp, 86, 89.
- Solitary wasps, 89.
- Solitude, 177, 188.
- Solomon's-seal, 62.
- Song, 18-20, 31, 32, 41-43, 45-51, 53, 55, 67, 119, 138, 161, 163, 168-170, 178, 190, 198.
- Song-birds, 189.
- Song-sparrows, 17, 31, 45, 50.
- Sorrel, 57.
- Sou'wester, 206.
- Spagnum, 68, 122, 168.
- Sparrows, 16, 17, 31, 37, 38, 42, 43, 45, 46, 50, 70, 118, 155, 162.
- Spatter-docks, 152.
- Speedwells, 57.
- Spicebush, 58, 170.
- Spider, 29, 51, 65, 78, 83-89, 117.
- Spider's egg, 160.
- Spider-web, 64, 84.
- Spinnerets, 85, 88, 89.
- Spinning, 84, 88, 93.
- Spores, 119.
- Spray, 203, 207.
- Spring, 11-14, 17, 21, 24, 45, 50, 51, 68, 112, 114, 119, 144, 157, 170.
- Spring beauty, 1, 20, 61, 169.
- Spruce, 6, 32, 57, 66, 67, 181, 182, 185, 186.
- Spur, 174.
- Spurge, 76.
- Spurred violets, 169.
- Squirrels, 42, 120, 121, 125, 139-142, 156, 187.
- Stag-horn sumac, 123.
- Stamens, 78.
- Starfish, 203, 204.
- Star of Bethlehem, 56.
- Stars, 128.
- Stinging ants, 95.
- St.-John's-wort, 63, 114, 149.
- Storm, 205, 206.
- Strand, 85, 89.
- Strata, 179.
- Strawberries, 57.
- Stream, 48-50, 67, 169, 170, 177, 178, 180-182, 187, 195.
- Stridulating, 54.
- Stumps, 114.
- Sugar-maple, 124.
- Sugar-pine, 185-187, 195.
- Sumac, 3, 15, 68, 80, 82, 83, 88, 123, 124.
- Summer, 60, 66, 67, 70, 71, 126, 152, 154, 168, 181, 207.
- Sunflowers, 59, 122.
- Sunrise, 194.
- Sunset, 194, 199.
- Surf, 7, 203, 207.
- Swallows, 19, 25, 26.
- Swamp milkweed, 72.
- Swamps, 13, 15, 18-20, 31, 40, 45, 47, 68, 73, 113, 114, 123, 125, 126, 134, 168.
- Swan-song, 163.
- Swarming, 98.
- Sweetbrier, 1.
- Sweet fern, 127.
- Swift, 22, 30.
- Sylvan, 49.
- Tabriz, 126.
- Tansy, 74.
- Temperament, 43.
- Temperate zone, 131.
- Tendency, 97.
- Tertiary animals, 131.
- Thaw, 135, 151, 168.
- Thicket, 16, 75, 118, 122.
- Thistle-down, 30, 64.
- Thistles, 59, 64, 74, 75, 135.
- Thorax, 86, 95, 102, 105.
- Thoreau, 177.
- Thrasher, 49.
- Thread, 84, 87, 88.
- Thrushes, 8, 9, 16, 30, 42-46, 48, 51, 62, 190.
- Thunder-storm, 182.
- Tide, 204.
- Tiger, 199.
- Timber, 181.
- Timbre, 200.
- Timothy, 64.
- Toads, 19, 50, 132, 155.
- Towhee, 182.
- Track, 148, 156, 161, 162.
- Trail, 177, 178, 183.
- Trail-horse, 177.
- Transmutations, 60.
- Tree ferns, 117.
- Tree-sparrows, 70, 155, 162.
- Tree-swallows, 19, 25.
- Tree-toads, 50, 52.
- Trillium, 62.
- Trough, 203.
- Trout, 172.
- Trout-rod, 195.
- Trunk, 141, 158, 185, 186, 188.
- Tufted titmouse, 47.
- Tulip trees, 58.
- Tupelo, 113, 124, 125, 134.
- Twilight, 192, 199.
- Twisted-stalk, 62.
- Twittering, 19.
- Undergrowth, 59.
- Upholsterer-bee, 82.
- Urchins, 203, 204.
- Veery, 44.
- Vespa, 78.
- Vessel, 206, 207.
- Vesuvius, 58.
- Viburnum, 113, 124.
- Violets, 13, 20, 21, 26, 57, 59, 60, 62, 129, 169.
- Vireos, 5, 8, 31, 36, 37, 93.
- Virginia creeper, 3, 71, 92, 123.
- Viscid drops, 86.
- Volcano, 58.
- Wake-robins, 67.
- Warblers, 5, 8, 21, 25-27, 31, 37, 39, 40, 66, 93, 118.
- Warriors, 102, 103, 108, 111.
- Wasps, 55, 78, 84-86, 89-91, 93.
- Waterfall, 67, 170.
- Water-thrush, 48.
- Waves, 76, 184, 198, 202-204, 207.
- Weasels, 27, 102, 136, 143, 149.
- Web, 64, 84, 85, 87.
- Weeds, 69, 70, 72-74, 76, 77.
- Weevil, 121.
- Whelk, 203, 204.
- White birch, 57, 90, 157, 186.
- Whitecaps, 199.
- White-fringed orchis, 168.
- White oak, 8, 120, 157, 186.
- White pines, 7, 125.
- White violets, 21, 26.
- Wickiup, 189, 190.
- Wigwam, 189.
- Wild animals, 136.
- Wild apple, 148.
- Wild gardens, 56, 58, 65, 182.
- Wild geese, 23.
- Wilderness, 34, 43, 48, 100, 142, 169, 189, 193.
- Wild, the, 137, 147, 179.
- Willows, 13, 20, 34, 64, 78, 148, 170.
- Winds, 49, 63-65, 71, 78, 84, 87, 89, 110, 117, 119, 125, 135, 153, 156, 165, 166, 168, 171, 181, 191, 198, 199, 203.
- Wings, 88, 89, 98, 99, 105, 112, 120, 125, 163.
- Winter, 11, 13, 14, 17, 22, 50, 66, 70, 82, 88, 112, 118, 122, 142, 144, 145, 154, 162, 166, 207.
- Winterberries, 168.
- Winter buds, 11.
- Winter gales, 157, 206.
- Wintergreen, 3.
- Winter music, 163.
- Winter visitants, 8.
- Winter walk, 156, 159.
- Winter woods, 157, 161.
- Winter wren, 49, 66, 119.
- Wireworm, 89.
- Witch-hazel, 58, 125, 145.
- Witch-grass, 64.
- Wolf, 136.
- Wood-anemones, 13, 20, 21, 67.
- Wood-betony, 21.
- Woodchuck, 15, 136, 143-145, 155, 166.
- Woodcraft, 136, 149.
- Woodland, 201.
- Woodland birds, 62.
- Woodland flowers, 61, 62, 67, 80.
- Wood life, 187.
- Wood-lilies, 113.
- Woodpecker, 34, 160.
- Wood-pewee, 118.
- Woods, 32, 38, 41-43, 47, 48, 52, 56, 61, 62, 67, 80, 104, 115, 122-124, 129, 136-138, 140-142, 147, 149, 153, 154, 157, 163, 165, 166, 185, 186.
- Woodsia, 67, 170.
- Woodsman, 187, 188, 193.
- Wood-sorrel, 63.
- Woodthrush, 30, 42, 46.
- Wordsworth, 173.
- Workers, 80, 81, 95, 99, 105, 108.
- Worm, 4, 15, 89-91.
- Wounded, 111.
- Wreck, 207.
- Wrens, 30, 31, 47, 49, 56, 66, 119, 181.
- Yapping, 191.
- Yellow ants, 94, 112.
- Yellow birch, 32, 158.
- Yellow pine, 6.
- Yellowpoll, 119.
- Yellow-throated vireo, 36.
- Yellow violets, 21.
- Yellow warbler, 31, 37.