The Project Gutenberg eBook of Pompeii, Its Life and Art, by August Mau.

Destruction wrought by the earthquake of 63 [p. 101]: this matter will be discussed in an early number of the Römische Mittheilungen.

CHAPTER XIII. THE SANCTUARY OF THE CITY LARES

Excavation (1817), remains: Fiorelli, Pomp. ant. hist., vol. 1, pt. 3, p. 196; Mazois, Les ruines de Pompéi, vol. 3, pp. 50-51, pl. 37; Nissen, Pomp. Studien, pp. 303-306.

Identification and restoration: Mau, Der Städtische Larentempel in Pompeji, Röm. Mitth., vol. 11 (1896), pp. 285-301.

CHAPTER XIV. THE TEMPLE OF VESPASIAN

Excavation (in 1817), remains, identification, restoration: Fiorelli, Pomp. ant. hist., vol. 1, pt. 3, p. 198; Mazois, Les ruines de Pompéi, vol. 4, pp. 33-36, pl. 12-15; Garrucci, L'Augusteum, la curia degli Augustales, il Chalcidicum, l'aedes Fortunae Augustae, Bullettino archeologico Napolitano, Nuova Serie, vol. 2 (1854), pp. 4-6, published also in his Questioni Pompeiane (Naples, 1853), pp. 74-79; Nissen, Pomp. Studien, pp. 270-275; Mau, Osservazioni sul creduto tempio del Genio di Augusto in Pompei, Atti della reale Accademia di Napoli, vol. 16 (1894), pp. 181-188; Weichardt, Pompeji vor der Zerstörung, pp. 95-101. For the restoration given in Fig. 46, see Mau, Der Tempel des Vespasian in Pompeii, Röm. Mitth., vol. 15 (1900), pp. 133-138.

CHAPTER XV. THE BUILDING OF EUMACHIA

Excavation (1814-1818): Fiorelli, Pomp. ant. hist., vol. 1, pt. 3, pp. 154-158, 195, 198, 210-213, vol. 2, pp. 7-19, vol. 3, pp. 6, 13, 16, 23.

Remains, identification, restoration: Bechi, Del calcidico e della cripta di Eumachia scavati nel Foro di Pompeji l'anno 1820 (Naples, 1820); Gell, Pompeiana (Edit. of 1832), vol. 1, pp. 13-26; Mazois, Les ruines di Pompéi, vol. 3, pp. 42-47, pl. 22-27; Nissen, Pomp. Studien, pp. 287-303. For the restorations given in the text, see Mau, Osservazioni sull' edifizio di Eumachia in Pompei, Röm. Mitth., vol. 7 (1892), pp. 113-143.

Inscriptions [pp. 111, 112]: C. I. L. X. 808-815.

Decoration [p. 111]: Mazois, Les ruines de Pompéi, vol. 3, pp. 45-46, pl. 26, 27; Mau, Geschichte der dec. Wandmalerei, pp. 334-335, 410, and pl. 10; Helbig, Wandgemälde, no. 1094 c.

CHAPTER XVI. THE COMITIUM

Remains, identification: Mazois, Les ruines de Pompéi, vol. 3, pp. 58-59; Nissen, Pomp. Studien, pp. 185-193; Overbeck-Mau, Pompeji, pp. 136-138.

CHAPTER XVII. THE MUNICIPAL BUILDINGS

Excavation (1814), remains, identification: Fiorelli, Pomp. ant. hist., vol. 1, pt. 3, pp. 154-159, vol. 2, p. 160; Mazois, Les ruines de Pompéi, vol. 3, p. 52, pl. 38; Nissen, Pomp. Studien, pp. 306-311; Overbeck-Mau, Pompeji, pp. 139-142.

CHAPTER XVIII. THE TEMPLE OF VENUS POMPEIANA

Excavation, remains, identification: Not. d. scavi, 1899, pp. 17-23, 1900, pp. 27-30. In these reports the temple is assigned to the worship of Augustus, the history of the building also being misunderstood. For a justification of the interpretation of the remains given in the text, see Mau, Der Tempel der Venus Pompeiana. Röm. Mitth., vol. 15 (1900), pp. 270-308 and pl. 7-8.

CHAPTER XIX. THE TEMPLE OF FORTUNA AUGUSTA

Excavation (1823-1824): Fiorelli, Pomp. ant. hist., vol. 2, pp. 84-85, 91, 95-98.

Remains, restoration: Mazois, Les ruines de Pompéi, vol. 4, pp. 45-48, pl. 24-26; Gell, Pompeiana (Edit. of 1832), vol. 1, pp. 69-82; Nissen, Pomp. Studien, pp. 178-184; Mau, Der Tempel der Fortuna Augusta in Pompeji, Röm. Mitth., vol. 11 (1896), pp. 269-284; Weichardt, Pompeji vor der Zerstörung, pp. 85-93.

Inscriptions [pp. 130, 132]: C. I. L. X. 820-828.

CHAPTER XX. THE FORUM TRIANGULARE AND THE GREEK TEMPLE

Excavation of the Forum and the temple (1767-1797): Fiorelli, Pomp. ant. hist., vol. 1, pt. 1, pp. 211, 276, 285, 286, 297, 307, 308, pt. 2, pp. 63-65.

Remains of the temple, restoration: Mazois, Les ruines de Pompéi, vol. 3, pp. 17-22, pl. 8-10. Especially attractive are the sketches and restorations given by Weichardt, Pompeji vor der Zerstörung, pp. 17-33, pl. 1, 2 (reproduced in our pl. 3), and 3. The best description of the remains of the temple is given by Koldewey and Puchstein, Die griechischen Tempel in Unteritalien und Sicilien (Berlin, 1899), pp. 45-49 and pl. 5; their conclusions are criticised by Mau, Röm. Mitth., vol. 15 (1900), pp. 126-128. See also von Duhn and Jacobi, Der griechische Tempel in Pompeji (Heidelberg, 1890); Sogliano, Il tempio nel Foro triangolare di Pompei, Mon. dei Lincei, vol. 1 (1890), pp. 189-200; both these contributions are reviewed by Mau, Röm. Mitth., vol. 6 (1891), pp. 258-267.

The colonnade contained ninety-five Doric columns [p. 135]: there were in addition two half-columns at the south end; Plan III in this respect is inexact. The number of columns is often given as one hundred.

Inscriptions of the sundial and the pedestal [p. 136]: C. I. L. X. 831, 832.

Number of columns in the temple front uneven [p. 137]: the steps are too broad for one intercolumniation, and must have been designed for two, as indicated in Fig. 62.

Human bones found in the enclosure [p. 139]: Romanelli, Viaggio a Pompei (1811), p. 104 (Edit. 2, 1817, p. 182), "Vi furono trovati molti avanzi di cadaveri sepolti." Excavations made here at the suggestion of Professor Mau brought to light few traces of bones.

Oscan inscription [p. 139]: Zvetaieff, Sylloge inscriptionum Oscarum (Leipzig, 1868), no. 69 and pl. 13; von Planta, Grammatik der Oskisch-Umbrischen Inschriften, vol. 2, p. 501; Conway, Italic Dialects, vol. 1, p. 63.

Oscan inscription [p. 140]: see references below, pp. 530-531.

CHAPTER XXI. THE LARGE THEATRE

Excavation of the two theatres and the court behind the Large Theatre (July, 1764, to March, 1765; and December, 1791, to February, 1796): Fiorelli, Pomp. ant. hist., vol. 1, pt. 1, pp. 158-165, pt. 2, pp. 46-63. For the Small Theatre, see also vol. 1, pt. 2, pp. 69, 75.

Paintings at Pompeii relating to the stage: Helbig, Wandgemälde, nos. 1464-1476; Sogliano, Le pitture murali Campane, nos. 740-752; Maass, Affreschi scenici di Pompeii, Ann. dell' Inst., vol. 53 (1881), pp. 109-159, and Mon. dell' Inst., vol. 11, pl. 30-32.

Remains of the Large Theatre: Mazois, Les ruines de Pompéi, vol. 4, pp. 55-70, pl. 27-34; Fiorelli, Descrizione di Pompei, pp. 352-357; Nissen, Pomp. Studien, pp. 232-253; Overbeck-Mau, Pompeji, pp. 153-176.

The tribunals [p. 145]: it is evident from the language of Suetonius (Div. Aug. 44, solis virginibus Vestalibus locum in theatro separatim et contra praetoris tribunal dedit) that opposite the place set aside for the praetor, which was called tribunal, there was another likewise reserved. In our theatre the two platforms mentioned correspond exactly with this arrangement, and there is no other part of the structure to which the word tribunalia, in the inscription of the Holconii (p. 148), could properly be applied. We are safe therefore in calling the platforms tribunals.

Wall painting, showing theatre police seated in niches in front of the stage [p. 146]: found in the casa della fontana grande; described by Helbig, Wandgemälde, no. 1468; figured in Museo Borb., vol. 4, pl. 18, and in Wieseler, Theatergebäude und Denkmäler des Bühnenwesens bei den Griechen und Römern (Göttingen, 1851), pl. 11, 2. A similar figure sitting in a shallow niche has been found on a wall in the eighth region (VIII. II. 23); see Röm. Mitth., vol. 3 (1888), p. 202, no. 12. On the need of police to keep order in Roman theatres, see the references given by Marquardt, Röm. Staatsverwaltung, vol. 3 (Edit. 2), pp. 541-542; but cf. Körting, Geschichte des griechischen und römischen Theaters (Paderborn, 1897), p. 367.

Place of stage machinery [p. 147]: Pollux, Onomast. IV. 128.

Inscriptions relating to Actius Anicetus [p. 148]: inscription found at Puteoli, C. I. L. X. 1946; graffiti, C. I. L. IV. 2155, and Index, p. 233, under Actius and Anicetus; C. I. L. IV. Suppl. 5395.

Assemblies in the theatre [p. 148]: at Tarentum (282 B.C.), App. De rebus Samnit. VII. II; Dio Cass. Frag. XXIX. 5; at Pergamus, Plut. Sulla, 11. Cf. Muller, Bühnenalterthümer, pp. 73-75.

Inscriptions found in the theatre [pp. 148-150]: monumental, C. I. L. X. 833-843; painted inscriptions and graffiti, C. I. L. IV. pp. 63, 153-157.

The stage and the orchestra in the Greek and the Roman theatre [p. 150]: Vitr. V. VI-VIII.

The problem of the stage in the Greek theatre [p. 151]: Doerpfeld and Reisch, Das griechische Theater, Beiträge zur Geschichte des Dionysos-Theaters in Athen und anderer griechischer Theater (Athens and Leipzig, 1896), particularly pp. 341-365; Doerpfeld, Das griechische Theater Vitruvs, Athen. Mitth., vol. 22 (1897), pp. 439-462; vol. 23 (1898), pp. 326-356. A convenient summary of Doerpfeld's conclusions and of the literature of the subject to 1898 is given by Frazer, Pausanias's Description of Greece, vol. 3, pp. 254-255, and vol. 5, pp. 582-584.

The stage of the Large Theatre at Pompeii [p. 152]: Puchstein and Koldewey, Berliner Philologische Wochenschrift, 1896, pp. 477-478; Archäologischer Anzeiger, Beiblatt zum Jahrb. des Inst., 1896, pp. 30, 40; Puchstein, Die griechische Bühne (Berlin, 1901), pp. 75-77.

CHAPTER XXII. THE SMALL THEATRE

Excavation, remains: see references to Chap. XXI.

Decoration (second style): Mau, Geschichte der dec. Wandmalerei, pp. 248-249.

Inscriptions: C. I. L. X. 844, 845. Theft of the bronze letters of the inscription of Oculatius Verus [p. 156]: Fiorelli, Pomp. ant. hist., vol. 1, pt. 3, pp. 231, 277; Zangemeister, Sopra l' iscrizione del teatro piccolo di Pompei, Bull. dell' Inst., 1866, pp. 30-31.

Gaius Quinctius Valgus [p. 153]: Cic. De lege agraria, III; C. I. L. IX. 1140, X. 5282 (cf. Buecheler, Carmina Latina epigraphica, vol. 1, Leipzig, 1895, no. 12); Dessau, C. Quinctius Valgus, Der Erbauer des Amphitheaters zu Pompeii, Hermes, vol. 18 (1883), pp. 620-622.

The narrow doors at the rear of the stage designed to give access to the tribunalia [p. 156]: Kelsey, The Stage Entrances of the Small Theatre at Pompeii, American Journal of Archæology, series 2, vol. 4 (1900), p. 150, also vol. 6 (1902).

CHAPTER XXIII. THE THEATRE COLONNADE

Excavation (October 25, 1766, to April 7, 1769, and December 10, 1791, to February 20, 1794): Fiorelli, Pomp. ant. hist., vol. 1, pt. 1, pp. 195-228, pt. 2, pp. 46-48, 51, 52, 54, 151-153, pt. 3, p. 273.

Remains, identification, restoration: Mazois, Les ruines de Pompéi, vol. 3, pp. 12-15, pl. 2-6; Gell, Pompeiana (Edit. of 1852), p. 184; Garrucci, Il Ludus Gladiatorius, ovvero Convitti dei Gladiatori, in his Questioni Pompeiane (Naples, 1853), pp. 1-8; Nissen, Pomp. Studien, pp. 253-262. The suggestion has lately been made that the colonnade may have been designed as the Gymnasium of pre-Roman Pompeii (Petersen, Ueber die sogen. Gladiatorenkaserne in Pompeji, Röm. Mitth., vol. 14 (1899), pp. 103-104).

Graffiti: C. I. L. IV. pp. 157-159.

Exhibitions of gladiators [p. 161]: C. I. L. X. 1074, and references to Chap. XXX.

Paintings [pp. 161-162]: Helbig, Wandegemälde, nos. 322, 1512.

CHAPTER XXIV. THE PALAESTRA

Excavation (April 13 to August 31, 1797): Fiorelli, Pomp. ant. hist., vol. 1, pt. 2, pp. 66-68.

Remains, identification: Mazois, vol. 3, pp. 25-26, pl. 11, 12; Nissen, Pomp. Studien, pp. 158-170; Mau, Der Fundort des Neapler Doryphoros, Strena Helbigiana (Leipzig, 1900), pp. 184-187.

Measurements, showing conformity to the Oscan standard [p. 165]: Mau, Pomp. Beiträge, pp. 21-23.

Oscan inscription [p. 165]: Zvetaieff, Sylloge inscriptionum Oscarum, no. 63, pl. 11; von Planta, Grammatik der Oskisch-Umbrischen Dialekte, vol. 2, p. 499; Conway, Italic Dialects, vol. 1, no. 42.

Doryphorus [p. 166]: reproduction on a larger scale, Brunn and Bruckmann, Denkmäler griechischer und römischer Sculptur, no. 273.

CHAPTER XXV. THE TEMPLE OF ISIS

The worship of Isis outside of Egypt: Lafaye, Histoire du culte des divinités d'Alexandrie, Sérapis, Isis, Harpocrate et Anubis, hors de l'Égypte, depuis les origines jusqu'à la naissance de l'école néo-Platonicienne (Paris, 1883); for the literature relating to the worship of Isis in Italy, see Roscher, Ausführliches Lexikon der griechischen und römischen Mythologie, vol. 2, pt. 1, pp. 398-412.

Excavation of the temple (December 22, 1764, to September 27, 1766): Fiorelli, Pomp. ant. hist., vol. 1, pt. 1, pp. 164-194.

Inscriptions relating to the temple: Piranesi (see below), pl. 70-72; C. I. L. X. 846-851. Inscription found at Puteoli [p. 169]: C. I. L. I. 577, X. 1781; Wiegand, Die puteolanische Bauinschrift sachlich erläutert, Jahrbücher für classische Philologie, Supplementband 20 (1894), pp. 659-778. An interesting graffito relating to the worship of Isis was found in the house of the Silver Wedding in 1892; see Röm. Mitth., vol. 8 (1893), p. 57, no. 7 (cf. also de Rossi, Roma sotterranea, vol. 2, pp. 14-15).

Remains, restoration: Sogliano, Aedis Isidis Pompeiana, not yet published [see Preface, p. vi.]; Piranesi, Antiquités de Pompéi (designs made about 1788), vol. 2 (= vol. 26 of Opera, in 27 vols.), pl. 59-72; Mazois, Les ruines de Pompéi, vol. 4, p. 24, pl. 7-11; Niccolini, Le case ed i monumenti di Pompei (Naples, 1854-1895), vol. 1, pt. 3, end (12 pl.); Nissen, Pomp. Studien, pp. 170-175, 346-349; Mau, Pomp. Beiträge, p. 23; Weichardt, Pompeji vor der Zerstörung, pp. 103-113.

Statues—Bacchus [p. 170]: Museo Borb., vol. 9, pl. 11: Roux, Herculanum et Pompéi, vol. 6, pl. 21. Isis [p. 176]: Museo Borb., vol. 14, pl. 35. Herm of Sorex [p. 176], Piranesi, Antiquités de Pompéi, vol. 2. pl. 72. The statue of Venus has disappeared: Overbeck-Mau, Pompeji, note 208, p. 649.

Paintings [pp. 172 et seq.]: Helbig, Wandgemälde, nos. 1-6, 135, 138, 391 b, 962, 1013, 1096-99, 1103, 1271, 1292, 1571, 1576-1577. Paintings from Herculaneum [p. 178]: Roux, Herculanum et Pompéi, vol. 2, pl. 68, 69; Helbig, Wandgemälde, nos. 1111, 1112.

A left hand carried in procession in honor of Isis [p. 173]: Apul. Metam. XI. X.

Service described by Apuleius [p. 176]: Metam. XI. XX. While the people were praying the priest made a circuit of the altars, which were evidently, as at Pompeii, distributed about the temple in the court.

Perseus rescuing Andromeda [p. 179]: that the male figure is intended to represent Perseus and not Hermes is certain from the description of the figure when first excavated—"alla cinta tiene una testa alata" (Fiorelli, Pomp. ant. hist., vol. 1, pt. 1, p. 171). All trace of the Medusa head has now disappeared.

Initiation into the mysteries of Isis [p. 182]: Apul. Metam. XI. XXI, XXIII.

CHAPTER XXVI. THE TEMPLE OF ZEUS MILICHIUS

Excavation (September 27 to October 18, 1766; March 15-22 and June 14, 1798): Fiorelli, Pomp. ant. hist., vol. 1, pt. 1, pp. 194-195, pt. 2, pp. 70-71.

Remains, identification, restoration: Mazois, Les ruines de Pompéi, vol. 4, p. 22, pl. 4-6; Nissen, Pomp. Studien, pp. 175-177, 535-536; Mau, Pomp. Beiträge, pp. 13-15, 227-232; Mau, Geschichte der dec. Wandmalerei, pp. 60-61; Mau, Das Capitolium und der Tempel des Zeus Meilichios in Pompeji, Röm. Mitth., vol. 11 (1896), pp. 141-149. An impossible restoration is given by Weichardt, Pompeji vor der Zerstörung, pp. 116-123.

Two statues and a bust of terra cotta [p. 184]: von Rohden, Die Terracotten von Pompeji (Stuttgart, 1880), pp. 42-43, pl. 29.

Oscan inscription [p. 184]: Zvetaieff, Sylloge inscriptionum Oscarum, no. 62, pl. 10; von Planta, Grammatik der Oskisch-Umbrischen Dialekte, vol. 2, p. 499; Conway, Italic Dialects, vol. 1, pp. 58-59; Nissen, Pomp. Studien, pp. 531-536.

CHAPTER XXVII. THE STABIAN BATHS

Roman baths in general: Marquardt, Privatleben der Römer, Edit. 2, pt. 1, pp. 269-297; Mau, article Bäder in the Pauly-Wissowa Realencyclopädie, vol. 2, pt. 2, pp. 2743-2758; Nissen, Pomp. Studien, pp. 152-155.

Baths in Pompeii—in the second Insula of Region VIII: Mau, Röm. Mitth., vol. 3 (1888), pp. 194-205, vol. 5 (1890), pp. 130-141, vol. 10 (1895), pp. 218-219. In the so-called villa of Julia Felix: Chambalu, Die wiederverschüttete Besitzung der Julia Felix beim Amphitheater in Pompeji, Festschrift zur 43^ten Versammlung deutscher Philologen und Schulmänner dargeboten von den höheren Lehranstalten Kölns (Cologne, 1895), and the review of this pamphlet by Mau, Röm. Mitth., vol. 10 (1895), pp. 225-227. For the baths of M. Crassus Frugi, see above, p. 408; for the baths in private houses at Pompeii, Mau, Pomp. Beiträge, pp. 149-151, and above, pp. 267, 306-307 (both in the house of the Silver Wedding), 346, 357, 362-363.

Excavation of the Stabian Baths (1854-1857; the official reports are meagre): Fiorelli, Pomp. ant. hist., vol. 2, pp. 589-658; cf. also Minervini, Notizie de' più recenti scavi di Pompei, Bull. Archeologico Napolitano, Nuova Serie, vols. 2-6 (1853-1858).

Remains: Michaelis, Die neuen Bäder in Pompeji, Archäologische Zeitung, vol. 17 (1859), pp. 17-32, 37-46; Finati, Relazione degli scavi di Pompei, Museo Borb., vol. 16 (15 pp. text and pl. A-B); Niccolini, Le case ed i monumenti di Pompei, vol. 1, pt. 3 (12 pp., 8 pls.); Nissen, Pomp. Studien, pp. 140-158; Mau, Pomp. Beiträge, pp. 117-151; Overbeck-Mau, Pompeji, pp. 215-233; Mau, Geschichte der dec. Wandmalerei, p. 60.

Paintings: Helbig, Wandgemälde, nos. 30 (p. 11), 44, 416, 432, 1016, 1057, 1260 b, 1545; see below, pl. XIII.

Origin of the balneae pensiles [p. 187]: Valer. Max. IX. I. 1; Plin. N. H. IX. LIV. 168.

The anteroom of the men's baths [p. 190]: in the front part of this was once a shallow basin, undoubtedly for preliminary cleaning before one entered the frigidarium; cf. p. 197.

Bath basin in the men's tepidarium [p. 192]: cf. Kuszinsky, Aquincum (Budapest, 1889), p. 62.

The poet declaiming in the bath [p. 192]: Petr. Sat. XCI.; Hor. Sat. I. IV. 74-76; and cf. Mayor's note to Juvenal I., 17 and III., 9.

Pulvinus [p. 193], testudo alvei [p. 194]: Vitr. V. X. Testudo alvei: Mau, Fulcra lectorum—testudines alveorum, Nachrichten von der Königl. Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, 1896, pp. 76-82; von Duhn and Jacobi, Der griechische Tempel in Pompeji, pp. 33-35 and pl. 9.

Inscriptions—Vulius and Aninius [p. 195]: C. I. L. X. 829. Vaccula [p. 197]: C. I. L. IV. Suppl. 1, no. 3340, VI. Atinius [p. 200]: Zvetaieff, Sylloge inscriptionum Oscarum, no. 66, pl. 13; von Planta, Grammatik der Oskisch-Umbrischen Dialekte, vol. 2, p. 500; Conway, Italic Dialects, vol. 1, p. 61.

Destrictarium [p. 195]: all the rooms at the left of the palaestra are of later date than the inscription; the present destrictarium probably takes the place of an earlier one.

Improvement of the arrangements for heating [p. 196]: the hollow walls of the caldarium are made with hollow tiles, while in the tepidarium tegulae mammatae are used; for a fuller discussion of the successive changes, see Mau, Pomp. Beiträge, pp. 131-141.

The brazier of Vaccula [p. 197]: Fiorelli, Pomp. ant. hist., vol. 2, pp. 649-650.

Hermes in the gymnasium at Phigalia [p. 200]: Paus. VIII. XXXIX. 4 (6); cf. also IV. XXXII. 1.

CHAPTER XXVIII. THE BATHS NEAR THE FORUM

Excavation [1824-1825]: Fiorelli, Pomp. ant. hist., vol. 2, pp. 106, 107-116, 118, 121-125, 128, vol. 3, p. 15.

Remains: Bechi, Terme Pompeiane, Museo Borb., vol. 2, pl. 49-52 (text, 31 pp.); Brulloff, Thermes di Pompéi (Paris, 1829), 10 large pls.; Gell, Pompeiana (Edit. of 1832), vol. 1, pp. 83-141, vol. 2, pp. 80-94; Mazois, Les ruines de Pompéi, vol. 3, pp. 67-77, pl. 47-50; Zahn, Neuentdeckte Wandgemälde in Pompeji (Stuttgart, 1828), pl. 2-5; Zahn, Die schönsten Ornamente und merkwürdigsten Gemälde aus Pompeji, Herkulanum und Stabiae, nebst einigen Grundrissen und Ansichten (3 parts, here cited as volumes, 302 pls. in 30 Heften, Berlin, 1827-1859), vol. 1, pl. 10, 46, 76, 94; Nissen, Pomp. Studien, pp. 128-135; Mau, Pomp. Beiträge, pp. 218-227.

Inscriptions of the builders [p. 203], of Vaccula [p. 205], of Aper and Rufus [p. 206]: C. I. L. X. 817-819.

CHAPTER XXIX. THE CENTRAL BATHS

Excavation (1876-1878), remains: Mau, Bull. dell' Inst., 1877, pp. 214-223, 1878, pp. 251-254. Laconicum: Mau, Pomp. Beiträge, pp. 144-145.

CHAPTER XXX. THE AMPHITHEATRE

Of amphitheatres in general, and gladiatorial sports: Friedlaender, Darstellungen aus der Sittengeschichte Roms in der Zeit von August bis zum Ausgang der Antonine, Edit. 6 (3 parts, here cited as volumes, Leipzig, 1888-1890), vol. 2, pp. 358-435, Edit. 7, vol. 2, pp. 45-66; briefer statement by Friedlaender in Marquardt's Staatsverwaltung, Edit. 2, vol. 3, pp. 554-565; Meier, De gladiatura Romana quaestiones selectae (Bonn, 1881).

Gladiatorial combats in Campania and in Rome [pp. 212-213]: Strabo, V. IV. 12 (p. 250, C); Valer. Max. II. IV. 7; Liv. Epit. XVI. and XXIII. XXX. 15. For the games following Caesar's triumph, see Suet. Div. Iul., XXXIX. App. Bel. Civ. II. XV. 102 and Dio. Cas. XLIII. 22.

Excavation of the Amphitheatre (1748, 1813-1816): Fiorelli, Pomp. ant. hist., vol. 1, pt. 1, pp. 5-6, pt. 3, pp. 114 et seq., 185, 189.

Remains: Mazois, Les ruines de Pompéi, vol. 4, pp. 77-86, pl. 43-47; Fiorelli, Descrizione di Pompéi, pp. 69-74; Nissen, Pomp. Studien, pp. 97-127.

Paintings [pp. 213, 214], Helbig, Wandgemälde, nos. 1514, 1515, 1519; cf. also nos. 1512-1513, 1516-1518, and Sogliano, Le pitture murali Campane, nos. 665-668.

Inscriptions relating to the building, or found on it [pp. 212, 218, 219]: C. I. L. X. 852-859; painted inscriptions and graffiti, C. I. L. IV. pp. 7, 64-66, 159.

Inscriptions relating to the games [pp. 221 et seq.]—announcements: C. I. L. IV. 1177-1204, Suppl. 3881-3884. Programme [p. 223]: C. I. L. IV. 2508. Custos, ostiarius ab amphitheatro [p. 225]: C. I. L. VI. 6226, 6228. Inscription of Salvius Capito [p. 225]: C. I. L. IX. 465, 466 (cf. also C. I. L. X. 4920). Names of gladiators, with their records [pp. 225-226]: C. I. L. IV., see Index, under gladiatores, p. 255. Graffiti in the house on Nola Street [p. 226]: C. I. L. IV. Suppl. 4277-4393; and Röm. Mitth., vol. 5 (1890), pp. 25-39, 64-65, vol. 7 (1892), p. 23.

Combat between the Pompeians and the Nucerians [pp. 220, 221]: Tac. Ann. XIV. XVII. Painting (Fig. 101; found Ins. I. III. 23), de Petra, L' Anfiteatro pompeiano rappresentato in un antico dipinto, giornale degli scavi di Pompei, Nuova Serie, vol. 1 (1869), pp. 185-187, pl. 8; Matz, Bull. dell' Inst., 1869, pp. 240-241; Sogliano, Le pitture murali Campane, no. 604. Inscriptions [see p. 492]: C. I. L. IV. 1293 (with caricature, figured Museo Borb., vol. 6, pl. C), 1329, 2183.

CHAPTER XXXI. STREETS, WATER SYSTEM, AND WAYSIDE SHRINES

The streets [pp. 227-229]: Mazois, Les ruines de Pompéi, vol. I, pp. 25-26, pl. 2, 3, 14, 15, 35, 37, vol. 2, pp. 35-39, pl. 2-8; Nissen, Pomp. Studien, pp. 516-572. Inscriptions on the pavement [p. 228], C. I. L. X. 870, 871.

The water system [pp. 230-233]: Mazois, Les ruines de Pompéi, vol. 3, p. 27, pl. 13; Murano, Pompei—donde venivano le acque potabili ai castelli acquarii (Naples, 1894); review of Murano's treatise by Mau, Röm. Mitth., vol. 10 (1895), pp. 216-218. Age of the aqueduct supplying Pompeii: Mau, Röm. Mitth., vol. 10 (1895) pp. 49-51. Recent investigation of the system of sewers: Not. d. scavi, 1900, pp. 587-599. Water towers of Constantinople [p. 232]: von Hammer, Geschichte des Osmanischen Reichs (10 vols., Pest, 1827-1835), vol. 7, pp. 422, 598-599; cf. also Pardoe, Beauties of the Bosphorus (London, 1839), pp. 24-25.

Wayside shrines [pp. 233-236]: Mazois, Les ruines de Pompéi, vol. 2, pl. 6; Gell, Pompeiana (Edit. of 1852), pp. 97-98; Overbeck-Mau, Pompeji, pp. 242-244. Paintings of divinities on the outside of houses [p. 236]: Helbig, Wandgemälde, nos. 7-28; Sogliano, Le pitture murali Campane, nos. 1-4; serpents, Helbig, nos. 29, 30; Sogliano, nos. 5-8. Painting of the twelve gods; Gerhard, Intorno la pittura Pompeiana rappresentante i dodici dei, Ann. dell' Inst., vol. 22 (1850), pp. 206-214. Inscription [p. 236]: C. I. L. IV. 813; cf. Pers. Sat. I. 113.

CHAPTER XXXII. THE DEFENCES OF THE CITY

Excavation of walls, gates, towers: Fiorelli, Pomp. ant. hist., vol. 1, pt. 1, pp. 154, 234-236, pt. 3, pp. 64-69, 76, 84-88, 96-97, 111-124, 131, 143-151, 160, 168-170, vol. 2, pp. 1, 501-506, 530, 593-597.

Remains: Mazois, Les ruines de Pompéi, vol. 1, pp. 33-37, 52-53, pl. 10-13, 35-37; Gell, Pompeiana (Edit. of 1852), pp. 87-96, 98; Nissen, Pomp. Studien, pp. 457-516; Mau, Pomp. Beiträge, pp. 211-215, 235-252; Mau, Geschichte der dec. Wandmalerei, pp. 57-59.

Oscan inscriptions [p. 240]: Zvetaieff, Sylloge inscriptionum Oscarum, nos. 80-83, pl. 14 (nos. 7, 8), pl. 15, pl. 16 (no. 4); von Planta, Grammatik der Oskisch-Umbrischen Dialekte, vol. 2, p. 503; Conway, Italic Dialects, vol. 1, pp. 69-71; Degering, Ueber die militärischen Wegweiser in Pompeji, Röm. Mitth., vol. 13 (1898), pp. 124-146; Mau, Die Oskischen Wegweiserinschriften in Pompeji, Röm. Mitth., vol. 14 (1899), pp. 105-113.

The Stabian Gate [p. 242]: Minervini, Strada e porta Stabiana, Bull. Arch. Napolitano, Nuova Serie, vol. 1 (1853), pp. 186-187 and pl. 8, fig. 10; Fiorelli, Gli scavi di Pompei dal 1861 al 1872, pp. 78-79, pl. 14, fig. 2.

Minerva as patron divinity of city gates [p. 242]: that is, according to Greek usage, an indication of the strength of Greek influence at Pompeii. Among the Romans the divinity of city gates was Juno. Cf. Serv. Com. in Verg. ad Aen. II, 610.

Inscription of Flaccus and Firmus [p. 242]: C. I. L. X. 1064.

CHAPTER XXXIII. THE POMPEIAN HOUSE

Of the Pompeian and the Roman house: Mazois, Essai sur les habitations des anciens romains, in Les ruines de Pompéi, vol. 2, pp. 3-34 (3 pls.); Mazois, Le palais de Scaurus (Paris, 1819; Edit. 3, revised by Varcollier, 1861); Gell, Pompeiana (Edit. of 1852), pp. 99-141; Zumpt, Ueber die bauliche Einrichtung des römischen Wohnhauses (Berlin, 1844; Edit. 2, 1852); Nissen, Pomp. Studien, pp. 593-668; Viollet-le-Duc, Histoire de l'habitation humaine (Paris, 1875), and English translation under the title, The Habitations of Man in all Ages (Boston, 1876), Chap. 18; Lange, Haus und Halle, Studien zur Geschichte des antiken Wohnhauses und der Basilica (Leipzig, 1885), especially pp. 50-59, 244-269; Guhl and Koner, Das Leben der Griechen und Römer (Edit. 6, Berlin, 1893), pp. 558-580, and English translation from the third German edition, Life of the Greeks and Romans (London, 1877), §§ 75, 76; Marquardt, Das Privatleben der Römer (Edit. 2, Leipzig, 1886), pp. 213-250; Middleton, article Domus in Smith's Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, vol. 1 (Edit. 3, London, 1890), particularly pp. 684-687; Monceaux, Domus in Daremberg and Saglio's Dictionnaire des antiquités grecques et romaines, vol. 2, pt. 1, especially pp. 349-362. For remains of houses and villas in Britain, cf., e.g., Wright, The Celt, the Roman, and the Saxon (Edit. 4, London, 1885), passim; Scarth, Roman Britain (London, 1883), Chap. 18; and the special articles in Archaeologia (London, 1770 +).

Inscriptions in Pompeian houses, including those in mosaic floors: C. I. L. X. 860-869, 872-875, 877-882.

Fauces, or prothyron [p. 248]: Vitr. VI. IV. 6; Greenough, The Fauces of the Roman House, Harvard Studies in Classical Philology, vol. 1 (1890), pp. 1-12.

Stone thresholds [p. 249]: Ivanoff, Varie specie di soglie in Pompei ed indagine sul vero sito della fauce, Ann. dell' Inst., vol. 31 (1859), pp. 82-108, pl. D-F; and Mon. dell' Inst., vol. 6, pl. 28.

Dangers of the streets of Rome at night [p. 250]: Juv. Sat. III. 305-308.

Kinds of atriums [p. 250], dimensions [p. 252]: Vitr. VI. III., IV.

Waterspouts of the compluvium [p. 251]: von Rohden, Die Terracotten von Pompeji, pl. 1-9.

Gartibulum [p. 254]: Var. de Ling. Lat. V. 125; Nissen, Pomp. Studien, p. 641.

Tablinum [pp. 255-258]: Vitr. VI. IV (III), 5-6; Var. ap. Non. p. 83; Nissen, Pomp. Studien, pp. 643-644.

Alae [p. 258]: Vitr. VI. IV (III), 4, 6.

Peristyle [p. 260]: Vitr. VI. IV (III), 7; Nissen, Pomp. Studien, pp. 645-668; Bie, Zur Geschichte des Hausperistyls, Jahrb. des. Inst., vol. 6 (1891), pp. 1-9.

Triclinium [p. 262]: Vitr. VI. V. I. Trimalchio's dining rooms (cenationes): Petr. Sat. LXXVII.

Lares, Genius, and Penates in house paintings [p. 268]: Helbig, Wandgemälde, nos. 31-95; Sogliano, Le pitture murali Campane, nos. 9-46, 63-71. Serpents: ibid., nos. 47-62; see also de Marchi, Il culto privato di Roma antica, vol. 1 (Milan, 1896), pp. 27-144; Jordan, De Larum imaginibus atque cultu, Ann. dell' Inst., vol. 34 (1862), pp. 300-339; Reifferscheid, De larum picturis Pompeianis, Ann. dell' Inst., vol. 35 (1863), pp. 121-134; Jordan, De Genii et Eponae picturis Pompeianis nuper detectis, Ann. dell' Inst., vol. 44 (1872), pp. 19-47, and pl. B, C; Wissowa, Die Ueberlieferung über die römischen Penaten, Hermes, vol. 22 (1887), pp. 29-57.

Genius of a woman as Juno [p. 270]: Mau, Röm. Mitth., vol. 2 (1887), p. 114. Jupiter and Venus: Helbig, Wandgemälde, no. 67. Two genii (Ins. IX. viii. 13): Mau, Röm. Mitth., vol. 5 (1890), pp. 244-245.

Shop fronts [p. 276]: cf. Middleton, Remains of Ancient Rome (2 vols., London, 1892), vol. 1, pp. 192-194.

Pergula [p. 277]: Mau, Sul significato della parola pergula nell' architettura antica, Röm. Mitth., vol. 2 (1887), pp. 214-220. Natus in pergula: Petr. Sat. LXXIV.

CHAPTER XXXIV. THE HOUSE OF THE SURGEON

Excavation (1770): Fiorelli, Pomp. ant. hist., vol. 1, pt. 1, pp. 245-246, 248, 253 et seq. (p. 254, discovery of the instruments from which the house takes its name).

Plan, construction, restoration: Piranesi, Antiquités de Pompéi, vol. 1, pl. 14-21; Mazois, Les ruines de Pompéi, vol. 2, p. 51, and pl. 13 (plan); Fiorelli, Gli scavi di Pompei dal 1861 al 1872, pp. 79, 83; Nissen, Pomp. Studien, pp. 402-412; Mau, Pomp. Beiträge, 37-41, 49-51 (proof that the measurements of the house conform to the Oscan standard); Overbeck-Mau, Pompeji, pp. 279-281; Greenough, Harvard Studies in Classical Philology, vol. 1 (1890), pp. 10-11 (plan showing conformity of the chief measurements to the proportions recommended by Vitruvius).

Mural paintings: Helbig, Wandgemälde, nos. 1427 b, 1443, 1459, and pp. CVIII-CIX with note 4 on p. CXXV; cf. also Mau, Geschichte der dec. Wandmalerei, p. 66. For the woman painting, see Jahn, Abhandlungen der Königl. sächsischen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften, philologisch-hist. Classe, vol. 5, pp. 298-305, and pl. 5.

CHAPTER XXXV. THE HOUSE OF SALLUST

Excavation (1806-1809): Fiorelli, Pomp. ant. hist., vol. 1, pt. 2, pp.

Plan, restoration: Mazois, Les ruines de Pompéi, vol. 2, pp. 75-79, pl. 35-39; Nissen, Pomp. Studien, pp. 652-654; Overbeck-Mau, Pompeji, pp. 300-307.

Decoration: above, pp. 459-460; Mau, Geschichte der dec. Wandmalerei, pp. 17-33, 112-114, 416-417, pl. 2; Helbig, Wandgemälde, nos. 51, 124, 249 b, 319, 373, 429, 465, 493, 746, 751, 900, 1055, 1255, 1311 (cf. Topogr. Index, p. 467). In the Naples Museum are good copies of the paintings that are in the garden and near the open-air triclinium.

CHAPTER XXXVI. THE HOUSE OF THE FAUN

Excavation (1830-1832): Fiorelli, Pomp. ant. hist., vol. 2, pp. 240-255, vol. 3, pp. 113-118; Not. d. scavi, 1900, p. 31.

Plan, construction: Fiorelli, Descrizione di Pompei, pp. 152-159; Nissen, Pomp. Studien, pp. 655-658; Overbeck-Mau, Pompeji, pp. 346-353.

Wall decoration: Mau, Geschichte der dec. Wandmalerei, pp. 33-57, 110-111, 122-123, 140, 162, 263-264, pl. 2; Niccolini, Le case ed i monumenti di Pompei, vol. 1.

Mosaics: Museo Borb., vol. 7, pl. 62, vol. 8, pl. 36-45, vol. 9, pl. 55, vol. 14, pl. 14; Roux, Herculanum et Pompéi, vol. 5, 6th series, pl. 20-29, 32; Schreiber, Atlas of Classical Antiquities (Eng. trans., London, 1895), pl. 63 (fish mosaic, with identification of species in the accompanying text); Marx, Il cosidetto Akratos nella casa del Fauno, Röm. Mitth., vol. 7 (1892), pp. 26-31.

CHAPTER XXXVII. A HOUSE NEAR THE PORTA MARINA

Decoration: Mau, Geschichte der dec. Wandmalerei, pp. 96, 281.

CHAPTER XXXVIII. THE HOUSE OF THE SILVER WEDDING

Excavation (1892-1893), plan, decoration: Mau, Röm. Mitth., vol. 8 (1893), pp. 14-61; cf. also Not. d. scavi, 1892.

Dated inscription [p. 305]: C. I. L. I. (Edit. 2), p. 342; cf. also Röm. Mitth., vol. 8, pp. 30-31.

CHAPTER XXXIX. THE HOUSE OF EPIDIUS RUFUS

Excavation (1866), plan: Fiorelli, Gli scavi di Pompei dal 1861 al 1872, pp. 62-63; Overbeck-Mau, Pompeji, pp. 297-300.

Decoration, paintings: Mau, Geschichte der dec. Wandmalerei, pp. 98-100; Helbig, Wandgemälde, nos. 59 b, 231, 863 b, 870 b, 874 b, 885 b, 892 b, 967 b.

CHAPTER XL. THE HOUSE OF THE TRAGIC POET

Excavation (1824-1825), plan, decoration: Fiorelli, Pomp. ant. hist., vol. 2, pp. 116-135; Gell, Pompeiana (Edit. of 1832), vol. 1, pp. 142-178; Niccolini, le case ed i monumenti di Pompei, vol. 1; Overbeck-Mau, Pompeji, pp. 285-289.

Paintings: Helbig, Wandgemälde, see p. LXXXVI. and Topogr. Index under Casa del poeta, p. 471; also Helbig, Le nozze di Giove e di Giunone, Ann. dell' Inst., vol. 36 (1864), pp. 270-282.

The Iphigenia of Timanthes [p. 319]; Cic. Orator, XXII. 74; Plin. N. H. XXXV. X. 73; Quint. Inst. orat. II. XIII. 12, 13; Valer. Max. VIII. XI. ext. 6, with the comment of Lessing in the Laokoon, chap. 2, and the references given by Blümner, Lessing's Laokoon (Berlin, 1876), pp. 36-37; cf. also Baumeister, Denkmäler des klassischen Altertums (3 vols., Munich, 1884-1888), vol. 1, pp. 754-757, and Jex-Blake and Sellers, The Elder Pliny's Chapters on the History of Art (London, 1896), pp. 116-117, note 2.

CHAPTER XLI. THE HOUSE OF THE VETTII

Excavation (1894-1895), plan, restoration, decoration, paintings: Mau, Röm. Mitth., vol. 11 (1896), pp. 3-97; Sogliano, Mon. dei Lincei, vol. 8 (1898), pp. 233-416; Herrlich, Archäologischer Anzeiger, 1896, pp. 206-207; Mau, Amoren als Oelfabrikanten, Röm. Mitth., vol. 15 (1900), pp. 138-141; Mau, Amoren als Goldschmiede, Röm, Mitth., vol. 16 (1901), pp. 109-116.

CHAPTER XLII. THREE HOUSES OF UNUSUAL PLAN

House of Acceptus and Euhodia (excavated in 1882) [p. 341]: Mau, Bull. dell' Inst. 1884, pp. 126-132.

House without a compluvium (excavated between 1890 and 1895) [p. 343]: Mau, Röm. Mitth., vol. 10 (1895), pp. 148-155. Fures foras, frugi intro [p. 346]: paraphrase of the saying, Petr. Sat. LII., aquam foras, vinum intro.

House of the Emperor Joseph II. (excavated in 1767-1769, filled up, and again excavated in 1885-1886) [p. 344]: Fiorelli, Pomp. ant. hist., vol. 1, pt. 1, pp. 208-211, 227-234; Mazois, Les ruines de Pompéi, vol. 2, pp. 73-74, pl. 32-34; Mau, Röm. Mitth., vol. 2 (1887), pp. 110-138.

CHAPTER XLIII. OTHER NOTEWORTHY HOUSES

House of Caecilius Jucundus (excavated in 1875): Mau, Bull, dell' Inst., 1876, pp. 149-151, 160-168, 223-234; Mau, Geschichte der dec. Wandmalerei, pp. 65, 414-415, 446, 450, pl. 13, 14, 18; Sogliano, Le pitture murali Campane, nos. 133, 138, 158, 176, 192, 207, 214, 233, 236, 251, 291, 413, 448, 449, 477, 514, 531, 561, 579, 582, 583, 589, 594, 607, 640, 651, 659, 669, 670, 674, 675, 676, 677, 693, 700, 708, 809, 815, 816.

House of Lucretius (excavated in 1847): Fiorelli, Pomp. ant. hist., vol. 2, pp. 453, 459-473; Minervini, in Niccolini, Le case ed i monumenti di Pompei, vol. 1; Museo Borb., vol. 14, pl. A, B; Overbeck-Mau, Pompeji, pp. 314-320; Helbig, Wandgemälde, see Topogr. Index, p. 482.

House of the Hunt (excavated in 1834): Fiorelli, Pomp. ant. hist., vol. 3, pp. 286-288; Overbeck-Mau, Pompeji, pp. 277-279; Helbig, Wandgemälde, see Topogr. Index, p. 473, under Casa della caccia antica; Mau, Geschichte der dec. Wandmalerei, p. 454.

House of the Centenary (excavated in 1879-1880): Mau, Bull, dell' Inst., 1881, pp. 113-128, 169-175, 221-238; 1882, pp. 23-32, 47-53, 87-91, 104-116, 137-148; Overbeck-Mau, Pompeji, pp. 353-359; Mau, Geschichte der dec. Wandmalerei, pp. 287, 314, 321, 368, 382-385, 443-444, 449, 452, 455; Sogliano, Le pitture murali Campane, nos. 530, 585, 596, 628.

House of the Sculptured Capitals (excavated in 1831-1833): Avellino, Descrizione di una casa pompeiana con capitelli figurati all' ingresso, dissotterrata negli anni 1831, 1832 e 1833 (Naples, 1837), also in Mem. dell' Acc. Ercolanese, vol. 6 (1837); Niccolini, le case ed i monumenti di Pompei, vol. 1; Fiorelli, Descrizione di Pompei, pp. 225-227; Marquardt, Röm. Privatleben (Edit. 2), pp. 224 ff.; Mau, Geschichte der dec. Wandmalerei, pp. 94, 374-379, 388, 430-431; Helbig, Wandgemälde, see Topogr. Index, p. 473.

House of Pansa (excavated in 1813-1827): Fiorelli, Pomp. ant. hist., vol. 1, pt. 3, pp. 116-161, vol. 2, pp. 195-197; Mazois, Les ruines de Pompéi, vol. 2, p. 82, pl. 42-45; Fiorelli, Descrizione di Pompei, pp. 102-106; Overbeck-Mau, Pompeji, pp. 325-329; Nissen, Pomp. Studien, pp. 658-659; Mau, Geschichte der dec. Wandmalerei, pp. 72-73; Helbig, Wandgemälde, nos. 53, 115, 1014.

House of Castor and Pollux (also known as house of the Dioscuri, and casa del Questore; excavated in 1828-1829): Fiorelli, Pomp. ant. hist., vol. 2, pp. 205-221; Niccolini, op. cit., vol. 1; Overbeck-Mau, Pompeji, pp. 334-342; Museo Borb., vol. 5 (see Relazione degli scavi di Pompei, at the end of the vol.; 26 pp. text, with plan; cf. also pl. 32, 33); Mau, Geschichte der dec. Wandmalerei, pp. 258, 372-373, 402, 420-421, 446, 455; Helbig, Wandgemälde, pp. LXXXV-LXXXVI and Topogr. Index, p. 469.

House of the Centaur (excavated in 1828-1829): Fiorelli, Pomp. ant. hist., vol. 2, pp. 217-224; Overbeck-Mau, Pompeji, pp. 330-334; Mau, Geschichte der dec. Wandmalerei, pp. 75-78; Helbig, Wandgemälde, see Topogr. Index, p. 469, under Casa del Centauro. For the large mosaic found in this house, known under the title "Force conquered by Love," see Museo Borb., vol. 7, pl. 61; Roux, Herculanum et Pompéi, vol. 5, series 6, pl. 30.

House of Meleager (excavated in 1829-1830): Fiorelli, Pomp. ant. hist., vol. 2, pp. 224-240; Overbeck-Mau, Pompeji, pp. 307-314; Nissen, Pomp. Studien, pp. 426-427; Mau, Geschichte der dec. Wandmalerei, pp. 74, 373-374, 446, 453; Helbig, Wandgemälde, pp. LXXXVII-LXXXVIII and Topogr. Index, p. 468.

House of Apollo (excavated in 1829-1830): Fiorelli, Pomp. ant. hist., vol. 2, pp. 235-236; Nissen, Pomp. Studien, pp. 427-428; Mau, Geschichte der dec. Wandmalerei, p. 454; Helbig, Wandgemälde, see Topogr. Index p. 467.

Houses with mosaic fountains (excavated in 1826-1827): Fiorelli, Pomp. ant. hist., vol. 2, pp. 174-202; Descrizione di Pompei, pp. 125-126; Niccolini, op. cit., vol. 1; Helbig, Wandgemälde, p. LXXXVIII and Topogr. Index, p. 470, x.

House of the Anchor (excavated in 1830): Fiorelli, Pomp. ant. hist., vol. 2, pp. 237-239; Descrizione di Pompei, pp. 142-143; Mau, Geschichte der dec. Wandmalerei, pp. 79-80, 258-259, 302, 396-397, 399, 422; Helbig, Wandgemälde, nos. 174, 334, 495, 564, 1220.

House of the Citharist (excavation begun in 1853, completed in 1868): Fiorelli, Gli scavi di Pompei dal 1861 al 1872, pp. 65-69; Fiorelli, Descrizione di Pompei, pp. 61-65; Overbeck-Mau, Pompeji, pp. 359-366; Mau, Geschichte der dec. Wandmalerei, pp. 64, 251-252, 315, 316, 318, 326, 335-336, 343, 367, 389, 397, 411-413, 446. Paintings: Helbig, Wandgemälde, see Topogr. Index, pp. 482-483; Orestes and Pylades, Helbig, Oreste e Pilade in Tauride su dipinto Pompeiano, Ann. dell' Inst., vol. 37 (1865), pp. 330-346, and Mon. dell' Inst., vol. 8, pl. 22. Statue of Apollo [p. 352]: often reproduced, as by Overbeck, Atlas der griechischen Kunstmythologie, pl. 20, no. 26; Mon. dell' Inst., vol. 8, pl. 13; Reinach, Répertoire de la statuaire grecque et romaine, vol. 2 (Paris, 1897), p. 97, no. 8; Brunn and Bruckmann, Denkmäler griechischer und römischer Sculptur, no. 302. See Kekulé, Statua Pompeiana di Apolline, Ann. dell' Inst., vol. 37 (1865), pp. 55-71; Wolters, Eine Spartanische Apollostatue, Jahrb. des Inst., vol. 11 (1896), pp. 1-10; Furtwaengler, Meisterwerke der griechischen Plastik (Leipzig, 1893), pp. 79, 80, and English translation by Eugénie Sellers, Masterpieces of Greek Sculpture (London, 1895), p. 52; Collignon, Histoire de la sculpture grecque, vol. 2 (Paris, 1897), pp. 665-666.

House of Cornelius Rufus (excavated in 1861): Fiorelli, Giornale degli scavi, vol. 1 (1861); Fiorelli, Descrizione di Pompei, pp. 340-342; Mau, Geschichte der dec. Wandmalerei, p. 97; Overbeck-Mau, Pompeji, pp. 537-538.

House of Marcus Holconius (excavated in 1861): Bull. Arch. Italiano, vol. 1 (1861-1862), pp. 18-143; Fiorelli, Giornale degli scavi, vol. 1 (1861), pp. 13 et seq.; Fiorelli, Descrizione di Pompei, pp. 332-337; Overbeck-Mau, Pompeji, pp. 290-297.

CHAPTER XLIV. ROMAN VILLAS. THE VILLA OF DIOMEDES

Of Roman villas in general: Castell, The Villas of the Ancients Illustrated (London, 1728); Friedlaender, Sittengeschichte Roms, Edit. 5, vol. 2, pp. 85-93, 170-193, vol. 3, pp. 89-100, Edit. 7, pp. 201-210; Schmidt, Cicero's Villen. Neue Jahrbücher für das klas. Altertum, vol. 3 (1899). pp. 328-355, 466-497, particularly pp. 328-333; Winnefeld, Tusci und Laurentum des jüngeren Plinius, Jahrb. des Inst., vol. 6 (1892), pp. 201-217; Winnefeld, Die Villa des Hadrian bei Tivoli (Jahrb. des Inst., Ergänzungsheft III, Berlin, 1895); Winnefeld, Römische Villen der Kaiserzeit, Preussische Jahrbücher, vol. 57 (1898), pp. 457 et seq.

Villas in the region about Baiae: Beloch, Campanien (Edit. 2, Berlin, 1883), pp. 201-202, 269-274.

Villas about Rome: Nibby, Dintorni di Roma (Edit. 2, 3 vols., Rome, 1848-1849), vol. 3, pp. 31-41, 203, 647-737; De Rossi, Il Tuscolo, le ville Tusculane e le loro antiche memorie cristiane, Bull. di Archeologia cristiana, 1872, especially pp. 87-121; Lanciani, Le ville Tusculane (with map, tav. 20-21), Bull. com., 1884, pp. 172-217; Lanciani, La villa Castrimeniese di Q. Voconio Pollione, ibid., pp. 141-171; Grossi-Gondi, Di una villa dei Quintilii nel Tusculano, Bull. com., 1898, pp. 313-338; Lanciani, The Destruction of Ancient Rome (New York, 1899), pp. 101-105; Grossi-Gondi, La villa dei Quintilii e la villa di Mondragone (Rome, 1901).

Villa of the Laberii at Uthina (south of Tunis): Gauckler, Le domaine des Laberii à Uthina, Monuments et Mémoires publiées par l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-lettres, vol. 3 (Fondation Piot, Paris, 1897), pp. 177-229; Schulten, review of Gauckler's monograph, Göttingsche gelehrte Anzeigen, 1898, pp. 475-481, and briefer report (with plan) in Archäologischer Anzeiger, Beiblatt zum Jahrb. des Inst., 1898, pp. 113-115.

Villas in Britain: References to Chap. XXXIII, and Morgan, Roman British Mosaic Pavements (London, 1886).

The Villa of Diomedes (excavated in 1771-1774): Fiorelli, Pomp. ant. hist., vol. 1, pt. 1, pp. 249-278; Mazois, Les ruines de Pompéi, p. 89, pl. 47-53; Ivanoff, Architektonische Studien, Heft. 2 (mit Elaeuterungen von August Mau, Berlin, 1895), pl. 4-6; Overbeck-Mau, Pompeji, pp. 369-376; Mau, Pomp. Beiträge, p. 151; Helbig, Wandgemälde, see Topogr. Index, p. 483.

Bedroom in Pliny's villa [p. 358]: Plin. Ep. II. XVII. 23.

CHAPTER XLV. THE VILLA RUSTICA AT BOSCOREALE

Excavation, plan, remains: Mau, Röm. Mitth., vol. 9 (1894), pp. 349-358, vol. 11 (1896), pp. 131-140; Pasqui, La villa pompeiana della Pisanella presso Boscoreale, Mon. dei Lincei, vol. 7 (1897), pp. 397-554. For the collection of silverware, see references on p. 538. Part of the objects of bronze found in the villa are in Berlin; see Pernice, Bronzen aus Boscoreale, Archäologischer Anzeiger, Beiblatt zum Jahrb. des Inst., vol. 15 (1900), pp. 177-181. Others are in the Field Columbian Museum, Chicago; see Tarbell, American Journal of Archaeology, vol. 3 (1899), Second Series, p. 584.