[1834] Stoll Cigales t. i. f. 1. t. x. f. 46. t. xxix. f. 170. t. v. f. 22. t. iv. f. 19. &c.
[1836] In Latreille's whole genus Pentatoma, including several Fabrician genera, the Hemelytra are more substantial than in the subsequent tribes.
[1839] My insect, which nearly resembles the Coleopterous genus Cerylon Latr., agrees with Latreille's description in all respects, except that it cannot be said to be membrana nulla apicali.
[1840] Chabrier Analyse, &c. 24.
[1844] Plate XXVIII. Fig. 23. f´´´ is the corium and g´´´ the membrana of a species of Reduvius F.
[1846] Chabrier Analyse, &c. 23.
[1847] Chabrier Sur le Vol des Ins. c. ii. 325—. and 326. Note 1.
[1849] Plate XXVIII. Fig. 9. a.
[1851] Ibid. p. 560. and Plate XXVIII. Fig. 11. a.
[1853] Ibid. Fig. 11. 12. g´´.
[1854] Stoll Sauterelles à Sabr. t. iv. f. 12. t. vi. f. 21. &c.
[1855] Sur le Vol. des Ins. c. i. 424.
[1856] The idea of dividing the wing of an insect into larger areas seems first to have been acted upon in Monogr. Apum Angl. (1801), in which those of Hymenoptera were stated to consist of three portions, viz. Basis, Medium, Apex (i. 211.); which mode of dividing them was at first adopted by M. Latreille (Gen. Crust. et Ins. iii. 226. Note 1.) The same learned author (Ibid. iv. 239.), with regard to the Diptera, made a near approximation to the plan of dividing wings into longitudinal areas, but by the addition of a basal area, which interrupts the attention to the communication of the areas with their axes, he has rendered his system less perfect. Two of his terms—Costal Area and Intermediate Area, are here adopted; but his Internal is changed to the Anal Area, for the term internal belongs rather to the base of the wing. M. Latreille afterwards relinquished both these plans, N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat. i. 248—.
[1857] Plate X. and XXVIII. b.. i.. is the Postcostal Nervure.
[1858] Ibid. c.. n.. is the Anal Nervure.
[1860] Plate X. Fig. 7. h.. i.. k..
[1861] Ibid. Fig. 8. 9. 12. a *.
[1862] Sur le Vol. des Ins. c. i. 428.
[1863] See above, p. 600. 616.
[1864] Vol. II. p. 358—. See above, p. 559.
[1866] Jurine Hymenopt. 19. and t. v.
[1868] N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat. i. 251.
[1869] See above, p. 564, 578, 591.
[1871] Ibid. Fig. 4, 11. m´´´.
[1875] Jurine Hymenopt. t. v. Gen. 47.
[1882] Plate II. Fig. 1. Comp. Linn. Trans. xi. t. ix. f. 1.
[1885] Stoll Spectres, t. xviii. f. 65.
[1887] Stoll figures Empusa as without them, t. ix. f. 35. but? I have a nondesc. Phasma? without them.
[1888] Jones in Linn. Trans. ii. t. viii. f. 2.
[1889] Ibid. f. 5.
[1890] Jones in Linn. Trans. ii. t. viii. f. 7.
[1891] Ibid. f. 9.
[1892] Ibid. f. 2, 3, 6-9.
[1893] I wonder Mr. Jones's plan of ascertaining the divisions or subgenera of butterflies by the neuration of their wings has never been followed up; it would I think furnish an easy clue for the extrication of the tribes of all the Lepidoptera. I mean as subsidiary to more important characters.
[1894] Plate X. Fig. 6. l., m..
[1896] Plate X. Fig. 8. basal e., medial f., apical g..
[1897] Jurine Hymenopt. t. v. Gen. 48.
[1898] Ibid. Gen. 47.
[1899] Ibid. Gen. 45, 46. Comp. Plate X. Fig. 11.
[1900] Jurine Ibid. Gen. 43.
[1901] Ibid. t. iv. Gen. 47.
[1902] Ibid. t. v. Gen. 40.
[1903] Ibid. t. ii. Gen. 2.
[1904] This is a remarkable insect belonging to Vespa L., related to the hornets (V. Crabro), distinguished by having a semicircular piece taken out of the internal margin of each mandible, so that when these organs are closed there is a circular orifice,—whence the name Cyclostoma.
[1905] Jurine Hymenopt. t. ii. Gen. 2.
[1906] Ibid. Ord. ii. Gen. 2.
[1907] Ibid. t. iii. Gen. 3.
[1908] Ibid. t. v. Gen. 41.
[1909] Ibid. t. xii. Gen. 40.
[1910] Ibid. t. v. Gen. 39.
[1911] Ibid. t. iv. Gen. 29.
[1912] Ibid. t. v. Gen. 42.
[1913] This Cynips inhabits a long polythalamous gall of the bramble.
[1914] Jurine Ibid. t. ii. Gen. 11.
[1915] Ibid. Ord. ii. Gen. 1.
[1916] Ibid. t. iv. Gen. 23.
[1917] Ibid. Gen. 30-32.
[1918] Ibid. t. v. Gen. 40.
[1919] Plate X. Fig. 12, 15. c..
[1926] Leach on Eproboscideous Insects, Mem. Wern. Soc. 1817. t. xxv. f. 3, 5, 8, &c.
[1927] Ibid. t. xxvi. f. 7, 10, 13.
[1928] Insects with short elytra of course must fold their wings nearer the base than those with long ones.
[1931] See above, p. 613, and Chabrier Analyse, &c. 24.
[1936] Stoll Grillons, t. iii. c. f. 11-13.
[1937] Ibid. t. i. c. f. 1, 2.
[1941] Plate X. Fig. 4, 5. and XXVIII. Fig. 21, 22.
[1943] Ibid. Fig. 4, 5. and XXVIII. Fig. 21, 22.
[1951] In Gastropacha quercifolia, &c., amongst the Nocturnal Lepidoptera, these sinuses exist, in the upper wing ten, and in the lower nine, but without the folds.
[1954] For some uses of hairs, see above. p. 399—.
[1955] Analyse, 24. He seems to think that certain crooked hairs, in some wings, supply the place of folds. Ibid.
[1957] Reaum. iv. t. xxxix. f. 4-11.
[1958] A portion of the antenna of the insect here mentioned is figured Plate XII. Fig. 23.
[1959] De Geer i. 63—.
[1960] Reaum. i. 200.
[1961] Hoole's Leeuwenhoek. i. 63—.
[1962] De Geer has given 34 figures of different scales (i. t. iii. f. 28); and in Plate XXII. Fig. 6. a-w. 22 others, collected from Reaumur, are given.
[1963] Stoll Sauterelles à Sabre. Pterophylla ocellata t. i. ii., Cigales, Fulgora laternaria t. i. f. i., and F. serrata t. xxix. f. 170.
[1964] Ibid. Sauter. de Passage, Locusta Dux t. i. 5. L. carinata t. v. b. f. 16. L. cristata t. ix. b. f. 30. &c. &c.
[1966] Scopoli, Hubner.
[1968] N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat. viii. 257.
[1970] Sepp. I. i. t. vii. f. 6.
[1971] Rœmer Genera t. xxii. f. 2.
[1972] Sepp I. iii. t. ii. f. 7.
[1973] Ibid. i. t. vi. f. 7.
[1974] Rœmer ubi supr. t. xiv. f. 1.
[1975] Plates f., r., d†.
[1979] De Geer i. t. xx. f. 11.
[1980] Règne Animal. iii. 546.
[1981] Plate XXVII. Fig. 44, 45.
[1982] Vol. II. p. 312, 363, 365.
[1984] Anatom. Compar. i. 453.
[1986] Plate XXVII. Fig. 18, 19.
[1987] Mr. Montague describes the legs of Nycteribia, as dorsal (Linn. Trans. xi. 13); but Dr. Leach calls them lateral (Samouelle, 303).
[1988] N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat. xxviii. 247.
[1990] Plate XXVII. Fig. 58. M. Savigny affirms that these insects cannot have, and really have not, but one pair to each segment; only that the segments are alternately membranous and shelly, and that the former are concealed under the latter (Anim. sans Vertebr. I. i. 44.): but, pace tanti viri, I cannot discover that any suture separates these portions from each other: so that, admitting his theory, they must be regarded as two segments soldered together.
[1991] It is by this arrangement of the legs that Pachysoma is principally distinguished, as a subgenus, from Scarabæus McL.
[1993] Monogr. Ap. Angl. i. t. xi. Apis **. d. 2. α. f. 18. ii. 296—.
[1994] Oliv. Ins. 68. t. i. f. 8.
[1995] Ibid. n. 6. t. iv. f. 22.
[1997] This variety appears to differ very little from the Curculio imperialis of Fabricius and Olivier, except in the remarkable hairiness of its legs.
[1999] Oliv. Ins. n. 67. t. xx. f. 156.
[2000] See above, p. 591. Some physiologists have been of opinion, that in birds, what is called the thigh should properly be denominated the tibia, and that this last is really the tarsus. Illiger, Terminologie, 184. § 185. n. 1246.
[2001] Plates XIV. XV. XXVII. p.
[2002] Plate XV. Fig. 1. p´´, r´´.
[2004] L. Dufour, Descr. des six Arachn. &c.: Annales Generales, &c. 1820. 19. t. lxix. f. 7. d.
[2005] Plate XIV. XV. XXVII. q´´.
[2006] N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat. xvi. 195. xxvi. 157.
[2007] Plate XXVII. Fig. 12. b.
[2008] Plate XXVII. Fig. 20. q´´.
[2010] Plate XIV. XV. XXVII. r´´.
[2011] See above, p. 591, 662.
[2013] Linn. Trans. xii. t. xxi. f. 12.
[2014] Stoll Spectres t. xvi. f. 58, 59.
[2015] Ibid. t. xviii. f. 65.
[2016] Stoll Spectres t. vii. f. 25.
[2017] Ibid. t. viii. f. 30.
[2018] Ibid. ubi supr.
[2019] Ibid. t. x. f. 40.
[2020] Plate XIV. Fig. 5. This appearance of scales on the thighs is principally confined to this tribe.
[2022] Linn. Trans. xii. t. xxii. f. 16.
[2023] Plate XIV. Fig. 5, and XXVII. Fig. 15. r´´´.
[2024] Plates XIV. XV. XXVII. s´´.
[2025] Plate XXVII. Fig. 21. s´´´. M. Savigny (Anim. sans Vertèbr. 1. i. 46. Note b.) seems to think that this structure obtains in all his Apiropods; viz. the Octopod Aptera, Arachnida, and Myriapoda: but it seems to me evident only in the two tribes mentioned in the text.
[2026] Plate XXVII. Fig. 6, 16, 17. t´´´.
[2027] Plate XXVII. Fig. 15. r´´´.
[2030] Plate XXVII. Fig. 8. Thigh. a. Protuberance. b. Semicircular cavity, c. Ridge. Fig. 9. Tibia. a. Central cavity. b. Ridge. c. Exterior cavity.
[2033] Ibid. Fig. 15. Thigh of Locusta Leach, a. Sinus in which the condyle of the tibia works. Fig. 16. Tibia of Do. aa. Lateral condyles. b. Intermediate one.
[2034] Stoll Punaises, t. x. f. 67. t. xvi. f. 114.
[2035] Stoll Punaises, t. ii. f. 14. t. viii. f. 54. t. xxviii. f. 201. Plate XV. Fig. 2.
[2037] Oliv. Ins. n. 66. t. iii. f. 12. Compare Scarabæus longimanus, Ibid n. 3. t. iv. f. 27.
[2038] Stoll Punaises, t. iii. f. 20.
[2041] Oliv. Ins. n. 68. t. i. f. 8. comp. n. 67. t. xii. f. 83. and Plate XII. Fig. 25. a.
[2042] Vol. II. p. 365. and Plate XV. Fig. 5. 6.
[2043] See above, p. 433, Note1239. and 404, Note1172.
[2045] It is remarkable that in this tribe all the legs may be called raptorious, though the thighs are not incrassated, for they are armed with a double series or more of fine long spurs, which enable them to catch and retain their prey.
[2046] Plate XXVII. Fig. 35. v´´´. Philos. Trans. 1816. t. xix. f. 8, 9. See above, Vol. II. p. 331.
[2047] See above, p. 591, 667, &c.
[2048] Règne Animal, iii. 191. I have never had an opportunity to consult Bonelli's Observ. Entomolog. on the genus Carabus L. in the Memoirs of the Turin Academy.
[2049] Plate XV. Fig. 6. v´´´.
[2050] Coquebert Illustr. Ic. iii. t. xxi. f. 3. D.
[2051] Plate XXVII. Fig. 29. v´´´.
[2052] Most of Latreille's genera of ants are confirmed by differences in their spurs. Thus Formica is 1:1:1; Ponera 1:2:2 with the internal intermediate one pectinated: Myrmica 1:2:2 with all symmetrical, &c.