[2055] Linn. Trans. iv. 200. Note a.
[2056] Plate XXVII. Fig. 32. v´´´.
[2058] Plates XIV. XV. XXVI. XXVII. a´´, t´´.
[2059] Plate XXVI. Fig. 44, 46, 47. a.
[2060] By Geoffroy—Hist. Ins. i. 58.
[2061] The Cleridæ, which M. Latreille has placed in the pentamerous section, vary considerably in the number of their tarsal joints. Thus in general in Thanasimus the tarsi are pentamerous; but in T. formicarius they appear to be heteromerous; and in Enoplium, Opilo, Clerus and Necrobia they are tetramerous. M. Latreille's expression, (N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat. vii. 172.) "le premier article etant fort court et caché sous le second," seems to indicate that there is a fifth joint in some of these, the first being concealed under the second; but I have never been able to discover it. Perhaps he reckoned the pulvillus as a joint?
[2062] The term heteromerous properly belongs to all insects in which the different pairs of tarsi vary inter se in the number of their joints, and it is here used in that large sense.
[2063] These three genera appear really to have only six legs, since the pedipalps or maxillary legs are not armed with claws, while the real representatives of the legs, or three last pair, are so distinguished. In Phrynus and Thelyphona the anterior pair are chelate; but in Galeodes they are pediform, as in the Araneidæ, and the great chelæ are the mandibles.
[2064] Plate XXVI. Fig. 47, 48. d *.
[2065] Plate XXVI. Fig. 49. s.. a.
[2067] Dr. Leach says there are three joints in this tribe. Nat. Misc. iii. 80.
[2068] From De Geer's description this insect seems related to Agathidium (iv. 221—. t. viii. f. 21-23). M. Leclerck de Laval discovered it to be monomerous. Règne Animal, iii. 365.
[2070] See above, p. 311. Note738.
[2071] Melolontha sericea and aurulenta. Linn. Trans. xii. 463. 400. belong to this subgenus.
[2074] Plate XIV. Fig. 7. t´´.
[2079] Mon. Ap. Angl. i. t. xii. neut. f. 20.
[2080] Plate XXVII. Fig. 44. s..
[2081] Plate XXVII. Fig. 26. w´´´.
[2083] L. Dufour Descr. de six Arachnides. Annales, &c. 1820. 19.
[2084] Plate XXVII. Fig. 51. is the posterior claw of Hoplia.
[2092] This structure is not general in this genus.
[2104] Linn. Trans. xii. t. xxii. f. 1.
[2105] For other instances of this structure, see above, p. 336.
[2106] De Geer, iii. 7.
[2107] Ibid. vii. 84. Plate XXVII. Fig. 60, 63.
[2111] Linn. Trans. xii. t. xxi. f. 3.
[2113] Plate XXVII. Fig. 54. Philos. Trans. 1816. t. xviii. f. 9-11.
[2114] Plate XXVII. Fig. 55. t.
[2117] Philos. Trans. 1816. t. xx. f. 9, 12-15.
[2118] Philos. Trans. 1816. t. xx. f. 4, 11.
[2121] Amouroux Insectes Venimeux, 44.
[2122] Observations Nouvelles, &c. Mém. du Mus. viii. 177.
[2123] N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat. xii. 370.
[2124] Descr. de six Arachnides, &c. Annales Gen. des Scienc. Phys. 1820. 19. t. lxix. f. 7. d.
[2125] Anatom. Compar. i. 450.
[2126] Anatom. Compar. i. 451.
[2127] De Geer notices something of the kind in Cimbex femorata. ii. 947.
[2128] It was omitted to be observed, when the supposed pneumatic pouches in the genus Vespa were mentioned (see above, p. 585), that they have also a very conspicuous metaphragm, as probably have most Hymenoptera, to which the muscles that move the wings are attached.
[2129] Plate IX. Fig. 13. F´ is the tendon, G´ the aperture in the abdomen C, and a, the aperture in the trunk B.
[2130] Plate XV. Fig. 11. Linn. Trans. xii. t. xxii. f. 16.
[2131] Surely these Epeiræ, of so different a habit from the rest, form a distinct genus?
[2133] There is reason to suppose that in Chelonus and the Chrysidæ several segments are retracted within the abdomen, and if the cavity of its under side in the latter be examined, it will be discovered that the epigastrium is divided in the middle into two pieces, and that both the sides of this and the following segments are covered by three narrow accessory plates, one to each, the last being the shortest. De Geer (ii. 833.) describes Chrysis ignita as having four abdominal rings; but this is only in appearance, there being really only three. This appearance is produced by the apex of the last dorsal segment being more depressed and marked with several deep little excavations that look like holes. In some species of Stilbum this segment consists as it were of three ridges or steps.
[2134] In this genus the ventral segments are replaced by a long narrow central plate, succeeded by a minute one.
[2135] In this genus the bed of the posterior coxæ appears to consist of two segments, which are beautifully fringed with parallel short bristles.
[2136] Anatom. Compar. i. 451.
[2137] Plate VIII. Fig. 9. A´´, B´.
[2140] Reaum. v. t. xvii. f. 14. a. a.
[2141] Linn. Trans. v. t. xii. f. 15.
[2142] Daldorf (Asiatic Society's Trans. vii.) has divided Geotrupes into two families, one with the podex covered (G. vernalis, &c.) which he calls modesti, the other with it uncovered (G. stercorarius, &c.) which he calls obscæni.
[2145] Sur le Vol des Ins. c. i. Addend. 299.
[2146] In Dytiscus marginalis the upper side of the margin of the Hypochondria is curiously cut into transverse corrugations.
[2147] Plate VIII. Fig. 6. C´.
[2150] Linn. Trans. xi. t. ix. f. 15. b.
[2153] Rœmer. Genera, &c. t. xxiv. f. 4.
[2154] Stoll Spectr. t. vii.
[2157] This tubercle I find only in a specimen from Sweden, sent to me by Major Gyllenhal, but not in any British one I possess. In this specimen the declivity before mentioned (see above, p. 709.) is observable in the first segment, but in the others it is formed by the second.
[2159] Punaises, t. xiii. f. 84.
[2160] Stoll Punaises, t. xiii. f. 101.
[2161] Ibid. t. xvii. f. 117.
[2162] Ibid. t. xxxvi. f. 253.
[2164] De Geer, vi. 260. t. xv. f. 8. d.
[2166] Plate XXIX. Fig. 22. is part of the back of the abdomen of the pupa of a Pentatoma. a the pseudo-spiracle, b the connecting corrugations.
[2169] Treviranus. Arachnid. 23—.
[2170] See above, p. 702, 706.
[2171] Plate XXIX. Fig. 26. represents one of them.
[2173] Plate XV. Fig. 14. M´´. De Geer, vii. t. ii. f. 5, 10, 21.
[2174] Ibid. t. iii. f. 4, 14.
[2176] Plate XVIII. Fig. 5. a.
[2177] Plate XXIX. Fig. 3, 4. De Geer, ii. t. xvii. f. 12. and t. xviii. f. 2.
[2178] Ibid. t. xvi. f. 8-13.
[2179] Plate XV. Fig. 16. S´´.
[2181] Philos. Trans. 1818. t. xxii.
[2182] N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat. ii. 275—. Hoole's Leeuwenh. i. t. ii. f. 19. I.
[2183] Leeuwenh. Epist. 17. Octobr. 1687. f. 10. C.
[2184] Hoole's Leeuwenh. i. t. v. f. 12, 13.
[2185] Treviranus, Arach. 4.
[2186] Treviranus, ubi supr. 14.
[2187] In my specimen including the first joint there are twenty, and some seem to have been broken off. In Rœmer's figure (Genera, t. xxix. f. 11.) there are only ten. Perhaps they vary in number according to the age of the animal.
[2188] Plate XV. Fig. 13, 16, 17.
[2190] I have heard it stated upon good authority that 40,000 species of insects are already known, as preserved in collections. How great, then, must be the number existing in this whole globe!
[2191] 2 Cor. ii. 16.
[2192] Recourse must be had to the synoptical table of the nomenclature of the parts of the external crust of Insects (Vol. III. p. 354) for the explanation of the reference letters not here given.
[2193] Vol. I. p. 394—. III. p. 355—, 394—. IV. p. 305—.
[2195] Probably e´ is resolvable into two pieces.
[2196] Vol. III. p. 367—, 529—. IV. p. 326—.
[2197] Vol. III. p. 367—, 529—. IV. p. 326—.
[2198] Vol. II. p. 347—. III. p. 372—, 595—.
[2199] Vol. III. p. 366, 510—. IV. p. 316—.
[2200] Vol. IV. p. 307. iii, iv. 309. b. 310. d. 313. viii. 328, 334.
[2201] Vol. IV. p. 286—, 338, 345—.
[2203] Vol. IV. p. 351. ii. III. Letter XXXII. Vol. I. p. 65—.
[2204] Ubi supr.