[077] The name Pain Court (Short of Bread), and the similar appellations of Carondelet (Vide Poche—Empty Pocket), and of Ste. Geneviève (Misère—Poverty), are said to have originated in the good-natured raillery between the French of the several settlements. They probably point also to the want often experienced by a trading people who neglected agriculture. For further facts relative to the early history of St. Louis, see Croghan's Journals, in our volume i, note 134, and André Michaux's Travels, in our volume iii, note 138.—Ed.

[078] The lack of a good harbor at St. Louis has occasioned vast trouble and expense. The encroachment of the river on the Illinois side caused sand-bars to form along the city water front, and for many years it seemed likely that the town would eventually be left high and dry. Efforts at improvement were begun in 1833, ox-teams and plows being used to loosen the sand for high water to remove. Both city and federal governments have since made many improvements, the river at that point requiring almost continuous care.—Ed.

[079] George Rapp, the founder of the Harmonites, was born in Würtemberg in 1770. The sect endeavored to revive the practices of the primitive Christian church, communism and celibacy being among its tenets. After founding Harmony, Pennsylvania, in 1803, and New Harmony, Indiana, in 1815, the community settled at Harmony, Pennsylvania, where Rapp died in 1847.—Ed.

[080] C. parviflorum.—James.

[081] Hamamelis virginica, and quercus nigra.—James.

[082] Bradbury's Travels are reprinted as volume v of our series. See preface of that volume for biographical sketch.—Ed.

[083] What we have called base in the following statement is in reality the length of a line passing over the top of the mound, from the termination of the base each side.

The numbers refer to a draft. The heights are estimated, with the exception of two.

At the distance of a mile to the westward, is said to be another large mound. —James.

Comment by Ed. These mounds have been effaced by the growth of the city. The map of them prepared by Long's party was not published until 1861; it will be found on page 387 of the Smithsonian Institution Report for that year.

[084] The uncertainty with which the shell mentioned was classed as Cassis cornutus renders its identification in terms of modern nomenclature practically impossible; such identification could be accurately made only by examination of the same specimen. The value of the argument relative to the origin of the Indians is, therefore, not easy to estimate.—Ed.

[085] From this fact it derived the name "Monk's Mound." The Trappist establishment was made in 1808, but was soon afterwards abandoned. The mound is one of the largest in the United States—the area of the base is six acres, that of the top two; the height is ninety-one feet.—Ed.

[086] Maturin.-James.

Comment by Ed. Charles Robert Maturin (1782-1816) was a Dublin dramatist and novelist. In his writings passages of undoubted eloquence were strangely mingled with extravagance and bombast. The incoherence of his plots and the inconsistency of his characters led many who recognized his genius to believe him mad.

[087] The cordelle was a rope, often several hundred yards long, by means of which men towed boats up rapid streams. When the current was especially strong, the end of the cordelle was attached to a tree and a windlass used.—Ed.

[088] In a section of forty feet perpendicular, of the alluvion of the Mississippi, near New Madrid, Mr. Shultz found seven hundred and ninety-eight layers, indicating an equal number of inundations, in the time of their deposition. Supposing these inundations to have happened yearly, we have an easy method of forming an estimate of the rapidity of the elevation of the bed of the Mississippi. These layers were found to vary in thickness, from one-fourth of an inch to three inches. See Shultz's Travels, vol. ii. p. 90.—James.

[089] Bellefontaine, or Fort Bellefontaine (old Fort Charles the Prince), was occupied by troops until 1826. See Thwaites, Original Journals of the Lewis and Clark Expedition, v, pp. 392, 393, note 2. The site of the newer works mentioned in the text is now uncertain. An island opposite the mouth of Cold Water Creek was the camp of Lewis and Clark the first night after beginning the ascent of the Missouri (May 14, 1804).—Ed.

[090] Tilia Americana. The Podalyria alba, anemone virginiana, polygala incarnata (prairies) anagallis arvensis, lathyrus decaphyllus, ranunculus fluviatalis, carex multiflora, &c. were collected at Bellefontain. Dr. Baldwin's MS. Notes.—James.

[091] The correct orthography of the word is Charbonnière, which means "carrying coals."—Ed.

[092] This was Benjamin O'Fallon, whose mother was the youngest sister of George Rogers and William Clark; his father, Dr. James O'Fallon, was a Revolutionary character and prominent Kentucky pioneer. A brother, John O'Fallon, was in the middle of the century, one of the most prominent citizens of St. Louis.

John Dougherty was later for many years agent for the Oto, Pawnee, and Omaha tribes.—Ed.

[093] For St. Charles, see Bradbury's Travels, in our volume v, note 9.—Ed.

[094] The vegetable productions at this place were, the populus deltoides, occupying the narrow margin of the river (not here preceded by the salix angustata, as is generally the case in recent alluvial grounds on the Ohio and Mississippi); the amorpha fruticosa,[A] and platanus occidentalis, next follow. The margin of the bluff produces the quercus rubra, juglans pubescens, carpinus Americana, (around the latter, we observed the celastrus scandens entwined and in fruit,) and on higher grounds, the laurus sassafras and juniperus Virginianus. Of herbaceous plants, the only one in flower was the rudbeckia fulgida. The higher parts of the hills were in many places thickly covered with species of elymus and andropogon, the summits being usually quite naked, and consisting of horizontal masses of ferruginous coloured sandstone. Baldwin.—JAMES.

[A] This beautiful flowering shrub occupies the low lands of Georgia, on the sea coast, but is not confined to the margin of rivers, as appears to be the case on the Missouri.

[095] On Point L'Abbadie, see Bradbury's Travels, comprising our volume v, note 13.—Ed.

[096] Baldwin.—James.

[097] Dardenne Creek flows northeast across St. Charles County to the Mississippi, as do nearly all the watercourses of this county. It and the township of the same name are so called from one of the early settlers.—Ed.

[098] Perruque (Wig) Creek is said to commemorate the adventure of a Frenchman whose wig became entangled in the branches of a tree while he was crossing the stream.—Ed.

[099] Thomas Kennedy, a Revolutionary veteran from Virginia came to Warren County, Missouri, early in 1808. His stockade and blockhouse, built for protection against the Indians during the War of 1812-15, stood a mile and a half southeast of Wright City.—Ed.

[100] The course of the party had been northwest through St. Clair and Warren counties, and thence south by west to the river. Loutre Island is on the boundary between Warren and Montgomery counties.—Ed.

[101] This affair took place March 7, 1815. Captain James Callaway was the grandson of Daniel Boone. His company consisted besides himself of a lieutenant and fourteen men.—Ed.

[102] Loutre (Otter) Island was the site of the first settlements in Montgomery County, which probably date back to 1798. There were two Talbots among the early arrivals, Christopher and Hale. Among their neighbors were the Thorps, Ashcrafts, Coles, Pattons, and Coopers—there were two or three families of each, most of them being from Kentucky. The father of "Kit" Carson was another member of the community.—Ed.

[103] Of Gasconade in 1823 it is said, "very few buildings are as yet erected, and it is very doubtful whether its increase will be as rapid as was anticipated." It was the first seat of Gasconade County, but was supplanted by Hermann. At present its population numbers less than one hundred.

The description of Gasconade River is adequate. The "Yungar" fork of Osage is now called Niangua (Osage word for bear).—Ed.

[104] Au Vase (Muddy) has been corrupted to Auxvasse, and there are now two streams in Callaway County bearing this name. The larger, also called Big Muddy Creek, is the first important stream above the Gasconade. Bear (or Loose) Creek, is seven miles farther up, and the second Auxvasse, which answers the description in the text, is just beyond. Other tributaries are Deer Creek, from the south, just above Big Muddy River, and Middle River, from the north, opposite Bear Creek. The stream called Revoe's Creek a few lines below, is now Rivaux (Rivals) Creek.

For Côte Sans Dessein, see Bradbury's Travels, comprising our volume v, note 20.—Ed.

[105] The grants of land in Louisiana under Spanish rule were in a marked degree irregular and heterogeneous. Only those were complete which had received endorsement by the governor-general at New Orleans. Most of the settlers were too poor to undertake the journey thither and pay the required fees; a tacit right of occupation was therefore permitted by the local officials, lands were unsurveyed, and much confusion resulted. During the last decade of Spanish authority (1794-1804) large numbers of Americans had been tempted to cross the Mississippi and stake out claims in upper Louisiana. Some of these were bona fide settlers, more mere speculators; and after the rumor of Spanish cession to France was heard, fraudulent grants were made in large numbers. Upon knowledge of this, the congress of the United States in the act of March 26, 1804, revoked all grants made since the treaty of San Ildefonso (1800) with a proviso exempting the rights of actual settlers. This law created much dissatisfaction, and petitions for redress were sent from both upper Louisiana and Orleans Territory. See American State Papers, "Miscellaneous," i, pp. 396-405. Thereupon Congress passed acts for redress—that for upper Louisiana (March 2, 1805) creating a commission, which first met in St. Louis, September 20, 1806; but its final report was not made until 1812. See American State Papers, "Public Lands," ii, pp. 388-603.

The lands set apart for the relief of sufferers by the New Madrid earthquakes were known as "New Madrid grants." Auguste Chouteau established the first distillery in St. Louis by the aid of an extensive grant.—Ed.

[106] The hero of this exploit was a Frenchman bearing the name of Baptiste Louis Roi.—Ed.

[107] Miegia macrosperma of Persoon.—James.

[108] The Nishnebottona (Nishnabotna) enters the Missouri in Atchison County, in the northwest corner of the state. See post, note 166.—Ed.

[109] From Bay Charles Hill, four miles below Hannibal, Missouri, we received, through Dr. Sommerville, several organic remains. Among them are the following:—

Carbonate of Lime.

One specimen contains exclusive quantities of segments of the encrinite of small diameter, from one-fourth of an inch down to minute.

Another specimen also, with numerous small encrinites, has a very wide and short radiated productus.

Another specimen, a grayish chert, containing cavities formed by the solution and disappearance of encrinites. The parts of these which were originally hollow when in the state of carbonate of lime, being subsequently filled with chert, now show the nature of the fossil, being cylindrical cavities, with a solid centre and transverse partitions, the largest three-tenths of an inch wide.

From Rector's-hill, adjoining the village of Clarksville, Missouri, from Dr. Sommerville's collection:—

A specimen of oolite—carbonate of lime.

It is composed of small spherical granules in contact with each other, which, in their fracture, exhibit rather a concentric tendency, with the appearance of a central nucleus; but we could not perceive any decided evidences of former organization in them. Imbedded in the mass are a few columnar segments of encrinites, and a portion of a compressed bivalve, which, in the form of its radiating lines, resembles a pecten.

From Charbonière:—

A specimen in argillaceous sandstone of a portion of a leaf like the nelumbium. It is only the middle portion of the impression of the leaf that remains, being of an oval form of about five inches in greatest diameter, the rest being broken away; the stalk has been broken off at the junction of the leaf.

Productus spinosus. Say.

A small species of terebratula, in width two-fifths, and in length more than seven-tenths of an inch—an internal cast—individuals very numerous, varying much in size, the smallest being about one-fifth of an inch wide.

From the Mammelles near St. Charles:—

Productus: a portion of a valve, and smaller portion of the opposite valve of a remarkably large species, of which the proportions may have been not dissimilar to that of the Ency. Meth. pl. 244. fig. 5. The striæ are similar to those of that shell, except in being somewhat smaller; and the groove of one valve, and consequent elevation of the other, not so profound, less abrupt, and more angular in the middle, and far less prominent on the edge of the shell. It may justly be named grandis, as its hinge width was more than 3½ inches.—James.

[110] The town established here was Osage City. In 1823 it was described as still "nearly in a state of nature." The present population is about five hundred.—Ed.

[111] Moreau's Creek (River à Morou, Marrow Creek, Murrow Creek) flows from the south. Moreau signifies "extremely black."

Just above Cedar Island is Jefferson City (Missouriopolis on the map,) the state capital.—Ed.

[112] Mast Creek cannot be identified with certainty, as there are several small creeks where Lewis and Clark locate it, fourteen and a half miles above Cedar Island. The name was given because of an accident to the mast of their vessel.—Ed.

[113] Nashville was laid out in 1819, on land owned by a man named Nash. The site was on the river, just below Providence, Boone County, but the town was destroyed by a change of the channel.

The site of Smithton was a half mile west of the court house in the town of Columbia, but the difficulty in obtaining water there led to removal in 1820 to the site of Columbia. The original town was named Smithton in honor of Thomas A. Smith, land office register at Franklin. See post, note 118.—Ed.

[114] Roche à Pierce is a corruption of a phrase meaning "pierced rock," which has been restored in the present name of the stream (Roche Percée). The mouth of the river is just above Providence.

On some maps, Splice Creek is Spice Creek.—Ed.

[115] The Little Saline (Petite Saline) flows from the south. Big Manito Creek (now corrupted to Moniteau) debouches at Rocheport, on the north side of the river. Another Moniteau Creek enters the Missouri from the south, at the Thousand Islands, near the boundary between Cole and Moniteau counties.—Ed.

[116] The disaster feared actually occurred in 1828. Franklin was laid off in 1816, being named for the famous Philadelphian. For a decade it was a town of considerable importance. It was the county seat, contained the United States land office, and was the point of departure for the Santa Fé country. Most of the inhabitants hailed from Kentucky, Tennessee, and Virginia, and at one time numbered between fifteen hundred and two thousand. When the encroachments of the river drove away the residents, they founded New Franklin, two miles distant, and thereafter the earlier site was known as Old Franklin.—Ed.

[117] In compact limestone, which had been subjected to the action of fire, we observed segments of encrinites becoming easily detached. They were three-fifths of an inch in diameter, varying to the size of fine sand. At Boonsville we found a small ostrea and a terebratula, in carbonate of lime.—James.

[118] Thomas A. Smith, a native of Virginia, attained the rank of brigadier-general during the War of 1812-15. Resigning his commission in 1818, he was appointed receiver of the land office at Old Franklin, Missouri. In 1826 he removed to a large tract of prairie land on Salt Fork, Saline County, about eight miles from Marshall. This being one of the earliest attempts to occupy prairie land, Smith called his estate "Experiment." He was an intimate friend of Senator Thomas A. Benton. See volume xvi of our series, note 91, for his military record.—Ed.

[119] In a letter addressed to Mr. Frazer, an extract from which was published in the tenth volume of the London Journal of Literature and the Arts, Dr. Baldwin mentions having discovered near Monte Video, in South America, the Solanum Tuberosum in its native locality. Mr. Lambert, however, considered this plant as the Solanum Commersoni of Dunal; and though it produces tuberous roots, and in other respects makes a near approach to S. tuberosum, he was not satisfied of their identity, and remarks that it is yet to be proved, that this is the stock from which the common potatoe has been derived. It appears, however, that the original locality of the solanum tuberosum has been ascertained by Ruiz and Pavon, after having escaped the observation of Humboldt and Bonpland.—James.

[120] Frederick Pursh was born in Siberia, in 1774. Coming to the United States at the age of twenty-five, he spent twelve years in botanical studies, the results of which were published in England under the title Flora Americae Septentrionalis, or a Systematic Arrangement and Description of the Plants of North America (London, 2 vols., 1814). Pursh died at Montreal in 1820, while preparing a flora of Canada.

For sketch of Muhlenberg, see F. A. Michaux's Travels, in our volume iii, note 9.

Aimé Bonpland (1773-1858) was a French scientist and traveller. It has been said that the expedition of Humboldt and Bonpland in tropical America (1799-1804) "laid the foundation of the sciences of physical geography and meteorology in their larger bearings." The fruit of their joint labors appeared at Paris in 1807, under the title Voyage aux régions équinoxiales du nouveau continent.—Ed.

[121] Above Cote Sans Dessein, we saw frequently the Juglans nigra, and J. pubescens, called white hickory; also a species of Cratægus, which, though sometimes seen in Pennsylvania, appears to be hitherto undescribed. Its fruit is large, yellow when ripe, and of an agreeable flavour. On the evening of the 11th we anchored opposite a steep bank, which I was assisted to climb; but night came on, and put an end to our herbarizations before I had the opportunity to collect any thing interesting. The soil here is a dark vegetable mould, at least five feet in depth, and little intermixed with sand. I ascended the same bank on the following morning, but found nothing except a species of Carex that I do not recollect to have seen before.

After getting under weigh, we passed high calcareous bluffs on the left side of the river, covered with timber, and reminding us of the deep umbrageous forests within the tropics.

Franklin, July 15th. Portulacca sativa, Solanum nigrum, Urticapumila, Datura strammonium, and Phytolacca decandra, occur by the road side. Blackberries were now ripe, but not well-flavoured. Campanula Americana, the large Vernonia mentioned at Cote Sans Dessein, now flowering.

Some plants were brought in, among which we distinguished the Monarda fistulosa, Achillea millefolia, Cacalia atriplicifolia, called "horse-mint," Queria canadensis, Menispermum lyoni, Verbena urticifolia. The Annona triloba is frequent about Franklin; also the Laurus benzoin, and the Symphoria now in flower, the Rhus glabrum, Cercis canadensis, Ampelousis quinquefolia, Eupatorium purpureum, in flower. Cucubalus stellatus, still flowering. The Prickly-fruited Æsculus has nearly ripened its nut, Zanthoxylon clava herculis, in fruit, a "wild gourd" not in flower.

July 26th. The Gleditschia is a small tree here; Geum album, Myosotis virginiana, Amaranthus hybridus, Erigeron canadense, Solanum carolinianum, very luxuriant and still flowering. The leaf of the Tilia glabra I found to measure thirteen inches in length, and eleven in breadth. Bignonia radicans, Dioscorea villosa, a Helianthus with a leaf margined with spines, the narrow-leaved Brachystemum, the Lyatris pycnostachia, Rudbeckia purpurea, and various others in flower. Juglans porcina and cinerea, Ostrya virginica, Rhus copallinum.—August 4th. Dr. Lowry informed me he has seen Pyrus coronaria, forty feet in height, in the forests about Franklin. He showed me a Rudbeckia about three feet high with a cone of dark purple flowers, probably a new species.

5th. Eupatorium hieracifolium beginning to flower, Menispermum canadense, here called "sarsaparilla," its slender yellow roots being substituted for that article.

6th. A Mimulus is found here resembling M. ringens, but the leaves are not sessile; peduncle very short, flowers large, pink-coloured, stem acutely quadrangular; Campanula Americana, three and a half feet high.—James.

[122] The name of this river has undergone many changes, appearing as Charleton, Charlatan, Chératon, Charliton, Chareton, and Charlotte; the form Chariton has now become fixed. The origin is unknown.

The town here mentioned, two miles north of Glasgow, was laid out by Duff Green, a famous Jacksonian politician, and other associates. The growth was for a few years so rapid that one settler exchanged St. Louis lots for an equal number in Chariton; but the location proved unhealthful, and was abandoned in 1829. Monticello, on higher ground, a mile away, and Thorntonsburg, at the mouth of the Chariton, were founded in succession, but likewise disappeared. Glasgow, laid out in 1836, was the first permanent town in the vicinity.—Ed.

[123] The Des Moines River. The Illinois Indians called their habitat Moingona. The French contracted this to les Moins, and called this stream la Rivière des Moins. Later the name became associated with the Trappist monks (moines), and by a play on words was changed to la Rivière des Moines.—Ed.

[124] On the Sauk and Foxes, see Bradbury's Travels, in our volume v, note 21. For the Iowa, see Brackenridge's Journal, in our volume vi, note 13.—Ed.

[125] Changes in the river have obliterated the channel here called the Cut-Off.—Ed.

[126] The coal-fields of Missouri have an area of about twenty-six thousand square miles; a line drawn southwest from the mouth of the Des Moines River to Vernon County roughly bounds the district. Northwest of this line every county contains coal, and there are outlying patches on the southeast.—Ed.

[127] Arrow Rock (the Pièrre à flèche of early French explorers) stands on the west side of the river, in Saline County. The first settlements in the county were made in the neighboring bottoms, and the earliest ferry west of Franklin crossed the river at this point. The rock gave its name to a town founded in 1829, which for a time was the county seat and an important shipping point.—Ed.

[128] Le Mine (Lamine, or La Mine) River empties into the Missouri seven miles above Booneville, Cooper County. Renaudière named the stream Rivière à la Mine, in 1723. It is about a hundred and thirty miles long. Salt Fork, here called "saline fork," the principal tributary, crosses Saline county roughly parallel with the Missouri.—Ed.

[129] In 1720 Philip Renault, director-general of mines of the French colonies in America, sent prospecting parties from Fort Chartres, into Missouri and Arkansas, to seek gold and silver. These curious "diggings" are by some supposed to have been made by his men. Charles Lockhart, mentioned in the text, employed a number of men in 1819 in digging over some of these old pits, but without making any important discoveries.—Ed.

[130] Grand Pass received its name from the fact that the Osage trace, connecting farther west with the Santa Fé trail, here followed the narrow divide between Salt Fork and the Missouri bottom. This "pass" is about a mile and a half long, and in one place so narrow that a stone can be thrown across. A hotel was built here in 1835, and a small village now occupies the spot. For a short time during a flood in 1875, part of the water of Salt Fork flowed across the divide.—Ed.

[131] The entire courses of both the Tabeau and Little Tabeau are within Lafayette County. The mouth of the larger is near the boundary between Ray and Carroll counties. The name is sometimes erroneously spelled Tabo and Tebo.—Ed.

[132] For derivation of this name, see Brackenridge's Journal, in our volume vi, note 14.—Ed.

[133] This stream debouches at the boundary between Jackson and Lafayette counties, south of the Missouri. Its name is usually shortened to Fire Creek. Lewis and Clark applied the name Fire Prairie Creek to a stream which entered from the north. No stream nearer than Clear Creek, or Fishing Creek, five miles above Fire Creek, answers their description.—Ed.

[134] A variety of this species, the Cervus Virginianus, three specimens of which occurred at Engineer cantonment, had all the feet white near the hoofs, and extending to them on the hind part from a little above the spurious hoofs. This white extremity was divided upon the sides of the foot by the general colour of the leg, which extended down near to the hoof, leaving a white triangle in front, of which the point was elevated rather higher than the spurious hoofs. The black mark upon the lower lip, rather behind the middle of the sides, was strongly noted—

This species, common as it is, was never figured, nor indeed very well described, until the year 1819, when it appeared in the valuable work of Messrs. Geoffroy and F. Cuvier (Hist. Nat. des Mammiferes, 2d liv.) Its highest northern range is Canada, in North America; and it is found as far south as the river Orinoco, in South America.

This species is leanest in February and March, and in best condition in October and November. The rutting season commences in November, and continues about one month, ceasing generally about the middle of December. During this season the neck of the male becomes much dilated.

The fawn, towards autumn, loses its spots; and the hair becomes grayish, and lengthens in the winter. In this state the deer is said by the hunters to be in the gray. This coat is shed in the latter part of May and beginning of June, and is then substituted by the reddish coat. In this state the animal is said to be in the red. Towards the last of August the old bucks begin to change to the dark bluish colour; the doe commences this change a week or two later. In this state they are said to be in the blue. This coat gradually lengthens until it comes again to the gray. The skin is said to be toughest in the red, thickest in the blue, and thinnest in the gray. The blue skin is most valuable.

The horns are cast in January. They lose the velvet the last of September and beginning of October. About the middle of March, Mr. Peale shot a large doe, in the matrix of which were three perfectly formed young, of the size of a rabbit.—James.

[135] This rifle regiment, under Colonel Talbot Chambers, was a contingent of the troops assigned to the Yellowstone expedition. See preface.—Ed.

[136] Fort Osage was surrounded by a tract six miles square. It was the only government trading factory west of the Mississippi. The post was occupied at intervals until 1827, when it was superseded by Fort Leavenworth and permanently abandoned. The site was near that of the present town of Sibley, Jackson County, which was named in honor of George C. Sibley (see volume v of our series, note 36), who was (1818-25) government agent at Fort Osage. The distance above Chariton River, by the government survey of the Missouri, is a hundred and twenty miles. See our volume v, note 31.—Ed.

[137] A sketch of Boone as a Missouri pioneer will be found in Bradbury's Travels, in our volume v, note 16.—Ed.

[138] From Fort Osage.

Productus spinosus, Say.—Longitudinally and transversely subequally striated, the transverse striæ somewhat larger than the others; a few remote short spines, or acute tubercles, on the surface, arising from the longitudinal striæ.

Breadth an inch and a half; the striæ are somewhat indistinct—as in No. 5.

Productus incurvus, Say.—Shell much compressed; hinge margin nearly rectilinear; surface of the valves longitudinally striated; convex valve longitudinally indented in the middle; the beak prominent and incurved at tip; opposite valve with a longitudinal prominence in the middle; the beak incurved into the hinge beneath the other beak, and distant from it.

Width more than 2²⁄₅ inches. A few univalves also occurred, but they were so extremely imperfect that their genera could not be made out.

A dark-coloured carbonate of lime, containing small Terebratulæ like the T. ovata of Sowerby, but less than half as long.

No. 1. a mass of carbonate of lime, containing segments of encrinites in small ossicula.

6. A Caryophylla of a single star, about four inches long, of an irregularly transversely undulated surface, imperfect at each end, but seems to have been attached at base. Near the base it is bent at an angle of about 45 degrees.

Some small and young specimens of the Terebratula, like T. subundata of Sowerby.

Miliolites centralis. Say.

12. Astrea. A species of very minute alveoles. From the state of the petrifaction no radii are perceptible, so that the genus is not determinable.

Saltworks near Arrow Rock. Columnar segments of the Encrinus.

Inferior portion of the head of A. Pentramea. Say.

Segments of the column of an oval encrinus, much narrower in the middle than the oval vertebra of an encrinite represented by Parkinson, Vol. 2. pl. 13. f. 40.—resembling those of the genus Platycrinites of Miller.—James.