Every attempt has been made to replicate the original book as printed. Some typographical errors have been corrected. A list follows the text.
No attempt has been made to correct or normalize words in Spanish or other languages.
(etext transcriber's note)

THE INQUISITION OF SPAIN

WORKS BY THE SAME AUTHOR

A HISTORY OF THE INQUISITION OF THE MIDDLE AGES. In three volumes, octavo.

A HISTORY OF AURICULAR CONFESSION AND INDULGENCES IN THE LATIN CHURCH. In three volumes, octavo.

AN HISTORICAL SKETCH OF SACERDOTAL CELIBACY IN THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH. Third edition. (In preparation.)

A FORMULARY OF THE PAPAL PENITENTIARY IN THE THIRTEENTH CENTURY. One volume, octavo. (Out of print.)

SUPERSTITION AND FORCE. Essays on The Wager of Law, The Wager of Battle, The Ordeal, Torture. Fourth edition, revised. In one volume, 12mo.

STUDIES IN CHURCH HISTORY. The Rise of the Temporal Power, Benefit of Clergy, Excommunication, The Early Church and Slavery. Second edition. In one volume, 12mo.

CHAPTERS FROM THE RELIGIOUS HISTORY OF SPAIN, CONNECTED WITH THE INQUISITION. Censorship of the Press, Mystics and Illuminati, Endemoniadas, El Santo Niño de la Guardia, Brianda de Bardaxí.

THE MORISCOS OF SPAIN. THEIR CONVERSION AND EXPULSION. In one volume, 12mo.

A HISTORY
OF THE
INQUISITION OF SPAIN

BY
HENRY CHARLES LEA. LL.D.

———
IN FOUR VOLUMES
———

VOLUME IV.

———

New York
THE MACMILLAN COMPANY
LONDON: MACMILLAN & CO., Ltd. 1922
All rights reserved

PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Copyright, 1907,
By THE MACMILLAN COMPANY.
——
Set up and electrotyped. Published January, 1907.

CONTENTS OF VOL. IV.

BOOK VIII—SPHERES OF ACTION (Continued).
Chapter V—Mysticism.
PAGE
Antiquity of Mystic Aspirations	1
Dangers—Impeccability—Independence	2
Illuminism and Quietism—Confusion with Protestantism—Uncertainty as to Source of Visions—Contempt for Theology	4
Development in Spain	6
Commencement of Persecution—The Mystics of Guadalajara	7
Francisca Hernández	9
María Cazalla—The Group in Toledo—Ignatius Loyola	13
Archbishop Carranza—San Francisco de Borja—Luis de Granada—the Jesuits	15
Fray Alonso de la Fuente—his struggle with Jesuitism	19
The Alumbrados of Llerena	23
Hostility of the Inquisition to Mysticism	24
Padre Gerónimo de la Madre de Dios	26
Mística Theología of Fernando de Caldera	29
Prosecution of the Mystics of Seville—Condemnation of Alumbrado Errors	29
Illuminism becomes formal Heresy—Procedure	34
Madre Luisa de Carrion	36
Influence of Mystics—Sor María de Agreda	39
Mysticism in Italy—Canon Pandolfo Ricasoli—The Impostor Giuseppe Borri—The Sequere me	42
The Pelagini of Lombardy	46
Miguel de Molinos—Condemnation of Mysticism	49
The Beccarellisti	61
Mysticism in France—Condemnation of Fénelon	62
Molinism in Spain—Persecution	68
Bishop Toro of Oviedo	71
Madre Agueda de Luna	76
Fray Eusebio de Villaroja—abusive Methods	77
Mysticism regarded as delusion	79
Prevalence of Imposture	81
Magdalena de la Cruz	82
Madre María de la Visitacion	83
Variable Treatment of Imposture	86
The Beata Dolores—The Beata de Cuenca—The Beata Clara	89
Sor Patrocinio	92
Chapter VI—Solicitation
Frequency of Seduction in the Confessional	95
Invention of the Confessional Stall	96
Leniency of Spiritual Courts	97
The Inquisition indirectly seeks Jurisdiction	98
Paul IV and Pius IV grant Jurisdiction	99
The Regular Clergy endeavor to obtain Exemption	100
Legislation of Gregory XV—Struggle with Bishops over Jurisdiction	100
Solicitation included in Edict of Faith	105
Difficulty of inducing Women to denounce Culprits	106
Solicitation a technical Offence against the Sacrament, not against Morals	109
Difficulty of practical Definition	110
Passive Solicitation	111
Absolution of the Partner in Guilt	113
Facility of evading Penalty	114
Flagellation—Connection with Illuminism	116
Procedure—Tenderness for Delinquents	119
Two Denunciations required	123
Registers kept of Soliciting Confessors	125
Moderation of Penalties	126
Self-Denunciation—It finally secures immunity	130
Statistics of Cases—Predominance of the Regular Orders	134
Chapter VII—Propositions
Growth of Jurisdiction over Utterances, public and private	138
Influence of habitual Delation	138
Danger incurred by trivial Remarks	140
Severity of Penalties—Question of Belief and Intention	142
Special Propositions—Marriage better than Celibacy	144
Fornication between the Unmarried no Sin	145
Theological Propositions—Case of Fray Luis de Leon	148
Scholastic Disputation, its Dangers	150
Fray Luis accused of Disrespect for the Vulgate	151
Arrested and imprisoned March 27, 1572	153
Endless Debates over multiplying Articles of Accusation	154
Vote in discordia, September 18, 1576	156
Acquitted by the Suprema, December 7, 1576	157
Second trial in 1582 for Utterances in Debate—Acquittal	159
Francisco Sánchez, his Contempt for Theology	162
He is summoned and reprimanded, September 24, 1584	164
Again summoned and imprisoned, September 25, 1600—his Death	166
Fray Joseph de Sigüenza—Plot against him in his Order	168
Prefers Trial by the Inquisition—is acquitted	170
Case of Padre Alonso Romero, S. J.	171
Prosecutions of incautious Preachers	172
Increasing Proportion of Cases of Propositions, continuing to the last	176
Chapter VIII—Sorcery and Occult Arts.
Accumulation of Superstitious Beliefs in Spain	179
Toleration in the early Middle Ages	180
John XXII orders Persecution of Sorcery	181
Persistent Toleration in Spain	182
The Inquisition obtains Jurisdiction	183
Question as to Heresy—Pact with the Demon	184
The Demon omnipresent in Superstitious Practices—Hermaphrodites	186
Belief thus strengthened in Divination and Magic	189
The Inquisition thus obtains exclusive Jurisdiction	190
Astrology—Its Teaching suppressed in the University of Salamanca	192
Procedure—Directed to prove Pact with the Demon	195
Penalties—Less severe than in secular Courts	197
Rationalistic Treatment in Portuguese Inquisition	202
Prosecuted as a Reality in Spain, to the last	203
Increase in the Number of Cases	204
Belief remains undiminished to the present time	205
Chapter IX—Witchcraft.
Distinctive Character of Witchcraft—The Sabbat	206
Origin in the 14th Century—Rapid Development in the 15th	207
Genesis of Belief in the Sabbat—The Canon Episcopi	208
Discussion as to Delusion or Reality—Witch-Burnings	209
Congregation of 1526 deliberates on the Subject	212
Witch Epidemics—Active Persecution	214
The Suprema restrains the Zeal of the Tribunals	216
Enlightened Instructions	219
Auto-suggestive Hypnotism of confessed Witches	220
Conflict with secular Courts over Jurisdiction	222
Lenient Punishment	223
Retrogression—The Logroño Auto of 1610	225
Revulsion of Feeling—Pedro de Valencia	228
Alonso de Salazar Frias commissioned to investigate	230
His rationalistic Report	231
Instructions of 1614 virtually put an end to Persecution	235
Persistent Belief—Torreblanca	239
Witchcraft Epidemics disappear	240
Witchcraft in the Roman Inquisition	242
The Witchcraft Craze throughout Europe	246
Chapter X—Political Activity.
Assertion that the Inquisition was a political Instrument	248
No Trace of its Agency in the Development of Absolutism	249
Rarely called upon for extraneous Service	251
Case of Antonio Pérez	253
Assassination of Juan de Escobedo	254
Pérez replaced by Granvelle—is imprisoned—escapes to Saragossa—is condemned in Madrid	255
Futile Attempts to prosecute him before the Justicia of Aragon	258
The Inquisition called in and prosecutes him for Blasphemy	258
He is surrendered to the Tribunal—the City rises and rescues him	259
Philip’s Army occupies Saragossa—Pérez escapes to France—Execution of the Justicia Lanuza	263
Prosecutions by the Inquisition in opposition to the policy of Philip II—Auto de fe of October 20, 1592	267
Córtes of Tarazona in 1592 curtail the Liberties of Aragon	269
Death of Pérez in 1611—his memory absolved in 1615	272
Sporadic Cases of Intervention by the Inquisition	273
It is used in the War of Succession	275
Gradually becomes subservient under the Bourbons	276
Is a political Instrument under the Restoration	277
Sometimes used to enforce secular Law—The Export of Horses	278
Chapter XI—Jansenism.
Indefinable Character of Jansenism, except as opposed to Ultramontanism	284
Struggle in Spanish Flanders	286
Quarrel with Rome over the Condemnation of Cardinal Noris in the Index of 1747	288
Opposition to Ultramontanism and Jesuitism persecuted as Jansenism	292
Expulsion of the Jesuits—Reaction under Godoy	294
Chapter XII—Free-Masonry.
Development of Masonry—Condemned by the Holy See	298
Persecuted by the Inquisition and the Crown	300
It becomes revolutionary in Character	303
Persecution under the Restoration	304
Its pernicious Activity in the Constitutional Period	306
Chapter XIII—Philosophism.
Growth of Incredulity towards the End of the Eighteenth Century	307
Olavide selected as a Victim	308
Impression produced by his Trial	311
Struggle between Conservatism and Progress	312
Chapter XIV—Bigamy.
Assumption of Jurisdiction over Bigamy	316
Based on inferential Heresy	318
The Civil and Spiritual Courts strive to preserve their Jurisdiction	319
Penalties	321
Contest over Jurisdiction revived—Carlos III subdivides it into three	323
The Inquisition reasserts it under the Restoration	326
Number of Cases	327
Chapter XV—Blasphemy.
Distinction between heretical and non-heretical Blasphemy	328
Contests over Jurisdiction with the spiritual and secular Courts	329
Attempts at Definition of heretical Blasphemy	330
Cumulative Jurisdiction	333
Moderation of Penalties	334
Number of Cases	335
Chapter XVI—Miscellaneous Business.
Marriage in Orders	336
Personation of Priesthood	339
Roman Severity and Spanish Leniency	340
Hearing of Confessions by Laymen	344
Personation of Officials	344
Demoniacal Possession	348
Insults to Images	352
Uncanonized Saints	355
The Plomos del Sacromonte	357
The Immaculate Conception	359
Unnatural Crime	361
Jurisdiction conferred in the Kingdoms of Aragon	363
The Portuguese Inquisition obtains Jurisdiction	365
Trials conducted under secular Procedure	366
Penalties	367
Case of Don Pedro Luis Galceran de Borja	370
Usury	371
Jurisdiction abandoned	374
Morals	375
The Seal of Confession	377
General Utility	378
BOOK IX—CONCLUSION.
Chapter I—Decadence and Extinction.
Independence of the Inquisition in the XVII Century	385
The Bourbons.
Increased Control exercised by Philip V	386
Gradual Diffusion of Enlightenment	387
Progress under Carlos III—he limits Inquisitorial Privilege	389
Influence of the French Revolution	390
Diminished Respect—Increasing Moderation	392
Projects of Reform—Jovellanos—Urquijo	394
Growth of Opposition—Bishop Grégoire and his Opponents	397
The Cortes.
The Napoleonic Invasion and the Uprising of Spain	399
The Inquisition supports the Intrusive Government	400
Its desultory Functions during the War of Liberation	402
The Extraordinary Córtes assemble, September 24, 1810	403
Freedom of the Press decreed—Controversy on the Inquisition	404
The Constitution adopted	406
Prolonged Struggle over the Suppression of the Inquisition—Carried January 26, 1813	407
Resistance of the Clergy	414
Reaction preceding the Return of Fernando VII	418
The Restoration.
Character of Fernando VII	420
Proscription of the Liberals	421
The Inquisition re-established	424
Its Reconstruction and financial Embarrassments	426
Resumption of Functions	429
Its diminished Authority—Its Moderation	430
The Revolution of 1820.
Growing Disaffection culminates in successful Revolution	434
Fernando compelled to abolish the Inquisition, March 9, 1820	436
Suicide of Liberalism	438
Quarrel with the Church—Increasing Anarchy	440
The Congress of Verona orders Intervention	444
The French Invasion—Ferdinand carried to Cádiz	446
Proscription of the Liberals	448
Fernando released and returns to Power	449
Ten Years of Reaction.
Absolutism revenges itself on Liberalism	450
Fernando refuses to revive the Inquisition	453
Discontent of the Extremists—Rising in Catalonia	456
Dormant Condition of the Inquisition	458
Episcopal juntas de fe—Execution of Cayetano Ripoll	460
Cristina.
The Question of Succession causes Reversal of Policy	462
Death of Fernando VII—The Carlist War—Alliance of the Regent Cristina with the Liberals	466
The Inquisition definitely abolished, July 15, 1834	467
Gradual Development of Toleration	469
Chapter II—Retrospect.
Vicissitudes in the History of Spain	472
Causes of Decadence—Misgovernment of the Hapsburgs	473
Industry crushed by Taxation	478
Lack of Means of Intercommunication—The Mesta	480
Debasement of the Coinage	482
Aversion for Labor	483
Multiplication of Offices—Empleomanía	485
Gradual Recuperation under the Bourbons	486
Inordinate Growth of the Church in Numbers and Wealth	488
Demoralization of the Clergy	496
Clerical Influence—Development of Intolerance	498
Superficial Character of Religion	502
Results of Intolerance	504
Influence of the Inquisition on the People	507
Contemporary opinion of its Services	508
Indifference to Morals	509
Disregard for Law—Aspirations to Domination	511
Suppression of adverse Opinion	513
Statistics of its Operations	516
Conscientious Cruelty	525
Persecution Profitable	527
Influence on Intellectual Development	528
Result of seeking to control the Human Conscience	531
Appendix of Documents	535
Index	547

The Project Gutenberg eBook of A History of the Inquisition of Spain; vol. 4

A HISTORY OF THE INQUISITION OF SPAIN

CONTENTS OF VOL. IV.

A HISTORY
OF THE
INQUISITION OF SPAIN