PLATES AND EXPLANATIONS.

PLATE I.

ANATOMICAL.

1. Outline of a Lepidopterous insect showing the terms employed in describing the various margins and angles of the fore- and hind-wings.
2. View of the under side of the head and first segment of the larva of a Lepidopterous insect. AA, eyes; BB, antennæ; 1, labrum; 22, mandibles; 33, maxillæ; 4, labium; 5, spinneret; a, coxa; b, trochanter; c, femur; d, tibia; e, tarsus; f, claw (highly magnified).
3. Assumed type of neuration of fore-wing of a Lepidopterous insect. (After Meyrick.)
4. Ditto of hind-wing. (After Meyrick.)
5. Side view of the head of Vanessa gonerilla with proboscis extended. (Imago, Plate XII., fig. 5.)
6. Ditto with proboscis coiled up. (In both these figures only the basal portions of the antennæ are shown.)
7. Neuration of fore-wing of Anosia erippus. (Imago, Plate XI., fig. 1.)
8. Ditto of hind-wing.
9. Digestive system of a Lepidopterous larva. A, œsophagus; D, ventriculus; F, clavate intestine; E, ilium; H, colon; K, biliary vessels; O, spinning vessels. (After Suckow.)
10. Ditto of perfect insect. N, salivary vessels; C, sucking stomach; G, cæcum. The rest as before. (After Herold.)
11. Front view of the head of Vanessa gonerilla with the labial palpi removed showing the organs of the mouth. AA, eyes; BB, antennæ (basal portion); l, labrum; mm, mandibles; pp, maxillary palpi; C, proboscis formed of elongated maxillæ (highly magnified).
12. Neuration of fore-wing of Sphingidæ. (Deilephila; after Meyrick.)
13. Ditto hind-wing. (After Meyrick.)
14. Proleg of caterpillar highly magnified.
15. Neuration of fore-wing of Chrysophanus salustius. (Imago, Plate XII., figs. 18-21.)
16. Ditto of hind-wing.
17. Fasciculate-ciliated antenna of Chloroclystis plinthina. (Imago, Plate VI., fig. 8.)
18. Serrate antenna of Melanchra composita. (Imago, Plate V., fig. 8.)
19. Pubescent antenna of Epirranthis alectoraria. (Imago, Plate VIII., figs. 42-47.)
20. Bi-pectinated antenna of Nyctemera annulata. (Imago, Plate IV., figs. 1, 2.)
21. Leg of Agrotis ypsilon. (Imago, Plate V., figs. 35, 36.) 1, coxa; 2, trochanter; 3, femur; 4, tibia; 5, tarsus; 6, claw; SS, spurs. (All these are highly magnified.)
22. Neuration of fore-wing of Hepialus virescens. (Imago, Plate XIII., figs. 16, 17.)
23. Ditto of hind-wing.
24. Head of ditto.
25. Neuration of fore-wing of Erebia pluto. (Imago, Plate XI., figs. 8-10.) Vein 11 absent.
26. Ditto, veins 11 and 12 concurrent.
27. Ditto of hind-wing.
28. Neuration of fore-wing of Porina signata. (Imago, Plate XIII., fig. 15.)
29. Ditto of hind-wing.
30. Neuration of fore-wing of Œceticus omnivorus. (Imago, Plate XIII., fig. 6.)
31. Ditto of hind-wing.
1. Outline of a Lepidopterous insect showing the terms employed in describing the various margins and angles of the fore- and hind-wings.
2. View of the under side of the head and first segment of the larva of a Lepidopterous insect. AA, eyes; BB, antennæ; 1, labrum; 22, mandibles; 33, maxillæ; 4, labium; 5, spinneret; a, coxa; b, trochanter; c, femur; d, tibia; e, tarsus; f, claw (highly magnified).
3. Assumed type of neuration of fore-wing of a Lepidopterous insect. (After Meyrick.)
4. Ditto of hind-wing. (After Meyrick.)
5. Side view of the head of Vanessa gonerilla with proboscis extended. (Imago, Plate XII., fig. 5.)
6. Ditto with proboscis coiled up. (In both these figures only the basal portions of the antennæ are shown.)
7. Neuration of fore-wing of Anosia erippus. (Imago, Plate XI., fig. 1.)
8. Ditto of hind-wing.
9. Digestive system of a Lepidopterous larva. A, œsophagus; D, ventriculus; F, clavate intestine; E, ilium; H, colon; K, biliary vessels; O, spinning vessels. (After Suckow.)
10. Ditto of perfect insect. N, salivary vessels; C, sucking stomach; G, cæcum. The rest as before. (After Herold.)
11. Front view of the head of Vanessa gonerilla with the labial palpi removed showing the organs of the mouth. AA, eyes; BB, antennæ (basal portion); l, labrum; mm, mandibles; pp, maxillary palpi; C, proboscis formed of elongated maxillæ (highly magnified).
12. Neuration of fore-wing of Sphingidæ. (Deilephila; after Meyrick.)
13. Ditto hind-wing. (After Meyrick.)
14. Proleg of caterpillar highly magnified.
15. Neuration of fore-wing of Chrysophanus salustius. (Imago, Plate XII., figs. 18-21.)
16. Ditto of hind-wing.
17. Fasciculate-ciliated antenna of Chloroclystis plinthina. (Imago, Plate VI., fig. 8.)
18. Serrate antenna of Melanchra composita. (Imago, Plate V., fig. 8.)
19. Pubescent antenna of Epirranthis alectoraria. (Imago, Plate VIII., figs. 42-47.)
20. Bi-pectinated antenna of Nyctemera annulata. (Imago, Plate IV., figs. 1, 2.)
21. Leg of Agrotis ypsilon. (Imago, Plate V., figs. 35, 36.) 1, coxa; 2, trochanter; 3, femur; 4, tibia; 5, tarsus; 6, claw; SS, spurs. (All these are highly magnified.)
22. Neuration of fore-wing of Hepialus virescens. (Imago, Plate XIII., figs. 16, 17.)
23. Ditto of hind-wing.
24. Head of ditto.
25. Neuration of fore-wing of Erebia pluto. (Imago, Plate XI., figs. 8-10.) Vein 11 absent.
26. Ditto, veins 11 and 12 concurrent.
27. Ditto of hind-wing.
28. Neuration of fore-wing of Porina signata. (Imago, Plate XIII., fig. 15.)
29. Ditto of hind-wing.
30. Neuration of fore-wing of Œceticus omnivorus. (Imago, Plate XIII., fig. 6.)
31. Ditto of hind-wing.

PLATE II.

ANATOMICAL.

1. Neuration of fore-wing of Metacrias erichrysa. (Imago, Plate IV., fig. 5.)
2. Neuration of hind-wing of ditto.
3. Head of Nyctemera annulata. (Imago, Plate IV., figs. 1, 2.)
4. Neuration of fore-wing of ditto.
5. Neuration of hind-wing of ditto.
6. Neuration of fore-wing of Mamestra mutans. (Imago, Plate IV., figs. 34-36.)
7. Neuration of hind-wing of ditto.
8. Head of male of Physetica cærulea. (Imago, Plate IV., fig. 7.)
9. Neuration of fore-wing of Erana graminosa. (Imago, Plate V., figs. 24-25.)
10. Neuration of hind-wing of ditto.
11. Head of Leucania nullifera. (Imago, Plate IV., fig. 9.)
12. Head of Dasypodia selenophora. (Imago, Plate VI., fig. 4.)
13. Head of Venusia verriculata. (Imago, Plate VI., figs. 30-31.)
14. Neuration of fore-wing of Plusia chalcites. (Imago, Plate VI., fig. 3.)
15. Neuration of hind-wing of ditto.
16. Neuration of fore-wing of Rhapsa scotosialis. (Imago, Plate VI., figs. 5-6.)
17. Neuration of hind-wing of ditto.
18. Head of ditto.
19. Neuration of fore-wing of Chloroclystis bilineolata. (Imago, Plate VI., figs. 9-10.)
20. Neuration of hind-wing of ditto.
21. Neuration of fore-wing of Tatosoma agrionata. (Imago, Plate VI., figs. 26-27.)
22. Neuration of hind-wing of male.
23. Neuration of hind-wing of female.
24. Head of ditto.
25. Neuration of fore-wing of Venusia undosata. (Imago, Plate VI., figs. 33-34.)
26. Neuration of hind-wing of ditto.
27. Neuration of fore-wing of Paradetis porphyrias. (Imago, Plate VI., fig. 36.)
28. Neuration of hind-wing of male.
30. Neuration of fore-wing of Asthena pulchraria. (Imago, Plate VI., figs. 37-38.)
31. Neuration of hind-wing of ditto.
32. Head of Hydriomena deltoidata. (Imago, Plato VII., figs. 1-9.)
33. Neuration of fore-wing of ditto.
34. Neuration of hind-wing of ditto.
35. Neuration of fore-wing of Asaphodes megaspilata. (Imago, Plate VII., figs. 17-20.)
36. Neuration of hind-wing of ditto.
37. Neuration of fore-wing of Xanthorhoe clarata. (Imago, Plate VII., figs. 31-32.)
38. Neuration of hind-wing of ditto.
39. Neuration of fore-wing of Lythria chrysopeda. (Imago, Plate VIII., figs. 33-34.)
40. Neuration of hind-wing of ditto.
42. Neuration of fore-wing of Dasyuris partheniata (hind-wings as in Xanthorhoe). (Imago, Plate VIII., figs. 30-31.)
43. Neuration of fore-wing of Notoreas brephos (hind-wings also as in Xanthorhoe). (Imago, Plate VIII., figs. 20-23.)
44. Neuration of fore-wing of Dichromodes petrina. (Imago, Plate VIII., fig. 39.)
45. Neuration of hind-wing of ditto.
46. Neuration of fore-wing of Epirranthis alectoraria. (Imago, Plate VIII., figs. 42-47.)
47. Neuration of hind-wing of ditto.
48. Head of ditto.
49. Neuration of fore-wing of Leptomeris rubraria. (Imago, Plate VIII., fig. 37.)
50. Neuration of hind-wing of ditto.
51. Neuration of fore-wing of Chalastra pelurgata. (Imago, Plate IX., figs. 33-36.)
52. Neuration of hind-wing of ditto.
53. Neuration of fore-wing of Sestra humeraria (hind-wing as in Selidosema). (Imago, Plate X., figs. 1-2).
54. Neuration of fore-wing of Azelina gallaria. (Imago, Plate X., figs. 13-23.)
55. Neuration of hind-wing of ditto.
56. Neuration of fore-wing of Declana floccosa. (Imago, Plate X., figs. 39-47.)
57. Neuration of hind-wing of ditto.
58. Head of ditto.
59. Neuration of fore-wing of Selidosema dejectaria. (Imago, Plate IX., figs. 19-24.)
60. Neuration of hind-wing of ditto.
61. Neuration of fore-wing of Drepanodes muriferata. (Imago, Plate X., figs. 7-12.)
62. Neuration of hind-wing of ditto.
63. Neuration of fore-wing of Gonophylla nelsonaria. (Imago, Plate X., figs. 3-6.)
64. Neuration of hind-wing of ditto.
1. Neuration of fore-wing of Metacrias erichrysa. (Imago, Plate IV., fig. 5.)
2. Neuration of hind-wing of ditto.
3. Head of Nyctemera annulata. (Imago, Plate IV., figs. 1, 2.)
4. Neuration of fore-wing of ditto.
5. Neuration of hind-wing of ditto.
6. Neuration of fore-wing of Mamestra mutans. (Imago, Plate IV., figs. 34-36.)
7. Neuration of hind-wing of ditto.
8. Head of male of Physetica cærulea. (Imago, Plate IV., fig. 7.)
9. Neuration of fore-wing of Erana graminosa. (Imago, Plate V., figs. 24-25.)
10. Neuration of hind-wing of ditto.
11. Head of Leucania nullifera. (Imago, Plate IV., fig. 9.)
12. Head of Dasypodia selenophora. (Imago, Plate VI., fig. 4.)
13. Head of Venusia verriculata. (Imago, Plate VI., figs. 30-31.)
14. Neuration of fore-wing of Plusia chalcites. (Imago, Plate VI., fig. 3.)
15. Neuration of hind-wing of ditto.
16. Neuration of fore-wing of Rhapsa scotosialis. (Imago, Plate VI., figs. 5-6.)
17. Neuration of hind-wing of ditto.
18. Head of ditto.
19. Neuration of fore-wing of Chloroclystis bilineolata. (Imago, Plate VI., figs. 9-10.)
20. Neuration of hind-wing of ditto.
21. Neuration of fore-wing of Tatosoma agrionata. (Imago, Plate VI., figs. 26-27.)
22. Neuration of hind-wing of male.
23. Neuration of hind-wing of female.
24. Head of ditto.
25. Neuration of fore-wing of Venusia undosata. (Imago, Plate VI., figs. 33-34.)
26. Neuration of hind-wing of ditto.
27. Neuration of fore-wing of Paradetis porphyrias. (Imago, Plate VI., fig. 36.)
28. Neuration of hind-wing of male.
30. Neuration of fore-wing of Asthena pulchraria. (Imago, Plate VI., figs. 37-38.)
31. Neuration of hind-wing of ditto.
32. Head of Hydriomena deltoidata. (Imago, Plato VII., figs. 1-9.)
33. Neuration of fore-wing of ditto.
34. Neuration of hind-wing of ditto.
35. Neuration of fore-wing of Asaphodes megaspilata. (Imago, Plate VII., figs. 17-20.)
36. Neuration of hind-wing of ditto.
37. Neuration of fore-wing of Xanthorhoe clarata. (Imago, Plate VII., figs. 31-32.)
38. Neuration of hind-wing of ditto.
39. Neuration of fore-wing of Lythria chrysopeda. (Imago, Plate VIII., figs. 33-34.)
40. Neuration of hind-wing of ditto.
42. Neuration of fore-wing of Dasyuris partheniata (hind-wings as in Xanthorhoe). (Imago, Plate VIII., figs. 30-31.)
43. Neuration of fore-wing of Notoreas brephos (hind-wings also as in Xanthorhoe). (Imago, Plate VIII., figs. 20-23.)
44. Neuration of fore-wing of Dichromodes petrina. (Imago, Plate VIII., fig. 39.)
45. Neuration of hind-wing of ditto.
46. Neuration of fore-wing of Epirranthis alectoraria. (Imago, Plate VIII., figs. 42-47.)
47. Neuration of hind-wing of ditto.
48. Head of ditto.
49. Neuration of fore-wing of Leptomeris rubraria. (Imago, Plate VIII., fig. 37.)
50. Neuration of hind-wing of ditto.
51. Neuration of fore-wing of Chalastra pelurgata. (Imago, Plate IX., figs. 33-36.)
52. Neuration of hind-wing of ditto.
53. Neuration of fore-wing of Sestra humeraria (hind-wing as in Selidosema). (Imago, Plate X., figs. 1-2).
54. Neuration of fore-wing of Azelina gallaria. (Imago, Plate X., figs. 13-23.)
55. Neuration of hind-wing of ditto.
56. Neuration of fore-wing of Declana floccosa. (Imago, Plate X., figs. 39-47.)
57. Neuration of hind-wing of ditto.
58. Head of ditto.
59. Neuration of fore-wing of Selidosema dejectaria. (Imago, Plate IX., figs. 19-24.)
60. Neuration of hind-wing of ditto.
61. Neuration of fore-wing of Drepanodes muriferata. (Imago, Plate X., figs. 7-12.)
62. Neuration of hind-wing of ditto.
63. Neuration of fore-wing of Gonophylla nelsonaria. (Imago, Plate X., figs. 3-6.)
64. Neuration of hind-wing of ditto.

PLATE III.

PREPARATORY STAGES.

FIG. PAGE
1, 2. Larvæ of Vanessa gonerilla. (Pupæ, figs. 31, 32; Imago, Plate XII., fig. 5.) 105
3. Larva of Anosia erippus. (Pupa, fig. 27; Imago, Plate XI., fig. 1.) 102
4. Larva of Argyrophenga antipodum. (Pupa, fig. 29; Imago, Plate XI., fig. 4.) 110
5. Larva of Dodonidia helmsi. (Pupa, fig. 28; Imago, Plate XI., fig. 14.) 112
6. Larva of Porina signata. (Imago, Plate XIII., fig. 15.) 134
7. Larva of Melanchra composita. (Imago, Plate V., fig. 8.) 22
8. Larva of Erana graminosa. (Imago, Plate V., fig. 24.) 28
9. Larva of Nyctemera annulata. (Imago, Plate IV., fig. 1.) 2
10. Larva of Melanchra homoscia. (Imago, Plate V., fig. 7.) 21
11. Larva of Orthosia comma. (Imago, Plate V., fig. 27.) 7
12. Larva of Selidosema dejectaria. (Imago, Plate IX., fig. 21.) 86
13, 14. Larvæ of Sphinx convolvuli. (Imago, Plate XIII., fig. 1.) 99
15. Larva of Melanchra mutans. (Imago, Plate IV., fig. 34.) 18
16. Larva of Melanchra vitiosa. (Imago, Plate IV., fig. 42.) 20
17. Larva of Selidosema aristarcha. (Imago, Plate IX., fig. 17.) 85
18. Larva of Declana atronivea. (Imago, Plate X., fig. 33.) 95
19. Larva of Epirranthis hemipteraria. (Imago, Plate VIII., fig. 48.) 80
20. Larva of Sestra humeraria. (Imago, Plate X., fig. 1.) 89
21. Larva of Chalastra pelurgata. (Imago, Plate IX., fig. 34.) 88
22. Larva of Selidosema productata. (Imago, Plate IX., fig. 6.) 84
23. Larva of Hepialis virescens. (Pupa, fig. 30; Imago, Plate XIII., fig. 16.) 129
24. Larva of Epirranthis alectoraria. (Imago, Plate VIII., fig. 42.) 80
25. Larva of Œceticus omnivorus withdrawn from case. (Imago, Plate XIII., fig. 6.) 123
26. Larva of ditto in its case.
27. Pupa of Anosia erippus. (Larva, fig. 3; Imago, Plate XI., fig. 1.) 102
28. Pupa of Dodonidia helmsi. (Larva, fig. 5; Imago, Plate XI., fig. 14.) 112
29. Pupa of Argyrophenga antipodum. (Larva, fig. 4; Imago, Plate XI., fig. 4.) 110
30. Pupa of Hepialus virescens. (Larva, fig. 23; Imago, Plate XIII., fig. 16.) 129
31, 32. Pupæ of Vanessa gonerilla. (Larva, figs. 1, 2; Imago, Plate XII., fig. 5) 105
FIG. PAGE
1, 2. Larvæ of Vanessa gonerilla. (Pupæ, figs. 31, 32; Imago, Plate XII., fig. 5.) 105
3. Larva of Anosia erippus. (Pupa, fig. 27; Imago, Plate XI., fig. 1.) 102
4. Larva of Argyrophenga antipodum. (Pupa, fig. 29; Imago, Plate XI., fig. 4.) 110
5. Larva of Dodonidia helmsi. (Pupa, fig. 28; Imago, Plate XI., fig. 14.) 112
6. Larva of Porina signata. (Imago, Plate XIII., fig. 15.) 134
7. Larva of Melanchra composita. (Imago, Plate V., fig. 8.) 22
8. Larva of Erana graminosa. (Imago, Plate V., fig. 24.) 28
9. Larva of Nyctemera annulata. (Imago, Plate IV., fig. 1.) 2
10. Larva of Melanchra homoscia. (Imago, Plate V., fig. 7.) 21
11. Larva of Orthosia comma. (Imago, Plate V., fig. 27.) 7
12. Larva of Selidosema dejectaria. (Imago, Plate IX., fig. 21.) 86
13, 14. Larvæ of Sphinx convolvuli. (Imago, Plate XIII., fig. 1.) 99
15. Larva of Melanchra mutans. (Imago, Plate IV., fig. 34.) 18
16. Larva of Melanchra vitiosa. (Imago, Plate IV., fig. 42.) 20
17. Larva of Selidosema aristarcha. (Imago, Plate IX., fig. 17.) 85
18. Larva of Declana atronivea. (Imago, Plate X., fig. 33.) 95
19. Larva of Epirranthis hemipteraria. (Imago, Plate VIII., fig. 48.) 80
20. Larva of Sestra humeraria. (Imago, Plate X., fig. 1.) 89
21. Larva of Chalastra pelurgata. (Imago, Plate IX., fig. 34.) 88
22. Larva of Selidosema productata. (Imago, Plate IX., fig. 6.) 84
23. Larva of Hepialis virescens. (Pupa, fig. 30; Imago, Plate XIII., fig. 16.) 129
24. Larva of Epirranthis alectoraria. (Imago, Plate VIII., fig. 42.) 80
25. Larva of Œceticus omnivorus withdrawn from case. (Imago, Plate XIII., fig. 6.) 123
26. Larva of ditto in its case.
27. Pupa of Anosia erippus. (Larva, fig. 3; Imago, Plate XI., fig. 1.) 102
28. Pupa of Dodonidia helmsi. (Larva, fig. 5; Imago, Plate XI., fig. 14.) 112
29. Pupa of Argyrophenga antipodum. (Larva, fig. 4; Imago, Plate XI., fig. 4.) 110
30. Pupa of Hepialus virescens. (Larva, fig. 23; Imago, Plate XIII., fig. 16.) 129
31, 32. Pupæ of Vanessa gonerilla. (Larva, figs. 1, 2; Imago, Plate XII., fig. 5) 105