⏑͐ –́ | ⏑ –̇ | ⏑͐ ‖ –́ | ⏑ –̇ | ⏑͐ –́ | ⏑ –̇

⏑͐ –́ | ⏑ –̇ | ⏑͐ –́ | ⏑ –̇ Epodes 1-10.

So in Archilochus, e.g.:—

Ὦ Ζεῦ πάτερ, Ζεῦ, σὸν μὲν οὐρανοῦ κράτος,

σὺ δ’ ἔργ’ ἐπ’ ἀνθρώπων ὁρᾷς. (Fr. 88, Bergk).

2721. (III.) The Hipponactean or Trochaic Strophe, a trochaic dimeter catalectic (2644) followed by an iambic trimeter catalectic (2601):—

–́ ⏑ | –̇ ⏑ | –́ ⏑ | –̇ ⌃

⏑͐ –́ | ⏑ –̇ | ⏑͐ ‖ –́ | ⏑ –̇ | ⏑ ⏗́ –̇ C. 2, 18.

2722. (IV.) The First Pythiambic Strophe, a dactylic hexameter (2556) followed by an iambic dimeter acatalectic (2617):—

–́ ⏔ | –́ ⏔ | –́ ‖ ⏔ | –́ ⏔ | –́ ⏑ ⏑ | –́ –

⏑͐ –́ | ⏑ –̇ | ⏑͐ –́ | ⏑ –̇ Epodes 14 and 15.

So in Archilochus, e.g.:—

ἄψυχος, χαλεπῇσι θεῶν ὀδυνῇσιν ἕκητι

πεπαρμένος δι’ ὀστέων. (Fr. 84, Bergk).

2723. (V.) The Second Pythiambic Strophe, a dactylic hexameter (2556) followed by a pure iambic trimeter (2594):—

–́ ⏔ | –́ ⏔ | –́ ‖ ⏔ | –́ ⏔ [breve over bracketed long] | –́ –

⏑ –́ | ⏑ –̇ | ⏑ ‖ –́ | ⏑ –̇ | ⏑ –́ | ⏑ –̇ Epode 16.

So the Greek epigrammatists, e.g.:—

Οἶνός τοι χαρίεντι πέλει ταχὺς ἵππος ἀοιδῷ;

ὕδωρ δὲ πίνων οὐδὲν ἂν τέκοι σοφόν. (Nicaenetus).

2724. (VI.) The Alcmanian Strophe, a dactylic hexameter (2556) followed by a dactylic tetrameter catalectic (2578):—

–́ ⏔ | –́ ⏔ | –́‖ ⏔ | –́ ⏔[breve over bracketed long] | –́ –

–́ ⏔ | –́ ⏔ | –́ ⏔[breve over bracketed long] | –́ ⏑⌃ C. 1, 7, 28; Epode 12.

2725. (VII.) The First Archilochian Strophe, a dactylic hexameter (2556) followed by a Lesser Archilochian (2579):—

–́ ⏔ | –́ ⏔ | –́ ‖ ⏔ | –́ ⏑ ⏑ | –́ –

–́ ⏑ ⏑ | –́ ⏑ ⏑ | –́ ⌅ C. 4, 7.

2726. (VIII.) The Second Archilochian Strophe, a dactylic hexameter (2556) followed by an iambelegus (2678):—

–́ ⏔ | –́ ⏔ | –‖ ⏔ | –́ ⏔ | –́ ⏑ ⏑ | –́ –

⏑͐⁞–́ ⏑ | –́ ⏑͐ | –́ ⏑ | –̇ ⌃ # –́ ⏑ ⏑ | –́ ⏑ ⏑ | –́ ⌅ Epode 13.

2727. (IX.) The Third Archilochian Strophe, an iambic trimeter (2592) followed by an elegiambus (2680):—

⏑͐ –́ | ⏑ –̇ | ⏑͐ ‖ –́ | ⏑ –̇ | ⏑͐ –́ | ⏑ –̇

–́ ⏑ ⏑ | –́ ⏑ ⏑ | –́ ⌅ # ⏑͐ ⁞ –́ ⏑ | –̇ ⏑͐ | –́ ⏑ | –̇ ⌃ Epode 11.

Compare Archilochus fr. 85, Bergk (elegiambus; the trimeter is lost):—

ἀλλά μ’ ὁ λυσιμελής, ὦ ’ταῖρε, δάμναται πόθος.

2728. (X.) The Fourth Archilochian Strophe, a Greater Archilochian (2677) followed by an iambic trimeter catalectic (2601):—

–́ ⏔ | –́ ⏔ | –́ ‖ ⏔ | –́ ⏑ ⏑ # –́ ⏑ | –́ ⏑ | –́ ⏑

⏑͐ –́ | ⏑ –̇ | ⏑͐ ‖ –́ | ⏑ –̇ | ⏑ ⏗́ –̇ C. 1, 4.

So Archilochus, e.g.:—

τοῖος γὰρ φιλότητος ἔρως ὑπὸ καρδίην ελυσθεὶς

πολλὴν κατ’ ἀχλὺν ὀμμάτων ἔχευεν (Fr. 103, Bergk).

See, however, 2677 ad fin.

2729. (XI.) The Lesser Asclepiadean Metre, a series of Lesser Asclepiadeans (2669) employed stichically (2546):—

–́ > | –́ ⏖ | ⏗́ # –́ ⏖ | –́ ⏑ | –́ ⌃ C. 1, 1; 3, 30; 4, 8.

So Alcaeus, e.g.:—

ἦλθες ἐκ περάτων γᾶς ἐλεφαντίναν

λάβαν τῶ ξίφεος χρυσοδέταν ἔχων (Fr. 33, Bergk).

2730. (XII.) The Greater Asclepiadean Metre, a series of Greater Asclepiadeans (2670) employed stichically (2546):—

–́ > | –́ ⏖ | ⏗́ # –́ ⏖ | ⏗́ # –́ ⏖ | –́ ⏑ | –⌃ C. 1, 11, 18; 4, 10.

So Alcaeus, e.g.:—

μηδὲν ἄλλο φυτεύσῃς πρότερον δένδριον ἀμπέλω (Fr. 44, Bergk).

Many editors hold (with Meineke) that the Horatian odes were written in tetrastichs (2545), and hence that this metre and the preceding were employed by Horace in strophes of four lines each. Catullus (30) seems to use the Greater Asclepiadean by distichs, and so apparently Sappho (fr. 69, Bergk). But as to these points there is still much dispute.

2731. (XIII.) The First Asclepiadean Strophe, a Glyconic (2660) followed by a Lesser Asclepiadean (2669):—

–́ > | –́ ⏖ | –́ ⏑ | –́ ⌃

–́ > | –́ ⏖ | ⏗́ # –́ ⏖ | –́ ⏑ | –́ ⌃ C. 1, 3, 13, 19, 36; 3, 9, 15, 19, 24, 25, 28; 4, 1, 3.

Cf. Alcaeus:—

νῦν δ’ [αὖτ’] οὗτος ἐπικρέτει

κινήσαις τὸν ἀπ’ ἴρας πύματον λίθον. (Fr. 82, Bergk).

In one instance, C. 4, 1, 35, elision occurs at the end of the Glyconic.

2732. (XIV.) The Second Asclepiadean Strophe, three Lesser Asclepiadeans (2669) followed by a Glyconic (2660):—

–́ > | –́ ⏖ | ⏗́ # –́ ⏖ | –́ ⏑ | –́ ⌃

–́ > | –́ ⏖ | ⏗́ # –́ ⏖ | –́ ⏑ | –́ ⌃

–́ > | –́ ⏖ | ⏗́ # –́ ⏖ | –́ ⏑ | –́ ⌃

–́ > | –́ ⏖ | –́ ⏑ | –́ ⌃ C. 1, 6, 15, 24, 33; 2, 12; 3, 10, 16; 4, 5, 12.

2733. (XV.) The Third Asclepiadean Strophe, two Lesser Asclepiadeans (2669), a Pherecratean (2659) and a Glyconic (2660):—

–́ > | –́ ⏖ | ⏗́ # –́ ⏖ | –́ ⏑ | –́ ⌃

–́ > | –́ ⏖ | ⏗́ # –́ ⏖ | –́ ⏑ | –́ ⌃

–́ > | –́ ⏖ | –́ ⏑

–́ > | –́ ⏖ | –́ ⏑ | –́ ⌃ C. 1, 5, 14, 21, 23; 3, 7, 13; 4, 13.

Compare Alcaeus (Pherecratean followed by Glyconic; apparently two Lesser Asclepiadeans preceded, but they are lost):—

λάταγες ποτέονται

κυλιχνᾶν ἄπο Τηΐαν. (Fr. 43, Bergk).

2734. (XVI.) The Greater Sapphic Strophe, an Aristophanic (2658) followed by a Greater Sapphic (2671):—

–́ ⏖ | –́ ⏑ | –́ ⏑

–́ ⏑ | –́ > | –́ ‖ ⏖ | ⏗́ # –́ ⏖ | –́ ⏑ | ⏗́ | –́ ⌃C. 1, 8.

2735. (XVII). The Sapphic Strophe, three Lesser Sapphics (2666) and an Adonic (2655):—

–́ ⏑ | –́ > | –́ ‖ ⏖ | –́ ⏑ | –́ ⏑

–́ ⏑ | –́ > | –́ ‖ ⏖ | –́ ⏑ | –́ ⏑

–́ ⏑ | –́ > | –́ ‖ ⏖ | –́ ⏑ | –́ ⏑

–́ ⏖ | –́ ⏑

C. 1, 2, 10, 12, 20, 22, 25, 30, 32, 38; 2, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 16; 3, 8, 11, 14, 18, 20, 22, 27; 4, 2, 6, 11; Carmen Saeculare. Also in Catullus 11 and 51.

So Sappho:—

φαίνεταί μοι κῆνος ἴσος θέοισιν

ἔμμεν ὤνερ ὄστις ἐναντίος τοι

ἰζάνει καὶ πλασίον ἆδυ φωνεύ-

σας ὑπακούει (Fr. 2, Bergk).

Sappho apparently treated the third Sapphic and the Adonic as continuous; but Horace and Catullus allow syllaba anceps (and Horace in four cases, 1, 2, 47; 1, 12, 7, and 31; 1, 22, 15, hiatus) at the end of the third line. On the other hand, both Catullus and Horace sometimes join the third line to the fourth (by dividing a word, Hor. 1, 2, 19; 25, 11; 2, 16, 7; Cat. 11, 11; by elision Hor. 4, 2, 23; Car. Saec. 47; Cat. 11, 19), and in a few instances the second to the third (Hor, 2, 2, 18; 16, 34; 4, 2, 22; Cat. 11, 22, all by elision) by synapheia (see 2510). In Horace, the last foot of the third line is nearly always an irrational spondee.

2736. (XVIII.) The Alcaic Strophe, two Greater Alcaics (2667), a nine-syllabled Alcaic (2642) and a Lesser Alcaic (2663):—

⏑͐ ⁞ –́ ⏑ | –́ > # –́ ⏖ | –́ ⏑ | –́ ⌃

⏑͐ ⁞ –́ ⏑ | –́ > # –́ ⏖ | –́ ⏑ | –́ ⌃

⏑͐ ⁞ –́ ⏑ | –́ > | –́ ⏑ | –́ ⏑

–́ ⏖ | –́ ⏖ | –́ ⏑ | –́ ⏑

C. 1, 9, 16, 17, 26, 27, 29, 31, 34, 35, 37; 2, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 14, 15, 17, 19, 20; 3, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 17, 21, 23, 26, 29; 4, 4, 9, 14, 15.

So Alcaeus:—

Ἀσυνέτημι τῶν ἀνέμων στάσιν·

τὸ μὲν γὰρ ἔνθεν κῦμα κυλίνδεται,

τὸ δ’ ἔνθεν· ἄμμες δ’ ἂν τὸ μέσσον

νᾶϊ φορήμεθα σὺν μελαίνᾳ. (Fr. 18, Bergk).

In the Greek poets the last two lines are sometimes joined by synapheia (2510), and Horace has elision at the end of the third verse in 2, 3, 27; 3, 29, 35. But he frequently admits hiatus in that place.

2737. (XIX.) The Ionic System, a system of ten pure Ionics ā minōre (see 2717):—

⏖ –́ – | ⏖ –́ – | ⏖ –́ – | ⏖ –́ –

⏖ –́ – | ⏖ – – | ⏖ –́ – | ⏖ –́ –

⏖ –́ – | ⏖ –́ –

C. 3, 12.

Lyric Strophes of Catullus.

2738. Catullus in 34 uses a strophe consisting of three Glyconics (2660) followed by a Pherecratean (2659):—

[–́ ⏑]

– > | –́ ⏖ | –́ ⏑ | –́ ⌃

[⏑́–]

[–́ ⏑]

–́ > | –́ ⏖ | –́ ⏑ | –́ ⌃

[⏑́–]

[–́ ⏑]

–́ > | –́ ⏖ | –́ ⏑ | –́ ⌃

[⏑́–]

[–́ ⏑]

–́ > | –́ ⏖ | –́ ⏑

[⏑́–]

In 61 he employs a strophe consisting of four Glyconics followed by a Pherecratean.

2739. Index of Horatian Odes and their Metres.

The Roman numerals in the table refer to the numbers assigned to the various strophes in 2719-2737.

Book. Ode. Metre.
1 1 XI.
2 XVII.
3 XIII.
4 X.
5 XV.
6 XIV.
7 VI.
8 XVI.
9 XVIII.
10 XVII.
11 XII.
12 XVII.
13 XIII.
14 XV.
15 XIV.
16 XVIII.
17 XVIII.
18 XII.
19 XIII.
20 XVII.
21 XV.
22 XVII.
23 XV.
24 XIV.
25 XVII.
26 XVIII.
27 XVIII.
28 VI.
29 XVIII.
30 XVII.
31 XVIII.
32 XVII.
33 XIV.
34 XVIII.
35 XVIII.
36 XIII.
37 XVIII.
38 XVII.
2 1 XVIII.
2 XVII.
3 XVIII.
4 XVII.
5 XVIII.
6 XVII.
7 XVIII.
8 XVII.
9 XVIII.
10 XVII.
11 XVIII.
12 XIV.
13 XVIII.
14 XVIII.
15 XVIII.
16 XVII.
17 XVIII.
18 III.
19 XVIII.
20 XVIII.
Book. Ode. Metre.
3 1-6 XVIII.
7 XV.
8 XVII.
9 XIII.
10 XIV.
11 XVII.
12 XIX.
13 XV.
14 XVII.
15 XIII.
16 XIV.
17 XVIII.
18 XVII.
19 XIII.
20 XVII.
21 XVIII.
22 XVII.
23 XVIII.
24 XIII.
25 XIII.
26 XVIII.
27 XVII.
28 XIII.
29 XVIII.
30 XI.
4 1 XIII.
2 XVII.
3 XIII.
4 XVIII.
5 XIV.
6 XVII.
7 VII.
8 XI.
9 XVIII.
10 XII.
11 XVII.
12 XIV.
13 XV.
14 XVIII.
15 XVIII.
Carmen
Saeculare		 XVII.
Epodes 1-10 II.
11 IX.
12 VI.
13 VIII.
14 IV.
15 IV.
16 V.
17 I.

Abbreviations used in Citing the Authors.

2740. In Part First, in which authors are occasionally cited, but without direct reference to their works, the usual abbreviations are employed: as Plaut., Ter., Cic., Verg., Hor., &c., &c.

2741. In Part Second, the principles adopted are as follows:

2742. (1.) A reference consisting of figures alone (as, 2, 2, 3), denotes book, chapter, and section of Caesar de Bello Gallico.

2743. (2.) A reference to a work (in italics), without a preceding abbreviation for the author’s name (as, TD. 1, 2; Mil. 3), denotes the book and section, or the section only, of a work by Cicero. The abbreviations used to denote his works are given in the list below (2745).

2744. (3.) A reference made to Vergil (V.), followed by figures alone, is a reference to the Aeneid: as, V. 1, 20. Similarly, H. stands alone for the Odes of Horace; O. alone for the Metamorphoses of Ovid; and Ta. alone for the Annals of Tacitus.

2745. (4.) Roman letters are used in the abbreviations of the names of authors, italics in the abbreviations of the names of their works, as in the following List:—

List of Abbreviations.

Abbreviations. Authors and Works.
Caes. Caesar.
C. dē Bellō Cīvīlī.
See 2742. dē Bellō Gallicō.
Cat. Catullus.
See 2743. Cicero.
Ac. Acadēmica.
ad Br. ad Brūtum Epistulae.
Agr. dē lēge Agrāriā.
Arch. prō Archiā.
Att. ad Atticum Epistulae.
Balb. prō Balbō.
Br. Brūtus.
C. in Catilīnam.
Caec. prō Caecīnā.
Caecil. Dīvinātiō in Caecilium.
Cael. prō Caeliō.
CM. Catō Maior.
Clu. prō Cluentiō.
D. prō Dēiotarō.
Div. dē Dīvinātiōne.
DN. dē Deōrum Nātūrā.
DO. dē Ōrātōre.
Fam. ad Familiārēs Epistulae.
Fat. dē Fātō.
Fin. dē Fīnibus.
Fl. or Flacc. prō Flaccō.
HR. dē Haruspicum Respōnsīs.
IP. dē Imperiō Pompēī.
Inv. dē Inventiōne.
L. Laelius.
LAgr. dē lēge Agrāriā.
Leg. dē Lēgibus.
Lig. prō Ligāriō.
Marc. prō Marcellō.
Mil. prō Milōne.
Mur. prō Mūrēnā.
O. Ōrātor.
Off. dē Officiīs.
OG. dē Optimō Genere Ōrātōrum.
OP. dē Ōrātōriā Partītiōne.
Par. Paradoxa.
PC. dē Prōvinciīs Cōnsulāribus.
Ph. Philippicae.
Pis. in Pīsōnem.
Pl. or Planc. prō Planciō.
Q. or Quint. prō Quīntiō.
QFr. ad Quīntum Frātrem Epistulae.
RA. prō Rōsciō Amerīnō.
RC. prō Rōsciō Cōmoedō.
RP. dē Rē Pūblicā.
Rab. prō Rabīriō perduelliōnis reō.
RabP. prō Rabīriō Posthumō.
Scaur. prō Scaurō.
Sest. prō Sēstiō.
Sull. prō Sūllā.
T. or Top. Topica.
TD. Tusculānae Disputātiōnēs.
Tim. Timaeus.
Tul. prō Tulliō.
V. a. pr. in Verrem āctiō I.
V. in Verrem āctiō II.
Corn., Cornif. Cornificius.
E. Ennius.
Fest. Festus.
Gell. Gellius.
H. Horace.
AP. Ars Poetica.
See 2744. Carmina.
E. Epistulae.
Epod. Epōdoi.
S. Sermōnēs.
J. Juvenal.
L. Livy.
Lucil. Lucilius.
Lucr. Lucretius.
Abbreviations. Authors and Works.
Macrob. Macrobius.
Sat. Sāturnālia.
Mart. Martial.
N. Nepos.
O. Ovid.
A. Amōrēs.
AA. Ars Amātōria.
F. Fāstī.
See 2744. Metamorphōsēs.
Tr. Trīstia.
Pl. Plautus.
Am. Amphitruō.
As. Asināria.
Aul. Aululāria.
B. Bacchidēs.
Cap. Captīvī.
Cas. Casina.
Cist. Cistellāria.
Cu. or Cur. Curculiō.
E. Epidicus.
Men. Menaechmī.
Mer. Mercātor.
MG. Mīles Glōriōsus.
Most. Mostellāria.
Per. Persa.
Poen. Poenulus.
Ps. Pseudolus.
R. Rudēns.
St. Stichus.
Tri. Trinummus.
Tru. Truculentus.
Vid. Vīdulāria.
Plin. Ep. Pliny’s Epistulae.
Plin. NH. Pliny’s Nātūrālis Historiae.
Prop. Propertius.
Publil. Syr. Publilius Syrus.
Quint. or Quintil. Quintilian.
S. Sallust.
C. Catilīna.
Fr. Lep. Fragmenta Ōrātiōnis Lepidī.
Fr. Phil. Fragmenta Ōrātiōnis Phillippī.
I. Iugurtha.
Sen. Seneca.
Ben. dē Beneficiīs.
Ep. Epistulae.
St. Statius.
Th. Thēbais.
Suet. Suetonius.
Aug. Augustus.
Cal. Caligula.
Cl. Claudius.
Galb. Galba.
Iul. Iūlius.
Tib. Tiberius.
T. Terence.
Ad. Adelphoe.
Andr. Andria.
Eu. Eunūchus.
Hec. Hecyra.
Hau. Hauton Tīmōrūmenos.
Ph. Phormiō.
Ta. Tacitus.
See 2744. Annālēs.
A. or Agr. Agricola.
D. Dialogus.
G. Germānia.
H. Historiae.
Tib. Tibullus.
V. Vergil.
See 2744. Aenēis.
E. Eclogae.
G. Geōrgica.