Title: The Secret Service, the Field, the Dungeon, and the Escape
Author: Albert D. Richardson
Release date: February 10, 2014 [eBook #44865]
Language: English
Credits: Produced by David Edwards, Martin Mayer and the Online
Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This
file was produced from images generously made available
by The Internet Archive)
The transcribers' notes follow the text.
Photo by Brady.
Engd by Geo E Perine N.Y.
Albert D. Richardson
Othello.
BY
ALBERT D. RICHARDSON,
TRIBUNE CORRESPONDENT.
Hartford, Conn.,
AMERICAN PUBLISHING COMPANY.
JONES BROS. & CO., PHILADELPHIA, PA., AND CINCINNATI, OHIO.
R. C. TREAT, CHICAGO, ILL.
1865.
Entered according to an Act of Congress, in the year 1865,
Albert D. Richardson,
In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States
for the District
of Connecticut.
TO
Her Memory
WHO WAS NEAREST AND DEAREST,
WHOSE LIFE WAS FULL OF BEAUTY AND OF PROMISE,
THIS VOLUME
IS TENDERLY INSCRIBED.
Going South in the Secret Service.—Instructions from the Managing Editor.—A Visit to the Mammoth Cave of Kentucky.—Nashville, Tennessee.—Alabama Unionists.—How the State was Precipitated into the Rebellion.—Reaching Memphis.—Abolitionists Mobbed and Hanged.—Brutalities of Slavery.
In Memphis.—How the Secessionists Carried the Day.—Aims of the Leading Rebels.—On the Railroad.—A Northerner Warned.—An Amusing Dialogue.—Talk about Assassinating President Lincoln.—Arrival in New Orleans.—Hospitality from a Stranger.—An Ovation to General Twiggs.—Braxton Bragg.—The Rebels Anxious for War.—A Glance at the Louisiana Convention.
Association with Leading Secessionists.—Their Hatred of New England.—Admission to the Democratic Club.—Abuse of President Lincoln.—Sinking Buildings, Cellars and Walls Impossible.—Cemeteries above Ground.—Monument of a Pirate.—Canal Street.—The Great French Markets.—Dedication of a Secession Flag in the Catholic Church.—The Cotton Presses.—Visit to the Jackson Battle-ground.—The Creoles.—Jackson's Head-Quarters.—A Fire in the Rear.—A Life Saved by a Cigar.—A Black Republican Flag.—Vice-President Hamlin a Mulatto.—Northerners leaving the South.
How Letters were Written and Transmitted.—A System of Cipher.—A Philadelphian among the Rebels.—Probable fate of a Tribune Correspondent, if Discovered.—Southern Manufactures.—A Visit to a Southern Shoe Factory.—Where the Machinery and Workmen came from.—How Southern Shoes were Made.—Study of Southern Society.—Report of a Slave Auction.—Sale of a White Woman.—Girls on the Block.—Husbands and Wives Separated.—A most Revolting Spectacle.—The Delights of a Tropical Climate.
A Northerner among the Minute Men.—Louisiana Convention.—A Lively Discussion.—Boldness of the Union Members.—Another Exciting Discussion.—Secessionists Repudiate their Own Doctrines.—Despotic Rebel Theories.—The Northwest to Join the Rebels.—The Great Swamp.—A Trip through Louisiana.—The Tribune Correspondent Invited to a Seat in the Mississippi Convention.
The Mississippi State-House.—View of the Rebel Hall.—Its General Air of Dilapidation.—A Free-and-Easy Convention.—Southern Orators.—The Anglo-African Delegate.—A Speech Worth Preserving.—Familiar Conversation of Members.—New Orleans Again.—Reviewing Troops.—New Orleans Again.—Hatred of Southern Unionists.—Three Obnoxious Northerners.—The Attack on Sumter.—Rebel Bravado.
Abolition Tendencies of Kentuckians.—Fundamental Grievances of the Rebels.—Sudden Departure from New Orleans.—Mobile.—The War Spirit High.—An Awkward Encounter.—"Massa, Fort Sumter has gone Up."—Bells Ringing.—Cannon Booming.—Up the Alabama River.—A Dancing Little Darkey.—How to Escape Suspicion.—Southern Characteristics and Provincialism.—Visit to the Confederate Capital.—At Montgomery, Alabama.—Copperas Breeches vs. Black Breeches.—A Correspondent under Arrest.
A Journey Through Georgia.—Excitement of the People.—Washington to be Captured.—Apprehensions about Arming the Negroes.—A Fatal Question.—Charleston.—Looking at Fort Sumter.—A Short Stay in the City.—North Carolina.—The Country on Fire.—Submitting to Rebel Scrutiny.—The North Heard From.—Richmond, Virginia.—The Frenzy of the People.—Up the Potomac.—The Old Flag Once More.—An Hour with President Lincoln.—Washington in Panic.—A Regiment which Came Out to Fight.—Baltimore under Rebel Rule.—Pennsylvania.—The North fully Aroused.—Uprising of the whole People.—A Tribune Correspondent on Trial in Charleston.—He is Warned to Leave.—His Fortunate Escape
Sunday at Niagara Falls.—View from the Suspension Bridge.—The Palace of the Frost King.—Chicago, a City Rising from the Earth.—Mysteries of Western Currency.—A Horrible Spectacle in Arkansas.—Patriotism of the Northwest.—Missouri.—The Rebels bent on Revolution.—Nathaniel Lyon.—Camp Jackson.—Sterling Price Joins the Rebels.—His Quarrel with Frank Blair.—His Personal Character.—St. Louis in a Convulsion.—A Nashville Experience.—Bitterness of Old Neighbors.—Good Soldiers for Scaling Walls.—Wholesome Advice to Missouri Slaveholders
Cairo, Illinois.—A Visit from General McClellan.—A little Speech-making.—Penalty of Writing for The Tribune.—A Unionist Aided to Escape from Memphis by a Loyal Girl.—The Fascinations of Cairo.—The Death of Douglas.—A Clear-headed Contraband.—A Review of the Troops.—"Not a Fighting Nigger, but a Running Nigger."—Capture of a Rebel Flag
Missouri Again.—The Retributions of Time.—A Railroad Reminiscence.—Jefferson City.—A Fugitive Governor.—"Black Republicanism."—Belligerent Chaplain.—A Rebel Newspaper Converted by the Iowa Soldiers.—Two Camp Stories of the Marvelous
Chicago.—Corn, not Cotton, is King.—Curious Reminiscences of the City.—A Visit to the Grave of Douglas.—Patriotism of the Northwestern Germans.—Their Social Habits.—Cincinnati in the Early Days.—A City Founded by a Woman.—The Aspirations of the Cincinnatian.—Kentucky.—Treason and Loyalty in Louisville.—A Visit to George D. Prentice.—The first Union Troops of Kentucky.— Struggle in the Kentucky Legislature.—What the Rebel Leaders Want.—Rousseau's Visit to Washington.—His Interview with President Lincoln.—Timidity of the Kentucky Unionists.—Loyalty of Judge Lusk.
Western Virginia.—Campaigning in the Kanawha Valley.—A Bloodthirsty Female Rebel.—A Soldier Proves to be a Woman in Disguise.—Extravagant Joy of the Negroes.—How the Soldiers Foraged.—The Falls of the Kanawha.—A Tragedy of Slavery.—St. Louis.—The Future of the City.—A disgusted Rebel Editor.
The Battle of Wilson Creek.—Daring Exploit of a Kansas Officer.—Death of Lyon.—His Courage and Patriotism.—Arrival of General Fremont.—Union Families Driven Out.—An Involuntary Sojourn in Rebel Camps.—A Startling Confederate Atrocity.
Jefferson City, Missouri.—Fremont's Army.—Organization of the Bohemian Brigade.—An Amusing Inquiry.—Diversions of the Correspondents.—A Polite Army Chaplain.—Sights in Jefferson City.—"Fights mit Sigel."—Fremont's Head-Quarters.—Appearance of the General.—Mrs. Fremont.—Sigel, Hunter, Pope, Asboth, McKinstry.—Sigel's Transportation Train.—A Countryman's Estimate of Troops.
A Kid-gloved Corps.—Charge of Fremont's Body-guard.—Major White.—Turning the Tables.—Welcome from the Union Residents of Springfield.—Freaks of the Kansas Brigade.—A Visit to the Wilson-Creek Battle-Ground.—"Missing."—Graves Opened by Wolves.—Capture of a Female Spy.—Fremont's Farewell to His Army.—Dissatisfaction Among the Soldiers.—Spurious Missouri Unionists.—The Conduct of Secretary Cameron and Adjutant-General Thomas.
Rebel Guerrillas Outwitted.—Expedition to Fort Henry.—Scenes in the Captured Fort.—Commodore Foote in the Pulpit.—Capture of Fort Donelson.—Scenes in Columbus, Kentucky.—A Curious Anti-Climax.—Hospital Scenes.
Down the Mississippi.—Bombardment of Island Number Ten.—Sensations under Fire.—Flanking the Island.—Daily Life on a Gunboat.—Triumph of Engineering Skill.—The Surrender.
The Battle of Shiloh.—With the Sanitary Commission.—A Union Orator in Rebel Hands.—Grant and Sherman in Battle.—Hair-breadth 'Scapes.—General Sweeney.—Arrival of Buell's Army.—The Final Struggle.—Losses of the Two Armies.
Grant under a Cloud.—He Smokes and Waits.—Military Jealousies.—The Union and Rebel Wounded.
An Interview with General Sherman.—His Complaints about the Press.—Sherman's Personal Appearance.—Humors of the Telegraph.—Our Advance upon Corinth.—Weaknesses of Sundry Generals.—"Ten Thousand Prisoners Taken."—Halleck's Faux Pas at Corinth.—Out on the Front.—Among the Sharp-shooters.—Halleck and the War Correspondents.
Bloodthirstiness of Rebel Women.—The Battle of Memphis.—Gallant Exploit of the Rams.—A Sailor on a Lark.—Appearance of the Captured City.—The Jews in Memphis.—A Rebel Paper Supervised.—"A Dam Black-harted Ablichiness."—Challenge from a Southern Woman.—Valuable Currency.—A Rebel Trick.—One of Sherman's Jokes.—Fictitious Battle Reports.—Curtis's March through Arkansas.—The Siege of Cincinnati.
With the Army of the Potomac.—On the War-Path.—A Duel in Arizona.—How Correspondents Avoided Expulsion.—Shameful Surrender of Harper's Ferry.—General Hooker at Antietam.—"Stormed at with Shot and Shell."—A Night Among the Pickets.—The Battlefield.
The Day after the Battle.—Among the Dead.—Lee Permitted to Escape.—The John Brown Engine-House.—President Lincoln Reviewing the Army.—Dodging Cannon Balls.—"An Intelligent Contraband."—Harper's Ferry.—Curiosities of the Signal Corps.—View from Maryland Hights.
Marching Southward.—Rebel Girl with Sharp Tongue.—A Slight Mistake.—Removal of General McClellan.—Familiarity of the Pickets.—The Life of an Army Correspondent.—A Negro's Idea of Freedom.—The Battle of Fredericksburg.—A Telegraphic Blunder.—The Batteries at Fredericksburg.—A Disappointed Virginian.—The Spirit of the Army under Defeat.
Reminiscences of President Lincoln.—His Great Canvass with Douglas.—His Visit to Kansas.—His Manner of Public Speaking.—High Praise from an Opponent.—A Deed without a Name.—Sherman's Quarrel with the Press.—An Army Correspondent Court-Martialed.—A Visit to President Lincoln.—Two of his "Little Stories."—His familiar Conversation.—Opinions about McClellan and Vicksburg.—Our best Contribution to History.
Reminiscences of General Sumner.—His Conduct in Kansas.—A Thrilling Scene in Battle.—How Sumner Fought.—Ordered Back by McClellan.—Love for his Old Comrades.—Traveling Through the Northwest.—A Visit to Rosecrans's Army.—Rosecrans in a Great Battle.—A Scene in Memphis.
Running the Vicksburg Batteries.—Expedition Badly Fitted Out.—"Into the Jaws of Death."—A Moment of Suspense.—Disabled and Drifting Helplessly.—Bombarding, Scalding, Burning, Drowning.—Taking to a Hay Bale.—Overturned.—Rescued from the River.—The Killed, Wounded, and Missing.
Standing by Our Colors.—Confinement in the Vicksburg Jail.—Sympathizing Sambo.—Parolled to Return Home.—Turning the Tables.—Visit from Many Rebels.—Interview with Jacob Thompson.—Arrival in Jackson, Mississippi.—Kindness of Southern Rebels.—A Project for Escape.
A Word with a Union Woman.—Grierson's Great Raid.—Stumping the State.—An Enraged Texan Officer.—Waggery of a Captured Journalist.—The Alabama River.—Atlanta Editors Advocate Hanging the Prisoners.—Renegade Vermonters.
Arrival in Richmond.—Lodged in Libby Prison.—Sufferings from Vermin.—Prisoners Denounced as Blasphemous.—Thieving of a Virginia Gentleman.—Brutality of Captain Turner.—Prisoners Murdered by the Guards.—Fourth of July Celebration.—The Horrors of Belle Isle.
The Captains Ordered Below.—Two Selected for Execution.—The Gloomiest Night in Prison.—Glorious Revulsion of Feeling.—Exciting Discussion in Prison.—Stealing Money from the Captives.—Horrible Treatment of Northern Citizens.—Extravagant Rumors among the Prisoners.
Transferred to Castle Thunder.—Better than the Libby.—Determined Not to Die.—A Negro Cruelly Whipped.—The Execution of Spencer Kellogg.—Steadfastness of Southern Unionists.
A Waggish Journalist.—Proceedings of a Mock Court.—Escape by Killing a Guard.—Escape by Playing Negro.—Escape by Forging a Release.—Escaped Prisoner at Jeff Davis's Levee.
Assistance from a Negro Boy.—The Prison Officers Enraged.—Visit from a Friendly Woman.—Shut up in a Cell.—Stealing from Flag-of-Truce Letters.—Parols Repudiated by the Rebels.—Sentenced to the Salisbury Prison.—Abolitionists before the War.
The Open Air and Pure Water.—The Crushing Weight of Imprisonment.—Bad News from Home.—The Great Libby Tunnel.—Escape of Colonel Streight.—Horrible Sufferings of Union Officers.—A Cool Method of Escape.—Captured through the Obstinacy of a Mule.—Concealing Money when Searched.—Attempts to Escape Frustrated.—Yankee Deserters Whipped and Hanged.
Great Influx of Prisoners.—Starving in the Midst of Food.—Freezing in the Midst of Fuel.—Rebel Surgeons Generally Humane.—Terrible Scenes in the Hospitals.—The Rattling Dead-Cart.—Cruelty of our Government.—General Butler's Example of Retaliation.
Attempted Outbreak and Massacre.—Cold-blooded Murders Frequent.—Hostility to The Tribune Correspondents.—A Cruel Injustice.—Rebel Expectations of Peace.—The Prison Like the Tomb.—Something about Tunneling.—The Tunnelers Ingeniously Baffled.
Fifteen Months of Fruitless Endeavor.—A Fearful Journey in Prospect.—A Friendly Confederate Officer.—Effects of Hunger and Cold.—Another Plan in Reserve.—Passing the Sentinel.—"Beg Pardon, Sir."—Encountering Rebel Acquaintances.
"Out of the Jaws of Death."—Concealed in Sight of the Prison.—Certain to be Brought Back.—Commencing the Long Journey.—Too Weak for Traveling.—Severe March in the Rain.
A Cabin of Friendly Negroes.—Southerners Unacquainted with Tea.—Walking Twelve Miles for Nothing.—Every Negro a Friend.—Touching Fidelity of the Slaves.—Pursued by a Home-Guard.—Help in the Last Extremity.—Carried Fifteen Miles by Friends
A Curious Dilemma.—Food, Shelter, and Friends.—Loyalty of the Mountaineers.—A Levee in a Barn.—Visited by an Old Friend.—A Day of Alarms.—A Woman's Ready Wit.—Danger of Detection from Snoring.—Promises to Aid Suffering Comrades.—A Repentant Rebel
Flanking a Rebel Camp.—Secreted among the Husks.—Wandering from the Road.—Crossing the Yadkin River.—Union Bushwhackers.—Union Soldiers "Lying Out."—An Energetic Invalid
Money Concealed in Clothing.—Peril of Union Citizens.—Fording Creeks at Midnight.—Climbing the Blue Ridge.—Crossing the New River at Midnight
Over Mountains and Through Ravines.—Mistaken for Confederate Guards.—A Rebel Guerrilla Killed.—Meeting a Former Fellow-Prisoner.—Alarm about Rebel Cavalry.—A Stanch old Unionist.—The Greatest Danger.—A Well Fortified Refuge
Dan Ellis, the Union Guide.—In Good Hands at Last.—Ellis's Bravery.—Lost! A Perilous Blunder.—A most Fortunate Encounter.—Rejoining Dan and His Party.—A Terrible March
Fording Creeks in the Darkness.—Prospect of a Dreary Night.—Sleeping among the Husks.—Turning Back in Discouragement.—An Alarm at Midnight.—A Young Lady for a Guide.—The Nameless Heroine.
Among the Delectable Mountains.—Separation from Friends.—Union Women Scrutinizing the Yankee.—"Slide Down off that Horse."—Friendly Words, but Hostile Eyes.—Hospitalities of a Loyal Patriarch.—"Out of the Mouth of Hell."
Engd. by Geo. E. Perine, N.Y.
RICHARD T. COLBURN, "NEW YORK WORLD". CHARLES C. COFFIN, "CARLETON" - "BOSTON JOURNAL". WILLIAM E. DAVIS, "CINCINNATI GAZETTE". JUNIUS H. BROWNE, "NEW YORK TRIBUNE". L. L. CROUNSE, "NEW YORK TIMES". W. D. BICKHAM, "CINCINNATI COMMERCIAL". THOMAS W. KNOX, "NEW YORK HERALD". A GROUP OF ARMY CORRESPONDENTS.
THE FIELD, THE DUNGEON, AND THE ESCAPE.
I will go on the slightest errand now to the antipodes that you can desire to send me on.
Much Ado about Nothing.
Early in 1861, I felt a strong desire to look at the Secession movement for myself; to learn, by personal observation, whether it sprang from the people or not; what the Revolutionists wanted, what they hoped, and what they feared.
But the southern climate, never propitious to the longevity of Abolitionists, was now unfavorable to the health of every northerner, no matter how strong his political constitution. I felt the danger of being recognized; for several years of roving journalism, and a good deal of political speaking on the frontier, had made my face familiar to persons whom I did not remember at all, and given me that large and motley acquaintance which every half-public life necessitates.
Moreover, I had passed through the Kansas struggle; and many former shining lights of Border Ruffianism were now, with perfect fitness, lurid torches in the early bonfires of Secession. I did not care to meet their eyes, for I could not remember a single man of them all who would be likely to love me, either wisely or too well. But the newspaper instinct was strong within me, and the journalist who deliberates is lost. My hesitancy resulted in writing for a roving commission to represent The Tribune in the Southwest.
A few days after, I found the Managing Editor in his office, going through the great pile of letters the morning mail had brought him, with the wonderful rapidity which quick intuition, long experience, and natural fitness for that most delicate and onerous position alone can give. For the modern newspaper is a sort of intellectual iron-clad, upon which, while the Editorial Captain makes out the reports to his chief, the public, and entertains the guests in his elegant cabin, the leading column, and receives the credit for every broadside of type and every paper bullet of the brain poured into the enemy,—back out of sight is an Executive Officer, with little popular fame, who keeps the ship all right from hold to maintop, looks to every detail with sleepless vigilance, and whose life is a daily miracle of hard work.
The Manager went through his mail, I think, at the rate of one letter per minute. He made final disposition of each when it came into his hand; acting upon the great truth, that if he laid one aside for future consideration, there would soon be a series of strata upon his groaning desk, which no mental geologist could fathom or classify. Some were ruthlessly thrown into the waste-basket. Others, with a lightning pencil-stroke, to indicate the type and style of printing, were placed on the pile for the composing-room. A few great packages of manuscript were re-enclosed in envelopes for the mail, with a three-line note, which, while I did not read, I knew must run like this:—
"My Dear Sir—Your article has unquestionable merit; but by the imperative pressure of important news upon our columns, we are very reluctantly compelled," etc.
There was that quick, educated instinct, which reads the whole from a very small part, taking in a line here and a key-word there. Two or three glances appeared to decide the fate of each; yet the reader was not wholly absorbed, for all the while he kept up a running conversation:
"I received your letter. Are you going to New Orleans?"
"Not unless you send me."
"I suppose you know it is rather precarious business?"
"O, yes."
"Two of our correspondents have come home within the last week, after narrow escapes. We have six still in the South; and it would not surprise me, this very hour, to receive a telegram announcing the imprisonment or death of any one of them."
"I have thought about all that, and decided."
"Then we shall be very glad to have you go."
"When may I start?"
"To-day, if you like."
"What field shall I occupy?"
"As large a one as you please. Go and remain just where you think best."
"How long shall I stay?"
"While the excitement lasts, if possible. Do you know how long you will stay? You will be back here some fine morning in just about two weeks."
"Wait and see."
Pondering upon the line of conduct best for the journey, I remembered the injunction of the immortal Pickwick: "It is always best on these occasions to do what the mob do!" "But," suggested Mr. Snodgrass, "suppose there are two mobs?" "Shout with the largest," replied Mr. Pickwick. Volumes could not say more. Upon this plan I determined to act—concealing my occupation, political views, and place of residence. It is not pleasant to wear a padlock upon one's tongue, for weeks, nor to adopt a course of systematic duplicity; but personal convenience and safety rendered it an inexorable necessity.