[85] Ilias.
[86] Ion was a contemporary of Sophocles. Theopompus was the disciple of Socrates, and the author of an epitome of the history of Herodotus, of a history of Greece, of a history of Philip, father of Alexander the Great, and of other works. He was of the aristocratic or Macedonian party. Theocritus, his contemporary, was a poet, orator, and historian; he was of the democratic party. To these, among illustrious natives of Chios, may be added Œnopides the astronomer and mathematician, who was the discoverer of the obliquity of the ecliptic and the cycle of 59 years, for bringing the lunar and solar years into accordance; Nessus the philosopher; his disciple Metrodorus (about B. C. 330) the sceptic, and master of Hippocrates; Scymnus the geographer, and author of a description of the earth.
[87] The Homeridæ may have been at first descendants of Homer; but in later times those persons went by the name Homeridæ, or Homeristæ, who travelled from town to town for the purpose of reciting the poems of Homer. They did not confine themselves to that poet alone, but recited the poetry of Hesiod, Archilochus, Mimnermus, and others; and finally passages from prose writers.—Athenæus, b. xiv. c. 13.
[88] Of the 283 vessels sent by the eight cities of Ionia in the war with Darius, one hundred came from Chios.
[89] Kelisman.
[90] Still to be found in collections of coins.
[91] Leokaes?
[93] Ak-Hissar.
[94] Karadscha-Fokia.
[97] Jenidscheh.
[98] Western Africa.
[99] Gumusch-dagh.
[100] According to Suidas, Daphnidas ridiculed oracles, and inquired of the oracle of Apollo, “Shall I find my horse?” when he had none. The oracle answered that he would find it. He was afterwards, by the command of Attalus, king of Pergamum, taken and thrown from a precipice called the Horse.
[101] The incursions of the Treres, with Cimmerians, into Asia and Europe followed after the Trojan war. The text is here corrupt. The translation follows the amendments proposed partly by Coraÿ, and partly by Kramer, τὸ δ’ ἑξῆς Ἐφεσίους.
[102] These innovations or corruptions were not confined to the composition of pieces intended for the theatre, but extended also to the manner of their representation, to music, dancing, and the costume of the actors. It was an absolute plague, which corrupted taste, and finally destroyed the Greek theatre. We are not informed of the detail of these innovations, but from what we are able to judge by comparing Strabo with what is found in Athenæus, (b. xiv. § 14, p. 990, of Bohn’s Classical Library,) Simodia was designated by the name of Hilarodia, (joyous song,) and obtained the name Simodia from one Simus, or Simon, who excelled in the art. The Lysiodi and Magodi, or Lysodia and Magodia, were the same thing, according to some writers. Under these systems decency appears to have been laid aside.
[103] Od. ix. 3.
[104] Aidin-Gusel-Hissar.
[105] The chain of mountains between the Caÿster and the Mæander, the different eminences of which bear the names of Samsun-dagh, Gumusch-dagh, Dsehuma-dagh, &c.
[106] Sultan-Hissar.
[107] The Tralli Thracians appear to have acted as mercenary soldiers, according to Hesychius.
[108] Groskurd supplies the word πρόσκεινται.
[109] Groskurd reads τοιούτων, for τοσούτων in the text. Coraÿ proposes νοσούντων.
[110] Meineke’s conjecture is followed, λίπα ἀληλιμμένοι, for ἀπαληλιμμένοι.
[111] Groskurd’s emendation of this corrupt passage is adopted, ὑπερβᾶσι τὴν Μεσωγίδα ἐπὶ τὰ πρὸς τὸν νότον μέρη Τμώλου τοῦ ὄρους.
[112] Il. ii. 461.
[113] Arpas-Kalessi.
[114] Mastauro.
[115] Adopting Kramer’s correction of Καρίας for παραλίας.
[116] Cape Arbora.
[117] Schelidan Adassi islands, opposite Cape Chelidonia.
[118] Near Gudschek, at the bottom of the Gulf of Glaucus, now Makri.
[119] The Phœnix (Phinti?) rises above the Gulf of Saradeh.
[120] Alessa, or, according to others, Barbanicolo.
[121] Dalian.
[122] Doloman-Ischai.
[123] Kramer suggests the words ὑπομέλανας καὶ, for the corrupt reading, ἐπιμελῶς.
[124] Il. vi. 146.
[125] The Caunians were aborigines of Caria, although they affected to come from Crete.—Herod. i. 72.
[126] Castro Marmora. The gulf on which it stands is still called Porto Fisko.
[127] Chares flourished at the beginning of the third century B. C. The accounts of the height of the Colossus of Rhodes differ slightly, but all agree in making it 105 English feet. It was twelve years in erecting, (B. C. 292-280,) and it cost 300 talents. There is no authority for the statement that its legs extended over the mouth of the harbour. It was overthrown 56 years after its erection. The fragments of the Colossus remained on the ground 923 years, until they were sold by Moawiyeh, the general of the Caliph Othman IV., to a Jew of Emessa, who carried them away on 900 camels, A. D. 672. Hence Scaliger calculated the weight of the bronze at 700,000 pounds.—Smith’s Dict. of Biog. and Mythology.
[128] Protogenes occupied seven years in painting the Jalysus, which was afterwards transferred to the Temple of Peace at Rome. The Satyr was represented playing on a flute, and was entitled, The Satyr Reposing.—Plutarch, Demetr.; Pliny, xxxv. 10.
[129] ὀψωνιασμοῦ, Kramer’s proposed correction, is adopted for ὀψωνιαζόμενοι.
[130] Marseilles and Artaki.
[131] Bodrum.
[132] Il. ii. 662.
[133] Il. ii. 656.
[134] Il. ii. 678.
[135] Formerly, says Pliny, it was called Ophiussa, Asteria, Æthræa, Trinacria, Corymbia, Pœeessa, Atabyria, from a king of that name; then Macaria and Oloëssa. B. v. 31. To these names may be added Lindus and Pelagia. Meineke, however, suspects the name Stadia in this passage to be a corruption for Asteria.
[136] That is, Children of the Sun. They were seven in number, Cercaphus, Actis, Macareus, Tenages, Triopes, Phaethon, and Ochimus, born of the Sun and of a nymph, or, according to others, of a heroine named Rhodus.
[137] Il. ii. 656.
[138] Hippodamus of Miletus.
[139] Naples.
[140] Majorca.
[141] Negropont.
[142] Called light-armed probably from the use of the sling, common among the Rhodians, as it was also among the Cretans. The use of the sling tends to prove the Rhodian origin of the inhabitants of the Balearic islands. The Athenian expedition to Sicily (Thucyd. vi. 43) was accompanied by 700 slingers from Rhodes.
[143] Strabo here omits to mention the Rhodian origin of Agrigentum and Gela in Sicily.
[144] Il. ii. 668.
[145] Od. vii. 61.
[146] Lindo.
[147] According to Strabo, Alexandria and Rhodes were upon the same meridian.
[148] Camiro.
[149] Lanathi?
[150] Abatro.
[152] The original, which is a play upon words, cannot be rendered in English.
[153] Called before, Eleussa, c. ii. § 2.
[154] The Sea of Marmora.
[155] Capo Volpe, or Alepo Kavo, meaning the same thing.
[156] Isle of Symi.
[157] Crio.
[158] Indschirli, or Nisari.
[159] Keramo.
[160] The word ἔργον, “a work,” suggests that there is some omission in the text. Coraÿ supposes that the name of the architect or architects is wanting. Groskurd would supply the words Σκόπα καὶ ἄλλων τεχνιτῶν, “the work of Scopas and other artificers.” See Pliny, N. H. xxxvi., and Vitruvius Præf. b. vii.
[161] Coronata.
[162] Mela says, of Argives. B. i. c. xvi. § 19.
[163] Petera, or Petra Termera.
[164] Cape Kephala.
[165] Pascha-Liman.
[166] Assem-Kalessi.
[167] Cape Arbore.
[168] Mylassa, or Marmora.
[169] Eski-hissar.
[170] Arab-hissar.
[171] This is a parody on a passage in Aristophanes. Lysis. v. 1038.
[172] Of the golden rays (around the head).
[173] Cicero. Brut., c. 91.
[174] Il. ii. 867, in which the reading is Νάστης, but Μέσθλης in Il. ii. 864.
[175] Od. i. 344.
[176] Il. xv. 80.
[177] Il. v. 222.
[178] βατταρίζειν, τραυλίζειν, ψελλίζειν.
[179] κελαρύζειν, κλαγγὴ, ψόφος, βοὴ, κρότος.
[180] Chelidoniæ, in this passage, is probably an error. Groskurd adopts the name Philomelium.
[181] Ilgun.
[182] At the base of Sultan-dagh.
[183] Ak-Schehr.
[184] Sultan Chan.
[185] Ak-Sera.
[186] Kaiserieh.
[188] Μετὰ τὴν Ῥοδίων Περαίαν, or, “After the Peræa of Rhodes.” Peræa was the name of the coast of Caria opposite to Rhodes, which for several centuries formed a dependency of that opulent republic. In the time of Scylax, the Rhodians possessed only the peninsula immediately in face of their island. As a reward for their assistance in the Antiochian war, the Romans gave them a part of Lycia, and all Caria as far as the Mæander. By having adopted a less prudent policy in the second Macedonic war, they lost it all, including Caunus, the chief town of Peræa. It was not long, however, before it was restored to them, together with the small islands near Rhodes; and from this time Peræa retained the limits which Strabo has described, namely, Dædala on the east and Mount Loryma on the west, both included. Vespasian finally reduced Rhodes itself into the provincial form, and joined it to Caria.—Leake.
[189] Samsun.
[190] Eski Adalia, Old Attaleia; but the Greeks gave the name παλαιὰ Ἀττάλεια, Old Attaleia, to Perge.—Leake.
[191] Gunik.
[192] Patera.
[193] Minara.
[194] Duvar.
[195] Gillies, in his translation of Aristotle, makes use of this example of the Lycians to prove that representative government was not unknown to the ancients. The deputies sent from the twenty-three cities formed a parliament. The taxes and public charges imposed on the several towns were in proportion to the number of representatives sent from each city.—Gillies, vol. ii. p. 64, &c.
[196] Makri.
[197] Site unknown.
[198] Efta Kavi, the Seven Capes.
[199] Od. xix. 518.
[200] Kodscha.
[201] The passage in the original, in which all manuscripts agree, and
which is the subject of much doubt, is—
ὧν καὶ μεγίστη νῆσος καὶ πόλις ὁμώνυμος, ἡ Κισθήνη.
Groskurd would read καὶ before ἡ, and
translates,—“Among others is Megiste an island, and a city of the same
name, and Cisthene.”
Later writers, says Leake, make no mention of Cisthene; and Ptolemy,
Pliny, Stephanus, agree in showing that Megiste and Dolichiste were the
two principal islands on the coast of Lycia: the former word Megiste,
greatest, well describing the island Kasteloryzo or Castel Rosso, as
the latter word (longest) does that of Kakava. Nor is Scylax less
precise in pointing out Kasteloryzo as Megiste, which name is found in
an inscription copied by M. Cockerell from a rock at Castel Rosso. It
would seem, therefore, that this island was anciently known by both
names, (Megiste and Cisthene,) but in later times perhaps chiefly by
that of Megiste.
[202] Cape Chelidonia.
[203] Aboukir, nearly under the same meridian.
[204] Tschariklar.
[205] Garabasa.
[206] Tschiraly. Deliktasch.—Leake.
[207] Ianartasch.
[208] Tirikowa.
[209] Solyma-dagh.
[210] Gulik-Chan?
[211] Il. vi. 184.
[212] Duden-su.
[213] Adalia.
[214] Ernatia.
[215] Ak-su.
[216] Murtana.
[217] Tekeh.
[218] Kopru-su.
[219] Balkesu.
[220] Kislidscha-koi.
[221] Menavgat-su.
[222] Alara.
[223] Alaja, or Castel Ubaldo.
[224] Herod. vii. 91. According to this passage, therefore, the name Pamphylians is derived from πᾶν, “all,” and φῦλον, “nation.”
[225] Alaja.
[226] Syedra probably shared with Coraresium (Alaja), a fertile plain which here borders on the coast. But Syedra is Tzschucke’s emendation of Arsinoë in the text.
[227] Not mentioned by any other author.
[228] Selindi.
[229] Charadran.
[230] Kara-Gedik.
[231] Inamur.
[232] Cape Kormakiti.
[233] Mesetlii.
[234] Softa-Kalessi.
[235] Mandane?
[236] Kilandria, or Gulnar.
[237] According to Pliny, Cilicia anciently commenced at the river Melas, which Strabo has just said belongs to Pamphylia. Ptolemy fixes upon Coracesium as the first place in Cilicia, which, according to Mela, was separated from Pamphylia by Cape Anemurium, which was near Nagidus.
[238] Nahr-el-Asy.
[240] Selefke.
[241] Cape Lissan.
[242] Gok-su.
[243] Cape Cavaliere.