Rinaldo in the garden of Armida, Louis XV. skin mount, stick mother of pearl, guards jewelled, given by King William IV to Augusta, Duchess of Cambridge & left by her to her grand-daughter Victoria Mary.

H.R.H. the Princess of Wales.

HISTORY OF THE FAN

This edition is limited to 450 copies
for sale in Europe and the British
Dominions, of which this is No. 93.

HISTORY OF
THE FAN

BY G. WOOLLISCROFT RHEAD

R.E.; HON. A.R.C.A. LOND.; AUTHOR OF ‘THE PRINCIPLES
OF DESIGN’; ‘A HANDBOOK OF ETCHING’; ‘THE TREATMENT
OF DRAPERY IN ART’; ‘STUDIES IN PLANT FORM’;
‘CHATS ON COSTUME,’ ETC.; JOINT AUTHOR OF
‘STAFFORDSHIRE POTS AND POTTERS’;
‘BRITISH POTTERY MARKS’

LONDON
KEGAN PAUL, TRENCH, TRÜBNER & CO. Ltd.
DRYDEN HOUSE, GERRARD STREET, W.
1910

Edinburgh: T. and A. Constable, Printers to His Majesty

DEDICATED
(BY GRACIOUS PERMISSION)
TO
HER ROYAL HIGHNESS THE PRINCESS OF WALES

PUBLISHERS’ NOTE

THE majority of the blocks in this work were made direct from the actual Fans by Messrs. John Swain and Sons, to whom the Publishers are indebted for the skill and ingenuity with which they have overcome the many special difficulties incidental not only to the subjects themselves, but to the conditions under which many of those in private houses had to be reproduced.

The Colour Plates are printed by Messrs. Edmund Evans.

The block of the Fan Mount by Rosa Bonheur was made by Mr. F. Jenkins in Paris.

The block of the Japanese Fan Mount, The Tamagawa River, is by the Grout Engraving Company.

The lithograph of Bacchus and Ariadne is by Messrs. Martin, Hood and Larkin.

PREFACE

IT is, perhaps, a little singular that up to the present no work making any pretension to completeness has appeared in English dealing with that little instrument so intimately associated with both civil and religious life of the past, the Fan. Even on the Continent the literature of the Fan is exceedingly scanty. M. Blondel’s work, Histoire des Éventails, published in 1875, is but sparsely illustrated, and is mainly based upon the researches of M. Natalis Rondot, whose Rapport sur les objets de Parure was undertaken at the instance of the French Government in 1854. An English translation of M. Octave Uzanne’s brilliant sketch appeared in 1884, and is unillustrated except by fanciful border designs; while Lady Charlotte Schreiber’s stately tomes and Mrs. Salwey’s Fans of Japan deal only with more or less isolated portions of the subject. These, together with Der Fächer, by Georg Buss, appearing in 1904, one or two illustrated catalogues and a few desultory magazine articles, form the sum-total of the Fan’s literature. This paucity of book material, and the general absence of information amongst individuals, is at once an advantage and a disadvantage. I have in dealing with this subject such benefits as the breaking of new ground gives; I have at the same time to contend with the difficulty of collecting information from sources so scattered, and in many instances so obscure.

To the works above mentioned, which indeed have been most helpful, it is only justice to add the admirable article on ‘Les Disques crucifères, le Flabellum, et l’Umbella,’ in La Revue de l’Art Chrétien, by M. Charles de Linas; the sparkling and entertaining ‘History on Fans’ by Henri Bouchot in Art and Letters for 1883; an excellent article on Chinese Fans by H. A. Giles in Fraser’s Magazine for May 1879; articles in various publications by MM. Paul Mantz and Charles Blanc; all these I have freely used, and gladly acknowledge my indebtedness.

But, since it is scarcely possible, in a subject covering such an extended area, to avoid inaccuracies of some sort, I must endeavour to forestall any possible criticism by saying that no pains have been spared to render the book as free from errors as may be. As to the line illustrations, they must be considered merely diagrammatic, and not in any sense realistic representations of the various objects.

I welcome this opportunity of making what is an unusually long list of acknowledgments of help received. Firstly, to my Publishers for their enterprise, the admirable manner in which the book is produced, and for their uniform courtesy. Secondly, to the many owners of fans, these including the most exalted personages, who have so generously responded to my invitation to lend their fragile treasures.

My thanks are also due to the officials of the various Museums, those of the Print Room of the British, and the National Art Library, Victoria and Albert Museums; to Sir C. Purdon Clarke, C.I.E., F.S.A., and his son, Mr. Stanley Clarke of the India Museum; Dr. Peter Jessen of the Kunstgewerbe Museum, Berlin; Professor Pazaurek, Stuttgart; Dr. Hans W. Singer; to Sir George Birdwood, K.C.I.E., C.S.I., who has kindly read the three chapters on ancient fans; to Professor W. M. Flinders Petrie, D.C.L.; Mr. W. Holman Hunt, O.M., R.W.S.; Sir L. Alma-Tadema, O.M., R.A.; the Rev. J. Foster, D.C.L.; the Clerk of the Worshipful Company of Fanmakers; the Librarian at Welbeck; Mr. Wilson Crewdson; Mr. W. Harding Smith; Mr. W. L. Behrens; Mr. R. Phené Spiers; Mr. G. F. Clausen; Mr. J. Ettlinger; Mons. J. Duvelleroy; Mr. H. Granville Fell; Mr. Frank Brangwyn, A.R.A.; Mr. Talbot Hughes; Mr. Frank Falkner, for help in various ways; and last, though by no means least, to Mrs. E. P. Medley, for most valuable assistance in translation.

London, 1909.

G. Woolliscroft Rhead.

PAGE
PREFACE	ix
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS	xiii
CHAPTER I
THE ORIGIN AND USES OF THE FAN	1
CHAPTER II
FANS OF THE ANCIENTS	10
CHAPTER III
FANS OF THE FAR EAST	33
CHAPTER IV
FANS OF PRIMITIVE PEOPLES	77
CHAPTER V
THE FLABELLUM AND EARLY FEATHER-FAN	87
CHAPTER VI
PAINTED FANS OF THE SEVENTEENTH AND EIGHTEENTH CENTURIES (ITALIAN AND SPANISH)	107
CHAPTER VII
PAINTED FANS OF THE SEVENTEENTH AND EIGHTEENTH CENTURIES (FRENCH)	138
CHAPTER VIII
PAINTED FANS OF THE SEVENTEENTH AND EIGHTEENTH CENTURIES (ENGLISH, DUTCH, FLEMISH, AND GERMAN)	176
CHAPTER IX
ENGRAVED FANS OF THE SEVENTEENTH AND EIGHTEENTH CENTURIES. PART I.	204
CHAPTER X
ENGRAVED FANS OF THE SEVENTEENTH AND EIGHTEENTH CENTURIES. PART II.	232
CHAPTER XI
MODERN AND PRESENT-DAY FANS	272

INDEX	301

PEACOCK-FEATHER FAN.
(From a Japanese Painting. British Museum.)

ILLUSTRATIONS IN COLOUR

1.	RINALDO IN THE GARDEN OF ARMIDA. Louis XV. H.R.H. The Princess Of Wales	Frontispiece
TO FACE PAGE
2.	A CONCERT. Dutch. H.R.H. Princess Louise, Duchess of Argyll	1
3.	LA DANSE, AFTER LANCRET. Dr. Law Adam	8
4.	SEA NYMPHS. Italian. Mr. W. Burdett-Coutts, M.P.	27
5.	THE RAPE OF HELEN. ‘Vernis Martin.’ Lady Lindsay	30
6.	CHINESE FAN. Filigree and Enamel. Mr. M. Tomkinson	46
7.	CHINESE FAN. Red Lacquer. Miss Moss	53
8.	HOTEI AND THE CHILDREN. By Kanō-Shō-Yei, 1591. Mr. Wilson Crewdson.	67
9.	THE TAMAGAWA RIVER. By Kanō San Raku. Mr. Wilson Crewdson	68
10.	CUT VELLUM FAN. Mr. L. C. R. Messel	107
11.	FAN MOUNT. Bacchus and Ariadne. Mrs. Bruce-Johnston	Between pages 122 and 123
12.	PIAZZA OF ST. MARK. Mr. W. Burdett-Coutts, M.P.	125
13.	SPANISH FAN PAINTED IN THE CHINESE TASTE. Lady Lindsay	127
14.	PASTORELLE. Spanish. H.S.H. Princess Victor of Hohenlohe-Langenburg	132
15.	BULL FIGHTS. Spanish. Lady Northcliffe	134
16.	PASTORELLE. Louis XV. Wyatt Collection, Victoria and Albert Museum	138
17.	MOMENS MUSICALS. ‘Vernis Martin.’ Mr. Leopold de Rothschild, C.V.O.	142
18.	THE RAPE OF HELEN. ‘Vernis Martin.’ Lady Northcliffe	158
19.	DIDO AND ÆNEAS. Mrs. Bischoffsheim. Facing reverse of same Fan	Between pages 162 and 163
20.	‘CABRIOLET’ FAN. Lady Northcliffe	164
21.	Pg xiv DIRECTOIRE AND EMPIRE FANS. Miss Ethel Travers Birdwood, and Mr. L. C. R. Messel, facing ‘Sans Gêne’ and Empire Fans	Between pages 170 and 171
22.	TELEMACHUS AND CALYPSO. The Dowager Marchioness of Bristol	176
23.	WEDDING FAN. Directoire. Mr. L. C. R. Messel	188
24.	WEDDING FAN. H.R.H. Princess Henry of Battenberg	272
25.	LE CERF DE ST. HUBERT. By Rosa Bonheur. M. Georges Cain	280
26.	THE RED FAN. Conversations Galantes. By Charles Conder. Mr. John Lane	294
27.	THE BLUE FAN. By Frank Brangwyn, A.R.A.	296

ILLUSTRATIONS IN HALF-TONE

28.	LE BAL D’AMOURS. H.R.H. Princess Louise, Duchess of Argyll	2
29.	HOMMAGES OFFERED TO MADAME DE POMPADOUR. Mrs. Bruce-Johnston	6
30.	EGYPTIAN FAN HANDLES. British Museum	14
31.	TERRA-COTTA STATUETTES	28
32.	AN EASTERN POTENTATE TAKING TEA. Mrs. Hungerford Pollen	33
33.	INDIAN FLY-WHISKS AND PEACOCK EMBLEM OF ROYALTY. India Museum	38
34.	LARGE HAND-FAN OF SANDALWOOD. Mrs. Hungerford Pollen	41
35.	FLAG AND PALM-LEAF FANS. India Museum	42
36.	CHINESE FAN. Filigree and Enamel. Victoria and Albert Museum	48
37.	HAND-SCREEN, Front and Reverse. Mr. Wilson Crewdson	50
38.	LACQUERED FAN. Lady Northcliffe	54
	CARVED IVORY FAN WITH THE NAME ANGELA. Mr. W. Burdett-Coutts, M.P.	54
39.	CHINESE FAN WITH IVORY MINIATURES. Mr. W. Burdett-Coutts, M.P.	56
40.	CHINESE FEATHER-FAN (ARGUS PHEASANT) WITH CASE. Victoria and Albert Museum	59
41.	NETSUKI (DAI TENGU). Mr. W. L. Behrens	60
	CAMP-FAN OF EAGLE FEATHERS. Mr. L. C. R. Messel	60
	DAGGER-FAN. Mr. W. L. Behrens	60
42.	SUYE HIRO OGI (Wide End) Open and Closed. Mr. W. Harding Smith	63
43.	AKOMÉ OGI (COURT-FAN). Mr. Wilson Crewdson	64
	WAR FAN (GUN SEN). Mr. W. Harding Smith	64
Pg xv44.	FOUR WAR FANS (GUMBAI UCHIWA). Mr. L. C. R. Messel, Mr. W. Harding Smith, Mr. W. L. Behrens	69
45.	WAR FANS (GUN SEN). Mr. L. C. R. Messel and Mr. W. Harding Smith	72
46.	MODERN JAPANESE FANS. Ivory with Gilt Lacquer and Painted Fan signed ‘Kunihisa.’ Mr. M. Tomkinson	74
47.	THREE CHŪKEI. Mr. L. C. R. Messel	76
48.	PALM-LEAF AND HIDE FANS. British Museum	77
49.	PALM FANS, COCKADE INSCRIPTION FAN, FLY-WHISKS (TAHITI), AND NORTH AMERICAN INDIAN FAN. British Museum	82
50.	THE TOURNAMENT. By A. Moreau. Victoria and Albert Museum	87
51.	FLABELLUM OF TOURNUS. Museo Nazionale, Florence	Facing each other between pages 90 and 91
52.	FLAB”ELLUO”FTOU”NUSxxxDetails	Facing each other between pages 90 and 91
53.	IVORY FAN AND FLABELLA HANDLES. British Museum and Victoria and Albert Museum	92
54.	FAN OF QUEEN THEODOLINDA. Cathedral of Monza	96
55.	COPTIC FLAG-FANS. Königl. Museum, Berlin	98
56.	QUEEN ANNE FEATHER-SCREEN. Mr. L. C. R. Messel	102
57.	DÉCOUPÉ FAN. Musée de Cluny	109
58.	FAN OF MICA. Mr. L. C. R. Messel	110
59.	VENUS AND ADONIS. By Leonardo Germo. Wyatt Collection, Victoria and Albert Museum	114
60.	AN EMBARCATION. Mrs. Hamilton Smythe	116
	CUPID’S HIVE. The Dowager Marchioness of Bristol	116
61.	THE TRIUMPH OF BACCHUS. Lady Northcliffe	118
	BACCHUS AND ARIADNE. Lady Northcliffe	118
62.	THE MARRIAGE OF CUPID AND PSYCHE. Mr. Frank Falkner	121
63.	A SACRIFICE. Mrs. Bruce-Johnston. Facing the Colour Plate of Bacchus and Ariadne	Between pages 122 and 123
64.	RINALDO IN THE GARDEN OF ARMIDA. Miss Moss	129
	CAPTURE OF THE BALEARIC ISLANDS. Mr. L. C. R. Messel	129
65.	BETROTHAL OF LOUIS XVI. WITH MARIE-ANTOINETTE. Mrs. Frank W. Gibson (Eugénie Joachim)	130
66.	SPANGLED FAN. Spanish. Mr. Talbot Hughes	136
	FÊTE DE L’AGRICULTURE, Mr. L. C. R. Messel	136
Pg xvi67.	LA DANSE, AND PASTORELLE. Duchess of Portland	141
68.	PASTORELLE, AFTER LANCRET. H.R.H. Princess Louise, Duchess of Argyll	144
69.	ACTÆON FAN. Musée de Cluny	146
70.	CEPHALUS AND AURORA. Mrs. Bischoffsheim	148
	VERNIS MARTIN. Mrs. F. R. Palmer	148
71.	A PASTORELLE, WITH TWO PORTRAIT MEDALLIONS. Wyatt Collection, Victoria and Albert Museum	150
72.	THE PARTING OF HELEN AND ANDROMACHE. The Dowager Marchioness of Bristol	153
73.	BATTOIR FAN. The Dowager Marchioness of Bristol	154
74.	FÊTE CHAMPÊTRE. ‘Vernis Martin.’ Wyatt Collection, Victoria and Albert Museum	156
75.	BELSHAZZAR’S FEAST. Metropolitan Museum, New York	160
76.	BUILDING OF THE PLACE LOUIS XV. The Dowager Marchioness of Bristol	162
77.	DIDO AND ÆNEAS. Reverse. Mrs. Bischoffsheim. Facing the Colour Plate of same Fan	Between pages 162 and 163
78.	‘CABRIOLET’ FAN. The Dowager Marchioness of Bristol	Facing each other between pages 164 and 165
79.	‘CABRI”OLET’ F”AN. The Do”wager Marchioness”	Facing each other between pages 164 and 165
80.	WEDDING FAN. The Countess of Bradford	Facing each other between pages 166 and 167
81.	WED”DING F”ANLady Lindsay	Facing each other between pages 166 and 167
82.	STICK OF MARIE-ANTOINETTE FAN. Musée du Louvre	169
83.	SANS GÊNE AND EMPIRE FANS. Mr. L. C. R. Messel. Facing Colour Plate of Directoire and Sans Gêne Fans	Between pages 170 and 171
84.	‘LORGNETTE’ FANS. Mr. L. C. R. Messel	173
85.	SPANGLED GAUZE FANS. Mr. L. C. R. Messel	175
86.	A LONDON FAN SHOP. Mr. L. C. R. Messel	178
	THE SURRENDER OF MALTA. Mrs. Hungerford Pollen	178
87.	FÊTES ON THE OCCASION OF THE MARRIAGE OF THE DAUPHIN. Wyatt Collection, Victoria and Albert Museum	180
	ENGLISH FAN. THE VISIT. Collection of Baroness Meyer de Rothschild	180
88.	ENGLISH FAN WITH MEDALLIONS AFTER COSWAY. Wyatt Collection, Victoria and Albert Museum	182
89.	IVORY EMPIRE FAN. Lady Northcliffe	184
	SPANGLED FAN WITH PAINTED MEDALLIONS. Mrs. Frank W. Gibson	184
Pg xvii90.	WEDDING FAN. Mrs. Hawkins	186
	ST. PETER’S, ROME. By J. Goupy. Dr. Law Adam	186
91.	EARLY DUTCH FAN. The Dowager Marchioness of Bristol	190
92.	ANTONY AND CLEOPATRA. Dutch. Miss Moss	Facing each other between pages 192 and 193
93.	AN EMBARCATION. Dutch. M. J. Duvelleroy	Facing each other between pages 192 and 193
94.	DUTCH FAN WITH HEAD ON STICK. Sir L. Alma-Tadema, O.M., R.A.	194
95.	AN OFFERING TO CERES. H.R.H. Princess Louise, Duchess of Argyll	196
96.	DUTCH FAN (DÉCOUPÉ). Mrs. Davies-Gilbert 198
	DUTCH FAN WITH ‘PAGODA’ STICK. Mr. L. C. R. Messel	198
97.	MEDALLION FAN. German. Given by H.R.H. The Duke of Coburg to H.R.H. The Princess Victoria, H.R.H. Princess Louise, Duchess of Argyll	200
98.	GERMAN FAN. Given by H.R.H. The Prince Consort to Queen Victoria	200
	GER”MAN F”A Landesgewerbe Museum, Stuttgart	200
99.	TWO GERMAN FANS. Kunstgewerbe Museum, Berlin	202
100.	ENGRAVED HAND-SCREEN. A. Carracci. Schreiber Collection, British Museum	204
	ENGRAVED HAND-SCREEN.C. F. Hörman.Schr”eiber Colle”ction, Bri”tish	204
101.	FÊTE ON THE ARNO, ‘ÉVENTAIL DE CALLOT.’ British Museum	206
102.	GROTESQUE FAN, STYLE OF CALLOT. Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris	208
103.	THE FOUR AGES. Abraham Bosse	210
104.	TITLE-PAGE. Nicholas Loire. Schreiber Collection, British Museum	212
	LA COQUETTE. Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris	212
105.	TAKING OF THE BASTILLE. Schreiber Collection, British Museum	214
	DUC D’ORLEANS. Miss Moss	214
106.	ABOLITION OF THE SLAVE-TRADE. Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris	222
	‘CABRIOLET’ FAN. Schreiber Collection, British Museum	222
107.	NAPOLEON SHOWS HIS TROOPS THE CHANNEL. Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris	224
108.	PROJECTED INVASION OF ENGLAND, Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris	226
109.	MARRIAGE OF NAPOLEON. Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris	228
	ADVENTURE IN RUSSIA. Schreiber Collection, British Museum	228
110.	A NEW GAME OF PIQUET. Schreiber Collection, British Museum	232
111.	THE MOTION. Schreiber Collection, British Museum	236
	THE NEW NASSAU FAN. Schreiber Collection, British Museum	236
Pg xviii112.	THE HARLOT’S PROGRESS. Mr. C. Fairfax Murray	238
113.	VISIT OF GEORGE III. TO THE ROYAL ACADEMY. Mr. F. Perigal	246
114.	MR. THOMAS OSBORNE’S DUCK-HUNTING. Schreiber Collection, British Museum	252
115.	THE TRIAL OF WARREN HASTINGS. Mr. W. Burdett-Coutts, M.P.	258
	THE PARADES OF BATH. Mr. W. Burdett-Coutts, M.P.	258
116.	A TRIP TO GRETNA. Schreiber Collection, British Museum	264
	‘BARTOLOZZI’ FAN. Mrs. Frank W. Gibson (Eugénie Joachim)	264
117.	MISS CHARLOTTE YONGE’S FAN. Miss Moss	274
	FAN OF ASSES’ SKIN. Miss Moss	274
118.	PAINTED IVORY BRISÉ FAN. Mr. Leopold de Rothschild, C.V.O.	276
	PORTUGUESE FAN. Mr. J. H. Etherington-Smith	276
119.	LACE MOUNT. Youghal Co-operative Lace Society	278
	AN ENTOMOLOGIST. Countess Granville	278
120.	COCKS AND HENS. Claudius Popelin. Musée des Arts Décoratifs, Paris	282
121.	AUTOGRAPH FAN. Sir Lawrence Alma-Tadema, O.M., R.A.	284
	AUTO”GRAPH F”A Japanese. Mr. Frank Brangwyn, A.R.A.	284
122.	LACE FAN PRESENTED TO QUEEN ALEXANDRA FOR USE AT CORONATION. Her Majesty the Queen	286
123.	FEATHER-FAN. H.R.H. The Princess of Wales	289
124.	THE MEET. By Charles Detaille. M. J, Duvelleroy	290
125.	LACE FAN. By Alexandre. Victoria and Albert Museum	To face each other between pages 292 and 294
126.	LACE FAN. M. J. Duvelleroy	To face each other between pages 292 and 294
127.	DESIGN FOR FAN. By Frank Brangwyn, A.R.A.	298
	A GARLAND OF CHILDREN. By G. Woolliscroft Rhead	298

ILLUSTRATIONS IN LINE

	PAGE
Feather-fan, Nimroud	ix
Peacock-feather Fan	xii
Head-piece	xiii
Initial—Boy with Fan	1
Tea-fan	9
Initial—Vulture with Emblem of Protection	10
Fire-fan, Colombia	12
Portuguese ‘Abano’	12
Plaited Hand-fan, Egyptian	13
Hand-fan, Egyptian	13
Pg xix Hand-fan, Egyptian	14
Fly-whisk, Egyptian	14
Ceremonial Fans—from Rosellini	15
Cere”monial F”ns	16
Investiture of the Office of Fan-bearer	17
Umbrella or Canopy of Chariot of Rameses III.	19
Initial—Assyrian Fly-whisk	20
Assyrian and Persian Fly-whisks	21
Covers of Fly-whisks	21
Tail-piece—from an Assyrian relief	26
Initial—Greek Girl with Fan	27
Greek Fans	28
Greek Girl with Fan	30
Tail-piece—Girl with Fan	32
Initial—from printed Cotton Hanging, India	33
Cingalese Sēsata	37
Fly-whisk—from an illumination	38
Fly-”whisk- from a painting on talc, Madras	38
Emblem of Royalty	39
Royal Standards	40
Hand-fan	41
Plaited-Grass Fan	41
Flag-fan	41
Talapat Fan and Pankhás	42
Burmese Fan of Gold	43
Portion of Embroidered Muslin (Chamba, Nineteenth Century)	44
Fly-whisk used by Jains	45
Circular Fan, ‘Like the Moon’	46
Fan of Hsi Wang Mu (Japanese Painting, British Museum)	47
Fan of Ming Dynasty (Painting, British Museum)	47
White Plumed Fan of Hsi Wang Mu	48
Two Pear-shaped Screens	49
Initial—Japanese	60
Feather-fan, Japanese Painting	61
Hand-screen,Japa”nese P”nting	61
Fly-whisk, Upper Nile	77
Plaited Fans, South Pacific Islands	79
Plaited Fans, Hawaiian	80
Various Fans, Samoa	81
Variou”s FansBritish Guiana	81
Variou”s FansEcuador and Peru	81
Variou”s FansSouth-Eastern Pacific	81
Flag-fan, West Africa	83
Fly-whisk, Andaman Islands	85
Fly-”whiskTahiti	85
Fly-”whiskMatabele	86
Fly-”whiskEast African	86
Angel with Flabellum	87
Processional Flabellum	88
Coptic Flabellum	89
Flabellum, from Greek Psalter	93
Flab”ellumfrom Goar	94
Flab”ellumMonza	96
Flag-fan, from Vatican (a glass vase)	98
Banner-fan, from ivory diptich	99
Ghost-fan, Malay Archipelago	106
Fan of Ferrara, or Duck’s-foot	107
Fragments of Fan from Château de Pierre	109
Small Rigid Fans, 1590	109
Feather-fan, Milan	110
Diagram of parts of Folding-fan	116
Rigid Screen of Bologna, 1590	127
Fan of Rice-straw, Fifteenth Century	138
Dimensions of Fans, 1550-1780	148
Japanese Lady’s Court-fan	175
Long-handled Feather-fan	176
Ostrich-feather Folding-fan, Amsterdam	196
Flag-fan, Titian	204
Ivory Fan, Madras, Nineteenth Century	231
Plaited Fan	232
Hide-fan, from Benin	271
Queen Kapiolani’s Fan	272
From a Chinese Screen, Victoria and Albert Museum	299