APPENDIX

I. APPARATUS AND REAGENTS

The apparatus and reagents listed here are sufficient for all the tests described in the text. Those in smaller type are less frequently required. For ordinary routine work a much smaller list will suffice.

Beakers and flasks, several sizes, preferably of Jena glass.

Blood lancet, or some substitute (Fig. 64).

Bunsen-burner or alcohol lamp.

Buret, 25 c.c. capacity; preferably with Schellbach stripe.

Buret and filter-stand combined.

Centrifuge—hand, electric, or water-power (Figs. 16 and 17). With the last two a speed indicator is desirable. Radius of arm when in motion should be six and three-fourth inches. Plain and graduated tubes accompany the instrument; milk-tubes (Fig. 128) must be purchased separately. When sedimentation only is desired, the torfuge (Fig. 31) is a cheap and convenient substitute.

Cigaret-paper, "Zig-zig" brand, or some similar thin paper.

Corks, preferably of rubber, with one and two holes.

Cover-glasses, No. 2 thickness—seven-eighth-inch squares are most convenient.

Cover-glass forceps.

Esbach's tube (Fig. 23).

Evaporating dish.

Filter-paper: ordinary cheap paper for urine filtration; "ashless" quantitative filter-paper for chemic analyses.

Glass funnels.

Glass rods and tubing of sodium glass: for stirring rods, urinary pipets, etc.

Glass slides: the standard 1- by 3-inch size will answer for all work, although a few larger slides will be found convenient; those of medium thickness are preferable.

Graduates, cylindric form, several sizes.

Granite-ware basin.

Hemoglobinometer: see pp. 143 to 147 for descriptions of the different instruments.

Hemocytometer: either Türk or Zappert ruling is desirable (Figs. 69, 70, and 72).

Labels for slides and bottles.

Litmus paper, red and blue, Squibb's preferred.

Microscope (Fig. 1): should have Abbé condenser, 1- and 2-inch eye-pieces, and two-thirds, one-fifth, or long focus one-sixth and one-twelfth inch objectives. A one-half inch eye-piece, a micrometer eye-piece, and an attachable mechanical stage are very useful additions.

Petri dish or cleaned photographic plates for sputum examination.

Stomach-tube.

Test-glass, conic, one side painted half white, half black.

Test-tubes, rack, and cleaning brush.

Ureometer, Doremus-Hinds' pattern (Fig. 20).

Urinometer, preferably Squibb's (Fig. 14).

Blood-fixing oven, or Kowarsky's plate (Fig. 77).

Copper-foil and gauze.

Holt's cream gage and hydrometer (Fig. 127).

Horismascope (Fig. 22).

Pipets, graduated, 5 c.c. to 50 c.c. capacity.

Ruhemann's tube for uric-acid estimation (Fig. 21).

Saccharimeter (Fig. 25).

Strauss' separatory funnel for lactic-acid test (Fig. 87).

Suction filter.

Urinopyknometer of Saxe (Fig. 15).

Widal reaction outfit: either living agar cultures of the typhoid bacillus, or the dead cultures with diluting apparatus, which are sold under various trade names.

Water-bath.

All stains and many reagents are best kept in small dropping bottles. Formulæ are given in the text.

Acid, glacial acetic. Other strengths can be made from this as desired.

Acid, hydrochloric, concentrated (contains about 32 per cent. by weight of absolute hydrochloric acid). Other strengths can be made as desired.

Acid, nitric, strong, colorless.

Acid, nitric, yellow. Can be made from colorless acid by adding a splinter of pine, or allowing to stand in sunlight.

Acid, sulphuric, concentrated.

Alcohol, ethyl (grain-alcohol). This is ordinarily about 93 to 95 per cent., and other strengths can be made as desired.

Aqua ammoniæ fortior (sp. gr. 0.9).

Bromin or Rice's solutions (p. 67), for urea estimation.

Chloroform.

Diluting fluid for erythrocyte count (p. 154).

Diluting fluid for leukocyte count (p. 165).

Dimethyl-amido-azobenzol, 0.5 per cent. alcoholic solution.

Distilled water.

Esbach's reagent (p. 74).

Ether, sulphuric.

Ferric chlorid: saturated aqueous solution and 10 per cent. aqueous solution.

Haines' (or Fehling's) solution (p. 78).

Lugol's solution (Liquor Iodi Compositus, U.S.P.). Gram's iodin solution (p. 38) can be made from this by adding fourteen times its volume of water.

Obermayer's reagent (p. 64).

Phenylhydrazin, pure.

Phenol.

Phenolphthalein, 1 per cent. alcoholic solution.

Purdy's (or Fehling's) solution (p. 80).

Robert's reagent (p. 73).

Sodium chlorid (table-salt), saturated aqueous solution.

Sodium hydroxid (caustic soda), 40 per cent. solution; other strengths can be made from this as desired.

Sodium hydroxid, decinormal solution. This is best purchased ready prepared.

Sodium nitrite, 0.5 per cent. solution for diazo reaction. Must be freshly prepared.

Sulphanilic acid solution for diazo reaction (p. 91).

Stains:

Carbol-fuchsin (p. 33).

Eosin, saturated aqueous solution.

Gabbet's stain (p. 34).

Löffler's alkaline methylene-blue solution (p. 38).

Stain for fat: Sudan III, saturated solution in 70 per cent. alcohol; or 1 per cent. aqueous solution osmic acid.

Wright's stain for blood.

Tincture of guaiac, diluted to a light sherry-wine color (keep in a dark-glass bottle).

Turpentine, "ozonized" (p. 89).

Acid, boric, for preserving urine (p. 48).

Acid, oxalic.

Acid, salicylous (salicyl aldehyd), 10 per cent. alcoholic solution.

Alcohol, amylic.

Alcohol, ethyl, absolute.

Alcohol, methyl (pure).

Barium chlorid mixture (p. 62).

Benzol.

Boas' reagent or Günzburg's (p. 219).

Boggs' reagent (p. 280).

Calcium chlorid, 1 per cent. solution.

Canada-balsam in xylol: necessary only when permanent microscopic preparations are made.

Carbon disulphid.

Charcoal, animal.

Chromium trioxid.

Congo-red, strong alcoholic solution.

Copper sulphate.

Diluting fluid for blood-platelet count (p. 167).

Egg-albumen discs in glycerin (p. 221).

Ether, acetic, pure.

Florence's reagent (p. 285).

Formalin (40 per cent. solution of formaldehyd gas).

Iodin crystals.

Iron sulphid.

Lead acetate (sugar of lead); used in 10 per cent. solution to clarify urine.

Lead acetate, tribasic.

Lime-water.

Magnesium carbonate.

Müller's fluid saturated with mercuric chlorid (p. 37).

Pepsin, U.S.P.

Phenylhydrazin hydrochlorid.

Potassium ferrocyanid, 10 per cent. solution.

Potassium persulphate.

Ruhemann's reagent (p. 69).

Silver-nitrate crystals; also dram to the ounce aqueous solution, and "ammoniated" solution (p. 68).

Sodium alizarin sulphonate, 1 per cent. aqueous solution.

Sodium carbonate.

Sodium chlorid, 2 per cent. solution; from this, normal salt solution (0.8 per cent.) can be made as desired.

Sodium hyposulphite.

Sodium nitroprussid.

Sodium sulphate.

Stains:

        Anilin-gentian violet (p. 38).

        Bismarck-brown, saturated aqueous or alcoholic solution.

        Ehrlich's triple stain for blood.

        Eosin, 0.5 per cent. alcoholic solution for blood.

        Fuchsin, weak solution; can be made when desired by adding a little carbol-fuchsin to a test-tube of water.

        Gentian-violet, saturated alcoholic solution.

        Goldhorn's spirochæte stain (p. 283).

        Methylene-blue and borax solution (p. 193).

        Methylene-blue, saturated aqueous solution for blood.

Sulphur, powdered.

Trichloracetic acid solution (p. 71).

Uranium nitrate, 5 per cent. aqueous solution.

Xylol.

Zinc, arsenic free.

II. WEIGHTS, MEASURES, ETC., WITH EQUIVALENTS

To convert Fahrenheit into Centigrade subtract 32 and multiply by 0.555.

To convert Centigrade into Fahrenheit multiply by 1.8 and add 32.

INDEX