Plate XXIX. fig. 1. ♀.—fig. 2. ♂.
Order: Lepidoptera. Section: Crepuscularia. Family: Sphingidæ. Leach.
Genus. Sphinx, Auctorum.
Sphinx Satellita. Alis integris, fuscis badio griseoque variis, anticis puncto nigro ocellari sesquialtero maculâque triangulari ad angulum analem nigrâ; posticis basi griseis. (Expans. Alar. 4¼ unc. ♂.—5½ unc. ♀.)
Syn. Sphinx Satellita, Linn. Mant. p. 539. Fab. Ent. Syst. III. 1. 370. No. 42. Gmel. Linn. S. N. 2301. 74.
Sphinx Licaon, Cramer.?
Habitat: Jamaica.
Female.—Upper Side. Head and thorax pale olive brown, with dark brown dorsal and lateral lines; the latter edged with white, extending to the abdomen, where two small white streaks run obliquely across it. Abdomen light olive brown, paler on its sides; with two rows of dark brown dorsal spots, reaching almost to the extremity. Anterior wings olive grey; but from the middle of the anterior margin runs a shade of olive brown, ending at the external margin, and continuing towards the tips. Two small black discoidal spots, and a large squarish spot on the middle of the posterior margin of a very dark red brown; from whence to the shoulders extends a shade of paler brown. Posterior wings, next the shoulders, grey, but at the anal angle reddish ash colour; from whence runs a row of small black spots, which lose themselves in a very dark, brown, olive colour, occupying a large part of the wings near the exterior angle. Cilia pale brown.
Under Side. Thorax, thighs, and abdomen dark brown. Wings reddish brown, the posterior palest; and along the abdominal edges ash-coloured. There are very few marks of any sort observable on this side, except a faint waved line which, crossing the superior and inferior wings, ends near the anal angle.
Male.—Upper Side. Head, thorax, abdomen, and anterior wings sandy yellow. The shades and clouds, which in the female are of olive brown, in this are of fine red brown; the two discoidal black spots being distinct. Posterior wings, next the shoulders, grey, as in the female; but along the external margin sandy yellow.
Under Side. The breast, abdomen, thighs, superior and inferior wings are, as on the upper side, the same sandy yellow; the faint waved lines, crossing both superior and inferior wings, being rather more conspicuous than in the female.
Plate XXIX. fig. 3.
Order: Lepidoptera. Section: Crepuscularia. Family: Sphingidæ, Leach.
Genus. Deilephila, Ochs. Steph. &c. Eumorphæ, Hübn. Sphinx, Linn.
Deilephila Euphorbiæ. Alis anticis virescentibus vittâ latâ luridâ maculâque disci virescente, posticis nigris fasciâ margineque exteriori roseis, abdomine cingulis (interruptis) albis. (Expans. Alar. 2 unc. 10 lin. ♂. 3 unc. 1 lin. ♀.)
Syn. Sphinx Euphorbiæ, Linn. Syst. Nat. 2. 802. Donov. Brit. Ins. 3. pl. 91. 92. Fabr. Ent. Syst. III. 1. 367. No. 37. Gmel. Linn. S. N. 2383. 19. Haworth Lep. Brit. 61.
The Spotted Hawk Moth, Harris Aurelian, pl. 44. f. a. c.
Deilephila Euphorbiæ, Ochs. Schmett. iv. p. 43. Curtis Brit. Ent. 1. pl. 4.
Habitat: Holland, Germany (Drury). England, and other parts of Europe.
Upper Side. Head and thorax olive, having a white stripe on each side, which, beginning at the palpi and running across the shoulders, ends at the base of the abdomen; the olive colour extending along that part to its extremity. The first segment of the abdomen is black, the second cream colour, the remainder alternately cream colour and olive. The superior wings are of a flesh colour, having a narrow olive bar beginning at the tips, which, crossing them, ends at the posterior margin, widening gradually; an olive patch, the size of a small pea, is also placed on each next the shoulders, and another on the middle near the anterior edge. Cilia cream colour. The posterior wings black at the base; below which is a rose-coloured bar crossing them, next that is a narrow black indented bar, and beneath these the wing is flesh-coloured, with white cilia.
Under Side. The breast rose-coloured. The abdomen flesh-coloured, with cream-coloured rings. Wings faint rose and flesh-coloured; the anterior having a black spot in each, near the middle, and not far from the anterior edge.
Since the days of Drury this handsome insect has been ascertained to be a native of our island. It has, however, until lately been deemed one of the rarest as well as most beautiful species in the rare family to which it belongs. Entomologists are indebted not only for a considerable number of specimens, but, what is more interesting, for a knowledge of the habits of the insect to William Raddon, Esq. the celebrated engraver, by whom an interesting notice has been published in the Entomological Magazine. It feeds upon the sea spurge (Euphorbia paralias), which grows in plenty on the sand hills in the neighbourhood of Barnstaple and Braunton Burrows, in Devonshire. These sand hills are of great extent, and, as suggested by Mr. Curtis, must have been collected by the winds and storms to which they are constantly exposed. During the winter the whole soil is frequently removed, so as completely to alter the surface of the country; a great number of the pupæ must consequently be destroyed or buried at a considerable distance below the surface, where probably they lie hid until they are brought to light and life by the influence of the elements. These circumstances account for the great irregularity in the appearance of the insects. In 1814, for instance, they were so plentiful that Mr. Raddon found not less than one hundred minute larvæ upon an armful of spurge, which he had cut at dusk the preceding evening. The rarity of the insect is also increased by the difficulty of rearing it. The late Mr. Fuseli, the royal academician, who was a zealous entomologist, was enabled only to obtain one moth from twenty chrysalides. The larvæ are full grown in September, and the moth appears in the following June.
Plate XXX. fig. 1. ♂.—2. ♀.
Order: Coleoptera. Section: Lamellicornes. Family: Dynastidæ, MacLeay.
Genus. Dynastes, MacLeay. Geotrupes, Fabricius. Scarabæus, Latreille, Linnæus, &c.
Dynastes Hercules. Thoracis ♂ cornu incurvo longissimo subtus barbato utrinque unidentato, capitis recurvato dentato. (Long. Corp. 5 unc. 9 lin. ♂.)
Syn. Scarabæus Hercules, Linn. Syst. Nat. 2. 541. 1. Oliv. Ins. 1. 3. b. 1. tab. 1. f. 1. tab. 23. fig. 1. Fabr. Ent. Syst. 1. p. 2. No. 1. Naturalists' Library, Beetles, pl. 11. Edwards, Birds, t. 334. Gronov. Zooph. 412. Johnst. Ins. t. 16. f. 1. Petiv. Gaz. t. 70. f. 1. Roesel. Scar. tom. iv. t. 5. f. 3. Pal. Beauv. Ins. d'Afr. & d'Amer. Col. Pl. 1. c. f. 1. Marcgr. Braz. 247. fig. 3.
Habitat: Gaudaloupe (Drury). South America.
Male. Black, except the elytra, which are of an olive colour; having a number of black spots on them of different shapes and sizes, varying considerably in different individuals. Thorax, above, smooth, and shining, the sides covered with a multitude of small punctures. Its front is produced into a long shining horn, near three inches in length, which gradually bends downwards from the base to the extremity, where it is slightly forked; the under side being covered with short fine hairs of a yellowish colour, resembling the pile of velvet, and having about two inches from its extremity a strong short spine placed on each side. The head is furnished with another horn, about two-thirds the length of the first, sharp and thin on its upper side, and towards the end bending upwards; having on the upper edge, near the middle, three or four teeth or strong spines, and another near the extremity. Eyes shining, red brown. Tibiæ armed with spines, particularly the anterior pair, which have four; three near the tips, and one near the middle. The middle and hinder tibiæ have each two strong spurs, and several smaller spines, surrounded with hair on the other parts. The edge of the abdomen is covered with a row of dark orange-coloured hairs. Several other parts of the body, joints, &c. are also clothed with the same coloured hairs. Each of the ungues has a little tuft of strong hairs issuing from the extremity of the terminal joint of the tarsi.
Female. This sex is unfurnished with horns. The elytra are the same colour as in the male, not spotted so much, if at all, and more rugose. Thorax black, with a few yellowish spots, formed like stars or rays on it. In other respects it resembles the male.
Drury adds to this insect the following remark—"I have observed many species of beetles whose males have been furnished with horns, either on the head or thorax, but in which the females have none, but have those parts quite smooth and plain; and my observations incline me strongly to think that this rule subsists in every one of them, through the whole class. The instances I could bring in support of this opinion are too many to be admitted in this place."
The circumstance observed upon in the preceding note is certainly very interesting in a physiological point of view. In quadrupeds we find both sexes of cornuted species armed with horns; but in insects almost universally the males alone are provided with these appendages. It is also worthy of remark, that although in the majority of insects the females considerably surpass the males in size, yet in those species in which the males are cornuted, the females are almost invariably smaller than their partners.
Burmeister lays it down as a rule, that with regard to the differences of the sexes, their whole character may be thus distinguished; viz. that the male displays a preponderance of evolution, and the female a preponderance of involution; and observes, "that some beetles have processes upon the head and thorax, which, like the mandibles, can meet, like tongs, and thus serve as a weapon. This is asserted of Hercules and its large comrades." This opinion as to the uses of these horns can, however, scarcely be maintained, since the number of species in which the horns really meet is very few. Kirby and Spence observe, "What may be the use of these extraordinary appendages to the males, has not yet been ascertained. Whether the individuals of this sex are more exposed to the attack of birds and other enemies, in consequence of being more on the wing than the females, and are therefore thus provided with numerous projecting points of defence, is a question worth considering." It is also to be observed that these appendages, instead of being deciduous, as in many of the higher animals, are in insects component parts of the external skeleton.
There are a few exceptions to the observation of Drury; thus in the Lamellicorn genus Hoplites Dej. Catal. (Scarabæus Pan,) the females are cornuted as well as the males; and in the genus Osmia, belonging to the section of wild bees, Dasygastres, Latr., the females alone have the head furnished with two porrected horns.
Plate XXX. fig. 3.
Order: Coleoptera. Section: Serricornes. Family: Buprestidæ.
Genus. Buprestis, Linn. Subgenus. Chalcophora, Solier.
Buprestis (Chalcophora) Virginiensis. Thorace lato fusco, punctis cupreis; elytris serratis atris, maculis cupreis, saturâque metallicâ. (Long. Corp. 1 unc. 1½ lin.)
Syn. Buprestis Virginiensis, Drury, App. vol. 2. Herbst. Col. ix. p. 114. 63. t. 148. f. 1.
Buprestis Virginica, Linn. (Gmel.) 1. iv. p. 1940. No. 110. Rossi (Hellw.) Fn. Etr. 1. p. 211. not.
Habitat: Virginia.
Head small and broad. Antennæ about the length of the thorax, and small. Thorax broad and rugged, having the elevated parts of a dark coppery colour; but the depressed ones lighter, covered with very small punctures, and joining close to the wing-cases. Scutellum very small and triangular. Elytra of the same colour with the thorax; the dark parts in the figure being those that lie highest. They are margined on the sides and suture, extending even with the anus; which near their edges are slightly serrated. Under side shining and coppery, but on the sides with a tincture of flesh colour. Legs the same; with two tibial spurs.
Plate XXXI. fig. 1.
Order: Coleoptera. Section: Lamellicornes. Family: Cetoniidæ.
Genus. Goliathus, De Lamarck. Cetonia, Oliv. Scarabæus, Linn, &c.
Goliathus Giganteus. Thorace piceo, nudo, holosericeo-albo lineato; elytris glaucis, clypeo porrecto bifido. (Long. Corp. 4 unc. 3 lin.)
Syn. Goliathus Giganteus, Kirby in Introd. to Ent. vol. 3. p. 33. v. 4. p. 493.
Scarabæus Goliathus, Linn. Mant. 5. 30.
Cetonia Goliata, Fabr. Ent. Syst. 1. 2. p. 124. 1.
Cetonia Goliathus, Olivier, 1. No. 6. pl. 5. f. 33.
Goliathus Magnus, Naturalist's Library, Beetles, pl. 16.
Goliathus Africanus, De Lamarck Anim. sans Vert.
Habitat: Western Africa, near the Equinoctial line.
Head, above, flesh-coloured; beneath, black; about three-fourths of an inch in length, terminating in two blunt, obtuse, and irregular horns. Two other thick and jagged horns also arise from its sides, much shorter than the former. Its breadth at the base is half an inch; having a small projecting ridge running along the middle, from thence to the extremity, at the base of the horns. Thorax an inch and a half long, being principally black; but along the sides is flesh-coloured. It has also five narrow and irregular waved lines of a flesh colour running from the anterior to the posterior edges; one of which, being in the middle of the thorax, is narrower than the rest; the two next this terminate at the posterior edges in a fine rose colour; these next the lateral edges are broadest, having likewise a patch of rose colour next the wing-cases. About the middle of the thorax, these external lines separate and divide, continuing so almost to the anterior edges, where they again unite. The under part of the thorax is flesh colour; but in the middle of a yellowish brown. The scutellum is triangular and black; with a clear white central oblong mark truncated in front. Elytra beautiful chocolate-coloured, and covered with a great number of short fine hairs, resembling the pile on velvet; the anterior part, with a narrow and indented margin, of a cream colour, also surrounding the scutellum. The elytra are two inches broad at the base. Legs very dark green colour, almost black. Intermediate and posterior femora and tibiæ with dark yellow hairs. Abdomen very dark green, furnished on the sides and edge with dark yellow hairs. Sternum rather long.
This magnificent insect may be regarded as one of the rarest species figured in these Illustrations. Drury states, that the specimen here represented was brought from Africa by Mr. Ogilvie, surgeon of His Majesty's ship the Renown, being found floating, dead, in the river Gaboon, opposite Prince's Island, near the equinoctial line. Nearly seventy years have elapsed since the insect was first described, and yet the insect remains, as far as my knowledge extends, unique.[23] It would appear that the specimen either belonged to or passed into the hands of Dr. Hunter after the death of Mr. Drury, for Fabricius describes the species with a citation of the museum of Dr. Hunter alone; and Olivier's figure was taken from the specimen whilst it was in that gentleman's possession. After his decease it passed, with his collection, by bequest, into the possession of the University of Glasgow, where it now forms one of the most interesting objects in the Hunterian Museum. Joseph Hooker, Esq., son of Sir W. Hooker, the highly distinguished botanist of Glasgow, tells me that the individual in question was picked up by a sailor in the river above mentioned, and that it is stated in the MSS. of Dr. Hunter that it cost Mr. Drury £10. In the Catalogue of the Insects of Mr. Drury, which were sold by auction at the Natural History Sale Rooms in King Street, Covent Garden (now occupied by Mr. J. C. Stevens), on the 23rd of May, 1805, and two following days, the 95th lot is described as "Scarabæus Goliathus, var." Whence it would appear that the insect here figured was not in the possession of Mr. Drury at his decease, and that he only possessed the insect figured in the 3rd volume of these Illustrations, pl. 40, which evidently on the authority of Fabricius he had regarded as a variety only of the specimen here figured.
The genus Goliathus is exceedingly interesting, not only on account of the gigantic size and singular form of the species of which it is composed, but also from the geographical range of the group. Mr. Kirby observes upon this subject, "Mr. W. S. MacLeay has remarked to me that Goliathus Lam. appears to belt the globe, but not under one form. The types of the genus are the vast African Goliaths (G. giganteus, &c.), which, as well as G. Polyphemus, and another brought from Java by Dr. Horsfield, have, like Cetonia, the scapulars interposed between the posterior angles of the prothorax and the shoulders of the elytra, while the South American species (G. micans,[24] &c.) have not this projection of the scapulars; in this resembling Trichius; Mr. MacLeay further observes, that the female of the Javanese Goliathus is exactly a Cetonia, while that of the Brazilian is a Trichius."—Introd. to Entomology, vol. 4. p. 494.
Since the publication of this passage, the genus Goliathus has undergone a considerable revision; the South American species, Cetonia Ynca, Fabr. barbicornis, MacLeay, &c., have been separated from the genus by Saint Fargeau and Serville in the Encyclopédie Méthodique, under the generic name of Ynca, and the Javanese species above noticed (Gol. Rhinophyllus[25] Wiedemann) is stated by Latreille in the Règne Animal, 2nd edition, not to belong to the genus Goliathus, but to that of Cetonia. The genus is thus restricted to the African species,[26] with the exception of a Mexican insect which Dejean has named Goliathus Hoffneri. The genus Ynca may thus be regarded rather as a geographical subgenus, or type of form belonging to and representing the African species of Goliathus.
Plate XXXII. fig. 1.
Order: Coleoptera. Section: Rhyncophora. Family: Curculionidæ. Subfamily: Brachyderides.
Genus. Diaprepes, Schonherr. Chlorima, Dej. Curculio, Linn. &c.
Diaprepes Spengleri. Niger, thorace albo-squamoso, elytris squamositate flava vestitis, saturâ, margine striisque tribus elevatis, nudis, nigris, notatis. (Long. Corp. 7 lin.)
Syn. Curculio Spengleri, Linn. Syst. Nat. 1. 2. 609. 32. Fabr. Syst. Eleuth. 2. 532. No. 149. Oliv. Ent. V. 83. 311. No. 345. t. 2. f. 15. C. T. 20. f. 254. Herbst. Col. 6. t. 68. f. 11. & T. 69. f. 1. Schonh. Syn. Ins. Curcul. 2. p. 8. No. 1.
Curculio Aurifer, Drury, App. vol. 2.
Habitat: Jamaica.
Head black, long, and rostrated; as long as the thorax, which is also black. They are both striped underneath with streaks of a shining, golden, green colour. Scutellum very small. Elytra dark brown, extending very low down the sides, and terminating in a point, double margined. The abdomen dark brown, and, with the wing-cases, adorned with many oblong spots or streaks, of a golden green colour. Femora simple, and dark brown. Tibiæ hairy, particularly within. Underside of the tarsi brown yellow.
The golden spots, or streaks, on this insect vary very much; in some individuals being ash-coloured, some blue, and in others nearly white. The colour also of the wing-cases in some is almost black, in others of a red brown.
Plate XXXII. fig. 2.
Order: Coleoptera. Section: Lamellicornes. Family: Scarabæidæ.
Genus. Copris, Geoffroy. Scarabæus, Linn.
Copris Molossus. Thorace retuso bidentato, utrinque impresso; clypeo lunato unicorni integro, elytris lævibus. (Long. Corp. 2 unc.)
Syn. Scarabæus Molossus, Linn. Syst. Nat. 1. II. p. 543. No. 8. Fabricius Ent. Syst. 1. p. 51. No. 167. Olivier, 1. 3. t. 5. f. 37. ♂. t. 4. fig. 25. De Geer. Ins. 1. t. 32. f. 2. Schonherr Syn. Ins. p. 43.
Habitat: China.
Entirely black. Head broad and thin, rounded in front and margined; having a strong erect horn, near half an inch long. Thorax margined, and much elevated, terminating upwards in an high ridge, whose sides are furnished with two short horns, varying very much in their length (the females being entirely hornless); it is also, as well as the head, regularly covered with innumerable small pustules, which are scarce visible to the naked eye. Scutellum obsolete. Elytra margined, short, and almost smooth. Femora broad, hairy, and strong. Tibiæ with strong spurs. Ungues very small, scarcely visible.
Plate XXXII. fig. 3.
Order: Coleoptera. Section: Lamellicornes. Family: Dynastidæ.
Genus. Phileurus, Latreille. Geotrupes, Fabr. Scarabæus, Linn.
Phileurus Didymus. Depressus, thorace fossulâ excavatâ, capite tricuspide, elytris striatis. (Long. Corp. 2 unc.)
Syn. Scarabæus Didymus, Linn. Syst. Nat. 1. II. p. 545. No. 19. Fabr. Ent. Syst. 1. p. 20. No. 61. Oliv. Ent. 1. 3. p. 42. No. 46. t. 2. fig. 9. Schonherr Syn. Inst. 1. p. 19. No. 85. Pal. Beauv. Ins. Col. pl. 16. f. 3.
Habitat: (——? Drury). America (Fabricius).
Head, black, small, and triangular, having three tubercles issuing from it, of which the anterior is pointed, the others blunt. Thorax black, which is the general colour of the insect, rounded, smooth, and margined, having an impression in front, with a short tubercle situated on it near the edge; from whence runs a hollow groove or channel to the posterior margin. Scutellum small. Elytra shining, margined and furrowed. Abdomen smooth and shining, without hair. Tibiæ furnished with spines, as are the first joints of the middle and posterior tarsi.
Plate XXXII. fig. 4.
Order: Coleoptera. Section: Rhyncophora. Family: Curculionidæ. Subfamily: Brachycerides.
Genus. Brachycerus, Fabr. Curculio, Linn. &c.
Brachycerus Globosus. Ovatus niger, rostro varioloso, subcarinato, medio bifoviolato, basi bi-tuberculato, thorace utrinque spinoso, quinque sulcato, postice truncato, elytris lævibus. (Long. Corp. 9 lin.)
Syn. Curculio Globosus, Drury, App. vol. 2. Fabr. Syst. Eleuth. 2. 413. No. 6. Oliv. Ent. V. 82. p. 47. No. 6. t. 2. f. 10. Schonh. Syn. Ins. Curcul. 1. 392. No. 9.
Habitat: Cape of Good Hope.
Head black, long, and rough above. Antennæ short, gradually increasing in size from the base. Thorax black, and very rough; each side terminating in a thick spine or tubercle. Elytra black, smooth, and round, and reaching so far down the sides of the abdomen as almost to meet underneath, being rather longer than the head and thorax. Femora and tibiæ partly black, and partly of a dirty orange; being covered in several parts with a kind of pile of the colour last mentioned. Scutellum obsolete. Each of the ungues furnished with a spine.
Plate XXXII. fig. 5.
Order: Coleoptera. Section: Rhyncophora. Family: Curculionidæ. Subfamily: Entimides.
Genus. Hipporhinus, Schonh. Bronchus, Germar. Curculio, Linn. &c.
Hipporhinus Verrucosus. Elongato-ovatus niger, æneo-micans, rostro quasi abscisso, quinque sulcato, thorace confertim tuberculato, elytris seriato-tuberculatis apice singulatim verrucâ crassâ auctis. (Long. Corp. 1 unc. 3 lin.)
Syn. Curculio Verrucosus, Linn. Syst. Nat. 12. p. 618. No. 90. Fabr. Syst. Eleuth. 2. 534. No. 161. Herbst. Col. 6. 308. t. 84. fig. 6. Schonh. Syn. Ins. Curcul. 1. 481. 27.
Habitat: Cape of Good Hope.
General colour brassy black. Head long, and furnished with a thick rostrum, whereon are placed the antennæ. Thorax rounded, and regularly covered with small pustules. Head and thorax almost the length of the elytra, which are long, brassy, and covered with several rows of tubercles; some being small and round, others larger and oblong; they extend very deeply down the sides of the abdomen, and at their extremities terminate in two swellings. Scutellum obsolete. Femora simple. Posterior tibiæ very crooked.
Plate XXXII. fig. 6.
Order: Coleoptera. Section: Longicornes. Family: Lamiidæ.
Genus. Lamia, Fabr. &c. Cerambyx p. Linn. &c. Subgenus. Sternotomis, Percheron.
Lamia (Sternotomis) Pulchra. Nigra, thorace transversé fulvo trifasciato, elytris fulvo maculatis et variegatis, maculis interdum viridi-cinctis. (Long. Corp. fere 1 unc. 3 lin.)
Syn. Cerambyx Pulcher. Drury, App. vol. 2. (nec C. pulcher Fabr. qui ad C. mirabilem Drurii pertinet.)
Lamia blanda, Schonh. Syn. Ins. 3. 373.
Lamia ornata, Pal. Beauv. Ins. d'Afr. et d'Amer. Col. Pl. 37. f. 1.
Lamia regalis, Fabr.? Syst. Eleuth. 2. 286.
Habitat: Jamaica.
Head orange colour, encircled with black stripes. Antennæ black, being a little longer than the insect. Thorax orange-coloured, encircled with black rings; having a single spine on each side. Elytra with orange-coloured clouds and spots on them, separated by black partitions, some being margined with green. Abdomen orange-coloured, the middle being of a dirty green. Femora simple, dark green. Tibiæ the same.
Plate XXXIII. fig. 1.
Order: Coleoptera. Section: Lamellicornes. Family: Cetoniidæ.
Genus. Cetonia, Fabricius. Scarabæus, Linn.
Cetonia Aurata. Segmento abdominis primo lateribus unidentato, elytris lineolis transversis albis. (Long. Corp. 9 lin.)
Syn. Scarabæus Pallidus, Drury, App. v. 2. Herbst. Col. III. p. 247. 35. tab. 31. fig. 2.
Cetonia Aurata, Duftschm. Fn. Aust. 1. p. 166. 3. Schonh. Syn. Ins. III. p. 119. No. 37. γ.
Habitat: Smyrna (Drury).
General colour above, rusty copper; beneath, shining purple. Thorax smooth, margined, and narrow in front. Elytra margined, and near their extremities a little protuberant. On the first joint of the abdomen are two scales lying close under the hinder thighs, which are thin and sharp on their edges, but next the body are thick and strong.[27] The breast is a little hairy. Tibiæ dentated and hairy, except the fore ones. Each of the tibiæ with two spurs.
Plate XXXIII. fig. 2.
Order: Coleoptera. Section: Lamellicornes. Family: Cetoniidæ.
Genus. Cetonia, Fabricius. Scarabæus, Linn.
Cetonia Fascicularis. Thorace lineis quatuor albis, elytris viridibus, abdominis incisuris barbatis. (Long. Corp. 1 unc.)
Syn. Scarabæus Fascicularis, Linn. Syst. Nat. 1. II. p. 557. 75.
Cetonia F. Fabricius Syst. Eleuth. 2. p. 144. 45. Olivier Ent. 1. 6. p. 16. 12. t. 11. f. 108. Schonh. Syn. Ins. 3. 126. 67. Petiv. Gazoph. t. 8. f. 6. Roesel. vol. 2. tab. B. f. 6.
Habitat: Cape of Good Hope.
Head black, small, and quadrangular. Antennæ black. Thorax black, smooth, and shining; with a white margin on its sides, and two white lines running from the neck to the posterior edge, being placed nearly at equal distances. Scutellum triangular, black, and shining. Elytra dark green. Each joint of the abdomen is covered with tufts of orange-coloured hairs on its sides. Femora and tibiæ, particularly the fore ones, hairy. The middle of the breast and abdomen is black and shining. Anterior tibiæ with four spines and teeth; the middle ones with six, and the hind ones with five.
Plate XXXIII. fig. 3.
Order: Coleoptera. Section: Lamellicornes. Family: Cetoniidæ.
Genus. Cetonia, Fabricius. Scarabæus, Linn.
Cetonia Capensis. Rufa hirta, punctis albis adspersa. (Long. Corp. 10 lin.)
Syn. Scarabæus Capensis, Linn. Syst. Nat. 1. II. p. 556. 73. Fabr. Syst. Eleuth. II. p. 144. 48. Olivier Ent. 16. p. 27. 28. t. 6. 38. n b. Herbst. Col. III. tab. 29. f. 12. Schonh. Syn. Ins. III. 127. 71.
Scarabæus albo punctatus, De Geer Ins. vii. p. 640. 40. t. 48. f. 2.
Habitat: Cape of Good Hope.
Head margined, black, and nearly quadrangular. Antennæ black. Thorax margined, and of a dark chocolate colour; which, with the elytra and scutellum, are hairy, and embellished with a great number of white spots. The latter is black and shining. Elytra fine chocolate-coloured, and faintly margined (the suture being black), not covering the anus. The under part of the insect is covered with pale clay-coloured hairs; but on the fore femora, and next the head, the hairs are browner.
Plate XXXIII. fig. 4.
Order: Coleoptera. Section: Lamellicornes. Family: Cetoniidæ.
Genus. Cetonia, Fabricius. Scarabæus, Linn.
Cetonia Fastuosa. Ænea nitidissima, immaculata. (Long. Corp. 1 unc.)
Syn. Cetonia Fastuosa, Fabr. Syst. Eleuth. II. p. 137. 10. Panzer Faun. Ins. Germ. xii. 16.
Cetonia Aurata var. Olivier Icon. 6. tab. 1. 1. f. 1. f.
Scarabæus æruginosus, Drury, p. 72. (Exclus. Syn. Linn.)
Habitat: Smyrna (Drury). South of Europe (Fabricius).
Entirely shining golden green-coloured, except the antennæ, which are blackish. Head margined, small, and quadrangular. Thorax smooth and margined. Scutellum triangular. The elytra margined, having two little swellings near the extremities, and not extending beyond the anus. The breast and abdomen are smooth. Mesosternum extending beyond the middle thighs. Tibiæ armed with spines at the tips, and the fore ones deeply dentated.
Plate XXXIII. fig. 5. 6.
Order: Coleoptera. Section: Lamellicornes. Family: Cetoniidæ.
Genus. Gymnetis, MacLeay. (Horæ Ent. 1. p. 1. p. 152.) Scarabæus, Linn.
Gymnetis Nitida. Glabra viridis, thoracis et elytrorum marginibus testaceis, tibiis haud dentatis, capite spinâ recumbente. (Long. Corp. fere 10 lin.)
Syn. Gymnetis Nitida, MacLeay Horæ Ent.
Cetonia Nitida, Fabr. Syst. Eleuth. II. p. 139. 24. Olivier Ent. 1. 6. p. 18. 14. t. 3. f. 16. & tab. 7. f. 56. a, b, c.
Scarabæus N. Linn. Syst. Nat. 1. II. p. 552. No. 51. De Geer, vol. 14. t. 19. f. 8, 9.
Habitat: Antigua, St. Christopher's, Jamaica, Maryland, New York, Virginia, &c. (Drury).
Head green, small, quadrangular, and margined. On the front is a tubercle, like a short thick horn; in the middle is another lying flat. Thorax margined, and of a dark green colour, but round the sides of a dirty clay colour. Elytra faintly margined; in some specimens being of a dark green, with a dark orange border on the sides; in others almost entirely of a dark orange, and in others party-coloured. Thorax terminating between the wing-cases, like an obtuse angle; but a microscope discovers something like a scutellum. Breast and abdomen shining green, and not hairy. The femora and tibiæ clay-coloured; but when held in particular positions, seem of a shining green. Posterior trochanters distinct.
Plate XXXIII. fig. 7.
Order: Coleoptera. Section: Lamellicornes. Family: Rutelidæ.
Genus. Macraspis, MacLeay. Cetonia, Fabr. Scarabæus, Linn.
Macraspis Tetradactyla. Atra, scutello elytris dimidio breviore, pedibus triunguiculatis, pollice fixo. (Long. Corp. circ. 1 unc.)
Syn. Scarabæus Tetradactylus, Linn. Mant. 530. Sloane Jamaica, t. 237. f. 2.
Cetonia T. Fabr. Syst. El. II. p. 151. 80. Olivier Enc. 1. 6. p. 74. 93. t. 2. f. 8. & t. 7. f. 53.
Habitat: Jamaica.
Entirely deep shining black. Front of the head margined, from whence underneath appear two lips. Thorax margined. Elytra not margined, nor covering the anus. Scutellum remarkably large and long, reaching half way down the wing-cases. Posterior trochanters distinct. Sternum long. Tibiæ dentated, and armed with spines, particularly at the tips; tarsal joints also furnished with spines. Ungues composed of two principal hooks, which divide and separate as usual; but one has an immoveable lesser hook within it, and likewise a long spine fixed to the last tarsal joint of equal length with the hooks, as shewn in the figure near the insect.
Plate XXXIII. fig. 8.