Order: Lepidoptera. Section: Diurna. Family: Nymphalidæ, Swains.
Genus. Nymphalis, Latr. Papilio (Nymph. Gemmat.), Drury.
Nymphalis Camillus. Alis albis, fasciis fulvis nigro-marginatis, posticis bicaudatis angulo ani fulvo, punctis nigris albo marginatis. (Expans. Alar. 2 unc. 9 lin.)
Syn. Papilio N. Camillus, Fabr. Spec. Ins. tom. 2. p. 11. No. 42. (1781). Enc. Méth. ix. p. 361. No. 39. (Nymphalis C.)
Papilio (Eq. Ach.) Pantheus, Drury, App. vol. 2. (1783.)
Habitat: Sierra Leone.
Upper Side. Antennæ black. Thorax and abdomen brown, streaked with white. Wings white, edged with black. Anterior ones having a yellow streak next the shoulders, edged with black. Two others a little broader also rise at the anterior edges, and crossing these wings, are continued down the posterior ones almost to the abdominal corners, where they end in points; tips of these wings brown, edged with black, forming six square white spots. Posterior wings having two tails, abdominal corners yellow, with two round extensions of the wings like tails, with a singular group of small, black, white, and blue spots prettily contrasted.
Under Side. Palpi yellow above, and white beneath, tipped with black. Breast, abdomen, and legs white. Wings nearly coloured as on the upper side; posterior having two remarkable oval black velvety spots at the abdominal corners. Wings dentated.
Plate VII. fig. 1, 2.
Order: Lepidoptera. Section: Diurna. Family: Nymphalidæ, Swains.
Genus. Nymphalis, Latr. Papilio (Nymph. Gemmat.), Drury.
Nymphalis Isis. Alis fusco-nigris, anticis integris utrinque maculâ disci chermesinâ; posticis dentatis, suprà strigâ marginali albidâ. (Expans. Alar. 2 unc. 6 lin.)
Syn. Papilio (Dan. Fest.) Isis, Drury, App. vol. 3. (1783.)
Papilio N. Isis, Fabr. Ent. Syst. III. 1. p. 124. No. 377. (1793.) Donovan Ins. India, pl. 7. fig. 1. 2.
Habitat: Rio Janeiro.
Under Side. Antennæ black. Thorax and abdomen brownish black. Wings very dark brown; the anterior having a large triangular patch of carmine red situated near the posterior and external edges. The posterior have also a narrow white streak at the abdominal corners.
Upper Side. Palpi black above, white beneath. Breast, abdomen, and legs ash-coloured. Wings lighter brown than on the upper side; a pale flesh-coloured bar crossing the wings from the anterior to the external edges, being about half an inch broad, between which and the body are several small bloody spots and streaks. Anterior wings entire, the posterior dentated.
It is by mistake that Donovan has introduced this Brazilian species into his work upon the Insects of India.
Plate VII. fig. 3, 4.
Order: Lepidoptera. Section: Diurna. Family: Nymphalidæ, Swains.
Genus. Nymphalis, Latr. Papilio (Nymph. Gemmat.), Drury.
Nymphalis Antiochus. Alis supra holosericeo-nigris, fasciâ communi nitidè aurantiâ; anticarum abbreviatâ. (Expans. Alar. 2 unc. 9 lin.)
Syn. Papilio (Dan. Fest.) Antiochus, Linn. Mant. 1. 537. Drury, App. vol. 3. Fabricius Ent. Syst. III. 1. p. 44. No. 134. Don. Ins. China, pl.
Papilio Eupalemon, Cramer, tab. 143. fig. B. C. Le Velonté Daubenton pl. Eulum. 68. f. 3. 4.
Habitat: Brazil.
Upper Side. Antennæ, head, thorax, and abdomen black. Wings fine velvety black. An orange-coloured bar, about one-fourth of an inch broad, rises in the middle of the superior wings, running circularly and crossing the inferior ones, meeting about the middle of the abdominal edges.
Under Side. Palpi white. Tongue brown. Breast and legs white. Abdomen yellow-brown. Wings shining brown, exhibiting various shades of changeable colours; the tips terminating in an ash colour. Wings scarcely dentated.
Donovan has, in like manner, introduced this species into his work on the insects of China.
Plate VII. fig. 5, 6.
Order: Lepidoptera. Section: Diurna. Family: Nymphalidæ, Swains.
Genus. Hipparchia, Fabr. Satyrus, Latr. Papilio (Nymph. Phal.), Drury.
Hipparchia Cluena. Alis teneris, cinerascenti-violaceis, posticis dentatis utrinque ocellis quinque atris, subtùs lineis tribus fasciâque brunneis a costâ anticarum deductis. (Expans. Alar. 2 unc. 3 lin.)
Syn. Papilio (Nymph. Phal.) Cluena, Drury, App. vol. 3.
Papilio (Satyrus) Clueria, Fabr. Ent. Syst. III. 1. p. 229. No. 716. Enc. Méth. ix. p. 492.
Habitat: Brazil. "Rio Janeiro, Mr. Bonifas, 1775" (Drury's MSS.).
Upper Side. Antennæ brown. Thorax and abdomen grey-brown. Wings blueish grey-brown, with two narrow dark lines crossing the anterior ones from the anterior to the posterior edges; one in the middle of the wings, the other near the thorax; the posterior ones having five oval eyes placed near the external edges, the pupil being white, the iris dark, almost black.
Under Side. Palpi, legs, breast, and abdomen grey. Wings blueish flesh-colour, with a line crossing them, rising at a small distance from the tips, ending a little above the abdominal corners, the external part of it being brown. A small eye is placed near the tips of the superior ones, having a black and yellow iris and white pupil. Five eyes of the same kind are also placed on the inferior ones along the external edges. Margins of the wings slightly dentated.
Plate VIII. fig. 1, 4.
Order: Lepidoptera. Section: Diurna. Family: Nymphalidæ, Swains.
Genus. Nymphalis, Latr. Papilio (Nymph. Gemmat.), Drury.
Nymphalis Arethusa. Alis integris suprà nitidè atris, virescenti-cœruleo multimaculatis; posticis subtùs punctis baseos angulique ani rubris ♂. (Expans. Alar. 3 unc. 3 lin.)
Syn. Papilio Arethusa, Cramer, pl. 77. E. F. (♂.) pl. 130. fig. A. (♀ Pap. Laodamia.) Fabr. Ent. Syst. III. 1. p. 43. No. 130.
Nymphalis Arethusus. Enc. Méth. ix. p. 427. Donovan Nat. Repos. 2. pl. 48. fig. super.
Habitat: Brazil.
Upper Side. Antennæ black. Thorax and abdomen black, spotted with light blue. Wings black, having a great number of small light blue spots sprinkled over every part, and variously shaped.
Under Side. Palpi black, with a white streak on each. Tongue, legs, and breast black, the latter with bloody streaks on the side. Abdomen dark brown. Wings reddish dark brown; the anterior ones having two faint blue spots near the lower corners; and the posterior having a little group of bloody spots at the shoulders, with a row of the same coloured spots (five in all) placed along the external edges near the abdominal corners. Margins of the wings entire.
Plate VIII. fig. 2.
Order. Lepidoptera. Section: Diurna. Family: Lycænidæ? Steph.
Genus. Erycina, Fabr. Latr. God. Papilio (Dan. Fest.), Drury.
Erycina Jarbas. Alis integerrimis atris, cœruleo micantibus singulis utrinque fasciâ fulvâ, transversali, mediâ. (Expans. Alar. 1 unc. 9 lin.)
Syn. Papilio (Dan. Fest.) Jarbas, Drury, App. vol. 3. (1783.)
Hesperia (rur.) Perditus, Fabr. Ent. Syst. III. 1. p. 323. No. 222.
Erycina Perditus, Enc. Méth. ix. p. 590. No. 127.
Habitat: Brazil. "Rio Janeiro, Mr. Bonifas, 1775" (Drury's MSS.).
Upper Side. Antennæ black. Thorax and abdomen nearly black. Wings brownish black. An orange-coloured bar, about a quarter of an inch broad, crosses the anterior wings from the middle of the anterior edges to the lower corners, from whence another of half that breadth crosses the posterior wings, meeting just below the anus.
Under Side. Tongue, legs, breast, and abdomen dark brown, the latter having a small orange streak on each side. Wings coloured as on the upper side. Margins of the wings entire.
Plate VIII. fig. 3.
Order: Lepidoptera. Section: Diurna. Family: Lycænidæ? Steph.
Genus. Erycina, Fabr. Latr. God. Papilio (Dan. Fest.), Drury.
Erycina Menetas. Alis chermesinis, limbo tenuissimo nigro, margine antico et externo anticarum latiori, flavoque maculato, posticis triangularibus. (Expans. Alar. 1 unc. 3 lin.)
Syn. Papilio (Pleb. urb.) Menetas, Drury, App. vol. 3. (1783.)
Hesperia R. Tacitus, Fabr. Ent. Syst. III. 1. p. 308. 168. (1793.)
Erycina Tacitus, Enc. Méth. ix. p. 588. Donovan Nat. Reposit. 4. 134.
Habitat: "Brazil, Mr. Bonifas, 1776" (Drury's MSS.). Surinam (Fabricius).
Upper Side. Antennæ black. Front of the head yellow. Thorax black, with two yellow streaks at the base of the wings. Abdomen dark brown. Half of the superior wings black, beginning at the shoulders, and running to the external edges, on which are seven cream-coloured spots variously shaped. The other half of these wings is scarlet, without any marks. Posterior wings entirely scarlet, edged with black.
Under Side. Palpi cream-coloured. Breast and abdomen light yellow. Legs black, but underneath pale yellow. Wings coloured as on the upper side. Margins of the wings entire.
Mr. Donovan has lately published figures of the upper and under side of this butterfly (which closely resemble each other) in his Naturalist's Repository. These figures do not however represent the peculiar character of the posterior pair of wings, neither is the author correct in his chronological account of this species, as Drury's account and figure were published ten years previous to the Entomologia Systematica, in which work alone of Fabricius is the species mentioned. I have consequently retained the specific designation imposed by Drury, and adopted by the authors of the Encyclopédie Méthodique.
Plate IX. fig. 1.
Order: Lepidoptera. Section: Diurna. Family: Papilionidæ, Leach.
Genus. Papilio, Auct. Papilio (Equit. Troj.), Linn.
Papilio Ascanius. Alis nigris, fasciâ communi albâ, posticarum rubro inquinatâ; his caudatis, maculis marginalibus chermesinis. (Expans. Alar. 4 unc.)
Syn. Papilio Ascanius, Cramer, pl. 14. fig. A. Fabricius Spec. Ins. tom. 2. p. 2. No. 6. Ent. Syst. III. 1. p. 3. No. 8. Enc. Méth. ix. p. 73. Boisduval Hist. Nat. Lepid. 1. 306. 141.
Habitat: Brazil. "Rio Janeiro, Mr. Bonifas, 1775" (Drury's MSS.).
Upper Side. Antennæ black. Head, thorax, and abdomen black, the latter tinged with orange. Anterior wings sootty black, having a broad white bar rising near the middle of the anterior edges, which crossing them and the anterior ones, meets just below the abdomen. These wings are furnished with two tails, and scolloped, the scollops being white. All the lower part of these wings is of a fine deep black, whereon are placed five red streaks between the tendons, running along the external edges. This black margin is separated from the white bar before mentioned by a carmine red one, and the space between the white bar and the shoulders is of a soot black.
Under Side. Palpi reddish. Tongue and legs black. Breast black, with red spots on the sides. Abdomen black, with the sides and anus red. Wings on this side coloured as on the upper side, but rather more brilliant.
Plate IX. fig. 2, 3.
Order: Lepidoptera. Section: Diurna. Family: Lycænidæ? Steph.
Genus. Erycina, Fabr. Latr. God. Papilio (Dan. Fest.), Drury.
Erycina Ampyx. Alis subintegris supra fuscis, anticarum maculis duabus flavis; subtus omnibus flavis, maculis ferrugineis auro-pupillatis. (Expans. Alar. 1 unc. 9 lin.)
Syn. Papilio (Pl. urb.) Ampyx, Drury, App. vol. 3.
Erycina Ampyx, Latr. & God. Enc. Méth. ix. p. 586. No. 105.
Habitat: Brazil. "Rio Janeiro, Mr. Bonifas, 1776" (Drury's MSS.).
Upper Side. Antennæ white, brown at their extremities. Thorax, abdomen, and wings brown; the anterior wings having two oval straw-coloured spots placed near the middle, and the anterior edges of the posterior ones streaked with the same colour.
Under Side. Palpi, breast, legs, and abdomen straw-coloured. Wings straw-coloured, being spotted and streaked with red brown, each of these markings appearing to have a gold spot or streak in its centre, forming a very beautiful and singular appearance. Margins of the anterior wings entire, but of the posterior ones a little dentated.
Plate IX. fig. 4.
Order: Lepidoptera. Section: Diurna. Family: Papilionidæ, Leach.
Genus. Papilio, Auct. Papilio (Equit. Troj.), Linn.
Papilio Agavus. Alis atris concoloribus; anticis fasciâ, posticis disco, albidis; his caudatis lunulis marginalibus anguloque anali chermesinis. (Expans. Alar. 3 unc. 6 lin.)
Syn. Papilio (Eq. Achiv.) Agavus, Drury, App. vol. 3. Stoll. Suppl. Cram. pl. 32. 1. 1. A. Latr. & God. Enc. Méth. ix. p. 73. Boisd. Hist. Nat. Lep. 1. p. 306. 142.
Papilio Lysander? Fabr. Ent. Syst. III. 1. p. 9.
Habitat: Brazil.
Upper Side. Antennæ black. Neck red. Thorax, abdomen, and wings black. A narrow straw-coloured bar runs from the anterior edges of the superior ones near the tips, and, crossing the posterior edges, terminates in a large spot of the same colour on the posterior wings, situated near the shoulders. Posterior wings furnished with two short and two longer tails, and having two large carmine-coloured spots placed near the abdominal corners, and three others, that are smaller, along the external edges.
Under Side. Palpi and tongue black. Breast the same, the sides having streaks of red on them. Abdomen black, and the sides streaked with red. Wings nearly the same colour as on the upper side; the red spots on the posterior ones being more numerous, and those at the abdominal corners not so large.
Plate X.
Order: Lepidoptera, Linn. Section: Diurna, Latr. Family: Nymphalidæ, Swainson.
Genus. Nymphalis, Latr. Papilio (Eq. achiv.) Linn. Drury. Papilio Nymphalis, Fabr. (Subgenus: Charaxes, Boisduval.)
Nymphalis (Charaxes) Etesipe. Alis supra atro-cœruleis, subtus albo griseo nigro ferrugineoque marmoratis; utrinque fasciâ albâ, mediâ, anticarum interruptâ. (Expans. Alar. 3 unc. 6 lin.)
Syn. Nymphalis Etesipe, Latr. & God. Enc. Méth. ix. p. 355. No. 19.
Papilio (Nymph. Phal.) Etheocles, Drury, App. vol. 3. (nec Fabricius.)
Habitat: "Sierra Leone, Mr. Smeathman, 1775" (Drury's MSS.).
Upper Side. Antennæ black. Thorax and abdomen nearly black. The external part of the wings black, but next the body of a blueish cast. A blueish white bar, about a third of an inch in breadth, rises in the superior wings, and, crossing the inferior, meets just below the abdomen. At the tips of the former are five small oblong whiteish spots, and two larger, placed close to the forementioned bar, but separated from it by the tendons of the wing. Posterior wings furnished with four short tails of equal length, having four small white spots at the abdominal corners, and a small yellow crescent about the middle of the external edge.
Under Side. Palpi, legs, and breast white. Abdomen brown. Anterior wings next the body of a blueish ash-colour, which becomes darker as it approaches the external edges. Half these wings next the body, is adorned with many differently shaped spots of a dirty red, verged with black. A range of not less than seven oblong black spots is situated along the external edges, and the whiteish bar, visible on the upper side, is here to be seen, but not so regular. The ground of the posterior wings is the same colour as the anterior, with several reddish spots differently shaped, and verged with black. Anterior edges white, and along the external edges are a number of small black spots and streaks not to be distinctly described.
The name of Etheocles, which Drury applied to this insect, without any reference to Fabricius, had been previously employed by that author for a distinct but nearly allied species, which he indeed regarded as identical with Drury's insect. The distinctions between the two species were first pointed out in the Encyclopédie Méthodique, in which work the name adopted above was given to Drury's insect.
Plate XI. fig. 1, 2.
Order: Lepidoptera, Linn. Section: Diurna, Latr. Family: Nymphalidæ, Swainson.
Genus. Nymphalis, Latr. Papilio (Eq. achiv.) Linn. Drury. Papilio Nymphalis, Fabr. (Subgenus: Charaxes, Boisduval.)
Nymphalis (Charaxes) Berenice. Alis supra nigris, fasciâ communi rufâ, disco nigro maculato; posticis subtus albo, flavo ferrugineoque maculatis. (Expans. Alar. 3 unc. 3 lin.)
Syn. Papilio (Nymph. Phal.) Berenice, Drury, App. vol. 3. (1783.) Fabr. Mant. Ins. 2. p. 48. No. 471. (1787.)
Papilio Zingha, Cramer, pl. 315. fig. B. C. Herbst. t. 151. fig. 3. 4. Donovan Nat. Repos. 3. 107.
Habitat: "Sierra Leone, Mr. Smeathman, 1776" (Drury's MSS.).
Upper Side. Antennæ black, with four white spots at the base and four on the sides of the neck. Thorax and abdomen yellow brown. Wings black, like velvet; anterior having the middle occupied by a large triangular space of a deep orange, crossing the posterior ones, and meeting at the body: on the anterior edges of this orange division are two distinct black spots, and a third very faint, situate in the middle of these wings. Posterior wings having two projections at the abdominal corners, like the rudiments of tails, with four yellow spots, and two very small white ones above them. A range of red spots, some of them very small, runs along the external edges of these wings, reaching from the upper to the abdominal corners.
Under Side. Palpi yellow. Breast black, with yellow and white streaks and spots on its side and front. Fore legs very short and black, the tips being white. Anterior wings along the anterior edges of a dark yellowish grey, the tendons being black; posterior parts of these wings reddish, verged with black, and having a number of different shaped black spots on them. Posterior wings black, but along the anterior edges cream-coloured, with five distinct round black spots on each; the remaining parts of these wings being beautifully adorned with a variety of different colours running among each other. Wings dentated.
Plate XI. fig. 3, 4.
Order: Lepidoptera. Section: Diurna. Family: Nymphalidæ, Swains.
Genus. Biblis, Fabr. Latr. God.
Biblis Ariadne? Alis denticulatis, anticarum apice truncato, griseis, strigis nigris undulatis; subtus rufescenti-fuscis nigro variis, anticis apice puncto costali albo. (Expans. Alar. 2 unc. 5 lin.)
Syn. Papilio (Nymph.) Ariadne, Linn. Syst. Nat. 2. 778? Fabr. Ent. Syst. III. 1. p. 383.?
Papilio Coryta, Cramer, pl. 86. E. F.
Papilio Merione, Cramer, pl. 144. G. H.?
Biblis Ariadne, Enc. Méth. ix. 327.
Habitat: Coromandel, Java (Enc. Méth.). "Sierra Leone, Mr. Smeathman, 1776" (Drury's MSS.).
Upper Side. Antennæ black. Thorax and abdomen grey brown. Wings grey, and appearing mealy, shaded with blackish brown, particularly the anterior ones along the external edges, and next the body along the anterior margin. Posterior ones also strongly shaded along the external edges.
Under Side. Palpi rather long, and dark brown, almost black. Breast, legs, and abdomen dark brown. Wings dark reddish brown, faintly shaded with streaks and marks of a darker brown, having two small white spots at the anterior edges of the anterior wings near the tips. Wings dentated.
Drury refers this insect to the Linnæan Ariadne, which is from Java. It is therefore with doubt that I give it the preceding synonyms, especially as Lepidopterists have neglected to cite Drury's figures.
Plate XII. fig. 1, 2.
Order: Lepidoptera. Section: Diurna. Family: Nymphalidæ, Swains.
Genus. Nymphalis, Latr. Papilio (Nymph. Gemmat.), Drury.
Nymphalis Eleus. Alis utrinque testaceis, apice suprà æneo, anticarum fasciâ, posticarum punctis in simplici serie, albis. (Expans. Alar. 3 unc. 6 lin.)
Syn. Papilio (Nymph. Phal.) Eleus, Drury, App. vol. 3. Fabr. Ent. Syst. III. 1. p. 51. No. 156. Encycl. Méth. ix. 391.
Nymphalis Eleus, Donovan Natur. Repos. 4. 113.
Habitat: "Sierra Leone, Mr. Smeathman, 1774" (Drury's MSS.). "America" (Fabricius incorrectly).
Upper Side. Antennæ black, with two small white spots at the base. Thorax and abdomen black, spotted with two rows of white spots, in pairs, from the neck to the anus; those on the abdomen being the least. Half the superior wings next the tips black, with two white streaks thereon placed obliquely; the other half next the body dirty orange, the anterior edges being black. Posterior wings dirty orange, bordered along the external edges with black, whereon is a row of seven oval white spots on each wing, placed at equal distances.
Under Side. Palpi and breast orange. Fore legs orange, the rest white. Wings on this side dark orange-coloured. The white streaks near the tips of the anterior ones are very plain. Anterior edges of the posterior wings white, and the row of white spots along the external edges are here very conspicuous, each being verged with black.
Mr. Donovan has satisfactorily proved, from information derived both from Jones and Drury's MSS., that Fabricius erroneously gave America as the habitat of this insect.
Plate XII. fig. 3, 4.
Order: Lepidoptera. Section: Diurna. Family: Lycænidæ? Steph.
Genus. Erycina, Fabr. Latr. God. Papilio (Pleb. rur.), Drury.
Erycina Baucis. Alis anticis fuscis, ocello minuto apicali, fasciâ communi abbreviatâ albâ, posticis caudatis ocello auriformi externo. (Expans. Alar. 1 unc. 9 lin.)
Syn. Papilio (Pleb. rur.) Baucis, Drury, App. vol. 3.
Habitat: "Sierra Leone, Mr. Smeathman, 1775" (Drury's MSS.).
Upper Side. Antennæ, thorax, and abdomen black. Anterior wings next the body nearly black, a third next the tips greyish brown, with a circular eye thereon; the iris being black and yellow, the pupil blue. A white streak rises on these wings, which crossing the posterior edges, ends at the middle of the posterior ones in a sharp point. Posterior wings blackish brown, the upper corners being greyish brown, where is a yellow mark, not unlike a human ear, the inner part being tinged with a shining blue colour. These wings are furnished with two broad tails, which suddenly become narrow and short, the tips white, and along the edges streaked with blue.
Under Side. Palpi wanting. Feet yellow. Breast white. Anterior wings lighter coloured than on the upper side. The white streaks are very conspicuous, and near the tips is another streak of ash-colour. The eye at the tips is very discernible. Posterior wings lighter coloured on this side, being chiefly ash-colour, with a brown streak longitudinally placed, verged at the bottom with yellow and blue streaks. The ear-like mark is also very plain on this side.
Plate XIII. fig. 1, 2.
Order: Lepidoptera. Section: Diurna. Family: Heliconiidæ.
Genus. Acræa, Fabr. Latr. God. Papilio (Helicon.), Drury.
Acræa Hypatia. Alis oblongis integerrimis fulvis, punctis plurimis margineque externo nigris, posticarum eodem margine supra immaculato, subtus flavo maculato. (Expans. Alar. 2 unc. 6 lin.)
Syn. Papilio (Helic.) Hypatia, Drury, App. vol. 3. Fabr. Ent. Syst. III. 1. p. 163. No. 504. Enc. Méth. ix. p. 232. (Acræa H.)
Habitat: "Sierra Leone, Mr. Smeathman, 1776" (Drury's MSS.).
Upper Side. Antennæ black. Head yellowish. Thorax and abdomen brown; the former having two white spots near the neck, and two more at a little distance. The latter having several white spots, placed in pairs down to the anus. Wings fine flesh-coloured; anterior tipped with black, and verged with the same colour along their anterior and external edges. They are also clouded with black next the body, and have eleven distinct black spots on each, one of which next the tips is very long. Posterior wings having a broad black fringe along the external edges, and eleven distinct black spots on each, some of which are very small.
Under Side. Palpi yellow brown. Legs black and yellow. Breast black, spotted with white on its side. Wings nearly coloured as on the upper side; the anterior being not quite so brilliant, nor so strongly tipped with black. All the black spots on the outside of these wings are also seen here; but the black clouds next the body are wanting. Posterior wings next the body tinged with orange, and the black spots are much larger and more distinct and numerous than on the outside. Black fringe on the external edges, with seven white spots placed regularly, close to each other.
According to Mr. Smeathman, this butterfly and that represented in figures 3 and 4 of this plate, and indeed all the "Heliconii," are found in great numbers in those places where they breed, and are observed to bask and sport as much as possible in the sunshine, retiring towards sunset in great crowds to particular bushes. They breed chiefly in recent plantations, and near towns in general, so that, comparatively speaking, few of them are found in the ancient forests. Such however as inhabit them fly about the tops of the highest trees, seeking the honey from their flowers, and are seldom seen below.
Plate XIII. fig. 3, 4.
Order: Lepidoptera. Section: Diurna. Family: Heliconiidæ.
Genus. Acræa, Fabr. Latr. God. Papilio (Helicon.), Drury.
Acræa Menippe. Alis oblongis integerrimis, anticis suprà fuscis nigro-punctatis; ad apicem fasciâ abbreviatâ maculisque marginalibus albidis; posticis fasciâ fulvâ latâ transversâ. (Expans. Alar. 3 unc. 3 lin.)
Syn. Papilio (Helic.) Menippe, Drury, App. vol. 3. Stoll. Suppl. Cram. pl. 28. fig. 1. Herbst. tab. 81. f. 4. 5.
Papilio H. Zetes? Linn. Syst. Nat. 2. 766. No. 110.
Acræa Zethea, Enc. Méth. ix. p. 236.
Habitat: Sierra Leone, and other parts of the Western Coast of Africa.
Upper Side. Antennæ black. Thorax black, with a row of four faint white spots next the neck. Abdomen at the base black, with yellow spots on the sides, the extremity being yellowish. Anterior wings very dark brown, almost black, clouded with faint dark orange marks and dark yellow spots, particularly along the external edges. Posterior wings deep orange, clouded with black next the body, and a deep black border along the external edges, with a row of eight small red spots running along the middle of it: these wings have also seven, eight, or more black spots on them.
Under Side. Palpi yellowish. Breast black, spotted with white on its sides. Anterior wings dusky orange-brown along the external edges, whereon is a row of dark orange oval spots, a whiteish cloud next them, and several different shaped black spots on the other part of the wings. Posterior wings cream-coloured, verged along the external edges with black, whereon is a row of white spots, and above it a row of small and very faint red ones: these wings next the body have a patch of a deep black, spotted with white, and verged with faint orange, and also several black spots.
This insect has been regarded as the Zetes of Linnæus; it does not appear however to agree with the Linnæan description, in which the anterior wings are said to be "nebulosis, punctatis:" nor with the habitat "in Indiis" given of that species.
Plate XIII. fig. 5, 6.
Order: Lepidoptera. Section: Diurna. Family: Heliconiidæ.
Genus. Heliconia, Fabr. Latr. God. Papilio (Helicon.), Linn. &c.
Heliconia Gazoria. Alis oblongis integerrimis, dimidiatim flavis hyalinisque margine exteriori fusco, posticis subtus (♀) maculâ baseos aurantiacâ. (Expans. Alar. 2 unc.)
Syn. Heliconia Gazoria, Latr. & God. Enc. Méth. ix. p. 214. No. 35.
Papilio (Hel.) Euritæa, Drury, App. vol. 3. (exclus. Syn. Crameri.)
Habitat: Rio Janeiro, Brazil.
Upper Side. Antennæ black. Head black, with small white spots. Neck orange. Thorax black, with grey marks. Abdomen black at top, and grey on the sides. Wings yellowish white, verged and tipped with black, without any marks or spots on them.
Under Side. Palpi and breast grey. Legs black. Abdomen white. Anus yellowish. Wings coloured as on the upper side.
Plate XIV. fig. 1, 2.
Order: Lepidoptera. Section: Diurna. Family: Nymphalidæ, Swains.
Genus. Biblis, Fabr. Latr. God. Papilio (Nymphal. Phal.), Drury.
Biblis Hiarbas. Alis dentatis, fuscis; fasciâ utrinque communi albâ, posticarum latiore, anticarum abbreviatâ. (Expans. Alar. 2 unc. 6 lin.)
Syn. Papilio (Nymph. Ph.) Hiarbas, Drury, App. vol. 3. Donovan Ins. India, pl. 3. fig. 3. Fabr. Ent. Syst. III. 1. p. 128. No. 391.
Biblis Hiarba, Enc. Méth. ix. p. 824. 2.
Habitat: Sierra Leone (Drury). Cape of Good Hope (J. O. W.).
Upper Side. Antennæ, head, thorax, and abdomen black. Wings deep brown, almost black: a white bar rises on the anterior ones near the tips, and running parallel with the external edges crosses the posterior ones, and ends just below the abdomen, gradually widening. Posterior wings at the abdominal corners tipped with orange, and having a double row of narrow white crescents along the external edges; the anterior wings having only a single row.
Under Side. Palpi white. Breast and legs grey-brown. Abdomen yellowish. The white bar and row of crescents nearly as on the upper side, but all the brown parts are prettily spotted and variegated with red-brown spots of different shapes; the general colour of the wings being a greyish brown. Wings dentated.
Fabricius cites Drury's collection alone for this species, incorrectly giving India as its habitat. Drury had previously stated it to have been received from Sierra Leone. Donovan, relying upon the former rather than the latter, figured the insect in his "Epitome of the Insects of India."
Plate XIV. fig. 3, 4.