Plate XXIX. fig. 1.
Order: Lepidoptera. Section: Diurna. Family: Bombycidæ, Steph.
Genus. Saturnia, Schrank. Attacus, Germ. Phalæna (Attacus), Drury.
Saturnia Argus. Alis pallidè testaceo-albidis punctis ocellaribus fenestratis numerosis, caudis longissimis. (Expans. Alar. 3 unc. 5 lin.)
Syn. Bombyx Argus, Fabr. Ent. Syst. III. 1. p. 414. No. 24. Donovan Nat. Repos. 5. 173. Oliv. Enc. Méth. 5. 29. 22.
Phalæna (Bombyx) brachyura, Cramer Ins. tab. 29. f. 1. Drury, App. vol. 3.
Habitat: "Sierra Leone, Mr. Smeathman, 1775" (Drury's MSS.).
Upper Side. Antennæ almost black, and pectinated. The neck and head flesh-coloured. Thorax ash-coloured. Abdomen pale flesh-coloured. Wings dingy flesh-coloured, the anterior ones having five or six small transparent spots situated in the centre of them. The posterior ones furnished with two long tails about two inches and three-quarters long, the extremities being cream-coloured, the upper part red-brown; with five small yellowish round spots, edged with black, placed in the centre of the wings.
Under Side. Palpi brown. Tongue concealed. Legs red-brown. Breast, sides, and abdomen cream. Wings coloured as on the upper side.
I have adopted the Fabrician specific name, notwithstanding its subsequent date, that proposed by Cramer being exceedingly inapplicable. Drury states, on the authority of Mr. Smeathman, that this curious insect was found on the island of Banana. Its flight is exceedingly slow, and its tails seem rather to impede it. Mr. Donovan states that several specimens of this insect had been received from Sierra Leone (which habitat is given by Drury in the body of his work, but corrected as above in the observations communicated to him by Mr. Smeathman) and that he is not aware of the species having occurred in any other part of Africa, neither had he understood that any other collector since Mr. Smeathman had met with the species. Of the original specimens a pair belonged to Mr. Drury, which came into the hands of Mr. Donovan, who also mentions a fine specimen as existing in the Banksian Cabinet at the Linnæan Society; adding, that some few other specimens passed into different continental Cabinets, all of which, however, were those collected by Mr. Smeathman. The late Mr. Haworth, however, (the sale of whose magnificent collection by public auction lasted for ten days,) possessed four specimens of this rare moth, a pair of which were purchased by W. Swainson, Esq., and the remaining pair by myself.
Plate XXIX. fig. 2.
Order: Lepidoptera. Section: Nocturna. Family: Arctiidæ.
Genus. Callimorpha, Latr. Phalæna (Noctua), Drury.
Callimorpha Epimenis. Alis nigris, anticis maculá magná pone medium albidâ, posticis basi nigris apice fulvis margine atro. (Expans. Alar. 1 unc. 3 lin.)
Syn. Phalæna (Noctua) Epimenis, Drury, App. vol. 3.
Habitat: "Virginia, Mr. Abbot, 1774" (Drury's MSS.).
Upper Side. Antennæ black and setaceous. Eyes, head, thorax, abdomen, and anterior wings black, the latter with a large straw-coloured patch placed near the ends, and reaching across the wings from the anterior edges almost to the lower corners. Posterior wings nearly black, with a large orange-coloured patch, occupying one-third of the wings, and placed along the external edges.
Under Side. Palpi, head, legs, breast, sides, and abdomen, black. Wings coloured as on the upper side, with the addition of two small straw-coloured spots placed between the large ones and the shoulders; the colours being also rather brighter. Margins of the wings entire.
Plate XXIX. fig. 3.
Order: Lepidoptera. Section: Nocturna. Family: Lithosiidæ, Steph.
Genus. Lithosia? Fabr. Phalæna (Noctua), Drury.
Lithosia? Ino. Alis albidis, anticis punctis duobus humeralibus maculisque duabus magnis nigris (scil. ante et pone medium); thorace nigro punctato. (Expans. Alar. 1 unc. 3 lin.)
Syn. Phalæna (Noctua) Ino, Drury, App. vol. 3.
Habitat: "Madras, Mr. Skeene, 1772" (Drury's MSS.).
Upper Side. Antennæ brown and setaceous. Head cream-coloured. Neck black. Thorax and abdomen cream-coloured, the former having some black spots on it. Anterior wings cream-coloured, with a large triangular black spot placed at the tips, another on the middle of the wings, extending across from the anterior edges almost to the lower corners. There are also two small ones next the shoulders. The external edges have a row of small black spots placed thereon. Posterior wings cream-coloured, tinctured with red, with a faint black border, rising at the upper corners where it is broadest, and running half-way to the abdominal ones, gradually narrowing.
Under Side. Palpi, breast, legs, sides and abdomen cream-coloured. Wings reddish cream, without any marks; the black marks, &c. on the upper side being faintly perceived. Margins of the wings entire.
Plate XXIX. fig. 4.
Order: Lepidoptera. Section: Nocturna. Family: Arctiidæ, Steph.
Genus. Callimorpha? Latr. Phalæna (Noctua), Drury.
Callimorpha? Helcita. Alis testaecis apice nigris, fasciâ maculari albâ. (Expans. Alar. 3 unc. 5 lin.)
Syn. Papilio (Dan. Cand.) Helcita, Linn. Syst. Nat. 2. 763. 94.
Phalæna fascelis, Linn. Mus. Ulr. 390. No. 25.
Phalæna (Noctua) H., Drury, App. vol. 3.
Phalæna macularia, Fabr. Ent. Syst. III. 2. p. 140. No. 40.
Habitat: "Sierra Leone, Mr. Smeathman, 1775" (Drury's MSS.). "In Indiis" (Linn.). India (Fabr. incorrectly).
Upper Side. Antennæ black and setaceous. Head, thorax, and abdomen black, the two last having a row of white spots running along the middle, and another on each side down to the anus. Wings fine dark red. Almost half the anterior next the tips being black, with five oval white spots thereon; three of which being the largest are joined together, the other two, being small and behind, are at a little distance apart. Posterior wings with a broad black border running from the upper to the abdominal corners, whereon are placed eight oval white spots at equal distances, two, being the outermost, very small and close together.
Under Side. Palpi yellow. Tongue spiral. Legs, breast, and sides black, spotted and streaked with white. Abdomen yellow. Wings coloured and marked as on the upper side. Margins of the wings entire.
Mr. Smeathman states that this insect is found in the savannahs. It is a sluggish creature, and easily taken. A specimen of this very rare insect was sold in the collection of the late Mr. Stothard, on the 18th May, 1835; and was purchased by Thomas Norris, Esq. M.E.S. at the price of fourteen shillings.
Plate XXX. fig. 1, 2.
Order: Lepidoptera, Linn. Section: Diurna, Latr. Family: Nymphalidæ, Swains.
Genus. Nymphalis, Latr. Papilio (Nymph. Phal.), Drury. (Subgenus: Charaxes, Boisduval.)
Nymphalis (Charaxes) Pollux. Alis supra fulvis, limbo postico latè nigro, subtus ad basin ferrugineis, annulis fasciâque albis. (Expans. Alar. 3 unc. 9 lin.)
Syn. Papilio Pollux, Cram. pl. 37. fig. C. D. Herbst. Pap. t. 63. f. 3. 4.
Papilio (N.) Castor, Fabr. Gen. Ins. Mant. p. 251. Donovan Nat. Repos. 4. 116.
Papilio (Nymph. Ph.) Camulus, Drury, App. vol. 3.
Habitat: "Sierra Leone, Mr. Smeathman, 1776" (Drury's MSS.).
Upper Side. Antennae black. Thorax and abdomen red-brown. Anterior wings brown-orange, with a small round black spot near the middle, and another fainter and smaller a little beneath it. Along the anterior edges are several black marks and patches joining together; these wings are bordered with black, having along the external edges some small faint orange-brown spots. Posterior wings corresponding exactly with the anterior, and furnished with four short tails.
Under Side. Palpi yellow, bordered with white. Breast dark brown, with white streaks. Legs brown. Abdomen red-brown. The ground of the anterior wings next the body is a light chocolate, which is separated from a dusky brown border running along the external edges by a white and orange band, which, being the chief colours on this side, are continued along the posterior wings. The base is adorned with black streaks, surrounded with white, placed along the anterior edges, and others of different forms on the middle of the wings. Along the external edges, on the dusky border, is placed a row of black triangular spots, which at the lower corners are doubled. Posterior wings of the same colour as the anterior, the chocolate ground having a number of small black marks and streaks, bordered with white, in a very irregular manner. At the lower corner is placed a dark grey eye, with a black iris and a white longitudinal streak in the centre, two rows of small black spots, some being edged with white, of different forms, are also placed along the dusky border.
We learn, from the observations of Smeathman and Drury, that this is the insect noticed in the observation upon Charaxes Jason, as possessing exceedingly strong powers of flight. Vide Vol. I. Pl. 1. fig. 1.
Plate XXXI. fig. 1, 2.
Order: Lepidoptera. Section: Diurna. Family: Nymphalidæ, Swains.
Genus. Nymphalis, Latr. Papilio (Nymph. Gemmat.), Drury.
Nymphalis Varanes. Alis supra basi albis immaculatis, apice ferrugineis fulvo et fusco punctatis. (Expans. Alar. 3 unc. 9 lin.)
Syn. Papilio (N.) Varanes, Fabr. Sp. Ins. 2. p. 14. No. 55.
Papilio (Nymph. Gemm.) Varanes, Drury, App. vol. 3.
Papilio V., Cramer, pl. 160. D. E. ♂. pl. 388. A. B. ♀.
Habitat: "Sierra Leone, Mr. Smeathman, 1775" (Drury's MSS.). Caffraria (Enc. Méth.). India (Fabr. incorrectly).
Upper Side. Antennæ black. Thorax greenish. Abdomen white, spotted on the upper part with black. Basal half of the wings ash-coloured, and bordered with deep red-brown. Anterior wings having a row of six orange spots along the external edges, and two oval ones near the middle of the anterior edges; two black spots, shaped like the beards of arrows, are situated in the centre. Posterior wings angulated and furnished with two short tails, having a row of five black spots running parallel with the external edges. Wings not indented.
Under Side. Palpi, breast, and legs buff-coloured. Abdomen white. Wings next the body dark ash-coloured, but along the tips and external edges darker. A narrow line of a brown colour rises from the posterior edges of the anterior wings, and, bending towards the tips, is lost in the general colour of that part of the wings. A row of small faint black spots runs parallel with the external edges, being situated between them and the fore-mentioned dark line; the inner divisions of these and the posterior wings have a number of small black marks, like Hebrew characters, regularly dispersed on them. Posterior wings with a dark narrow line rising on the anterior edges, which crosses the wings, meeting below the abdomen. A small black eye, with a white pupil, is placed near the middle of the anterior edges, and a row of faint oval dark spots runs parallel with the external edges, ending at the abdominal corners.
This insect, like the last, flies exceedingly swift, and is observed sometimes to settle upon human excrement, a peculiar habit which is also adopted by other species of insects belonging to different orders.
Plate XXXII. fig. 1, 2.
Order: Lepidoptera. Section: Diurna. Family: Papilionidæ, Leach.
Genus. Pieris, Schrank. Papilio (Dan. Cand.), Linn. &c.
Pieris Eudoxia. Alis rotundatis, anticis diluté fulvis posticis albis; omnium limbo communi nigro maculato. (Expans. Alar. 2 unc. 3 lin.)
Syn. Papilio (Dan. Cand.), Cramer, pl. 213. fig. C. Herbst. tab. 107. f. 1. 2. Drury, App. vol. 3. Fabr. Ent. Syst. III. 1. p. 199. 620. Boisduval Hist. Nat. Lepid. 1. 510. No. 105.
Papilio (D. C.) Rhodope, Fabr. Ent. Syst. III. 1. p. 196. No. 609. Donovan Nat. Repos. 3. pl. 86.
Habitat: "Sierra Leone, Mr. Smeathman, 1775" (Drury's MSS.).
Upper Side. Antennæ black. Thorax and abdomen grey-brown. Anterior wings dark yellow, shaded along the anterior edges with dark brown; a black border occupies the tips and external edges of these wings, whereon is a row of dark yellow spots of an oblong form. Posterior wings entirely white, with a row of black spots placed along the external edges.
Under Side. Palpi grey. Breast, legs, and abdomen white. Anterior wings yellow, but next the body orange-coloured, with a row of triangular black spots placed along the external edges. Posterior wings white, but orange next the body, having a row of black round spots placed on the external edges, corresponding with the anterior wings. Margins of the wings entire.
Plate XXXII. fig. 3, 4.
Order: Lepidoptera. Section: Diurna. Family: Papilionidæ, Leach.
Genus. Pieris, Schrank. Papilio (Dan. Cand.), Linn. &c.
Pieris Chloris. Alis suboblongis, integerrimis, teneris, albis apice nigro, subtùs anticis basi calthaceâ, posticis luteo radiatâ, his limbo latè nigro. (Expans. Alar. 2 unc. 3 lin.)
Syn. Papilio (D. C.) Chloris, Fabr. Syst. Ent. 473. No. 129. Drury, App. vol. 2. Herbst. tab. 99. f. 1. 4. Latr. et God. Enc. Méth. ix. p. 160. Boisduval Hist. Nat. Lepid. 1. 516.
Papilio Thermopylæ, Cramer, pl. 207. fig. F. G.
Habitat: "Sierra Leone, Mr. Smeathman, 1774" (Drury's MSS.).
Upper Side. Antennæ black. Eyes dark brown. Thorax and abdomen dark grey. Anterior wings entirely white, with a black patch at the tips, the anterior edges being also black. Posterior wings also white, with a black border running along the external edges from the upper to the abdominal corners.
Under Side. Palpi grey. Legs, breast, abdomen, and anterior wings white; the latter black at their tips, as on the upper side, but next the body tinged with red. Posterior wings yellow, but one-half next the external edges is black; and on the upper part, next the body, having a streak of fine red. Margins of the wings entire.
Plate XXXII. fig. 5, 6.
Order: Lepidoptera. Section: Diurna. Family: Papilionidæ, Leach.
Genus. Pieris, Schrank. Papilio (Dan. Cand.), Linn. &c.
Pieris Hypatia. Alis rotundatis integerrimis, suprà nigris, fasciâ albâ communi sinuatâ, subtus anticis maculâ apicali albidâ, posticis basi fulvo radiatis. (Expans. Alar. 2 unc. 3 lin.)
Syn. Pap. (Dan. Cand.) Hypatia, Drury, App. vol. 3.
Papilio Epaphia, Cramer, pl. 207. fig. D. E.
Pieris Higinia, Latr. et God. Enc. Méth. ix. p. 135. No. 45.
Pieris Saba, Fabr. Ent. Syst. III. 1. p. 201. 627. Latr. God. loc. cit. No. 46.
Pieris Malatha, Boisd. Faun. Madagascar, pl. 1. f. 4, 5.
Pieris Orbona, Boisd. loc. cit. pl. 1. f. 3.
Habitat: "Sierra Leone, Mr. Smeathman, 1775" (Drury's MSS.).
Upper Side. Antennæ black. Thorax and abdomen black. Anterior wings sooty black, having a white indented bar rising at the middle of the anterior edges, which crosses them, and ends on the middle of the posterior ones; at the tips are two small white spots. Posterior wings white and black, the upper half being white and the lower one black.
Under Side. Palpi, legs, breast, and abdomen white. Anterior wings tinged with yellow next the body, the white bar being the same on this side as on the upper; the black colour on this side partaking more of a brown, and at the tips having a white patch instead of the two spots seen on the upper side. Posterior wings marked as on the upper side. Margins of the wings entire.
Plate XXXIII. fig. 1, 4.
Order: Lepidoptera, Linn. Section: Diurna, Latr. Family: Nymphalidæ, Swains.
Genus. Nymphalis, Latr. Papilio (Nymph. Phal.), Drury. (Subgenus: Charaxes, Boisduval.)
Nymphalis (Charaxes) Eudoxus. Alis supra fasciâ mediâ maculisque marginalibus fulvis, subtùs ad basin ferrugineis annulis argenteis; posticis tantùm fasciâ albâ. (Expans. Alar. 3 unc. 3 lin.)
Syn. Papilio (Equ. Ach.) Eudoxus, Drury, App. vol. 3.
Papilio (N.) Eudoxus, Fabr. Ent. Syst. III. 1. p. 65. No. 203. Enc. Méth. ix. p. 352. No. 6.
Habitat: Sierra Leone.
Upper Side. Antennæ black. Eyes, head, thorax, and abdomen red-brown. Anterior wings dark chocolate, red-brown at the base; a row of brown orange-coloured spots is placed on the external edges of these wings, those next the tips being smallest; a brown-orange bar also rises on the anterior edges near the tips, and crossing these and the posterior wings meets at the extremity of the abdomen, increasing in width as it approaches the abdominal corners. Posterior wings likewise dark chocolate, but next the body red-brown. Each of them is furnished with two tails, and has an indented line of brown-orange running along the external edges, from the upper to the abdominal corners.
Under Side. Palpi and breast orange. Feet ash colour. Sides and abdomen red-brown. One half of the superior wings next the body is chocolate, but next the external edges brown-orange, with a large black streak at the lower corners, and three others of different shapes in the middle of the wings; the chocolate division is adorned with a number of black streaks and marks, margined with fine silver white. Posterior wings chocolate, with an indented line of brown-orange placed along the external edges, verged at top with black; these wings are marked with a number of silvery white lines and streaks, placed against each other in different directions. Two small white spots, joined together, are placed on a black-ground at the abdominal corners.
Plate XXXIII. fig. 2, 3.
Order: Lepidoptera. Section: Diurna. Family: Hesperiidæ, Steph.
Genus. Hesperia, Fabr. Latr. God. Papilio (Pleb. Urb.), Linn. Drury, &c.
Hesperia Helops. Alis anticis fuscis maculis hyalinis (tribus minutis) subapicalibus; posticis suprà flavis, fasciâ submarginali atrâ arcuatâ, subtùs fuscis disco albo. (Expans. Alar. 2 unc. 2 lin.)
Syn. Papilio (Pleb. Urb.) Helops, Drury, App. vol. 3.
Hesperia (U.) Ennius, Fabr. Ent. Syst. III. 1. p. 337. No. 283. Enc. Méth. ix. 749. No. 54. Donovan Ins. Ind. II. pl. 3. fig. 1.
Habitat: Brazil, "Rio Janeiro, Mr. Bonifas, 1775" (Drury's MSS.). "In Indiis" (Fabr.). India (Donovan).
Upper Side. Antennæ black. Head, thorax, and abdomen greenish brown. Anterior wings very dark brown, but next the body lighter, and having four diaphanous spots of different shapes on each wing; and also two yellow triangular ones, situated at the middle of the posterior edges. Posterior wings nearly black, with a large yellow patch on the middle of the wings, and two other yellow spots at the abdominal corners.
Under Side. Palpi ash-coloured. Legs yellow-brown. Breast and abdomen brown. Anterior wings dark brown, the lower parts along the posterior edges being lighter coloured; the diaphanous spots conspicuous, and the tips prettily tinged with red-brown. Posterior wings dark brown, the middle being occupied by a large silver white patch; the edges next the abdominal corners yellow, the other parts of the wings marked by paler and different coloured tints. Margins of the wings entire.
Plate XXXIV. fig. 1.
Order: Lepidoptera. Section: Nocturna. Family: Bombycidæ, Steph.
Genus. Saturnia, Schrank. Attacus, Germ. Phalæna (Attacus), Drury.
Saturnia Lucina. Alis albido-griseis fusco multi-rivulosis, strigis undulatis submarginalibus, anticis maculis nonnullis mediis ocelloque parvo apicali nigris. (Expans. Alar. 6 unc. 9 lin.)
Syn. Phalæna (Attacus) Lucina, Drury, App. vol. 3. Oliv. Enc. Méth. 5. 31. 27.
Habitat: "Sierra Leone, Mr. Smeathman, 1775" (Drury's MSS.).
Upper Side. Antennæ yellow and pectinated. Thorax and abdomen brown. Wings russet-brown and cream-colour, disposed in a great variety of different shaped marks. Anterior wings next the body with a number of angulated lines following each other in a regular succession; the middle being composed of another succession of undulated lines crossing the wings from the anterior to the posterior edges: a black oval spot is placed at the tips, and a row of different sized oval marks runs along the external edges. Posterior wings next the body dark brown, the middle and bottom having a series of undulated lines crossing them in regular succession from the anterior to the abdominal edges, while a row of light and dark oval marks is placed along the external edges.
Under Side. Palpi brown. Legs cream-coloured. Breast, sides, and abdomen brown. Tongue not observed. Wings differing but slightly from the upper side; the general manner of marking being still preserved here. On the upper part of the posterior wings, next the body, is a triangular cream spot, the inner space being brown. Margins of the wings entire.
Plate XXXIV. fig. 2, 3.
Order: Lepidoptera. Section: Diurna. Family: Lycænidæ, Steph.
Genus. Thecla, Fabr. (Syst. Gloss.) Polyommatus, Latr. God. Hesperia p. Fabr. (olim.) Papilio (Pleb. rur.), Drury.
Thecla Orcas. Alis suprà virescenti-cœruleis, limbo maculisque nonnullis subcostalibus anticarum nigris; subtùs ferrugineo-fuscis maculis numerosis argenteis. (Expans. Alar. 1 unc. 6 lin.)
Syn. Papilio (Pleb. Rur.) Orcas, Drury, App. vol. 3. Enc. Méth. ix. 645. 102. (Polyomm. O.)
Habitat: Sierra Leone.
Upper Side. Antennæ brown and thickest at their extremities, where they are white. Head black, but between the eyes white. Thorax and abdomen dark blue, almost black. Wings golden blue, bordered and fringed with black; the anterior having along the anterior edges three small black marks, besides the border. Posterior wings furnished with four tails, and having two singular red spots placed at the abdominal corners.
Under Side. Palpi and legs white. Sides, breast, and abdomen red and white. Wings fine red-brown, almost as deep as chocolate, adorned with a variety of different shaped silver spots; the anterior having eight, placed all over the wings, and the posterior eleven; the latter having an orange mark at the abdominal corners. Margins of the anterior wings entire, but of the posterior slightly dentated.
Plate XXXV. fig. 1.
Order: Lepidoptera. Section: Diurna. Family: Papilionidæ, Leach.
Genus. Papilio, Auct. Papilio (Eq. Ach.), Drury, Fabr.
Papilio Thyastes. Alis caudatis nigris, fasciâ maculisque flavis, angulo ani sanguineo, posticis subtus lineâ sanguineâ. (Expans. Alar. 4 unc.)
Syn. Papilio (Eq. Ach.) Thyastes, Drury, App. vol. 3. Fabr. Ent. Syst. III. 1. p. 26. No. 77. Enc. Méth. ix. p. 54. Boisduv. Hist. Nat. Lepid. 1. p. 349. 191.
Habitat: Brazil, "Rio Janeiro, Mr. Bonifas, 1776" (Drury's MSS.).
Upper Side. Antennæ black. Head, thorax, abdomen, and wings black-brown; the anterior wings having the middle occupied by a triangular yellow space, continued to the middle of the posterior ones; four yellow spots are placed at the tips, and several others along the anterior edges. Posterior wings furnished with two black tails, edged and tipped with yellow, and having four yellow marks situated along the external edges; they have also three blue crescents at the roots of the tails, and above them a square yellow spot on the abdominal edges, and three small red ones placed above it.
Under Side. Palpi not observed. Legs black. Breast and abdomen yellow. Wings paler brown than on the upper side, marked in the same manner as above, the yellow colour being here of a paler and greener hue. The posterior wings having the same marks here as above, with the addition of a row of short straight red lines placed along the external edges, but at a little distance from them.
Plate XXXV. fig. 2, 3.
Order: Lepidoptera. Section: Diurna. Family: Nymphalidæ, Swains.
Genus. Hipparchia, Fabr. Satyrus, Latr. God. Papilio (Helic. Parn.), Drury.
Hipparchia Nereis. Alis fuscis subhyalinis, vittâ communi albâ; posticis ad apicem fulvis, ocellis duobus atris. (Expans. Alar. 3 unc.)
Syn. Papilio (Hel. Parn.) Nereis, Drury, App. vol. 3. Herbst. Pap. tab. 84. f. 1. 2. Stoll Suppl. Cramer, pl. 26. f. 3. Fabr. Ent. Syst. III. 1. 184. Enc. Méth. ix. p. 483. (Satyrus N.)
Habitat: Brazil, "Rio Janeiro, Mr. Bonifas, 1776" (Drury's MSS.).
Upper Side. Antennæ black. Head, thorax, and abdomen grey-brown. Anterior wings grey-brown, thin, and slightly diaphanous, with a small light-coloured bar running from the anterior edge near the tips to the posterior. Posterior wings having one-third next the body grey-brown, divided by a line drawn across the wings from the anterior to the abdominal edges; next to this is an angulated white patch, the rest of these wings being orange-coloured, with two black eyes, having white centres, placed one at the upper, the other at the abdominal corners, the former having a small white spot joining to its upper part. The edges of these wings are bordered with dark brown.
Under Side. Palpi, legs, breast, and abdomen cream-coloured. Anterior wings next the tips tinged with red-brown; the remainder of the wings being of the same colour as on the upper side. Posterior wings next the body pale clay, which occupies half the wings; below which is a white bar, the remainder of the wings being dark orange: the two black eyes are very small on this side, and the white spot above them not so distinct. These wings are larger than is generally observed among insects of this tribe, and are dentated, the anterior ones being entire.
Plate XXXV. fig. 4.
Order: Lepidoptera. Section: Diurna. Family: Papilionidæ, Leach.
Genus. Papilio, Auct. Papilio (Eq. Achiv.), Drury, Fabr.
Papilio Asius. Alis nigris fasciâ communi flavescenti-albâ; posticis caudatis, his subtus basi anguloque ani chermesino maculatis. (Expans. Alar. 3 unc.)
Syn. Papilio (Eq. Troj.) Asius. Fabr. Spec. Ins. 2. p. 5. No. 17. Ent. Syst. III. 1. p. 8. No. 21. Enc. Méth. ix. p. 55. No. 84. Boisduv. Hist. Nat. Lepid. 1. p. 309. 146.
Papilio (Eq. Tr.) Astyagas, Drury, App. vol. 3.
Papilio Manlius, Perty Del. An. Art. Braz. Ins. pl. 29. f. 1.
Habitat: Brazil, "Rio Janeiro, Mr. Bonifas, 1776" (Drury's MSS.).
Upper Side. Antennæ, thorax, and abdomen black. Wings raven-black, having a pale yellow bar rising at the anterior edges near the tips of the superior wings, and crossing these and the inferior ones, meeting even with the abdomen, becoming wider gradually. Posterior wings furnished with two tails, and along the external edges having four small yellow crescents, and another at the abdominal corners; above which are two long square red spots, and another yellow crescent on the abdominal edges.
Under Side. Palpi, legs, and breast black. Abdomen black, with a white longitudinal stripe on each side. Wings marked nearly as on the upper side; the posterior having several red spots and streaks more than on the upper side, and placed next the body from the shoulders to the abdominal corners.
Plate XXXVI. fig. 1, 2.
Order: Lepidoptera. Section: Diurna. Family: Nymphalidæ, Swains.
Genus. Nymphalis, Latr. Papilio (Nymph. Gemmat.), Drury.
Nymphalis Afer. Alis supra violaceo-cœruleis margine externo nigro, anticis utrinque strigâ apicali punctorum alborum, posticis fusco nebulosis. (Expans. Alar. 2 unc. 1½ lin.)
Syn. Papilio (Nymph. Phal.) Afer, Drury, App. vol. 3. Stoll Suppl. Cramer, pl. 27. fig. 3.
Papilio (N.) Æthiopa, Fabr. Ent. Syst. III. 1. p. 136. No. 420. Enc. Méth. ix. p. 385. No. 119. (Nymph. Æth.)
Habitat: "Sierra Leone, Mr. Smeathman, 1776" (Drury's MSS.).
Upper Side. Antennæ black. Thorax and abdomen blueish black. Wings, when viewed in a particular direction, fine shining light blue; but in any other are blueish brown. The anterior ones with six small white spots placed near the tips, the four uppermost being the smallest, and placed in a zigzag direction, parallel with the external edges, and with a few faint shadows. Posterior wings having, like the superior, only some faint shadows.
Under Side. Palpi, legs, and breast clay-coloured. Abdomen brown. Wings having a variety of soft brown tints, of a light grey and dark brown colour, gradually softening into each other in a most agreeable manner. The six white spots in the superior wings are observable on this side; but there are no other marks either in the anterior or posterior wings sufficient to be regarded as characters. Margins of all the wings slightly dentated; the inferior ones being angulated.
We learn from Mr. Smeathman that this butterfly is found in the gloomy paths of the forests on the continent of Africa.
Plate XXXVI. fig. 3, 4.
Order: Lepidoptera. Section: Diurna. Family: Nymphalidæ, Swains.
Genus. Nymphalis, Latr. Papilio (Nymph. Gemmat.) Drury.
Nymphalis Alphæa. Alis lutescentibus strigis undulatis communibus fuscis, puncto dilutiori anticarum subapicali, subtùs brunneis fasciis nigricantibus. (Expans. Alar. 2 unc. 3 lin.)
Syn. Papilio (Nymph.) Alphæa, Drury, App. vol. 3.
Habitat: "Sierra Leone, Mr. Smeathman, 1776" (Drury's MSS.).
Upper Side. Antennæ, head, thorax, and abdomen dark brown. Wings clay-coloured, with only a light spot on the anterior ones near the tips, and a number of small faint waved lines crossing the wings from the anterior to the posterior and abdominal edges.
Under Side. Palpi long, grey brown. Breast and abdomen the same. Wings rather darker than on the upper side, being of a reddish brown. The two spots on the anterior wings are more conspicuous on this side than the other; and the waved lines here become bars in the posterior wings of a darker colour than the general ground, having two conspicuous ones, the lowest being the broadest. Margins of the wings slightly dentated.
Plate XXXVI. fig. 5, 6.