No sound is uttered,—but a deep[333]
And solemn harmony pervades
The hollow vale from steep to steep,
And penetrates the glades.
25
Far-distant images draw nigh,
Called forth by wondrous potency
Of beamy radiance, that imbues
Whate'er it strikes, with gem-like hues!
In vision exquisitely clear,
30
Herds range[334] along the mountain side;
And glistening antlers are descried;[DE]
And gilded flocks appear.
Thine is the tranquil hour, purpureal Eve!
But long as god-like wish, or hope divine,
35
Informs my spirit, ne'er can I believe
That this magnificence is wholly thine!
—From worlds not quickened[335] by the sun[DF]
A portion of the gift is won;
An intermingling of Heaven's pomp is spread
40
On ground which British shepherds tread!

III

And, if there be whom broken ties[336]
Afflict, or injuries assail,
Yon hazy ridges to their eyes
Present a glorious scale,[DG]
45
Climbing suffused with sunny air,
To stop—no record hath told where!
And tempting Fancy to ascend,
And with immortal Spirits blend![337]
—Wings at my shoulders[338] seem to play;[DH]
50
But, rooted here, I stand and gaze
On those bright steps that heaven-ward raise[339]
Their practicable way.
Come forth, ye drooping[340] old men, look abroad,
And see to what fair countries ye are bound!
55
And if some traveller, weary of his road,
Hath slept since noontide on the grassy ground,
Ye Genii! to his covert speed;[341]
And wake him with such gentle heed[342]
As may attune his soul to meet the dower
60
Bestowed on this transcendent hour!

IV

Such hues from their celestial Urn
Were wont to stream before mine eye,[343]
Where'er it[344] wandered in the morn
Of blissful infancy.[DI]
65
This glimpse of glory, why renewed?
Nay, rather speak with[345] gratitude;
For, if a vestige of those gleams
Survived, 'twas only in my dreams.
Dread Power! whom peace and calmness serve
70
No less than Nature's threatening voice,[346]
If aught unworthy be my choice,
From Thee if I would swerve;
Oh, let thy grace remind me of the light
Full early lost, and fruitlessly deplored;
75
Which, at this moment, on my waking sight
Appears to shine, by miracle restored;
My soul, though yet confined to earth,
Rejoices in a second birth!
—'Tis past, the visionary splendour fades;
80
And night approaches with her shades.

VARIANTS:

[328] 1820.

ms.
And solemnize .    .    .

[329] 1820.

.    .    . rang
Of harp and voice while angels sang
ms.
Amid the umbrageous grove,

[330] 1832.

ms. and 1820.
Or, ranged like stars along some sovereign height,

[331] 1820.

.    .    . both.—Ye sons of Light
If such communion were repeated now
ms.
Nor harp nor seraph's voice could move

[332] 1820.

ms.
.    .    . holier .    .    .

[333] 1820.

ms.
What though no sound be heard—a deep

[334] 1820.

ms.
Herds graze .    .    .

[335] 1820.

ms.
From worlds unquicken'd .    .    .

[336] 1820.

ms.
And if they wish for smooth escape, etc.

[337] 1820.

Yon hazy ridges take the shape
Of stars, a glorious scale
{Climbing }
{That climb} suffused with sunny air
To stop, no record hath told where,
Tempting my fancy to ascend
ms.
And with immortal spirits blend.
And if they wish for smooth escape
From grief and this terrestrial vale,
Yon rocks and clouds present the shape
Of stairs, a gradual scale
By which the fancy might ascend,
And with those happy spirits blend,
Whose motions .    .    .
ms.
By night the dreaming Patriarch saw.
And if those whom broken ties
Afflict, or injuries assail,
Yon hazy ridges to their eyes
Present a {climbing} scale,
{glorious}
Suffused in misty sunny air.
It climbs no records have told where.
It {sailed} on ether's glowing waves,
{stole }
And occupied heaven's shining caves,
Tempting the fancy to ascend
ms.
And with immortal spirits blend.>

[338] 1837.

1820.
—Wings at my shoulder .    .    .

[339] 1820.

ms.
.    .    . upward raise

[340] 1820.

ms.
Come from your Doors, ye .    .    .

[341] 1820.

ms.
.    .    . couch repair

[342] 1820.

ms.
.    .    . care

[343] 1837.

1820.
.    .    . my eye,

[344] 1820.

Whence but from some celestial urn
  {spread before}
ms.
These colours—{wont to meet } my eye
Where'er I .    .    .

[345] 1820.

ms.
.    .    . in .    .    .

[346] 1820.

Dread Power! whom clouds and darkness serve,
ms.
The thunder, or the still small voice,

FOOTNOTES:

[DD] The title, in the first edition of 1820, was "Ode, composed upon an evening of extraordinary splendor and beauty." In the four-volume edition of that year it was "Evening Ode, composed upon an evening of extraordinary Splendor and Beauty." In a MS. copy I have found the following, "Composed during a sunset of transcendent Beauty, in the summer of 1817."—Ed.

[DE] There used to be fallow deer in the park at Rydal Hall. Compare The Triad (where the local allusions all refer to the Rydal district)—

Pass onward (even the glancing deer
Till we depart intrude not here;)

and The Excursion, book ix. l. 563 (vol. v. p. 373).—Ed.

[DF] Compare Gray's Progress of Poesy, ll. 119, 120—

Such forms, as glitter in the Muse's ray,
Ed.
With orient hues, unborrow'd of the Sun.

[DG] The multiplication of mountain-ridges, described at the commencement of the third Stanza of this Ode, as a kind of Jacob's Ladder, leading to Heaven, is produced either by watery vapours, or sunny haze;—in the present instance by the latter cause. Allusions to the Ode, entitled Intimations of Immortality, pervade the last Stanza of the foregoing Poem.—W. W. 1820.

The "hazy ridges" referred to in the text are probably those to the west, behind Silver How.—Ed.

[DH] In the lines "Wings at my shoulders seem to play," etc., I am under obligation to the exquisite picture by Mr. Alstone, now in America. It is pleasant to make this public acknowledgment to men of genius, whom I have the honour to rank among my friends.—W. W. 1820.

The phrase "men of genius" includes Haydon. The first part of this note of 1820, being one on Peter Bell, referring to Haydon's Bible picture of Christ's Entry into Jerusalem. (See note to Peter Bell, l. 979.)

The American painter was Mr. Washington Allston. Wordsworth sent him a MS. copy of the poem, transcribed "in gratitude for the pleasure he had received from the sight of Mr. Allston's pictures, in particular 'Jacob's Dream,'" and at the end of the MS. of his poem, Wordsworth wrote, "The Author does not know how far he was indebted to Mr. Allston for part of the 3rd stanza. The multiplication of ridges in a mountainous country, as Mr. A. has probably observed, arises from two causes, sunny or watery vapour—the former is here meant. When does Mr. A. return to England?" In a letter on "Wordsworth and Allston," in The Athenæum, Mr. J. Dykes Campbell refers to "something in the picture having given definite form to observations of natural phenomena the significance of which the poet had not immediately noted." "Wordsworth," he adds, "was a close and untiring rather than a quick or keen observer, and his mind was at all times stored with a wealth of notes which sometimes had to wait long before they could either be worked out or worked in. Sometimes—as in this instance, perhaps—they were revivified by the suggestions of some kindred observer who happened to anticipate the poet in giving them form."—See The Athenæum, August 7, 1894.—Ed.

[DI] Compare the reference in the Ode, Intimations of Immortality, ll. 178, 179, to—

Though nothing can bring back the hour
Ed.
Of splendour in the grass, of glory in the flower.


1819

With the exception of The Haunted Tree, and the lines entitled September 1819, all the poems composed during the year 1819 were sonnets. Four of the latter were published along with Peter Bell, in the first edition of that poem; and other twelve, along with The Waggoner, which was first published in the same year. One of the twelve refers to the Old Hall of Donnerdale, and belongs to the series of Sonnets on the River Duddon, where it will be found (No. XXVII.) It was first published, along with those referring to Rydal, in the volume of 1819, and probably detached from the rest of the series, because originally it had no particular reference to the Old Hall in the Duddon Valley; but was (as Wordsworth indicates in the third of the Fenwick notes to the Duddon) "taken from a tradition belonging to Rydal Hall, which once stood, as is believed, upon a rocky and woody hill on the right hand as you go from Rydal to Ambleside, and was deserted from the superstitious fear here described, and the present site fortunately chosen instead."—Ed.


THIS, AND THE TWO FOLLOWING, WERE SUGGESTED[347] BY MR. W. WESTALL'S VIEWS OF THE CAVES,[DJ] ETC., IN YORKSHIRE

This, and the two following sonnets, were first published in Blackwood's Magazine, vol. iv., January 1819, p. 471. They were reprinted in The Poetical Album, edited by Alaric Watts, in 1829 (Second Series, vol. i. pp. 332, 333) under the title, "The Caves of Yorkshire." The same volume of the Album contains (p. 43) the sonnet beginning—

Not Love, not War, nor the tumultuous swell.

In the 1819 edition of Peter Bell, p. 84, a note, prefatory to the four following sonnets, occurs to this effect: "The following Sonnets having lately appeared in Periodical Publications are here reprinted."—Ed.

Composed 1819.—Published 1819

One of the "Miscellaneous Sonnets."—Ed.

Pure element of waters! wheresoe'er
Thou dost forsake thy subterranean haunts,
Green herbs, bright flowers, and berry-bearing plants,
Rise[348] into life and in thy train appear:
5
And, through the sunny portion of the year,
Swift insects shine, thy hovering pursuivants:
And, if thy bounty fail, the forest pants;
And hart and hind and hunter with his spear,
Languish and droop together. Nor unfelt
10
In man's perturbèd soul thy sway benign;
And, haply, far within the marble belt
Of central earth, where tortured Spirits pine
For grace and goodness lost, thy murmurs melt
Their anguish,—and they blend sweet songs with thine.[DK]

VARIANTS:

[347] 1820.

1819.
Sonnets, suggested .    .    .

[348] 1820.

Blackwood's Magazine, January 1819.
Start .    .    .

FOOTNOTES:

[DJ] Wordsworth visited these caves with Edward Quillinan in 1821.—Ed.

[DK] Waters (as Mr. Westall informs us in the letterpress prefixed to his admirable views) are invariably found to flow through these caverns.—W. W. 1819.


MALHAM COVE

Composed 1819.—Published 1819

One of the "Miscellaneous Sonnets."—Ed.

Was the aim frustrated by force or guile,
When giants scooped from out the rocky ground,
Tier under tier, this semicirque profound?
(Giants—the same who built in Erin's isle
5
That Causeway with incomparable toil!)—
O, had this vast theatric structure wound[349][DL]
With finished sweep into a perfect round,
No mightier work had gained the plausive smile
Of all-beholding Phœbus! But, alas,
10
Vain earth! false world! Foundations must be laid
In Heaven; for, 'mid the wreck of IS and WAS,
Things incomplete and purposes betrayed
Make sadder transits o'er thought's optic glass[350]
Than noblest objects utterly decayed.[DM]

Malham Cove is a noble amphitheatre of perpendicular limestone rock, lying in regular strata, the height being 300 feet in the centre. The Aire issues from the rock at the base of the cliff, a considerable stream. Possibly Westall's picture of Malham Cove suggested to Wordsworth the Giant's Causeway in Ireland, and its legend. They have the same columnar appearance; although the former is limestone, and the latter basalt.—Ed.


VARIANTS:

[349] 1820.

Oh! had the Crescent stretched its horns, and wound
Blackwood's Magazine, January 1819.

[350] 1837.

1819.
.    .    . o'er truth's mystic glass,

FOOTNOTES:

[DL] Compare the Fenwick note to The Excursion.—Ed.

[DM] Compare the Fenwick note to The Excursion.—Ed.


GORDALE

Composed 1819.—Published 1819

One of the "Miscellaneous Sonnets."—Ed.

At early dawn, or rather when the air[351]
Glimmers with fading light, and shadowy Eve
Is busiest to confer and to bereave;
Then, pensive Votary! let thy feet repair[352]
5
To Gordale-chasm, terrific as the lair
Where the young lions couch; for so,[353] by leave
Of the propitious hour, thou may'st perceive
The local Deity, with oozy hair
9
And mineral crown, beside his jagged urn,
Recumbent: Him thou may'st behold, who hides
His lineaments by day,[354] yet[355] there presides,
Teaching the docile waters how to turn,
Or (if need be) impediment to spurn,
And force their passage to[356] the salt-sea tides!

There are many legendary stories connected with the Yorkshire caves, particularly in the Giggleswick district; but I have been unable to trace any legend about the "local Deity" of Gordale. There is nothing in the letterpress of Westall's views, or in the "addenda" to West's Guide to the Lakes in Cumberland, about these legends. The chasm is a very remarkable cleft in the limestone rock, near Malham. Gray's description of Gordale, in his Journal (1796), may be referred to.—Ed.


VARIANTS:

[351] 1819.

.    .    . or when the warmer air,
Blackwood's Magazine, January 1819.

[352] 1819.

At either moment let thy feet repair
Blackwood's Magazine, January 1819.

[353] 1819.

.    .    . for then .    .    .
Blackwood's Magazine, January 1819.

[354] 1819.

.    .    . from day, .    .    .
Blackwood's Magazine, January 1819.

[355] 1827.

1819.
.    .    . and .    .    .

[356] 1819.

.    .    . toward .    .    .
Blackwood's Magazine, January 1819.


COMPOSED DURING A STORM[357]

Composed 1819.—Published 1819

[Written in Rydal Woods, by the side of a torrent.—I. F.]

One of the "Miscellaneous Sonnets."—Ed.

One who was suffering tumult in his soul
Yet failed to seek the sure relief of prayer,
Went forth—his course surrendering to the care
Of the fierce wind, while mid-day lightnings prowl
5
Insidiously, untimely thunders growl;
While trees, dim-seen, in frenzied numbers, tear
The lingering remnant of their yellow hair,
And shivering wolves, surprised with darkness, howl
As if the sun were not. He raised his eye
10
Soul-smitten; for, that instant, did appear[358]
Large space ('mid dreadful clouds) of purest sky,
An azure disc[359]—shield of Tranquillity;
Invisible, unlooked-for, minister
Of providential goodness ever nigh!

VARIANTS:

[357] 1827.

Composed during one of the most awful of
. 1819.
the late storms, February 1819
1820.
Composed during a severe storm.

[358] 1827.

As if the sun were not;—he lifted high
1819.
His head—and in a moment did appear

[359] 1840.

1819.
.    .    . orb .    .    .

"AERIAL ROCK—WHOSE SOLITARY BROW"

Composed 1819.—Published 1819

[A projecting point of Loughrigg, nearly in front of Rydal Mount. Thence looking at it, you are struck with the boldness of its aspect; but walking under it, you admire the beauty of its details. It is vulgarly called Holme-scar, probably from the insulated pasture by the waterside below it.—I. F.]

One of the "Miscellaneous Sonnets."—Ed.

Aerial Rock—whose solitary brow
From this low threshold daily meets my sight;
When I step[360] forth to hail the morning light;
Or quit the stars with a lingering farewell—how[361]
5
Shall Fancy pay to thee a grateful vow?
How, with the Muse's aid, her love attest?
—By planting on thy naked head the crest[362]
Of an imperial Castle, which the plough
Of ruin shall not touch. Innocent scheme!
10
That doth presume no more than to supply
A grace the sinuous vale and roaring stream
Want, through neglect of hoar Antiquity.
Rise, then, ye votive Towers! and catch a gleam
Of golden sunset, ere it fade and die.

Compare the sonnet No. XXVII. of the Duddon Series, beginning "Fallen, and diffused into a shapeless heap," as it was evidently written with reference to the old (traditional) Hall of Rydal. If an

.    .    . embattled House, whose massy Keep
Flung from yon cliff a shadow large and cold,

stood in "the sinuous vale" of Rydal, there was no "neglect of hoar Antiquity."—Ed.


VARIANTS:

[360] 1827.

1819.
.    .    . look .    .    .

[361] 1837.

1819.
.    .    . with lingering farewell—how

[362] 1827.

Shall I discharge to thee a grateful vow?—
By planting on thy head (in verse, at least,
1819.
As I have often done in thought) the crest

THE WILD DUCK'S NEST

Composed 1819.—Published 1819

[I observed this beautiful nest on the largest island of Rydal Water.—I. F.]

One of the "Miscellaneous Sonnets."—Ed.

The imperial[363] Consort of the Fairy-king
Owns not a sylvan bower; or gorgeous cell[364]
With emerald floored, and with purpureal shell
Ceilinged and roofed; that is so fair a thing[365]
5
As this low structure, for the tasks of Spring,
Prepared by one who loves the buoyant swell
Of the brisk waves, yet here consents to dwell;
And spreads[366] in steadfast peace her brooding wing.
Words cannot paint the o'ershadowing yew-tree bough,
10
And dimly-gleaming Nest,—a hollow crown
Of golden leaves inlaid with silver down,
Fine as the mother's softest plumes allow:[367]
I gazed—and, self-accused while gazing, sighed
For human-kind, weak slaves of cumbrous pride![368]

VARIANTS: