Pa-ti-kí, Manila.

Luzon (Zelebor, Worcester, McGregor). Indian Peninsula, Burmese countries, Greater Sunda Islands, China, Celebes.

“Adult male in summer.—Forehead, crown, and nape hair-brown, the former darkest; remainder of head, whole neck, and lower plumage white; a broad collar round the neck black in front, glossy green behind; white of breast produced round the neck and forming another collar below the black one; back, scapulars, rump, tertiaries, and wing-coverts deep glossy green; secondaries glossy green, broadly tipped with white; primaries dark brown on the basal halves, then white with the tip black; under wing-coverts greenish black; upper tail-coverts white freckled with brown; under tail-coverts dark brown mottled with white; sides of the body vermiculated with brown. ‘Bill black; iris bright red; legs, toes, and webs black, sides of tarsus and toes dusky yellow; claws horny brown.’ (Oates.) Length, 330; wing, 165; tail, 76; culmen, 23; tarsus, 25.

“Female.—Forehead and a supercilium dirty white; crown and nape dark brown; lores and line through eyes blackish; remainder of head, the whole neck, and upper breast dull white, mottled with brown, the marks on breast and hind neck becoming well-defined wavy lines; lower plumage dull white, streaked and distinctly barred with brown; whole upper surface, wings, and tail brown; secondaries tipped with white and inner primaries also more narrowly tipped with white; upper tail-coverts white, freckled with brown; under wing-coverts brown, each feather margined with white. ‘Bill brown above, yellowish below; iris brown; legs and toes greenish yellow.’ (Oates.) Size a trifle less than the male.

“Male in winter.—Similar to the female, but always retains the conspicuous white patch on the primaries.

“Young.—‘Similar to the female till the first spring.’ (Oates.)

“Young in down.—Upper parts, flanks, and under tail-coverts blackish brown; a broad superciliary stripe, cheeks, throat, front neck, and breast white; a broad line through the eyes; two broad white spots on each side of back, one near the base of wings, and the other, much longer, on the sides of the rump; feathers of tail blackish, very long, and stiff.” (Salvadori.)

A male collected near Anao, Tarlac Province, Luzon, March 14, 1904, measured, 290 in length; wing, 165; tail, 68; culmen from frontal feathers, 21; tarsus, 27; middle toe with claw, 42. A female from the same locality and of the same date measured: Length, 290; wing, 165; tail, 66; culmen from frontal feathers, 22; tarsus, 23; middle toe with claw, 39.

“The eggs of the Indian dwarf goose, or ‘cotton teal,’ are generally truly elliptical in form, occasionally compressed at the smaller end, very smooth and glossy, and cream-color. They measure from 39 to 44 in length and from 30 to 35 in breadth.” (Oates.)

This little bird is the only species of goose so far recorded from the Islands; it occurs on the Laguna de Bay and a few specimens were secured in Tarlac Province, Luzon. Oates lists three eggs of this species as having been collected in Siquijor by the Steere Expedition but Steere does not mention the species. A large goose has been reported as occurring in the northern part of Luzon but no specimen has been taken.

Ba-li′-uis, Luzon; ná-ga, Ticao; ga-kit′, Bohol.

Bantanyan (McGregor); Basilan (Steere Exp., McGregor); Bohol (Everett, McGregor); Camiguin N. (McGregor); Catanduanes (Whitehead); Cebu (Everett); Guimaras (Steere Exp.); Leyte (Everett); Luzon (Cuming, Worcester, McGregor); Masbate (Bourns & Worcester); Mindanao (Everett, Bourns & Worcester); Mindoro (Bourns & Worcester, McGregor); Negros (Clarke MS.)19; Panay (Bourns & Worcester); Samar (Jagor, Steere Exp., Whitehead); Sibuyan (McGregor); Siquijor (Steere Exp., Bourns & Worcester, Celestino); Ticao (McGregor). Indo-Malayan Islands, Moluccas, Celebes, New Guinea, Australia, Oceania.

“Adult male and female.—Upper part of head and a line down back of neck brown-black; sides of head and neck pale fulvous; throat almost white; back and scapulars black, with the edges bright rufous-chestnut, on upper back the black part of the feathers with rufous spots or bars; rump black; median upper tail-coverts black, lateral ones buffy white, more or less spotted with black; breast pale rufous, each feather with black dots or crescent-like spots in the middle, and shading into the bright rufous-chestnut of abdomen; lower abdomen and under tail-coverts whitish buff, the latter uniform, but the abdomen with brown spots; feathers of flanks with broad mesial buffy white streaks, edged with black; lesser and median wing-coverts bright chestnut, the greater ones, quills, and tail black. Iris brown; bill blackish or dark ashy; tarsi and feet dark ashy. Length, about 432; wing, 216; tail, 71; culmen, 43; tarsus, 47.” (Salvadori.)

A male from Sevilla, Bohol, March 22, 1906, measures: Length, 424; wing, 188; tail, 56; exposed culmen, 41; tarsus, 45; middle toe with claw, 71.

A female of the same locality and date measures: Length, 424; wing, 175; tail, 58; exposed culmen, 42; tarsus, 46; middle toe with claw, 66.

A young bird from Taguig, Laguna de Bay, January 12, 1902, (length of skin 305 mm.) has upper parts covered with dark gray down and lower parts covered with white down; on crown, scapulars, breast, sides, and flanks the feathers of the adult dress are more or less developed.

“The eggs of the wandering tree duck in the collection are almost elliptical in shape, one end being very slightly compressed. They are cream-colored and have a fair amount of gloss. Four specimens measure respectively: 52 by 38; 48.2 by 35.5; 47.4 by 38; 48.2 by 36.3.” (Oates.)

“Common in favorable localities throughout the islands. Frequently met with in very large flocks. Found breeding in the Island of Siquijor in the month of February.” (Bourns and Worcester MS.)

This tree duck is usually found in large flocks on lakes and fresh-water marsh-land. When flushed the flock circles about and generally the birds can be killed without the precautions which are usually necessary in duck-shooting. A hard-shelled egg was taken from a bird killed on the Laguna de Bay in January. Oates records two eggs collected by Moseley in May.

Basilan (McGregor); Mindanao (Platen). Celebes, Moluccas, New Guinea, Tenimber Islands.

“Adult male and female.—Upper part of head dark brown; a black line along hind neck; back and wings dusky brown; feathers of back, scapulars, and wing-coverts edged with pale brown; lores brown; superciliary stripe, sides of head, and upper part of neck grayish, with dusky cross-lines, giving a mottled appearance; chin and throat uniform whitish; lower part of neck dusky with white spots; rump brown; upper tail-coverts black, basal ones broadly barred with white; upper breast rufous-brown, each feather with a white spot at the tip; lower breast and abdomen whitish, with faint dusky lines across; feathers of flanks with large, white, round spots, the longer feathers are almost barred with black; under tail-coverts whitish, with black bars; quills brown; tail almost black. ‘Bill black; tarsi and feet ashy, more or less tinged with reddish; iris brown or chestnut.’ (D’Albertis.) Length, about 432; wing, 215; tail, 74; culmen, 41; tarsus, 41.

“‘Young.—Feathers of the flanks paler and with the white spots elongated and lanceolated.’ (Schlegel.)” (Salvadori.)

A male from Basilan, December 26, 1906, measures: Length, 444; wing, 216; tail, 67; exposed culmen, 45; tarsus, 45; middle toe with claw, 71.

Of the earlier collectors Platen was the only one to secure this tree duck in the Philippines; more recently it has been taken in Basilan but it appears to be a rare species.

Du-ma-ras′, Manila; da-mu-l′og, Ticao.

Catanduanes (Whitehead); Guimaras (Steere Exp.); Lubang (McGregor); Luzon (Cuming, Jagor, Heriot, Whitehead, McGregor, Worcester); Marinduque (Steere Exp.); Masbate (Bourns and Worcester); Mindanao (Mearns); Mindoro (McGregor); Panay (Bourns & Worcester); Samar (Whitehead); Siquijor (Steere Exp.); Ticao (McGregor).

“Adult male and female.—General plumage brownish gray, almost uniform, without any dark markings in the center of the feathers; upper part of head and upper part of nape blackish brown; superciliary stripe, sides of head, throat, and sides of upper part of neck rufous; a blackish brown band runs across the eyes from lores to occiput; back dark gray, changing into brown on rump and upper tail-coverts; wing-speculum glossy green, bounded anteriorly by a velvety black band at the tip of greater wing-coverts and by a narrower white one at the tip of the last row of median upper wing-coverts; posteriorly the speculum is bounded by a velvety black, subapical band, and by a narrow, apical, white band; under wing-coverts and axillars white; under parts brownish gray, deepening into brown on under tail-coverts; tail brown; colors of the bill and feet not recorded, but apparently dark olive. Length, about 500; wing, 250; tail, 114; culmen, 51; tarsus, 43.

“Young.—Similar to the adults, only much paler on the head and throat, which are scarcely tinged with rufous; the speculum less bright, and with some purple reflections.” (Salvadori.)

Iris brown; bill dark blackish blue, its nail black; legs and claws dark brown. A male from Luzon measures: Length, 635; wing, 262; tail, 114; exposed culmen, 51; bill from nostril, 40; tarsus, 43; middle toe with claw, 63.

The Philippine mallard does not often occur in large numbers; usually, however, it may be found in pairs in tide creeks, small ponds, or other suitable localities.

“We found this fine mallard to be rare in all the localities visited by us with the single exception of the region about the town of Milagros, on the west coast of the Island of Masbate. In the last-mentioned district it was very abundant, occurring in great flocks.” (Bourns and Worcester MS.)

“Extraordinarily abundant on the Abulug River in northern Luzon in March, 1906. Flocks of twenty-five to two hundred were constantly met with on the lower river.” (Worcester.)

Calayan (McGregor). Eastern Siberia, Mongolia, China, Japan, Kurile Islands.

“Adult male.—Upper part of head and a broad stripe from lores through eyes to some distance behind them dark brown; superciliary stripe, sides of head, and throat whitish; from gape toward eyes a slightly indicated dusky band, formed by dusky streaks; upper parts brown, back and scapulars paler, with edges of feathers pale grayish; rump and upper tail-feathers uniform dark brown; lower part of fore neck and upper breast dull whitish buff, with centers of the feathers dusky; lower breast and abdomen almost uniform brown, deepening into black-brown on under tail-coverts; wings brown; speculum glossy blue, more or less with a green luster, bordered anteriorly and posteriorly by two velvety black bands; tips of the secondaries narrowly edged with white; tertials brown, with only the apical part of outer web white; tail brown, the edges of the feathers whitish. ‘Bill black, with the apical portion, except the tip of the nail, yellow, no red spots at base; feet light bright red, the web slightly dusky; iris yellowish brown.’ (Holst.) Length, about 580; wing, 295; tail, 117; culmen, 56; tarsus, 44.

“Female.—Smaller and paler, the feathers of the breast for a greater extension than in the male having broader whitish edges.

“Young.—Paler even than the female, with smaller dusky spots on the under parts; edges of upper wing-coverts pale; a broad subapical white band across the greater wing-coverts, and the outer web of tertials for the most part white.” (Salvadori.)

On December 7, 1903, a dozen birds of this species were observed in Calayan. A female, the only specimen killed, measured 560 in length; wing, 267; tail, 99; exposed culmen, 53; bill from nostril, 42; tarsus, 44; middle toe with claw, 37. Bill jet-black with a broad tip of bright yellow; most of the nail black; iris tan-brown; legs and feet light salmon; nails black; webs dusky.

Basilan (McGregor); Calayan (McGregor); Luzon (Worcester); Mindanao (Celestino). Palaearctic Region from Iceland to Kamtschatka, in winter to Madeira, Abyssinia, Persia, northern India, Burma, China, Japan, Borneo; occurs as a straggler in the Marshall Islands and North America.

“Adult male.—Forehead and top of head buff, rest of the head and neck cinnamon, minutely spotted, especially round the eyes, with bottle-green; chin and throat more or less black; mantle, back, and scapulars gray, crossed with irregular zigzag lines of black; central tail-feathers paler, almost whitish; lateral tail-feathers like the under tail-coverts, black; lower fore neck and sides of breast vinaceous; middle of breast and abdomen white; sides, flanks, and under wing-coverts gray, with zigzag lines like the back; wing-coverts white, the largest tipped with black; primaries uniform dark brown; outer webs of secondaries green, forming a speculum, edged with black; black outer webs of secondaries broadly edged with white; tail-feathers elongated, pointed, and nearly black. Iris dark brown; bill bluish lead-color, tipped with black; legs, toes, and their membranes dark brown. Length, 457; wing, 267; tail, 117; culmen, 39; tarsus, 39.

“Female.—Head and neck pale reddish brown, speckled with blackish; upper parts brown, each feather with pale whitish edges; edges of scapulars reddish brown; breast and sides reddish brown; under surface white; under tail-coverts white, with irregular brown bars or spots; primaries dark brown, secondaries dull black, slightly tipped with white; wing-coverts like back, but the larger ones tipped with white; tail dull grayish brown. Iris brown; bill bluish black.

“Young male.—Resembles more or less the female.” (Salvadori.)

A male taken in Calayan in November measures: Length, 840; wing, 260; tail, 104; exposed culmen, 37. A specimen from Basilan is in very poor plumage.

Calayan (McGregor); Luzon (Whitehead); Mindoro (? Platen). Palaearctic Region, wintering in northern Africa, in Arabia, Persia, India, Ceylon, Burmah, China and Japan; accidental in Greenland and eastern United States.

“Adult male.—Head and upper neck chestnut; a glossy green patch on each side of the head from the eyes backward to upper nape; a narrow buffy line from the gape upward along the base of the upper mandible and from thence to the eye, bordering above and below the anterior part of the green patch; chin black; hind neck, back, and scapulars with narrow gray and black wavy lines; outer scapulars buff, broadly edged with black on the outer web; upper tail-coverts black, edged with buffish brown; on the middle of the neck a collar of whitish and black cross-lines; breast and abdomen white, the former with round subapical black spots; sides and flanks waved with narrow black lines; central under tail-coverts velvet-black, the lateral ones of a buff-color, with a band of black at the base; upper wing-coverts lead-gray, the greater row whitish buff, darker toward the inner ones; wing-speculum on the secondaries velvety black, with a white apical band on the outer half, glossy green on the inner half; first tertial velvet-black on the outer web; primaries and tail-feathers grayish brown, the later with pale edges; under wing-coverts gray, edged with white, the central ones and the axillars wholly white. Bill nearly black; iris hazel; legs, toes, and membranes brownish gray. Length, 368; wing, 184; tail, 76; culmen, 40; tarsus, 28.

“Female.—General color of the upper parts dark brown, each feather with reddish brown edges; upper part of the head darker than the sides, which are whitish, thickly speckled with black; a black line behind the eyes; chin and throat whitish; the feathers of the back and scapulars with two, narrow, transverse, bars of buffy brown; under parts whitish, with a reddish tinge on the breast, each feather, except those of the belly, with obscure dark centers; wing as in the male but somewhat duller.

“Young in first plumage closely resembles the female, but the wing-coverts have pale edgings, and the dark centers of the feathers appear also on the belly.

“Males in molting plumage resemble the adult females.

“‘Nestling yellowish white on under parts, buff on forehead and throat; a dark brown streak from the forehead to crown, which with the upper parts is brown; a dark loral streak, and two other streaks from behind eye to nape on each side.’ (Yarrell.)” (Salvadori.)

Luzon (Steere Exp., Bourns & Worcester, McGregor). Northern Hemisphere, breeding in the northern parts; south in winter to northern Africa, India, Ceylon, China, and Japan and in America to Panama and Cuba.

“Adult male.—Head and upper neck plain hair-brown, darker on crown, and faintly glossed on sides of occiput with purple; upper half of hind neck black, with a white stripe on each side, confluent with the white of lower neck and breast; lower hind neck grayish brown; back, sides, and flanks waved with gray and dusky; upper tail-coverts black, the median broadly edged with gray; longer scapulars velvety black, edged with whitish; wing-coverts uniform brownish gray, the last row broadly tipped with cinnamon, producing a distinct bar; primaries brownish gray, darker toward the tip; speculum varying from dull metallic green to bronzy purple, tipped with white, and crossed by a subterminal bar of velvety black; inner quill of the speculum velvety black with a white band along the inner part of outer web; tertials gray, marked with a velvety black median stripe; abdomen whitish, dusted with gray, lower flanks with a buff tinge; under tail-coverts black, the outer ones white on the outer web; central tail-feathers long, acuminate, and black, remainder of tail-feathers dusky gray, edged with whitish. Bill blackish, with the sides dull lead-blue; feet grayish black; iris dark brown. Length, from 610 to 760; wing, 280; middle tail-feathers, 184 to 240; culmen, 47 to 55; tarsus, 39 to 47.

“‘Adult female.—Above grayish dusky, varied with irregular bars of yellowish white or pale ochraceous; head and neck whitish buff, each feather, except on throat, streaked with blackish; lower parts dingy white, flanks, abdomen, and under tail-coverts streaked with dusky; wing brown, smaller wing-coverts tipped with whitish; greater wing-coverts and secondaries tipped with white, forming two white bars across the wing, but the space between them dull brown, mottled with black, without any metallic gloss of any kind.’ (Seebohm.) Tail brown with oblique buffish spots or bars. Length, 533 to 597; wing, 244 to 256; middle tail-feathers, 114 to 127; culmen, 46 to 53; tarsus, 42.

“‘Young in first plumage closely resembles adult females, but young males may always be distinguished by having an alar speculum.

“‘Males in first nuptial plumage have pale margins to the wing-coverts, and most of the feathers of the rump are broadly barred, instead of finely vermiculated, with white.

“‘Adult males in molting plumage may be distinguished from adult females by having an alar speculum, and being richer and darker in color.

“‘Young in down have the same pale spots on the upper parts as those of the mallard, but the white on the throat and belly is slightly suffused with gray instead of buff, and in addition to the dark lines passing through the eye, a second dark line passes from the lores below the eye to the nape.’ (Seebohm.)

“According to some ornithologists, European specimens differ very appreciably from North American in having a narrower speculum, but I have failed to find that there is any appreciable difference.” (Salvadori.)

“Found in very large flocks on Manila Bay during January and February but wild and difficult to kill.” (Worcester.)

Calayan (McGregor); Luzon (McGregor). Northern Europe and northern Asia, wintering in northeastern Africa, Indian Peninsula, China, and Malay Archipelago.

“Adult male.—Upper part of head and occiput brown-black; from above eyes, on each side of head, a whitish band, extending to the sides of occiput; sides of head and upper part of neck chocolate-brown, streaked with white; chin black; back, rump, and upper tail-coverts blackish, each feather edged with grayish olive; scapulars elongated and pointed, black, with a central stripe of white; breast with brown and black crescentic bands, producing a scaly-like appearance; lower breast white; abdomen, sides, and flanks white, waved with narrow blue lines; longer feathers of the flanks bounded by a subapical white band, and a bluish gray band at the tip; sides of the rump and under tail-coverts whitish, with black spots; upper wing-coverts and outer scapulars bluish gray; wing-speculum on the secondaries glossy green, bounded anteriorly by a white band formed by the greater wing-coverts, and posteriorly by another white band at the tip of the secondaries; primaries and tail-feathers brown, the latter edged with whitish; under wing-coverts dark gray, the central ones, like the axillars, white. Bill black, iris hazel; legs, toes, and their membranes grayish brown. Length, about 406; wing, 197; tail, 70; culmen, 41; tarsus, 30.

“Female.—Upper parts dark brown, each feather with a pale margin; broad superciliary stripe whitish; a dusky band behind eyes; sides of head and neck whitish, streaked with black; chin and throat white; feathers of the lower fore neck blackish, with whitish edges; breast and abdomen white; sides, vent, and under tail-coverts white, with brown-black spots; wings grayish brown; a dull metallic green speculum, bounded anteriorly and posteriorly by two white bands; under wing-coverts brown, margined with white, the greater ones pure gray, the central ones, like the axillars, white. Size smaller than that of the male.

“Young in first plumage resemble the females, but are darker and more suffused with rufous on the breast.

“‘Adult males in molting plumage closely resemble adult females, but are darker in color, and may be distinguished by the brighter alar speculum.’ (Seebohm.)

“‘Downy nestling resembles that of the mallard, but it is smaller, and has a broad unbroken buff streak above the eye, and a well-defined dark streak through the eye.’ (Yarrell.)” (Salvadori.)

In immature plumage this species is likely to be confounded with Nettion crecca and must be determined with care. The adult males of the two species are very different.

Calayan (McGregor); Mindoro (McGregor); Luzon (McGregor, Worcester). North America, Europe, and western Asia; wintering in Africa, Arabia, Persia, Indian Peninsula, southern China, Hawaii, West Indies, and Central America to Colombia.

“Adult male.—Head and upper part of neck dark glossy green; lower neck, breast, and anterior scapulars white; middle of back dark brown, the feathers with pale edges; ramp and upper tail-coverts black glossed with green; lower breast and abdomen rich chestnut; flanks, vent, and thighs paler, freckled with brown; under tail-coverts black, glossed with green; a white patch on the lower flanks at the base of the tail; upper wing-coverts and the outer web of two of the longer scapulars pale blue; remainder of the scapulars black, all with a broad silky white stripe along the middle; last row of wing-coverts tipped with white, forming a band, which borders anteriorly the glossy green wing-speculum; tip of the secondaries and the primaries brown; under wing-coverts and axillars white; tail mostly white, freckled with brown-gray, central feathers brown, edged with white. Iris yellow; bill lead-color; feet reddish orange. Length, about 508; wing, 260; tail, 95; culmen, 70; tarsus, 35.

“Female.—Upper parts brown, each feather with a broad reddish margin; throat reddish immaculate; feathers of back and scapulars with reddish bars, more or less crescentic; under parts reddish buff, each feather brown in the central part, especially those of breast and flanks; under tail-coverts lighter; wings resemble those of the male, except that the blue on the wing-coverts is very dull and the speculum not so glossy; tail-feathers whitish, with brown marks. Beak olive-brown, base of the maxilla and the entire mandible orange; iris hazel-brown; feet dull orange.

“Male in first plumage resembles the female, but the wings are brighter colored. Bill pale reddish brown; legs and feet flesh-color.

“Males in their first nuptial plumage have the white of the breast with a few dark crescentic bands, the lower belly with dark bars, and the rich black of the under tail-coverts mottled with chestnut and white.

“Adult male in molting plumage may be distinguished from the adult female by the greater brilliancy of the blue and metallic green on the wing, the plain dark upper tail-coverts, and the general darker color of the entire plumage; the crown is dark brown.

“Young in down resemble those of the wigeon in having the upper parts almost uniform, with indistinct pale spots, but they possess the dark brown stripe through the eye as in the young mallard. The bill is not widened at the tip, but it grows very rapidly.” (Salvadori.)

This duck may be recognized in any plumage by the shape of its bill.

Luzon (Parsons). Northern parts of Europe, Asia, and North America; wintering on the Mediterranean, Black, and Caspian Seas and in India, China, Japan, and Central America.

“Adult male.—Head, neck, upper part of breast and back black; sides of the head and upper neck glossed with green; rest of back and scapulars white, narrowly barred with black; rump, upper and under tail-coverts black; lower breast, abdomen, and sides white; vent somewhat grayish; sides with black barrings; upper wing-coverts blackish, finely vermiculated with white; secondaries white, forming the speculum, which is bounded below by a blackish band, in some specimens more or less freckled with white; tertials blackish with a green gloss, the largest ones more or less finely dusted with whitish; primaries grayish brown, from the fourth quill with a whitish area on inner web, tips black; marginal under wing-coverts grayish brown dusted with white, the remainder, as well as axillars, white; tail blackish. Bill and legs light lead-gray, webs and nail of bill blackish; iris yellow. Length, about 457; wing, 235; tail, 74; culmen, 46; tarsus, 35.

“Female.—Fore part of head and chin white; rest of head, neck, and breast brown; upper parts dark brown, back and scapulars slightly vermiculated with white, under parts white below the breast; flanks brown, more or less vermiculated with white; vent and under tail-coverts dark brown, slightly vermiculated with white; wings duller and browner than in the male, the upper wing-coverts much less vermiculated with white. Bill and legs darker than in the male. Size somewhat less.

“Young male has the white at base of bill like the adult female, but it is of a darker and richer color.

“Male in first nuptial dress has less green metallic gloss on head and neck; the black breast-feathers have white margins; the black under tail-coverts are more or less vermiculated; in the vermiculations of the lower mantle, scapulars, and wing-coverts the dark brown predominates over the white.

“Males in molting plumage closely resemble adult females.

“Young in down.—‘Crown, nape, and upper parts uniform dark olive-brown; throat, sides of head, and fore part of neck yellowish white; a dull grayish band crosses lower neck, rest of under parts dull yellowish, flanks grayish yellow; upper mandible blackish, tooth of beak yellowish; under mandible yellow.’ (Dresser.)” (Salvadori.)

Dú-lum-pá-pa, Calayan.

Basilan (Steere Exp.); Calayan (McGregor); Luzon (Heriot, Worcester, McGregor); Palawan (White). Northern Asia; northern Europe; in winter to Greater Sunda, Marianne, and Pelew Islands; Mediterranean Sea; Abyssinia; northern Indian Peninsula; southern China.

“Adult male.—Head, neck, upper parts, and breast black; occipital feathers considerably elongated, forming a crest or tuft; sides of head with a purple gloss; a white spot on the chin; back and scapulars with obscure traces of pale vermiculations; lower breast, belly, sides, and flanks white; vent and under tail-coverts black; wings black; speculum on the secondaries white, with a black band at the tip; under wing-coverts, except the marginal ones which are dusky, and axillars white, primaries brown-gray, with the tips and the outer webs more or less blackish; tail black. Bill pale blue, with the nail black; iris brilliant golden yellow; legs and toes dark blue, the webs black. Length, about 432; wing, 203; tail, 63; culmen, 44; tarsus, 28.

“Female.—Crest smaller than in the male; upper parts and upper breast brown; under parts dull white or pale ashy brown, and less clearly defined from the brown upper breast; flanks brown; speculum as in the male; inner secondaries glossed with green.

“Young in first plumage.—Closely resemble adult females, but paler brown, especially on chin and throat; no metallic green gloss on the innermost secondaries; many white feathers at base of bill.

“Males in first nuptial dress have white margins to the black feathers of the breast, a shorter crest, no green or purple gloss on the head, and a small white spot on the chin.

“‘Males in molting plumage are intermediate in color between males in first plumage and males in first nuptial plumage.

“‘Young in down are dark brown, shading into nearly white on the belly.’ (Seebohm.)” (Salvadori.)

The tufted duck visits the Philippine Islands during the winter months and at times may be found in large numbers; from Laguna de Bay, many live ducks are brought to the Manila markets, the present species ranking next in numbers to the common Dendrocygna arcuata.