American, Mi̍na-haska (haska nasal); i.e., Long Knife.
Arm, istó.
Arrow, uahi̍tpe (ua nasal).
Beard, putä-hin (n French; hin nasal).
Bird, sitká (s soft).
Black, sáhpa.
Blind, ischtá-chon-gä (ch guttural; on French; g in the roof of the mouth; chonga nasal and without emphasis).
Blood, uä̍h.
Blue (also green), tóh.
Bone, huh-huh.
Bow, itáh-sipa (itah with emphasis; si very short; pa without emphasis).
Brave (adj), uadi̍take (uadi with emphasis; e ½ or a little more; take lower and without emphasis).
Brook, uathpanne (e short).
Brother, tschi̍-ä (emphasis on the first syllable).
Child, okschiókapa.
Cold, sni̍h.
Dance (v), uatschi̍.
Day, hanposka (an French).
Deaf, nóchät-pá.
Die (dead), táh.
Door, thiópa (i and o somewhat separated).
Dumb (v), ihéschni (ni short).
Dream (v), uihamana (ui together; hamana short and rapid).
Drink (v), uatkan (an French).
Ear, nónchä (on French; emphasis on non; ch guttural; low and short).
Earth, manká (an French).
Enemy, tohk-ha.
Englishman, Sakedaschi (e short; i barely audible).
Evening, chta-ié-tu (chta guttural; ie together; tu short).
Eye, ischtá; one-eyed, pschtat-pä̍.
Father, atä̍; i.e., my father.
Feather, uï̍-iak-ha (ha guttural; iakha low and short).
Fight (n), ketschehsap (first e short).
Fire, pä̍hta.
Fish, rochan (very guttural; an French).
Flesh, tadó.
Fog, pó (o full).
Forest, tchán (an French).
Frenchman, Uaschi̍djo (jo French and very short).
Friend (comrade), koͣdá (great friend); or ketschi̍uah (friend).
Go (v), máhni (ni short).
God (the creator), uakán-tanka (an French nasal); i.e., great spirit.[246]
Good, uaschtä̍ (ua almost like wa; run together).
Great, hánska (an French).
Green, tóh (o rather full).
Gun, mansak-han (an French; the whole run together).
Hair, pihi̍.
Hand, napä.
Head, páh.
Healthy, uaschtä̍; or uaiá-saschni (last word short and low); i.e., not sick.
Heart, tschåtä̍.
Heat, didi̍tach (ach German guttural).
Horns (antlers; and horns of all animals in general), hä; the name of the animal is added.
House (lodge), tihpi.
Hunger, wóta-wacheda (all syllables of second word even).
Hunt (v), uïheni (e short; the whole indistinct, short, nasal, and run together).
I, miä̍.
Ice, tschága (g in the roof of the mouth).
Island, uï̍hta (u and i separated; ta short).
Jar (pot), tschä̍ga (g guttural; ga short).
Knife, mi̍hna (na short).
Laugh (v), icháh (ch guttural).
Lead (metal), mansassuh (an French).
Leg, húh.
Lightning, uakán-hädi̍(an French; hadi short).
Live (life?), uanickt.
Lodge or tent (of leather), wakä̍a.
Man, uïtscha.[247]
Meal(to eat?), wóhta (ta short).
Moccasin, hánpa (French).
Moon, hahépi-uïh (first word rather nasal).
Morning, hi̍h-hanna (emphasis on hih; hanna low and short).
Mother, inan (an French).
Mountain, chä (ch guttural).
Mouth, ih.
Much, ö̍hta (o full; ta short).
Negro, uaschi̍tschu-sáhpa (run together).
Night, hanhöp (an French).
Nose, póhchä (ch guttural; a short).
Pipe (tobacco), schandúh-hupa (hupa short and low, without emphasis).
Powder, tschachedi̍ (ch guttural).
Quick, kohán (an French).
Red, duhta.
Revenge (v), itoh-kidjuh (emphasis on first word; j French; second word lower).
River, uathpá; the Missouri, Uathpá-mnischoschá; i.e., the river with muddy water.
Sick, uaiasa (short).
Small, tihstina.
Smoke (n), schóhta (o full; ta short).
Snow, uáh.
Speak (v), jáh (i and a separated).
Spirits (distilled), meni̍h-uakán (an French); i.e. divine, or medicine water.
Star, tscháchpi (ach guttural).
Stingy, ocha̍n-schitscha (ochan with emphasis; second word without emphasis; the whole short and run together).
Stone, ihia (emphasis on i; nasal).
Strong, waschahke (e ½; ke short).
Sun, uï̍h.
Sweet, skúia (sk with the point of the tongue).
Teeth, i̍h.
Thunder, uaki̍n-a (n French, nasal; a short).
Tobacco, tschandi̍h (an French).
Tomahawk, onspä̍-tschanupa (final word without emphasis and lower).
Toothache, ih-asan (asan French).
Trader, wópäton-uïtschásta (o full; on French; last word short).
Trail, tschankuh.
Ugly, schi̍dja (ja French).
Village, otón-a (on French; a short; the whole nasal).
War, suiá (s soft).
Warmth, päti̍schka.
Wash (v), waiújaja (jaja French, without emphasis, and low; iu German).
Water, meni̍h.
Weep (v), tschä̍a (final a short).
White, skáh.
Widow, juá-sitscha (j and u separated).
Wind, tatä̍h.
Winter, uani̍ete (u and a separated; e very short in both cases).
Woman, uïïa (ui nasal).
Wood, tschan (an French).
Yellow, si̍h (softly pronounced).
Yes, ha̍n (French nasal).
One, wántscha (an French).
Two, nómpa (om French).
Three, jámen (men German and low).
Four, tópa (o full).
Five, sáhptan (s very soft; an French).
Six, scháhkpe (pe short; e ½).
Seven, schakoï (o and i separated).
Eight, schákedoch (German).
Nine, nahptschi̍-uanká (uan nasal; n French; last word without emphasis, nasal, and low; the whole run together and short).
Ten, uïktschémna (u and i separated; na short).
Twenty, numm.
Twenty-one, uïktschemna-nom-sommuaji (the whole run together and short; ji French).
Thirty, jamen.
Forty, toop; or toom.
Fifty, sáhpta.
Sixty, scháhkpe.
Seventy, schakoï.
Eighty, schakedoch.
Ninety, nahptschiuanká.
Hundred, opánuachä (an French; u and a separated; ch guttural; the whole run together and short; uacha nasal).
Thousand, iktó-panuachä (an French; the whole run together and short).
I eat, uauáhta (u and a separated).
You eat, uayáta (German).
He eats, uóhtä (u and o like w; o full; ta short).
We eat, o̍ntape (in pronouncing tape the voice falls; pe distinctly pronounced).
They eat, uóhtapä (o full).
I shall eat, uauáhtäkta (u and a separated; takta low and without emphasis).
I have eaten, uauáhta.
I had eaten, hähan-uauáhta (an French).
I would eat, hähan-uauáhta-net-schetscha (last word short and rapid).
Eat (imperative), uóhta-io (together; o full).
Eating, uóh-tä-sa (sa short).
Antelope, tatóhka; or tatókana (na rather inaudible).
Bear, (black), uachánk-sitscha (emphasis on chank; sitscha low).
Bear (grizzly), mantó (an French).
Beaver, tscháhpa (pa short).
Bighorn, kihská.
Buffalo (bull), tatánka; cow, ptäh; calf, ptäh-sidja (j French); the general word is that for cow.
Dog, schónka (on French).
Elk, upán (pan nasal; an French); this is the general word.
Elk (stag), acháhka (ch guttural).
Horse, schónka-uakán (on and an French): erratum says read i̍hia.
Otter, ptán (an French).
Skunk, mankáh (an French, very short, and barely audible; kah loud and with emphasis).
Turkey (wild), sisitscha-kanka (s soft; kan in the throat).
Wolf, schuk-tóketscha-tanka.
Wolf (prairie), mi̍htschak-si̍h.
[245] Gallatin writes "Dahcota;" but I think that it is more correct to write Dacóta. He divides the Sioux into a northern and a southern group; and includes in the latter division eight tribes, the Quappas, or Arkansas at the mouth of the Arkansa river, the Osages, the Kansas, the Ayowäs (Jowas), the Missouris, Otos, Omáhas, and Puncas, since they speak dialects of the Dacóta language (Gallatin, ibid., p. 127).—Maximilian.
[246] Not wakatunka, as Vail says. This name is composed of two words; and, therefore, is not to be written as one. The first word, uakan, less correctly wakan, is the expression for god, divine, supernatural; the second, tanka, not tunka, means great. Vail and others also very often write uakan, incorrectly wah-kon. The Dacóta words which I give here are written from the pronunciation of the half-breed interpreter, Ortubize.—Maximilian.
Comment by Ed. This reference is to Eugene A. Vail, Notice sur les Indiens de l'Amerique du Nord (Paris, 1840).
[247] Mr. Gallatin (ibid., p. 195) thinks that the word uitschá is an abbreviation of uitschasta. I cannot decide the question with certainty. The singular number, man, was always given to me as uitscha; uitschasta seems to me to be the plural, or a general term, as for instance, in the word uitschasta-iuta, man eater.—Maximilian.