INDEX

All names of travellers are indexed, but only those towns concerning which some distinctive detail has been given.

• Aarssen, F. van; 395.
• Abdy, Sir T.; 393.
• "Acta Sanctorum" quoted; 179.
• Allen, Cardinal; as protector of English at Rome, 111.
• Alps; see Mountaineering.
• Ambassadors; see under Embassies, Busbecq, Chaworth, Chiericati, Contarini, Fanshawe, Foix, Glover, Guicciardini, Lionello, Lippomano, Muscorno, Myszkowski, Navagero, Pindar, Sherley, Willes, Wotton.
• Amsterdam; 117, 281, 329.
• Antwerp; 122, 252, 291.
• Aragona, Luigi d' (cardinal); travelling expenses, 317;
• itinerary, 396.
• Art; an "Ephesus" statue of Diana, 149;
• art-student abroad, his difficulties and advantages, 150-1, 376-7;
• Turkish arts and crafts, 191.
• Aschhausen, J. G. von (bishop of Würzburg); travelling expenses, 317.
• Ashley, John; 393.
• Aubigné, Agrippa d'; his "Les Tragiques" quoted, 349.
• Audebert, Nicolas; 140, 145;
• his MS., 394.
• Augsburg; 119, 141, 152, 291, 350.
• Average Tourist (see Education, and Tutors, and, for examples, Aarssen, Audebert, Bertie, Browne, Coligny, Davison, Hoby, Lauder, Raleigh, Rohan, Roos, Sobieski, Wotton);
• the special type of the age, 25;
• and its development, 26, 319;
• psychology of, 29, 30, 32, 378-9;
• instructions to, 37-9, 48, 57-8, 95;
• and Protestantism, 53-6;
• objective, 95, 100-1, 114, 118, 130, 132;
• what he would have to spend, 314-8;
• subsidized by Queen Elizabeth, 319.
• Awliyáí Efendi; quoted, 249, 284.
• Babeau, A.; his "Voyageurs en France" quoted, 270, 284.
• Bacon, Francis; quoted, 3, 148, 319.
• Barbaro, Giosaffate; 29.
• Barberini, Rafael; 383.
• Bargrave, R; 393.
• Bassompierre, François, Maréchal de; 108.
• Bathing-resorts; of western Europe, 3, 267-9;
• Turkish, 196;
• the Jordan, 235.
• Battista, Giovanni (pilgrims' guide at Jerusalem); 230, 239.
• Beasts of prey; risk from, 355.
• Beatis, Antonio de; 396;
• quoted, 162, 299, 381, 385.
• Bergamo; 114.
• Bernini, the artist; 98.
• Bertie, Robert and Henry; 396.
• Bisoni, Bernardo; 396.
• Blount, Sir Henry, philosopher-errant; his aims, 8;
• quoted, 33, 182, 187, 202-3, 213, 358, 360.
• Bodley, Josias; 51, 400.
• Bologna University; 103, 310-1, 394.
• Boorde, Andrew; his "Introduction of Knowledge" as marking the beginning of the period here dealt with, 26;
• quoted, 27, 50, 154, 173, 247, 348.
• Bosio, Antonio; his re-discovery of the Catacombs at this time, 108.
• Bouchet, Jean (Rabelais' "Xenomanes"); 56.
• Boyle, Robert; 185.
• Brereton, Sir William; in Holland, 83, 116, 140, 397.
• Breuning, von Buchenbach, H. J.; 397.
• Bridges; 82, 288-90, 328.
• Brittany; neglect of, 144.
• Brooke, N.; (18th century), 191.
• Browne, Edward (son of Sir Thomas); 288, 339.
• Brunel, Antoine de; 395.
• Bruno, Giordano; at Geneva, 112;
• in London, 134.
• Buchell, Arend van, antiquary; 246, 275, 329, 385, 397.
• Busbecq, A. G. de; Imperial ambassador at Constantinople, and in France, 14;
• his letters, 14, 398;
• tries to naturalize camels, 140;
• quoted, 20, 81, 187, 192, 289.
• Busino, Orazio; 398.
• Cagots; 138.
• Cairo; largest city then known, 8;
• Bulak asses, 220;
• and other details, 221, 237, 325;
• usual excursions from, 222-7.
• Callot, Jacques, the artist; 321.
• Camden, W.; quoted, 41, 119, 164.
• Campan, the Jesuit; 403.
• Captivity and Ransoms (see Pirates); 56, 71, 101, 201, 203, 346, 356-62, 366.
• Caravans; 216-9, 228-30, 235-6, 249, 292.
• Carve, Thomas; 398.
• Casola, Pietro; 398.
• Cecily, princess (of Sweden); marries on condition her husband takes her to see Queen Elizabeth, 11;
• her journey, 11-3;
• and narrative, 398.
• Cellini, Benvenuto; adventures, 81, 298;
• quoted, 363.
• Chamberlain, John, the letter-writer; 63.
• Channel-crossings; havens, 60-2;
• experiences of, 12, 60-4;
• size of vessels, 64;
• charges, 328.
• Chapman, George; quoted, 25.
• Charles II; his experience of Spanish fare, 262.
• Chartres; a pilgrimage to, 20.
• Chaworth, Sir G.; outlay on his embassy to Brussels, 318;
• his account of it, 398.
• Chiericati, Francesco; 384, 399.
• Cirot, G.; his biography of Mariana quoted, 48.
• Clara Eugenia, the Infanta;
• journey from Milan to Brussels, 11, 399;
• quoted, 135, 296-7, 303, 306.
• Cleland's estimate of annual cost of travel; 315.
• Clothes; 37, 133, 359, 365-8.
• Coaches and Waggons; 79, 290-3, 333.
• Coinage; small change and its bearing on expenses, 341;
• substitutes for, 346;
• multiplicity of, a great hindrance to travel, 368-72.
• Coleridge, S. T.; quoted, 45.
• Coligny, Francis and Gaspard de; their estimate for a year in Italy, 315.
• Communications; see under Bridges, Caravans, Coaches, Escorts, Ferries, Litters, Locks, Mountaineering, Riding, River-travel, Road-travel, Sea-travel, Sign-posts, Vetturino.
• Compostella; 173-4, 320.
• Constantinople; 122, 194-7, 200-1, 215-6.
• —— Bibl.; MSS. Rawlinson, C. 799;
• Stowe, 180;
• and Bertie, Busbecq, Carmoly, Cobham, Courthop, Dallam, Khitrowo, Moryson, Mundy, Röhricht, Vargas.
• Contarini, Tommaso; takes peat from Flanders to Italy, 140.
• Conversation-difficulties; see Linguistics.
• Coryat, Tom; in Palestine, 232, 329.
• Cost of Travel in 1600.
• —— Direct (see Coinage, Fares, Finance, Food, Guides, Licences, Lodging, Luggage, Outfit, Passports, Pilgrimage—Jerusalem, River-travel, Tolls);
• estimates of annual, 314-7;
• means of economizing, 318-25;
• foreigners more liable to overcharge then than now, 330;
• "conducted" travel, 216, 331-2;
• crossing the Alps, 332-4;
• duration of journeys the chief factor in expense, 332-5;
• in relation to food and lodging generally, 338-41.
• —— Indirect (see Beasts of Prey, Captivity, Clothes, Droit d'aubaine, Escorts, Illness, Legal Status, Manners and Customs, Pirates, Plague, Robbers, Touring—greater strain of travel, War);
• defined, 313;
• epitomized in "Litany," 347.
• Courthop, Sir G.; 399.
• Cuelbis, Diego; 393.
• Cuellar, Captain; 175-6, 399.
• Dallam, Thomas; 9, 65, 214, 308, 400.
• Dallington's estimate of annual cost of travel; 315.
• Daniel, Samuel; quoted, 379, 389.
• Dante; did not add to the attractions of Florence, 103;
• quoted, 293.
• Danzig; 131, 155, 211.
• Davies, Sir John;
• quoted, 177, 386.
• Davis, William; a Protestant sailor, cared for at Rome, 112.
• Davison, Francis; cannot live abroad on 100 marks a year, 316;
• quoted, 344.
• Della Valle, Pietro; a model traveller, 6;
• life-story, 7;
• his many interesting experiences on the way to Jerusalem, 205-35;
• quoted, 50, 88, 90, 191-4, 198, 200, 269.
• Denmark; 155, 244.
• Digby, Sir Kenelm; dies in Paris, confiscation of property by "droit d'aubaine," 364.
• Douglas, Thomas; remits broadcloth to Algiers as a substitute for money, 346.
• Dresden; 120, 149.
• "Droit d'aubaine"; enforcement and disuse of, 364;
• its equivalent in Turkey, 196.
• Education; as related to travel (see Average Tourist, Ideas, Touring—uses of, and, —causes of, Universities), growth of the idea, circ. 1542-1642, as constituting the unity of subject of this book, 25, 26, 158;
• then and now, 377.
• Elizabeth, Princess (James I's daughter); a visit to, 129.
• Elizabeth, Queen; sends an organ to "Grand Turk," 9;
• is visited by Princess Cecily, 12;
• her twofold attraction for foreigners, 125-7;
• as a linguist, 47;
• and "der Einlasse," 141;
• subsidizes travel, 318 (cf. 346 and 386).
• Embassies (see Ambassadors, and Spies) facilitate touring to the point of becoming the chief cause of it, 15;
• system of resident ambassadors developed in 16th century, and why, 15-6;
• economical advantages to the tourist, 318, 337, 344, 365;
• French maritime towns send one to Constantinople, 186, 197, 357.
• Empire, the; communications in, 80, 289, 291;
• sub-divisions for tourist purposes, 117;
• characteristics of, 118-21;
• inns, 242-3, 245, 250, 255-9, 268-9, 283;
• expenditure in, 336-7, 339-40, 349-53;
• coinage, 370.
• —— people of; popularity of travel among, 29;
• as seen by foreigners, 118-21, 255, 265, 366.
• —— Bibl.; MS. Tournay 160, Beatis, Bisoni, Breuning, Buchell, Carve, Clara Eugenia, Cust, Guzman, Hoby, Maulde, Montaigne, Moryson, Rye, Sastrow, Sobieski, Taylor, Vargas, Wotton, Zetzner; IV. 1. note 14, VIII. notes 28 and 35.
• England (see London); as seen by foreigners, 123-30, 267, 343-4;
• their reasons for coming, 125-6;
• and usual route, 127;
• inns, 245;
• communications, 291;
• expenditure in, 330-1, 337-8, 349.
• —— Bibl.; Bisoni, Brereton, Breuning, Busino, Cecily, Einstein, Rye, Sobieski, Zetzner.
• English abroad; 346, 356, 386 note 5;
• increase in their numbers and its significance, 25-8;
• in Italy, 28, 74, 112;
• innkeepers, 273-4.
• Ens, Gaspar; one of his guide-books quoted, 49.
• Escorts (see Communications); 38, 353-4, 357;
• Janizaries, 198-9, 216, 325.
• Espinel, Vicente; his "Marcos de Obregon" quoted, 49.
• Este, Luigi d' (Cardinal); 386.
• Evelyn, John; visits the Catacombs, 109;
• goes to see a prisoner tortured, 137;
• his credulity, typical, 146;
• cost of his "Grand Tour," 315;
• quoted, 18, 80, 95, 99, 140, 274, 285, 354.
• Executions, etc., as "sights" (see Robbers); 136-7.
• Exile; as a cause of travel; 23-4, 26.
• Fairs; 114, 144.
• Fanshawe, Ann, Lady; her journeys and memoirs, 13, 400;
• quoted, 79, 170, 262, 352, 370.
• ——, Sir Richard; 13, 315, 370.
• Fares (in Europe); 328-36.
• Ferries and fords; 287-90, 329.
• Finance (see Coinage, Cost, "Putting-Out");
• equation of money-values, how reckoned, 313-4;
• methods of ensuring supply of ready-money, 341-2;
• how coin was carried, 342-3, 372;
• legal limits to amounts carried and how to evade them, 343-4;
• fluctuations in values, 338-9, 344-5, 369;
• remitting by advice, 344-6, 348;
• letters of credit, barter, and loans, 346-7.
• Finland; wizards on the coast of, 75.
• Flagellants; 138.
• Florence; as attractive then as now, 103;
• its Zoos, 139;
• inns, 271, 277.
• Florio, John; his "First-Fruits" quoted, 27.
• Foix, Paul de; 13.
• Food; on board ship, 66, 68, 79, 264-5;
• in Turkey, 249;
• drinks, 252-5, 263;
• meals and meal-times, 255-66, 278-80, 333;
• cost, 338-41, 349.
• France; routes, 84, 115, 122;
• on the rivers in, 79, 82-5;
• attractions of, 114-6, 268;
• inns, 255-6, 260, 266, 270-2, 274, 276, 281;
• on the road in, 285, 289, 291-2, 300, 330, 354;
• expenditure in, 315, 330, 348-9.
• —— Bibl.; MSS. Rawlinson D. 120, 1285, Add. 34177, Egerton 34, Harleian 288, 942/3, 1278, Lansdown 720, Tournay 159, 160;
• Aarssen, Babeau, Beatis, Bertie, Bisoni, Buchell, Busbecq, Busino, Courthop, Cust, Fanshawe, Hoby, Lauder, Locatelli, Montaigne, Mundy, Zetzner; IV. 1. note 4, VIII. note 45.
• Frederick II (Elector Palatine); 399.
• Fürer, Christopher, pilgrim; 325, 358.
• Galileo, G.; 72, 97.
• Galley-slaves; treatment of, 76, 137-8, 362.
• Games new to travellers; 153.
• Genoa; 99, 143.
• Germany; see Empire.
• Gesner, Conrad; as a mountaineer, 304.
• Giustiniani, Vincenzo (Marchese di Bassano); 396.
• Glover, Sir Thomas; in Thrace, 309.
• Gölnitz, Abraham; quoted, 129, 252, 256, 269, 285, 343, 387.
• Good, ——; an Englishman in Ireland, 384.
• Gourville, J. H. de; "Mémoires" quoted, 266, 311.
• Gracián, Jeronimo, St. Teresa's confessor; enslaved, 186.
• Gramaye, J. B.; at Algiers, 356.
• Greece; lack of interest in, 213.
• Greene, Robert; quoted, 366.
• Gresham, ——(?); obtains news from hell at Stromboli, 91.
• Gruberus; a typical guide-book writer, 35, 204.
• Guicciardini, Francesco; 16;
• on Spain, 170.
• Guide-books; general characteristics of, 35-40, 42-3, 333;
• itineraries as guide-books, 43-6;
• advice from, 57-9;
• doggrel from, 106, 121, 154, 204;
• a Jewish one, 236;
• cost, 338.
• —— Bibl.; Einstein.
• Guides (see Escorts and Tutors); 333;
• in Mohammedan lands, 210.
• Guzman, Alonzo de; his autobiography, 23, 401;
• quoted, 51, 280.
• Hall, Joseph (bishop); his abuse of travel—in word and in deed, 374.
• Harington, Sir J.; 142.
• Hentzner, P.; typical character of his "Itineraria," 44;
• quoted, 60, 120, 343, 353.
• Herbert, Lord, of Cherbury; 61, 275.
• Hoby, Sir Thomas; 336, 401.
• Holland; see United Provinces.
• Horsey, Sir Jerome; 244.
• Howell, James; his "Instructions for Foreign Travel" taken as marking the end of the period here dealt with, 26;
• estimate of cost of travel, 315;
• quoted, 36, 71, 122, 276, 303.
• Hungary; 156, 289, 311, 339.
• —— Bibl.; Szamota, Vargas.
• Ideas of the Day in relation to travel:—influencing travellers;
• political (monarchical), 25, 31, 33, 95, 115-6, 118, 164;
• historical, 40, 109, 110, 166-7, 185, 206;
• æsthetic, 103, 214, 302-7;
• lack of sympathy or sentimentality (see also theology, intolerance), 136-7, 144;
• critical, 145-6, 148, 214-5, 239, 301;
• pedagogic, 38-40, 58, 60, 95, 378-9;
• relating to the Empire, 119, 351;
• to Spain, 162-70, 261-3, 351;
• to Ireland, 175-9;
• to the Turks, 182-9, 193;
• to Jerusalem, 205-6;
• to Italy, 95-100, 103, 302;
• to the fascination of Queen Elizabeth, 125-7;
• where to stay, 101, 163.
• —— modified by travel (see Touring, uses of); 27;
• historical, 33, 105, 167;
• town-planning, 117, 378;
• economic and domestic, 113, 116, 120, 140-2, 169-70, 201-2;
• political (democratic), 119, 120;
• trustworthiness of relics, 19;
• Scottish opinion of Scots, 32;
• concerning Italy, 100;
• and Venice, 105;
• of Christians about themselves, 171, 199;
• Turkish craftmanship and character, 191.
• Illness (see Plague, and Touring, hardships of);
• provision against, 66, 360-2;
• mortality at sea, 67-8;
• and on the Alps, 295-6;
• hospitals, 112, 362;
• abundance of vermin, 59, 67-8, 121, 241, 309, 360.
• Imperiali, Gian Vincenzo; 381.
• Inns (see Food, and Lodging); 46, 351, 372;
• the best, 240-1, 268;
• inn-signs, 240, 250-2;
• innkeepers, 241, 245, 273-80;
• and their case against the tourists, 272-83;
• the personnel, 245, 275, 281;
• utensils, 266-7;
• government supervision strict, 271-2;
• town watchmen notify innkeepers of new arrivals, 282;
• "Khans," 247-50;
• free quarters, 249, 265, 280-1, 319-20, 325.
• Ireland; 175-181, 378 (Dublin);
• scarcity of knowledge about, 41, 179-80;
• accommodation, 245, 265.
• —— Bibl.; Carve, Chiericati, Cuellar, Falkiner, Moryson; VI. note 7.
• Italy (see English abroad); high reputation in 16th century, 6, 95-100, 254, 302;
• adverse criticism, 100, 373;
• communications in, 82-3, 85-7, 285-94, 329-32;
• usual routes through, 102, 114;
• inns, 241, 252, 256, 259-60, 271-2;
• baths, 267-8;
• expenditure in, 330-1, 336;
• coinage, 369, 372.
• —— people of; 114, 366;
• travelling coming into fashion with Venetians, (1603), 26;
• courtesans, 106, 143.
• —— Bibl. All but a very few entries refer to Italy to some extent.
• Jemsel, Samuel; a Jewish pilgrim (1641), 236.
• Jerusalem (see Pilgrimage);
• relation to mental life of the time, 205-7;
• monastery of S. Salvatore at, 210, 230, 323;
• as seen by foreigners, 230-4, 360;
• extortion at, 323-5.
• —— Bibl. MS. Rawlinson D. 122;
• Carmoly, Casola, Cobham, Diarium, Khitrowo, Moryson, Röhricht, Serrano.
• Jews; interest in, 8, 217;
• as linguists, 50;
• their badges, 139;
• centres, 214, 236;
• as travellers (to Palestine), 235-8.
• Johanna, Frau (of Antwerp), a pilgrim; enslaved, 359.
• Jonson, Ben; as tutor, 56;
• quoted, 103.
• Jouvin de Rochefort; 384.
• Jusserand, J.; his "English Wayfaring Life" and comparison of its types with those of 1600, 17.
• Kiechel, S.; 384.
• Knight-Errant; of fiction as a cause of travel, 22;
• typified by Alonzo de Guzman, 23;
• one in a cart, 291.
• Kochanowski, Jan; Polish satirist, 373, 378.
• Koris, Joel; 393.
• La Brocquière, Bertrandon de (15th century); quoted, 99.
• Lascells, Richard, pedagogue; 394.
• Lassota, Erich; 383.
• Latin; see Linguistics.
• Lauder, John, of Fountainhall; his diary, 31, 401;
• studies law—and other things—at Poitiers, 31-2;
• seasick, 77;
• quoted, 49, 53, 272, 370.
• Legal status of the traveller (see Droit d'aubaine); 246, 271, 365;
• at Geneva, 112.
• Leipzig; 4, 136.
• Levant Company; 8.
• ——, Islands of the; particularly attractive to travellers, 88;
• some details, 88-94.
• Leyden; 4.
• Licences to travel; see Passports.
• Linguistics; Latin, its uses and limitations, 46-49, 215;
• Italian and French as international languages, 49, 50;
• "lingua franca" and other hybrids, 50-1;
• misunderstandings, 46, 49, 51, 52, 230-1, 249;
• tourist-pronunciation as a guide to phonology, 52;
• towns, etc., in favour for purity of language, 103, 115, 121;
• Jews as linguists, 50;
• books as aids to conversation, 52, 245;
• ignorance of, and lack of interest in, Greek, 213;
• in Turkey, 193, 249.
• Lionello (secretary to Venetian ambassador);
• expenses, London, Edinburgh, 331.
• Lippomano, G.; in Poland, 132;
• in France, 353.
• Liske, K.; his "Viajes ... por España" quoted, 383, 387, 404.
• Lithgow, William; becomes a bad traveller and a worse writer, 10;
• extent of his travels and consequent value of his comparisons, 10-1, 89, 123;
• quoted, 54, 72, 88, 179, 203, 219, 232-5, 323, 342.
• Litters the least uncomfortable method of travel; 290.
• Locatelli, S.; 401.
• Locks (on rivers); then being introduced, and where, 82, 83, 116.
• Lodging; towns the stopping-places, 101;
• monasteries, 225-6, 230, 319;
• downstairs, 143, 244, 247, 266;
• upstairs, 37, 59, 240-50, 265, 269-71.
• London and Londoners; 120, 134, 140, 153, 289.
• Loreto; 107-8.
• Loyola, Ignazio; journeys to England and Flanders as a beggar, 320.
• Lübeck; 120, 152, 251.
• Ludwig V of Hessen-Darmstadt; pays a knight to journey with him, 317.
• Luggage; (see Outfit); 291, 335-6.
• Lyons; 84, 343, 376.
• Madrid; 165, 174.
• Malta; 91, 113, 399.
• Manners and Customs (see Droit d'aubaine, Inns, Theology, intolerance, Vetturino, and under the various nationalities);
• in the Levant, 88-90;
• treatment of foreigners, 111-2, 132-5, 159, 170-1, 176, 197-8, 213, 231, 296, 311, 330, 343-4;
• drunkenness, 133, 160, 192-3, 242, 254-5, 291, 340;
• odds and ends, 135-54, 171, 174, 190, 246, 250, 277, 282, 312, 321, 332, 366;
• carrier-pigeons and incubation in use among Mohammedans, 193.
• Manwaring, ——; an Englishman ill-treated at Aleppo, 198.
• Maps and Plans; 52, 333;
• rivers marked, but not roads, 78.
• Marlowe's "Tamburlane"; quoted, 185.
• Maulde, François de (Modius); 402.
• Mechanical devices as "sights"; water, 151-2, 174;
• other kinds, 141, 152.
• Messina; its municipal bank, 113.
• Milan; 100, 147, 337;
• its importance then, 102, 120.
• Mines; 155-6, 294.
• Missionaries-errant; scarcity of, 24.
• Mole, John, a Protestant tutor; imprisoned thirty years at Rome, 54.
• Money-matters; see Cost.
• Montaigne, Michel de; as a traveller, 3-4, 105;
• usefulness of his knowledge of Latin, 47;
• his theory of travel, 57;
• his narrative, 402;
• quoted, 43, 107, 138, 186, 266, 268, 285, 338, 376.
• Montpensier, Mlle. de; 270.
• Montserrat; 19, 173, 281, 366.
• Morelli, Jacopo; essay on little-known Venetian travellers quoted, 29.
• Morgenthal, Hans von; 382.
• Moryson, Fynes; his journeys, 4-5;
• writings, 5, 402;
• at Rome and Geneva, 111;
• expenditure, 316, 323, 348;
• quoted, 52, 65, 78, 100, 120, 131, 137, 140, 142, 153, 179, 186, 192, 198-9, 201, 231, 245, 257-60, 296, 298, 321, 326, 330, 343, 353, 385.
• ——, Henry; journey to Jerusalem, death and epitaph, 4-5;
• "puts out" money, 326.
• Moscow; 157.
• Mountaineering; Alpine passes in use and details of crossing, 294-9, 306, 332, 334;
• other passes, 212, 299, 300;
• ideas about, for and against, 300-6.
• —— ascents; Horeb and Sinai, 226-7;
• Quarantana (Palestine), 235;
• Les Jumelles (Pau), 300;
• Roche Rommelon (Alps), 301-2.
• Mundy, Peter; 14, 402;
• quoted, 82, 217, 260, 307, 386.
• Münster; his "Cosmography," 43, 146.
• Murder of travellers; see Robbery.
• Muscorno (secretary of Venetian ambassador in England); cost of journey thither, 335.
• Muscovy; 156-62, 327, 342;
• communications in, 80, 156, 293, 355;
• lodging, 244, 266, 319;
• fare, 253, 264;
• an innkeeper of Nerva, 280;
• expenses of an Englishman's journey thither, 335;
• coinage, 371.
• —— people of; hostility to travel, 159, 367;
• as seen by foreigners, 159-61, 346;
• on the way to Jerusalem, 211, 224-5.
• —— Bibl.; Adelung, Khitrowo, Mundy, Possevino.
• Myszkowski, Marshal of the Polish Diet; in England, 128.
• Naples; 7, 113, 120, 138, 252, 292, 320, 343;
• a St. John's Eve ceremony at, 145.
• Nashe, Thomas; quoted, 33.
• Navagero, Andrea; in Spain, 48, 337.
• Netherlands, Spanish; 122.
• —— Bibl.; MS. Tournay 159; Beatis, Bisoni, Breuning, Buchell, Carve, Chaworth, Clara Eugenia, Cust, Hagemans, Hoby.
• Newberie, John; his tale of the Isola dei Diavoli, 93.
• Nîmes; its amphitheatre in 1682, 376.
• Noë, Father; his guide-book, 42-3;
• quoted, 77.
• Northumberland, ninth earl of;
• letter to his son about travel, 58.
• Norway; 346, 406.
• Nützel, Karl; ("the German Ulysses") pays 300% for a loan, 346.
• Ogier, Charles; 385.
• O'Sullivan, Philip, the historian; quoted, 179.
• Outfit; (see Clothes and Luggage), 37, 135;
• for Jerusalem pilgrimage, 66, 325.
• Overbury, Sir Thomas; quoted, 350.
• Padua; (see Universities), 4, 231, 320-1, 329.
• Paris; 115, 145, 153, 251-2, 289-91, 362, 372, 397.
• Parsons, Robert, the Jesuit; at Geneva, 112.
• Pasquier, Etienne; his verdict on touring, 375.
• Passports and Licences; official restrictions, 54-5;
• "charte-partie," 76;
• licences to wear weapons, 135;
• in Mohammedan lands, 198;
• Jerusalem "Placets," 209;
• licences to beg used by tourists, 320-1;
• cost of English ones, 337-8;
• "bills of health," 360-1.
• Patron Saints; of travellers, 44;
• of those who stay at inns, 251;
• of seafarers, 75.
• Payen of Meaux; quoted, 363, 383.
• Payne, R.; 385.
• Perlin, a French visitor in England; quoted, 344.
• Perrault, Claude, architect of the Louvre; sticks in the mud, 285.
• "Picaro"; a special 16th century type of vagabond, 21-3.
• —— Bibl.; Chandler.
• Pilgrimage (see Chartres, Compostella, Loreto, Montserrat, Saumur, Theology);
• consecration for, 7;
• an epidemic in France, 20;
• to what extent in vogue, 18-20, 179, 208, 320;
• relics to be seen, 145-8, and chap. v. part 2;
• the degree and kind of attention relics received, 145-8, 239;
• to St. Patrick's Purgatory, 179.
• —— to Jerusalem; (see Jews, Passports, Sea-Travel—pilgrim-galley)
• the most popular guide-book for, 42;
• routes, 207, 209-14;
• and their characteristics, 210-30;
• information bureau at Venice, 209;
• motives for, 208;
• decline of, and why, 208-9;
• licences for, 209;
• finance of, 209, 216, 229, 321-6, 365;
• at Jerusalem, 230-4;
• Easter excursions to Emmaus, Jordan, and Hebron, 234-6;
• Knighthood of the Holy Sepulchre, 239;
• lodging, 247-50, 323;
• enslavement of pilgrims, 358-60.
• Pindar, Sir Paul; 13, 14.
• Pirates; the chief centres, 72;
• frequency of, 72-74;
• tales of, 74, 106, 185-6.
• Plague; 201, 299, 360-1.
• Plotius; a typical guide-book writer, 35.
• Poland; 130-2, 263, 303, 337, 364, 373;
• inns, 243-4, 278;
• bridge at Yarunov, 289;
• expenditure in, 339-41.
• —— Bibl.;
• MS. Rawlinson, C. 799;
• Adelung, Cust, Łosinski, Moryson, Mundy, Possevino, Zetzner;
• IV. 1. note 14;
• VI. note 2.
• Possevino, Father (the Jesuit); 51, 310, 402.
• Prague; 140.
• Psalms; in use by travellers, 44, 64.
• "Putting-Out" money (travellers' insurance); 325-7, 357-8;
• for mortality among travellers, see under Illness, and Robbers.
• Quevedo Villegas, F. G. de; quoted, 21, 275, 308.
• Rabelais; quoted, 44, 57, 77, 139, 355, 382.
• Raleigh, (Sir Walter)'s son abroad with Ben Jonson; 56.
• Reresby, Sir John; quoted, 149, 350.
• Retz, Cardinal de; quoted, 76, 94.
• Riding (see Communications); 44, 333;
• Bulak asses, 220;
• camels, 228-9;
• post-horses, 292, 330-1.
• Rivadeneyra's "Cisma de Inglaterra" quoted, 41;
• life of Loyola quoted, 286, 320.
• River-, and Lake-Travel; 79-87;
• frequency of, 156;
• relatively cheap, 328-9.
• Riviera, the; unvisited, and why, 101, 260, 312.
• Road-travel (see Communications, Luggage and Riding);
• inconveniences of, 79, 84, 328-9;
• on the way to Jerusalem, 210-30;
• transition-stage of, 284-5;
• anecdotes (state of the roads, etc.), 285-7, 308-12.
• Roanne; starting-point for navigation on the Loire, 79.
• Robbers and Murderers (see Executions);
• in south-eastern Europe, 212, 214, 289;
• Arabs, 218, 220, 223, 225, 228-9, 234, 323, 359;
• at inns, 272;
• highwaymen, 287, 292, 329-30, 348-54, 363;
• a by-product of war, 311, 348-54.
• Rohan, Duc de (1600); his narrative typical, 33, 119;
• quoted, 117.
• Rome; as seen by visitors, 108-12, 116, 252, 280, 292, 343, 364, 376;
• numbers received into English College there, 28;
• Protestants at, 54, 110-1;
• hôtel Vasa d'Oro at, 240, 338.
• Roos, Lord; 54.
• Rösmital, Leo von; 399.
• Russia; see Muscovy.
• St. Amant, the French poet; quoted, 303, 304, 307.
• St. Malo; guarded at night by savage dogs, 311-2.
• Sanderson, John; smuggles mummies, 223.
• Sandys, George; quoted, 28, 91, 92, 113, 187, 232, 323-5.
• Sarpi, Paolo; quoted, 60.
• Sastrow, B.; his autobiography, 20, 403;
• quoted, 133, 321, 350-1, 385.
• Saumur; 20, 115.
• Schaumburg, Wilwolt von; 399.
• Schweinichen, Hans von; 399.
• Scotland; 5, 124, 127.
• —— Bibl.; Brereton, Brown, Cuellar, Moryson, Zetzner.
• Scots abroad (see Lauder and Lithgow); 131 (and note), 274.
• Sea-sickness; 12, 59, 63, 77-9.
• Sea-travel (see Channel-crossings, Levant, Pirates, Sea-sickness);
• size of vessels and accommodation, 64, 65;
• Eastward-ho! from Venice, 68;
• incidental difficulties, 69, 70, 267, 312;
• water preferable to land, 70, 71;
• daily service, Genoa-Rome (1588), 71;
• coasting the usual practice, 71-2;
• storms, 11, 74-6;
• sorcerers and good weather, 75;
• the need of the "charte-partie," 76;
• a "funeral" at sea, 93;
• Turkish sailors, 197, 201.
• —— pilgrim-galley (Venice-Jaffa); arrangements in theory and practice, 66-8, 208, 210;
• concerning the date of its cessation, 207-8.
• Seville; 172, 174, 281.
• Shakespeare's knowledge about Italy, 86, 112, 114;
• a conjecture about "Othello," 188;
• Rosalind on the cost of travel, 313;
• quotations, 154, 222, 307, 363.
• Sherley, Sir Anthony; 291, 357.
• ——, Sir Robert; his many journeys, 13.
• Sicily; 113, 147.
• Sidney, Sir Philip; abroad, when, where, and why, 27;
• quoted, 35, 58, 100, 314, 333, 351.
• "Sights"; see Art, Bathing, Executions, Fairs, Flagellants, Galley-slaves, Games, Levant, Locks, Manners and Customs, Mechanical devices, Mines, Pilgrimage-relics, Unicorn horns, Volcanoes, Women, Zoos, and names of towns.
• Sign-posts; 293-4.
• Sigonius, the Italian scholar; could not speak Latin, 48.
• Sinigaglia; inn at, finest in Italy, 241.
• Smith, Captain John; 294, 385.
• Smith, L. P.; his life of Sir Henry Wotton, 104, 405.
• Sobieski, Jakób; in France and England, 128-30, 384, 387, 404.
• Solre, Comte de (Sieur de Molenbais), 394.
• Spain; 162-74, 261-3, 343, 364;
• the usual itinerary through, 163;
• communications in, 85, 289, 292, 300, 354;
• inns, 242, 246-7, 261-3, 278-80;
• expenditure in, 337, 340;
• coinage, 371.
• —— people of; the women, 170;
• the men, 171;
• few know Latin, 48;
• a Spanish dentist, 362.
• —— Bibl.; MSS. Rawlinson D. 1286, Harl. 3822, Egerton 311;
• Tournay 159;
• also Aarssen, Busino, Chiericati, Fanshawe, Farinelli, Fouché-Delbosc, Guzman, Sobieski, Wynn, Zetzner; I. note 3, VII. note 13, VIII. note 42.
• Spenser, Edmund; as foreign correspondent, 17.
• Spies; qualify for their work by travel, 16;
• numerous but not communicative, 17.
• Stampes, ——(?); 394.
• Strassburg; 119, 133, 152, 286, 288.
• Students; (see Universities, and, Average Tourist), 121, 134, 320.
• Sweden; 155, 244, 406.
• Switzerland; see Mountaineering.
• —— Bibl. MSS. Rawlinson D. 120, B. M. Add. 34177; VII. notes 5 and 12.
• Symonds, Richard; 393.
• Tasso, Torquato; quoted, 141, 303, 382.
• Taylor, John (the "water-poet"); 80, 137, 370, 404.
• Theology in relation to Travel (see Pilgrimage);
• as a cause of travel, 24;
• a "religious test" for tutors, 53-4;
• examples of intolerance, 28, 53, 75, 111-3, 133, 171, 362;
• attractions of Mohammedanism, 55-6;
• increases the interest of volcanoes, 97;
• in Spain, 167.
• Thou, J. A. de; accompanies de Foix to Italy, 14;
• interview with Sigonius, 48;
• nearly drowned on Lake Wallenstadt(?), 81;
• quoted, 97, 180, 260, 274, 300, 350.
• Tolls and Duties; 320, 328, 336-8.
• Touring, [1542-1642]; spread of the idea, 25-30, 158;
• bibliography of, 29, 389-91;
• estimates of amount of (see Constantinople, English abroad, Ireland, Pilgrimage, Scots abroad), 29, 236;
• towns the stopping-places, 101;
• hardships of, and their effect (see Illness), 102, 163, 173, 179, 223, 242-4, 260, 286, 310-2, 375-6;
• official supervision of (see Passports), 131, 158, 271-2, 343, 346, 351;
• compensations, 377-9.
• —— for and against (see Ideas, modified by travel);
• opinions of Bacon, 3;
• of Montaigne, 3, 57;
• of Pasquier, 375;
• new ideas and knowledge brought home, 14, 140, 378-9;
• otherwise unobtainable, 17, 40, 140;
• opposition to, 36, 158-9, 373-4;
• how far reasonable, 375;
• some weak points, 375-7;
• tourist-books as a source of knowledge for us, 52, 72, 82, 86, 118-9, 124, 154-6, 162, 175, 189, 193, 202, 213-4, 232, 350.
• —— special causes of (see Average Tourist, Embassies, Exile, Pilgrimage, and Tourist, types of);
• commerce, and lack of means of communication at a distance, 18;
• exploration, 18;
• difficulty of obtaining information from abroad, 17, 25, 40-3;
• current fiction, 22;
• theological, 24;
• Philip Sidney's reason, 27;
• historical, 28, 284;
• the chief cause, 34.
• Tourist, types of, in 1600 (see under names mentioned in pages here following, and also, Average Tourist, Pilgrimage, and Tutor);
• Subjective, 3-4;
• Objective, 4-5;
• Perfect, 6;
• Philosopher, 7;
• Unintentional, 8;
• Intolerable, 9;
• Feminine, 11-3, 59;
• Ambassadorial, 14, 130-1;
• mediæval types, and how far they survived, 17-23;
• Spy and News-Gatherer, 17;
• Commercial, 20, 131, 321;
• Vagabond, 21-3, 321;
• Exile, 23;
• Missionary, 24, 286, 320, 402-3;
• Various, 24, 92;
• Journalistic, 80.
• Transylvania; cheapness of food there, 340.
• Travellers and Travelling; see Tourist and Touring.
• Turberville, George; on Muscovy, 159.
• Turks; relation to European States, 8, 182-9, 197, 204;
• Christians' fear of, 22, 85, 113, 117-8, 188;
• conversions by, 55-6, 356;
• learn navigation from renegades, 73;
• Danube mainly a Turkish river, 81;
• increase of their sea-power during this period, 106, 184-6;
• as seen by tourists, 90, 189-91, 200-2, 269, 343, 346, 360;
• their teetotalism, 93, 190, 192;
• likeness to the Japanese as contrasted with Christians, 191, 321;
• signs of decay, 192;
• other characteristics, 90, 189-91, 200-2, 269, 343, 346, 360;
• "Khans," 247-50;
• coinage used by, 369, 372.
• —— their ruler, the Grand Signor; Dallam and, 9;
• as an employer, 55;
• supposed to possess a complete Livy, 194;
• diversions of, 196;
• how to see his palace, 196-7;
• audiences with, 197.
• —— Bibl.; see Constantinople and Jerusalem.
• Tutors; 37, 180, 316;
• Hentzner as, 43-4;
• qualifications, 53;
• Ben Jonson as, 56.
• Ulm; 120.
• Unicorn horns; fact, fiction, and prices, 149, 150.
• United Provinces; 116-7, 348;
• communications in, 83, 291, 294, 329.
• —— people of; 132, 143.
• —— Bibl.; Beatis, Bisoni, Brereton, Buchell, Cust, Hagemans, Hoby, Moryson.
• Universities (see Bologna, Padua, Saumur, Students, Wittenberg); Alcalá and Salamanca, 48;
• Italian ones idealized, 103;
• Orleans, 115.
• Vagabond; see "Picaro."
• Valois, Marguerite de; 152;
• her litter, 290.
• Vargas, Juan de; 405.
• Venice; 4, 136, 149, 153, 291, 329, 341, 360-2;
• more English there than in the rest of Italy, 28;
• as a model State, 100-1;
• attractions of, 103-6;
• small boys of, 133;
• inns of, 252, 274, 276-7.
• Verona; 113.
• "Vetturino-system"; what it was, 331;
• its rise and services, 332-4.
• Vienna; 121, 147, 188, 288, 395.
• Villamont, Sieur de; quoted, 65, 87, 104, 143, 302, 329, 382.
• Villers, MM. de; 365, 383, 395.
• Villingen, Pastor Peter, pilgrim to Jerusalem, 1565;
• enslaved, 359.
• Vinci, Leonardo da; a conversation with, 396.
• Volcanoes; 91.
• Waller, Edmund; 80.
• War; (see Robbers); decreases use of Latin, 47;
• even distribution of war and peace in this period, 124, 350;
• as affecting tourist finance, 348, 364.
• Weston, Sir Richard; learns much from the Dutch, 116.
• Whetenal, Lady Catherine; 394.
• Willes, Dr.; cost of journey, England, Muscovy, 335.
• Wilson, Arthur; 63.
• Winghe, J. de (of Tournai); 395.
• Wittenberg; 121.
• Women and Travel; (see Cecilia, Clara Eugenia, Fanshawe, Johanna, Whetenal);
• at Rome in 1600, 18;
• advice concerning, 59;
• in a seven-day Channel-passage, 63;
• position of, in Italy and United Provinces, contrasted, 142-4;
• Jerusalem "Placets" not granted to, 210;
• embarrassments of, when abroad, 269-71;
• of Chios, 88-9;
• Russian, 161;
• Spanish, 170;
• Irish, 177-8;
• Turkish, 200.
• Wotton, Sir Henry; quoted, 26, 71, 154, 299, 329, 341, 347, 349, 356, 405.
• Wunderer, Johann David; at Pskov, 162.
• Wynn, Sir Richard; 385, 405.
• Zeiler, Martin; guide-book to Spain quoted, 48, 351, 364.
• Zetzner, Johann Eberhard; 406.
• Zinzerling, J.; his itinerary as a guide-book, 46;
• quoted, 122, 134, 138, 150, 252, 291.
• "Zoos" of Europe; 139, 140, 174, 196.