New Brunswick, railways in, 304.
New South Wales, railways in, 307;
first locomotive made in, note, ib.;
amount of traffic, 310.
New Zealand, railway tunnel in, 386.
Newcastle, rainfall in, note, 281.
Newspapers, number of, circulating through the Post in 1839 and 1840, 75;
misrepresentations by the Post Office respecting, 80;
stamps for, issued, from 1835 to 1854, note, ib.;
effect of high postal charge for their transmission, and comparative low charge for letters, note, 81;
erroneous Post Office statements respecting, 81, 83, 87, 452.
Nine Elms Locomotive and Carriage establishment, 209.
North of Scotland, railway distances from, to Dover and Penzance, 240.
North Wales, production of coal in, note, 49.
Northampton, its hostility to the London and Birmingham Railway, 233.
Northern of France Railway, its powerful engines, 189.
Northumberland, production of coal in, note, 49.
Nottinghamshire, production of coal in, note, 49.
Nova Scotia, railways in, 304.
Oberschindermanderscheid, a Luxemburg postal town, note, 144, 194.
Officials of railways, their general good conduct, 174;
difficulties of their positions and duties when accidents occur, 175;
numbers killed and injured, 177;
numbers employed in Great Britain, 211;
their love of banging carriage doors, note, 213.
Oldham, Mr., superintendent of the geological survey of India, his opinion as to coal being found there, 288.
Omaha, terminus of the Union Pacific Railroad, 19.
Orleans Railway Company, length, 23;
its first conception, 25;
cost, 28;
traffic receipts, 29;
passengers conveyed, 31;
engine mileage, 37;
goods traffic, 39.
Otranto, the Port and Castle of, 432.
Oudry, M., his bridge across the Straits of Messina, 434.
Overland Californian Mail, the, 18;
the “Pony Express,” ib.
Pacific islands, mountains and volcanoes of, note, 10.
Pacific Railroad, the Union, described, 17.
Page, Mr. Edward, Inspector-General of Mails, his personal character, 83;
his report, ib.;
cause of its being issued, 85;
error in the mode Mr. Page makes his computations, ib.;
omissions in his calculations, 86, 92;
his assertions disproved, 92, 94;
one of Sir Rowland Hill’s witnesses in favour of the State purchasing railways, 118, 132;
his report of 1856, 439;
increased weight of mails under penny postage system would not have prevented their carriage by mail coaches, 440;
weight increased less than supposed, 441;
comparative cost of road and railway mails, 443;
relations between the railway companies and the Post Office, 444;
arbitration, 445;
prices paid to railway companies, 446;
Mr. Page denies illiberal treatment, 447;
mails by railway companies’ guards, 448;
payment by passengers and Post Office compared, 448;
competition from parcels post, 449;
manner in which railways have improved postal communication, 452;
Mr. R. Stephenson’s reply to Mr. Page, 454. See Stephenson.
Palmerston, Lord, educated at Harrow, 218.
Paper versus letters, 141.
Parcels, post, by the Post Office not approved by the Royal Commissioners of Railways, 121;
Mr. Frederick Hill’s
method of removing the chief difficulty in its establishment, 124;
Mr. Page’s views, 449.
Paris, Lyons, and Mediterranean railway, length, 23;
cost of construction, 28;
traffic receipts, 29;
engine mileage, 37;
goods traffic, 39;
its hostility to the Mont Cenis Railway, 492.
Paris to Marseilles, time of journey in 1672, 1;
present distance from London, 15.
Paris to St. Michel, 316.
Parliament, incompetence of, as regards railway legislation, 165.
Parliamentary reports, the Post Office thereon, 444;
their assertions refuted, 474.
Pascal, note, 10.
Passenger traffic on French railways, 30, 31;
on railways terminating in London, 37;
on British railways, 40;
third class, its immense increase, 47;
number carried in the United Kingdom in 1837 and subsequent years, 58;
cause of immense increase of third class, 61.
Passengers conveyed on British railways, 40, 166;
accidents to, 176;
numbers conveyed on Indian railways, 291, 297;
accidents to, on Indian railways, 290.
Patterns, numbers transmitted by post incorrectly stated by Post Office, note, 81;
first carried in 1863, 98.
Peel, Sir Robert, educated at Harrow, 218.
Peninsular and Oriental Steam Packet Company, increased postal subsidy required by it, note, 241;
services performed by it, note, 268;
its new contract, note, 430;
its history traced, 482.
Penny postage, date of its commencement, 75.
Penzance, Railway distance from, to North of Scotland, 240.
Persia, the long railway will pass through it, 271;
opinion of Mr. A. H. Layard, M.P., thereon, 300.
Perth, speed of limited mail to, 109, 237.
Periodical tickets on railways, numbers of, 64.
Peshawer and Lahore Railway Company, the, difference of opinion respecting its construction, 278.
Phipps, G. H., Esq., C.E., on tunnel construction, note, 375.
Pigs and piglings at Wolverton, note, 225;
disputed statistics of, 231.
Pistoja, railway from, across the Apennines, 344;
its working expenses, 346.
Poland, unpronounceable post towns in, note, 144.
Policemen at Crewe, 204.
Pondicherry, railways for, 257;
population and area of, note, ib.
Pony express, the Transatlantic, described, 18.
Population of chief cities of France, note, 31;
of London, 34;
of India, 53;
of United Kingdom in 1837 and subsequent years, 57.
Port Canning Company, the, 274.
Porta Cæsaris Augusti, Susa, 6.
Portugal, mountains of, note, 9.
Post haste defined, note, 158.
Post horse duty, the, not diminished by the opening of railways, 59.
Post Office, the, has produced many literary men, note, 103.
Post Office, the, its railway mileage, 38;
railways used by the department from the earliest period, 73;
its jealousy of railways; ib.;
the Bill of 1838, ib.;
largely modified in its passage through the House of Commons, 74;
introduction of the penny postage system, sudden increase of letters, 75;
hostility of the department to railways, 76;
its outcry against arbitration, ib.;
extracts from Postmaster-General’s Second Report, 77;
its fallacies, 79;
misrepresentations, 80;
Mr. Edward Page’s Report, 83;
number of horses necessary if the Post Office reverted to mail coach conveyance, 94, 95;
mails could not be carried across the Isthmus of Suez but for the railway, 96;
Post Office service must have broken down but for railways, 97;
savings banks, 99;
the Insurance and Annuities Act, 101;
Bill for “Further Provision for the Conveyance of Mails by Railway,” 103;
withdrawn before second reading, 104;
apparently better feeling of the Post Office to railways, ib.;
it is a complete mistake, 115;
present arrangements with railways, 105;
amounts paid to railways for conveyance of mails, 106;
objection to its taking to parcels traffic, 121;
impossible to define payments to railways by Act of Parliament, 122;
can only be settled by arbitration, 123;
the official supporters of Sir Rowland Hill’s recommendations, 132;
railways proportionably less costly to the department than mail coaches, 137;
immense facilities it derives from railways, 138;
unreasonableness of its demands, 139;
day mails in charge of railway guards, 140;
hollowness of Post Office pretences, 144;
discreditable proceeding in 1855, 145;
impossible to satisfy postal officials, 146;
remedies suggested, ib.;
statistical blunders of the department, 230;
its costly blunder, note, 241;
its tardy mode of doing business, note, 243;
constantly increasing its demands upon railways, 462;
advantages to, from railways, 459;
unjustifiable tone of, to railways, 478.
See also Page, Stephenson.
Post offices, number of, in the United Kingdom, 89, 450.
Postage stamps, number transmitted through the mails, 88;
weight of, note, 89;
general information respecting, note, 142;
suppressed, note, 143;
only available for newspapers sent abroad, 473.
Postal communication with India, 247;
its future accelerations, 266, 272.
Postal Guide, the, Post Office notice respecting, 79;
first issued in 1855, 91;
not implicitly to be relied upon, note, ib.
Postmaster-General’s reports. See Reports.
Postmasters, great increase of documents sent by them by railway, 88.
Poultry, the (City of London), should be immediately widened, 327.
Preference share capital of railways, 149.
Provident Fund, the, of the East Indian Railway, 293;
its insufficiency, 294.
Prussia, fastest trains in, 113;
postage stamps in, note, 142, 143;
mileage of railways in, note, 297.
Punch, Mr., his admonition to government officials, note, 242.
Punjaub Railway, the, 272.
Puy de Dome, Pascal’s observations upon, note, 10.
Queensland, railways in, 308;
the difficulties and expenses of their construction, 309.
“Quicksilver” mail in the olden days, 110.
Rails, iron and steel, manufactured at Crewe, 201.
Railway guards in charge of mails, 140.
Railway run, the longest without stopping for water, 111.
Railway subways and tunnels between France and England, 396.
Railway system, the, its immense power and magnitude, 152.
Railway, the centre rail on the Mont Cenis, the experimental line, 339.
Railway, the first passenger, in England, 2.
Railway, the Isthmus of Suez, 95.
Railways and the Post Office. See Post Office.
Railways, Australian, their moderate amount at present, 306;
in New South Wales, 307;
Victoria and Queensland, 308;
difficult works in the latter, 309;
South Australia, 310;
New Zealand, ib.
Railways, Canadian, necessity for their construction, 301;
the first railways, 302;
the present system, 304;
their length and cost, 305;
their eventual extent, 306.
Railways, Colonial, Demerara, Jamaica, Trinidad, 311;
Honduras, Cape of Good Hope, 312;
Natal, Mauritius, Ceylon, 314.
Railways, continental, date of their construction, 12;
French railways, 24;
their length, 27;
modern cheap lines, 31;
fastest trains on, 112; from Calais to Constantinople, 270.
Railways, English, miles constructed from 1843 to 1867, 360;
published traffic receipts incorrect, note, ib.;
capital expended upon them, 28, 40;
revenue from passengers and goods, train mileage, working expenses, 40;
Irish, 43;
Scotch, ib.;
rolling stock upon British, 45;
continual development of the system, 47;
advantages of, to the community, 56;
number of passengers carried on them, 57;
their importance in the conveyance of food, 70;
hostility of the Post Office to, 73, 146;
present arrangements with the department, 105;
amounts paid to them, 106, 138;
speed on, 109;
gauge of, note, 110;
Royal Commission upon, 115;
character of the report of the Royal Commissioners thereon, 116;
recommendations and opinions as regards railways and the Post Office, 119;
impossible to pass a general act as proposed, 122;
railways less costly proportionately than mail coaches, 137;
immense facilities they afford the Post Office, 139;
their duties towards the department and the public, 144, 145;
capital of, receipts, working expenses, and profits, 147;
dividends, ib.;
as compared with the national debt, 151;
powers of, for conveyance of every article of commerce, 152;
for personal locomotion 157;
value to the humbler classes, 158;
railways and free trade the twin sisters of progress, 165;
working and traffic of, 166;
accidents upon, 176;
locomotive and carriage repairing shops of, 209;
number of men employed upon, 211;
prices paid to, by Post Office, 446;
their benefits to the Post Office, as estimated by Mr. Page, 452;
monopoly, alleged, as regards the Post Office refuted, 475.
Railways in India:
the East Indian, 245;
Great Indian Peninsular, 252;
Madras, 255;
Bombay, Baroda, and Central India, 258;
Scinde, 261;
Indus Valley (proposed), 262;
Euphrates Valley (proposed), 263;
Punjaub, 272;
Delhi, 273;
Eastern Bengal, Calcutta, and South-Eastern, ib.;
Great Southern, 274;
future railways, the guarantee, 275;
working expenses, 280;
difference of working expenses upon, 289;
reasons for their being high, 281;
iron-sleepers, 282;
fuel, 284;
accidents, 290;
provident fund of the East India Railway Company, 293;
objections to, 294;
rolling stock, 295;
commercial advantages of their construction to England, 296;
National importance of Indian railways, 297;
their mileage as compared with other countries, 297.
Railways of Italy described, 427.
Railways, rapidity of their construction in America, 20.
Railways throughout the world, note, 211.
Rainfall in India, 255, note, 281;
in England, ib.
Ramsbottom, John, the head of the Crewe establishment, 200.
Raneegunge coal-field, the, 286.
Receipts of British railways, 40;
their constant increase, 47;
percentage of, to working expenses, 55, 147.
Receptacles for letters in England, 97;
in France, note, ib.
Remington, George, Esq., C.E., his proposed tunnel between France and England, 398.
Reports of the Postmaster-General, their first issue, note, 76;
two not dated, ib.;
extract from second Report, 77;
its fallacies, 79;
misrepresentations, 80;
errors in the 12th, note, 81;
in the 3rd, 82;
unceasing changes in the modes of compiling them, 83;
difficulty of understanding the statistics contained in them, 89;
facetia, note, 105;
extraordinary contradictions between the 9th and 12th, note, 121;
constant references to postal accelerations, 130;
Mr. Frederick Hill believed to be the writer of them, 131;
they abound in misstatements, 467.
Reuss-Greiz, the second smallest state in the world, note, 34.
Revue des Deux Mondes, 22, note, 97.
Rice, Mr. Spring, his speech upon railways, 1838, 74.
“Rocket” engine, the, 5.
Rocky Mountains crossed by the Union Pacific Railroad, 20.
Rolling stock on British railways, 45.
“Roman Railways” Company, the, 436.
Rome, distance from London viâ Brenner Pass, note, 15;
time of journey to, in 1834, 157;
ancient, saved by the hissing of a goose, 213;
present population of, note, 436.
Rouen, population of, note, 31.
Royal Commissioners of railways, their names, 115;
character of their report, its main recommendations, 116.
Rugby school, 217.
Rugby station, 235;
arrival of trains at, 234.
Rural postmen in France, note, 97.
Russia, unpronounceable post-towns in, note, 144;
mileage of railways in, note, 297.
Salmon, conveyance of, by railway, 156.
Salt Lake, 19.
Samos, ancient tunnel in, 364.
Samples and patterns incorrectly stated by Post Office, note, 81;
first carried in 1863, 98.
to Canton, 22;
to Jeddo, ib.
Sapperton Tunnel, the, its ventilation, 413.
Sardinia, mountains of, note, 8.
Savings Banks, Post Office, documents transmitted through the Post in consequence of them, 99;
their establishment “with the security of the Government,” 100;
is this undoubted? note, ib.;
the business done by them, note, 101.
Saxony, mileage of railways in, note, 297.
Schindermanderscheid, a Luxemburg postal town, note, 144, 194.
Scinde Railway, the, 260;
its traffic, 261;
working expenses, 290.
Scotland, mountains of, note, 9;
railways in, 43;
production of coals in, note, 49;
amounts paid by Post Office to railways in, 108;
locomotive manufacturers in, 192;
north of, distances to Dover and Penzance, 240;
canals of, 368;
Scudamore, Frank Ives, secretary of the Post Office, a distinguished author, note, 104;
not examined before Royal Commissioners on Railways, 133.
Sea-sickness, 15.
Seguier, Baron, his claim as inventor of the Centre Rail System, 337.
Semiramis, founder of Babylon, 358;
her resuscitation required, 435.
Service, Ambulant (postal), of France, the, note, 78.
Sevigny’s, Madame de, journey to Marseilles 1672, 1.