[1] The Dawn-Breakers, p. 219 (Brit.), p. 303 (U.S.).
[2] After the martyrdom of the Báb, a number of His followers turned to Dayyán for guidance. They were known as 'Dayyáníyyih'. Most of them lived in the provinces of Ádharbáyján and Gílán. It has been thought that Dayyán claimed to be 'He Whom God shall make manifest', but Bahá'u'lláh refuted this in his Kitáb-i-Badí`. When Dayyán came into the presence of Bahá'u'lláh in `Iráq, He fully recognized His station.
[3] The Dawn-Breakers, p. 220 (Brit.), p. 304 (U.S.).
[4] ibid., pp. 21-2 (Brit.), p. 305 (U.S.).
[6] Browne (ed.), A Traveller's Narrative, Vol. II, pp. 278-89. The questions and replies are extracted from this much longer report of the trial.
[7] The Dawn-Breakers, pp. 230-1 (Brit.), pp. 316-19 (U.S.). The quotations are taken from these pages; one reply of the Báb is paraphrased.
[8] Browne, Materials for the Study of the Bábí Religion, pp. 260-2.
[9] The Dawn-Breakers, p. 234 (Brit.), p. 323 (U.S.).
[10] Ḥájí Qásí's end was sad. Some seventeen years later, in spite of assurances given to him, he was strangled on the platform of Persepolis, and his corpse was left dangling there, by the orders of an uncle of Náṣiri'd-Dín Sháh, Ḥájí Sulṭán Murád Mírzá, the Ḥisámu's-Salṭanih, who was on his way to take up the reins of governorship in Shíráz.
Opening quotation: 'The Báb' in The Bahá'í World, Vol. VIII, p. 945. Beatrice Irwin (1877-1956) was a British Bahá'í of Irish descent, who lived a good part of her life in the United States, but travelled both in her work and as a Bahá'í teacher to many parts of the world. Educated at Cheltenham College and Oxford, she was a pioneer in the field of lighting engineering, and also devoted much of her life to advancing the cause of world peace. Her writings include The Gates of Light, The New Science of Colour, and Heralds of Peace.
[1] In later years he became known as Mírzá `Alíy-i-Sayyaḥ (Traveller), married a daughter of Shaykh Ḥasan-i-Zunúzí and made his home in Karbilá. He was one of the four Bahá'ís sent with Ṣubḥ-i-Azal to Cyprus, by the Ottoman Government. He died there on August 4th 1871.
[2] See Foreword, paragraph 4.
[3] The Dawn-Breakers, p. 314 (Brit.), pp. 430-1 (U.S.). Account of Siyyid Ḥusayn-i-Yazdí (or `Azíz).
[4] ibid., pp. 370-1 (Brit.), p. 505 (U.S.).
[5] ibid., p. 371 (Brit.), p. 506 (U.S.).
[6] ibid., p. 372 (Brit.), p. 507 (U.S.).
[7] ibid., pp. 223-4 (Brit.), pp. 307-8 (U.S.).
[8] Cited Shoghi Effendi, The World Order of Bahá'u'lláh, p. 101.
[9] The Dawn-Breakers, p. 373 (Brit.), p. 508 (U.S.), and Sohráb, Risáliy-i-Tis`a-`Asharíyyih, p. 74.
[10] The Dawn-Breakers, p. 374 (Brit.), pp. 509-10 (U.S.).
[11] ibid., p. 375 (Brit.), p. 512 (U.S.).
[12] ibid., p. 376 (Brit.), p. 514 (U.S.).
[13] ibid., p. 378 (Brit.), pp. 518-19 (U.S.).
Opening quotation: Díván-i-Miṣbáḥ. `Azízu'lláh Miṣbáḥ (1876-1945), poet, educationalist, master of belles-lettres, was an eminent Bahá'í of Írán. A book of his prose: Munshi'át-i-Miṣbáḥ, reprinted many times, became a textbook, for use in schools.
[1] Shaykh Muḥammad Shibl and his son, Áqá Muḥammad-Muṣṭafá (then about ten years old); Shaykh Sulṭán-i-Karbilá'í; Siyyid Aḥmad-i-Yazdí, the father of Siyyid Ḥusayn (the amanuensis of the Báb); Shaykh Ṣaliḥ-i-Karímí and Mullá Ibráhím-i-Maḥallátí were of that number.
[2] Browne (ed.), A Traveller's Narrative, Vol. II, xliii.
[3] He was variously named as Mullá `Abdu'lláh, Mírzá Ṣálih, and Mírzá Ṭáhir, the Baker.
[4] `Abdu'l-Bahá, Memorials of the Faithful, p. 201.
[5] The Dawn-Breakers, pp. 215-16 (Brit.), p. 299 (U.S.).
[6] ibid., p. 253 (Brit.), p. 351 (U.S.).
[7] Nicolas, Seyyèd Ali Mohammed dit le Bâb, p. 296.
[8] The Dawn-Breakers, p. 240 (Brit.), p. 332 (U.S.).
[9] F.O. 60/144.
[10] Bahá'u'lláh, Kitáb-i-Íqán, p. 142 (Brit.), p. 223 (U.S.).
[11] Cited The Dawn-Breakers, p. 284n (Brit.), p. 395n. (U.S.). Also in another translation in `Abdu'l-Bahá's Memorials of the Faithful, p. 7.
[12] They were al-Ḥáj Muḥammad al-Karradí and Sa`íd al-Jabbáwí. Ḥájí Muḥammad was nearly eighty years old. In his younger days, he had led a hundred men in the war between the Ottomans and Ibráhím Páshá, son of the celebrated Muḥammad-`Alí Páshá of Egypt.
[13] The Dawn-Breakers, p. 298 (Brit.), p. 411 (U.S.).
[14] In 1970, the present writer received, through the good offices of his cousin, Abu'l-Qásim Afnán, the photostatically-produced copy of a manuscript describing this episode in Bábí history. It is in the handwriting of Áqá Muḥammad-Báqir-i-Ṭihrání, a merchant, whose brother, Mushiru't-Tujjár, was one of the 'Five Martyrs' of Sárí. (These five were murdered in the early years of the Constitutional Movement in Persia: see Balyuzi, Edward Granville Browne and the Bahá'í Faith.) Áqá Muḥammad-Báqir states, in a short introduction, that he visited Bárfurúsh sometime in the year 1319 A.H. (April 20th 1901-April 9th 1902), where he chanced upon a manuscript of the history of the Bábís at Shaykh Ṭabarsí, written by one of them, which he copied for himself and the benefit of others. He does not mention the name of the owner of the original. This history begins with an account of the author joining Mullá Ḥusayn; by this he can be identified, although he nowhere names himself. There is no doubt that he was Mírzá Luṭf-`Alí or Luṭf-`Alí Mírzá of Shíráz, a descendant of the Afshárid monarchs of the 18th century A.D. He was one of the few survivors of Shaykh Ṭabarsí, who managed to escape in the company of Mullá Ṣádiq-i-Muqaddas-i-Khurásání, but in the holocaust of August 1852 (see Balyuzi, Bahá'u'lláh, p. 18) he died a martyr's death.
On receiving and examining this chronicle, the present writer recalled that E. G. Browne mentions, in his Materials for the Study of the Bábí Religion, a manuscript history of the episode of Shaykh Ṭabarsí by Luṭf-`Alí Mírzá, sent to him by Mírzá Muṣṭafá, the Azalí scribe. As this manuscript is now in Cambridge University Library, a photostatic reproduction was obtained by the kindness of the Librarian. According to the scribe (whose real name was Ismá`íl-i-Ṣabbágh-i-Sidihí), the manuscript which he copied for Prof. Browne was faulty, but he could find no other for comparison.
Luṭf-`Alí Mírzá's chronicle ends abruptly, and Áqá Muḥammad-Báqir, the copyist, incorrectly concludes that the author must have died of starvation, since the last lines of his chronicle describe the state of famine caused by the siege.
The present writer is currently engaged in collating the two manuscripts.
[15] The Dawn-Breakers, p. 285 (Brit.), p. 396 (U.S.).
[16] F.O. 60/150, See Appendix 3.
[17] Mullá Báqir, the imám of the Chinár-Súkhtih quarter; Mírzá Ḥusayn-i-Qutb, the Kad Khudá (Headman) of the Bázár quarter; and Ḥájí Muḥammad-Taqí, a prominent and wealthy merchant, who later earned the surname of Ayyúb (Job) from Bahá'u'lláh, because of his intense sufferings, his patience in tribulation and his steadfastness—these were among the notables who went out to the village of Runíz in the district of Fasá to meet Vaḥíd.
[18] The Dawn-Breakers, pp. 353-4 (Brit.), pp. 479-80 (U.S.).
[19] They were commanded by Mihr-`Alí Khán-i-Núrí, the Shujá`u'l-Mulk, and Muṣṭafá-Qulí Khán-i-Qaráguzlú, the I`timadu's-Salṭanih.
[20] The Dawn-Breakers, pp. 361-2 (Brit.), pp. 488-9 (U.S.).
[21] Shoghi Effendi, God Passes By, p. 47.
[22] Browne (ed.), The Táríkh-i-Jadíd, p. 255.
[23] ibid., p. 253.
[24] Browne, A Year Amongst the Persians, p. 81. (1926 ed.).
[25] F. O. 60/153. K. W. Abbott's dispatch of August 30th 1850, enclosed with Sheil's report of September 5th 1850 to Palmerston.
[26] F. O. 248/142 of December 9th 1850, R. W. Stevens, Consul at Tabríz to Sheil.
[27] The Dawn-Breakers, p. 419 (Brit.), p. 572 (U.S.).
[28] F.O. 60/158 of January 6th 1851.
[1] Shoghi Effendi, God Passes By, pp. 273-4.
[1] F.O. 248/108, of May 15th 1843, enclosed in Farrant's letter to Sheil of May 20th 1843. All quotations unidentified by a number in this Appendix are taken from this document.
[2] F.O. 248/108, of November 18th 1842, enclosed in Farrant's letter to Sheil of May 2nd 1843.
[3] F.O. 60/95 (undated), enclosed in Sheil's letter to Aberdeen of February 4th 1843.
[1] F.O. 60/152.
[2] F.O. 248/142, of July 24th 1850.
[3] F.O. 60/153.
[4] F.O. 60/153, of August 3rd 1850, translated by Taylour Thomson.
[5] F.O. 248/140.
[1] F.O. 60/150, of February 12th 1850.
[1] F.O. 60/145, of July 27th 1849.
[2] Dossier No. 133, Ṭihrán, 1850; pp. 100-5. Translation by Dr. Firuz Kazemzadeh in 'Excerpts from Dispatches Written During 1848-1852' by Prince Dolgorukov, Russian Minister to Persia; quoted by kind permission of World Order, A Bahá'í Magazine, Vol. I, No. 1, 1966. The dispatches were published as an appendix to M. S. Ivanov's book, The Babi Uprisings in Iran.
[3] F.O. 60/150. See Appendix 3.
[4] F.O. 248/140, of May 2nd 1850.
[1] F.O. 60/151, of May 25th 1850.
[2] F.O. 60/152, of June 25th 1850.
[3] Dossier No. 133, Ṭihrán, 1850; pp. 470-1. See Appendix 4, note 2, for details.
[4] F.O. 60/153.
[5] ibid.
[6] Dossier No. 134, Ṭihrán, 1850; p. 562. See Appendix 4, note 2, for details.
[7] Dossier No. 133, Ṭihrán, 1850; p. 582. op. cit.
[8] Dossier No. 134, Ṭihrán, 1850; p. 99. op. cit.
[9] Dossier No. 134, Ṭihrán, 1851; p. 156. op. cit.
[10] F.O. 60/153.
[11] ibid.
[12] F.O. 60/154.
[13] ibid., of December 16th 1850.
[14] ibid., of December 24th 1850.
[15] F.O. 248/143.
[16] F.O. 60/158.
[1] F.O. 248/140.
[2] F.O. 60/152.
[3] F.O. 248/141.
[4] F.O. 60/152, enclosed with Sheil's letter to Palmerston.
[1] Arnold, Through Persia by Caravan, Vol. II, pp. 32-5.
[2] Benjamin, Persia and the Persians, Preface.
[3] ibid., pp. 353-5.
[4] Gordon, Persia Revisited, pp. 81-91.
[5] Lorimer, Gazetteer of the Persian Gulf, Vol. I, part 2, pp. 1966-7 and 2384.