135. See work quoted on p. 378.
136. Solomon Islands and their Natives, by H. B. Guppy, p. 78.
139. The portion exhibiting the coral structure has a specific gravity of 2·54.
140. A good list of references to the early German authorities on the subject is given in the American Journal of Science and Arts for 1831, vol. 20.... Zirkel in his Lehrbuch der Petrographie (1893, vol. i. p. 565) gives most of these and many more recent.... Harker in his paper below named refers to a review of the earlier literature in Verh. naturh. Vereins. Bonn, 1851, vol. 8, and to a more complete bibliography by Meli in Boll. Soc. Geol. Ital. 1881, vol. 9.... British Association Report in 1889 by Professors Rücker and Thorpe on the Magnetic State of the British Isles.... Nature for August and September, 1894, &c.... Harker on magnetic disturbances in the Isle of Skye, Proc. Cambr. Philos. Soc. vol. 10, part 5.... Skinner in Proc. Cambr. Philos. Soc. May, 1894.... Clark in Journ. Roy. Instit. Cornwall, 1890-93.... Folgheraiter in Frammenti concernanti la geofisica, Rome: referred to in Nature, July 27, 1899, and Nov. 8, 1900.
141. Nearly all volcanic rocks at all basic are magnetic, owing to the constant presence of magnetite; but magnetic polarity, when the rock-fragment has a negative and a positive pole, is not directly concerned in volcanic rocks with the mineral composition.
142. Some of the earliest observations were made on granites and trachytes.
143. Geology of the United States Exploring Expedition, 1849, p. 294.
144. Quarterly journal Geological Society, vol. li., p. 469.
145. Wilkes’ Narrative of the U.S. Exploring Expedition, iii., 185.
146. Of the tuffs and clays, almost all submarine and often containing tests of foraminifera and sometimes molluscan shells, about 90 per cent. exhibit simple magnetism in a slight degree, but out of nearly 100 specimens tested none show polarity.
147. On p. 357 will be found some notes on the magnetic iron sand that occurs in great abundance in river and stream beds.
148. These values represent the number of degrees that the magnetic needle is repelled. The method is described above. A note on the average amount of polarity found in all my polaric rocks is given at the end of the chapter. The term “dacite” is here an equivalent of “felsitic andesite.”
149. This name has been wrongly applied in the Admiralty chart to the mountain of Mbatini. Koro-mbasanga, 2,500 feet, lies three miles to the north.
150. This rock is described on p. 109. There is no exceptional development of magnetite for a basic rock in the groundmass.
151. Unfortunately, I have no data for the peaks of Na Raro and Vatu Kaisia, except that specimens obtained below the summits are non-polaric. In the case of Na Raro I did not retain the specimen obtained at the top; whilst in my ascent of Vatu Kaisia I did not quite reach the summit.
154. The Islands and Coral Reefs of Fiji, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harv. Coll. vol. 33, 1899.
155. Scott. Geogr. Mag. 1895.
156. Ancient Volcanoes of Great Britain, by Sir A. Geikie, 1897, ii. 260.
157. See Wichmann in Min. und Petrog. Mitth. band v. heft 1.
158. Amer. Journ. Sci. VI. 165, 1898. See also Agassiz on the Islands and Coral Reefs of Fiji, before quoted.
159. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. 1879-80, p. 358.
160. Quart. Journ. Geolog. Soc. vol. 44, 1888.
161. See Preface to the report of Mr. Andrews quoted on a later page.
162. Das Antlitz der Erde, French edition by E. de Margerie, ii. 534.
163. See the paper before quoted on the coral reefs of Fiji.
164. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harv. Coll. vol. 38. Geolog. Ser. vol. 5, no. 1, 1900. On the Limestones and General Geology of the Fiji Islands, by E. C. Andrews.
165. Quart. Journ. Geolog. Soc. vol. 47, p. 590, 1891. See also Mr. Harker’s paper below quoted.
166. Geolog. Mag. June, 1891.
167. Seemann’s Flora Vitiensis, Horne’s Year in Fiji, Hillebrand’s Flora of the Hawaiian Islands, Hemsley’s “Flora of the Tonga Islands” in Journal Linnean Society, Botany, vol. 30.
168. See Hutton Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. 1896, Baur, Amer. Nat. 1897, Pilsbry, Proc. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1900, Hedley, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. 1892, 1899, &c.
169. The term “basalt” is here used in a general sense to include olivine-basalts, basaltic andesites, and other basic types of the augite-andesites and hypersthene-augite andesites.
170. The usual signification of “koro” as a prefix or part of names of hills and mountains is a “prominence” or “projection.” It is a mistake on my part to assume that in such cases it is as a rule equivalent to a town or village.
There is some inconsistent spelling and hyphenation in this book which has not been normalized.
Some corrections have been made to the text. In particular, punctuation was corrected. Additionally, the following changes have been made: