The Project Gutenberg eBook of Social Environment and Moral Progress, by Alfred Russel Wallace.

Index

Acquired characters, definition of, 104
characters, on the heredity of, 103
Adaptation, 106
Adulteration, 55
Alcoholism, deaths from, 67
in women, 68
statistics of, 68
America, Central, architecture of, 34
Animals, natural selection among, 75
Anthropological Review, 99
Apes, anthropoid, affinity with man, 93
Aquatic forms of life, increase of, 85
Archimedes, 34
Australian aborigines, character of, 33
and Caucasians, 34
Barnardo, Dr., 141
Beaver, 95
Bimana, 94
Brahé, Tycho, 23
Brain as organ of the mind, 94
Bribery, 56
Browning's, Mrs., Cry of the Children, 42
Buddha, 8
Capitalism, 152
Caucasians and Australian aborigines, 34
Causes of economic evils, 154
Chambers's Vestiges of Creation, 81
Character, definition of, 4
difficulty of knowing good from bad, 5
mental faculties and, 5
morality based upon, 5
not cumulative, 37
of savage races, 32
permanence of, 8
public opinion and, 36
selective agency to improve, 36
subject to variation, 36
transmission of, 4, 7, 36
variability and, 82
Characters, acquired, definition of, 104
acquired, heredity of, 103
innate, 104, 110
heredity of, 110
Chemical trades, evils of, 50
Child labour, evils of, 41, 43
Church, the work of the, 118
Civil law system, 62
Civilisation during 18th century, 40
evolution and, 157
of ancient Egypt, 15, 35
of ancient India, 8
of ancient Mesopotamia, 15
Civilisations, ancient, 112
Classical writers, our indebtedness to, 115
Coal mines, accidents in, 43
child labour in, 43
female workers in, 43
insecurity in, 43
who the, belong to, 45
Commercial system, immorality of our, 55
Companies, Limited Liability, 56
Competition, 154
Conduct, character and, 5
environment and, 6
Confucius, 8
Cook, Captain, opinion of, on natives of Friendly Isles, 32
Co-operation, 154, 160
Criminal law system, 64
Cruciferæ family, increase of, 84
Curr, Mr., opinion of, on Australian aborigines, 33
Cutlery trade, evils of, 50
Daily Citizen quoted, 51, 52
Darwin and heredity, 103
and natural selection, 87, 93, 125
and transference of selection to mind, 99
and variability, 82
on Tahitians, 32
Darwin's Descent of Man, 93, 125
Origin of Species, 82
theory of Pangenesis, 104
Darwinism and Lamarckism, 78, 81
and variability, 82
objections to, 85, 90
(See also Evolution, Lamarckism, Natural selection, etc.)
Deadly trades, 50
Dell's, J. H., Dawning Grey quoted, 117
Descent of Man, Darwin's, 93, 125
Divine influx into man, 92, 115, 119
Divorce, 74
Dutt, Mr. Romesh, quoted, 9
Dwellings, insanitary, 47
Economic advance, evils of, 150
antagonism, 155
brotherhood, 155
evils, causes of, 154
remedies for, 154
Education, effects of, not hereditary, 111, 114
extension of period of, 143
national system of, needed, 146
of the world, 111
Egypt, astronomy in ancient, 18
civilisation of ancient, 15, 35
intellect in ancient, 16
Eighteenth century, stationary epoch, 40, 122
Elephants, increase of, 85
Environment, laws of heredity and, 103
modified by man, 95
not always responsible for specialisation, 106
remedies, 154
social, and conduct, 6
social, character of, 153
social, during 19th century, 40
social, evils of, causes of, 154
Equality of opportunity, 155
Erman, Prof. Adolf, quoted, 26
Euclid, 34
Eugenics, methods of, 127
science of, established by Sir F. Galton, 127
Eugenists, 149
Evil, origin of, problem of, 118
possible solution of, 119
Evolution, a rational theory, 81
acceptance of, 81
and civilisation, 157
Lamarckism and, 81
Chambers and, 81
Darwin and, 81
exposition of, by Spencer, 81
natural selection and, 77
objections to, 81, 90
variability of species, 8, 82
(See also Darwinism, Lamarckism, Natural selection, etc.)
Factory system, development of, 41
evils of, 41
Fertility, law of diminishing, 144, 147
Fines v. imprisonment, 65
Friendly Isles, natives of, character of, 32
Galton, Sir Francis, 37
eugenic theory of, 127
on laws of increase of population, 127
Galvanising trade, evils of, 51
Gambling, immorality of, 59
in trade, 58
inconsistent attitude to, 59
Stock Exchange, 59
Genius, not cumulative, 37
not necessarily hereditary, 37;
examples, 38
Gothic architecture, 34
Greece, 121
architecture of ancient, 34
Heredity and genius, 37
and "recession to mediocrity," 38
beneficence of law of, 115
Darwin and, 103
importance of subject, 103
Lamarck and, 104
laws of, and environment, 103
misconceptions regarding, 103
of innate characters, 110
Herschel, Sir John, 82
Homer, 8
Hominidæ, 94
Human nature, faculties of, 100
Imprisonment v. fines, 65
India, architecture of ancient, 34
intelligence and morality in ancient, 9, 11, 15
religious conceptions in ancient, 11
Individuation, 142
Infantile mortality, Prof. Petrie on, 140
statistics of, 47, 72
Injustice, social, 155
Innate characters, 104
heredity of, 110
Insanitary dwellings, 47
Intellect in ancient India, 9, 11, 15
permanence of, 15
Intellectual advance not general, 142
Jesus Christ, 116
Justice, administration of, 62
immorality of, 66, 152
Lamarck and evolution, 81
and heredity, 104
Lamarckism, 78, 89
and Darwinism, 78
insufficiency of, as a theory, 80
Land, access to, 155
Language, 28
diversity of, 120
lowest races possess, 31
Law, civil, system, 62
criminal, system, 64
partiality of the, 65
Layard, Sir H., 16
Le Conte, Prof., quoted, 139
Lead glaze trade, evils of, 50
Lead poisoning of workers, 51
Life-destroying trades, 47
Lyell's Principles of Geology quoted, 78
Maha-Bharata, Indian epic, quoted, 8
Malthus, 139
Mammals, classification of, 94
Man, affinity of, with anthropoid apes, 93
and marriage, 133
dignity of, 91
Divine influx into, 92, 115, 119
external differences between, and apes, 93
modifies his environment, 95
moral sense in, 91
nature of, stationary, 102
position of, 91
predominance of mind in, 98
preparation of, for progress, 120
selection transferred to mind in, 99
three great races of, 100
triumph of, over Nature, 95, 150
Marriage, 143
freedom of, insisted upon, 128
man and, 133
women and, 133
Mental faculties in formation of character, 5
Mesopotamia, civilisation of ancient, 15
Mind, brain the organ of the, 94
predominance of, in man, 98
selection transferred to, in man, 99
Monier-Williams, Sir M., 11
Monopoly, 155
Moral degradation, indications of, 67
progress, definition of, 1
progress, initiating new era of, 150
progress through new form of selection, 125
sense in man, 91
Morality amongst the ancients, 8
based upon character, 5
based upon human nature, 4
evolution and, 157
in ancient India, 9
no definite advance in, 36
product of environment, 3
savages and, 31
standards of, varying, 2
Morals, definition of, 1
Natural selection, among animals, 75
and evolution, 77
and origin of species, 82
explanation of, 75, 87
modification of, by man, 96, 99
modified by mind, 93
new form of, 125
process of, 112
two modes of, 125
Nineteenth century, environment during, 40
movements during, 122
reaction against forced civilisation during, 41
O'Grady, Mr. S., quoted, 156
Oliver's, Sir T., Diseases of Occupation, 53
Organic nature, development of, 109
indivisibility of, 109
Origin of Species, Darwin's, essential features of, 82
Origin of species, natural selection essential factor in, 82
Overcrowding, statistics of, 48
Owen, Sir Richard, and man's affinity with apes, 94
Pall Mall Gazette, reply to, 76
Pangenesis, theory of, 104
Park, Mungo, 101
Petrie, Prof., quoted, 139
Plato, 8, 116
Poor Law, immorality of the, 65
Population, increase of, laws governing, 141
social reform and, 138
Poverty, 130, 143, 151
Polynesian races, character of, 33
Preventable deaths, responsibility for, 43
Primates, 94
Proctor, Mr. R. A., quoted, 18
Progress, moral, definition of, 1
moral, how to initiate era of, 150
moral, through new form of selection, 125
Prostitution, 73
Pyramid of Gizeh as observatory, 23
purpose of, 17
structure of, 19
Quadrumana, 94
Rawlinson, 16
Reade's, Martyrdom of Man, 113
"Recession to mediocrity," heredity and, 38
Religious conceptions in ancient India, 11
Remedies for economic evils, 154
Reproduction, 142
Rich, dread of, to social reorganisation, 156
Rome, 121
Savage races, morality of, 31
Selection, artificial, 105, 127
free, in marriage, 133
Selection, natural, action of, transferred to mind in man, 99
amongst animals, 75
and origin of species, 82
explanation of, 75, 87
modification of, by man, 96, 99
modified by mind, 93
process of, 112
two modes of, 125
Selection, new form of, 125
sexual, 125
Selective agency to improve character, 36
Sherard's, Mr. R. H., White Slaves of England, 51 (note)
Slavery, 2, 115
Slums, 47, 151
Smyth, Piazzi, on Pyramids, 18
Snowden, Philip, 53
Social environment and conduct, 6
character of, 153
during 19th century, 40
evils of, causes and remedies of, 154
reorganisation, the rich and, 156
reform, 143;
and over-population, 138
Socrates, 8
Species, increase of, 82, 84
origin of, natural selection, and, 82
variability of, 82
Speech as proof of intelligence, 28
lowest races possess, 31
origin and development of, 29
Spencer, Herbert, 89, 99, 103
exposition of evolutionary argument by, 81
on laws of increase of population, 141
Stanley, Hiram M., quoted, 128
Struggle for existence, 85, 86
Suicide, statistics of, 70
Survival of the fittest, 85, 87, 139
"Survival value," 39
Swedenborg, 137
Tahitians, character of, 32
Tinning trade, evils of, 51
Unhealthy trades, 50
Universe, development and purpose of, 119
Variability, character and, 36
basic law of nature, 96
explanation of, 82
of species, 82
purpose of, 90
Vedas, quoted, 11
War, 74
Wealth, increase of, 41, 150
Webb, Mr. Sidney, quoted, 65
Women and marriage, 133
excess in numbers of, 134, 147
future status of, 147
in trade, 151
Workmen's compensation, Prof. Petrie on, 139
Writing as proof of intelligence, 28
origin and development of, 29
Zoophytes, 95
Zymotic diseases 47

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