[1] At, or to, before house or home, must be rendered by da, dal, or in casa. See Gram. p. 209.

On Prepositions.

[See Gram. p. 209.]

These Prepositions di diétro, vicíno, intórno, dirimpétto, infíno, will have a Dative after them.

    1. Sir,
    2. signóre
    1. if I knew
    2. [1]se sapére
    1. where you live,
    2. dove stare di casa
    1. I would take the liberty
    2. pigliáre libertà
    1. to go and pay you a visit.
    2. [2]veníre fare vísita.
    1. Sir,
    1. you would give yourself
    2. dare
    1. too much trouble;
    2. troppo incómodo
    1. however, if
    2. però se
    1. you do me that favour,
    2. fare favóre
    1. you shall be very welcome;
    2. éssere il benvenúto
    1. I live near the Temple,
    2. stare vicíno Témpio
    1. opposite
    2. dirimpétto
    1. Chancery-lane.
    1. I believe
    2. crédere che
    1. my best way
    2. la miglior strada
    1. to go to your house is to
    2. che possa fare per veníre da
    1. pass by
    2. voi sia di passáre
    1. London-bridge.
    2. Londra ponte
    1. You are in the right, sir,
    2. avére ragióne
    1. since
    2. giacchè
    1. you live behind the Tower.
    2. stare di diétro Torre.
    1. A poor labourer
    2. póvero lavoránte
    1. that works from
    2. travaglíare
    1. morning till night
    2. mattína infíno sera
    1. (when he is well paid
    2. quando éssere bene pagáto
    1. for his labour)
    2. lavóro
    1. lives
    2. vívere
    1. more content and satisfied,
    2. conténto sodisfátto
    1. than those who
    1. have great riches.
    2. avére gran richézza.
    1. He who shall be
    2. éssere
    1. constant even to death,
    2. costánte infíno morte
    1. shall have
    2. avére
    1. the crown of glory.
    2. coróna glória.

[1] See Gram. p. 202, on se before a preterimperfect.

[2] Ibid. p. 203, when we use veníre instead of andare.

On Conjunctions which require the Subjunctive after them.

[See Gram. p. 204.]

The following Conjunctions prima che, acciocchè, finchè, per paura che, sin che, benchè, purchè, a meno che, Iddío voglia che, require the Subjunctive after them.

    1. You will speak
    2. parláre
    1. Italian well,
    2. Italiáno bene
    1. provided
    2. purchè
    1. you take pains;
    2. darsi pena
    1. I tell you so,
    2. direacciochè
    1. that
    2. acciochè
    1. you may take courage,
    2. pigliáre corággio
    1. and learn well.
    2. imparáre bene.
    1. I remember I told you
    2. ricordársi dire
    1. several times
    2. parécchie volte
    1. that you will never write
    2. mai scrívere
    1. Italian correctly,
    2. Italiáno correttaménte
    1. unless
    2. a meno che
    1. you study the rules.
    2. studiáre regola.
    1. I will take so much pains,
    2. darsi pena
    1. that
    1. I hope
    2. sperare
    1. I shall write it
    2. scrívere
    1. well
    1. before
    2. prima
    1. next summer.
    2. próssimo state.
    1. You will soon perceive
    2. présto accorgérsi
    1. the effects of it,
    2. effétto
    1. provided
    2. purchè
    1. you follow my directions,
    2. seguíre suggerimento
    1. though
    2. benchè
    1. you think
    2. sembrare
    1. the Italian tongue
    2. Italiáno lingua
    1. is very difficult.
    2. éssere diffícile.
    1. Please God
    2. piáccia Iddío
    1. it may be as you say;
    2. éssere come dire
    1. for
    2. perchè
    1. it would be
    2. éssere
    1. a great satisfaction
    2. grande soddisfazióne
    1. to me.
    1. I esteem
    2. stimáre
    1. a man
    2. uno
    1. very unhappy
    2. molto infelíce
    1. that has not the fear of God,
    2. avére timóre Iddío
    1. though
    2. benchè
    1. he should possess
    2. possédere
    1. all the treasures
    2. tutto tesóro
    1. in the world,
    2. mondo
    1. even though
    2. benchè
    1. he should have
    2. avére
    1. all the other fine qualities
    2. altro bello qualità
    1. that can make a man
    2. potére réndere úno
    1. perfect.
    2. perfetto.
    1. I always praised you
    2. sempre lodáre
    1. very much
    2. molto
    1. before
    2. prima che
    1. you became so idle;
    2. diveníre pigro
    1. and I told you
    2. dire
    1. several times
    2. più volte
    1. that you would lose
    2. pérdere
    1. the good opinion
    2. buóno opinióne
    1. every one had of you,
    2. tutto avére
    1. unless
    2. a meno che
    1. you should be
    2. éssere
    1. as diligent and careful
    2. diligénte premuróso
    1. as you were before.
    2. éssere prima.
    1. When I corrected you
    2. quando corréggere
    1. for your faults,
    2. colpa
    1. it was not
    2. éssere
    1. because
    2. perchè
    1. I did not love you;
    2. amáre
    1. on the contrary,
    2. al contrário
    1. it was to the end that
    2. éssere acciocchè
    1. you should employ your time well,
    2. impiegáre témpo
    1. and that you should be
    2. éssere
    1. more diligent
    2. più diligénte
    1. than you are
    1. now.
    2. adesso.
    1. Though
    2. benchè
    1. you began
    2. principiáre
    1. to learn Italian
    2. imparáre Italiáno
    1. before me,
    2. prima di me
    1. I hope
    2. speráre
    1. I shall speak it soon
    2. parláre presto
    1. as well as you.
    2. bene quanto voi.

    1. I do not believe so,
    2. crédere
    1. unless
    2. a meno che
    1. you have learned
    2. avére
    1. all the rules of the grammar.
    2. tutto régola grammática.
    1. Though
    2. benchè
    1. I did not learn them,
    2. imparáre
    1. yet
    2. pure
    1. I will take so much pains,
    2. pigliáre tanto pena
    1. that what I told you
    2. dire
    1. will prove true.
    2. éssere vero.
    1. It will be some time
    2. vi vorrà del tempo
    1. before
    2. prima che
    1. you have read them.
    2. léggere.
    1. Would to God
    2. volésse Iddío
    1. I had known you
    2. conóscere
    1. sooner,
    1. I should speak
    2. parláre
    1. Italian well now:
    2. Italiáno bene ora
    1. and although
    2. benchè
    1. I had learned
    2. imparáre
    1. when I was young,
    2. éssere gióvine
    1. yet I knew
    2. sapére
    1. but very little of it,
    2. pochíssimo
    1. when I began with you.
    2. quando principiáre.
    1. Perhaps
    2. forse
    1. it was not
    2. éssere
    1. your master’s fault;
    2. maéstro colpa
    1. for before
    2. prima che
    1. I composed my grammar,
    2. compórre grammática
    1. I found but few
    2. trováre poco
    1. that would learn grammatically.
    2. imparáre grammaticalménte.
    1. It is true
    2. vero
    1. I had a very good master,
    2. avére buóno maéstro
    1. and if I had
    2. se avére
    1. believed him,
    2. crédere
    1. I should have learned
    2. avére imparáto
    1. by rules,
    2. per principj
    1. but I found them
    2. ma trováre
    1. too tedious;
    2. troppo nojóso
    1. and would to Heaven
    2. volésse Cielo
    1. I had followed
    2. avére seguito
    1. his advice,
    2. consíglio
    1. for
    2. perchè
    1. I have a great desire
    2. avére gran voglia
    1. to speak Italian.
    2. parláre Italiáno.

Some Verbs signifying will, desire, leave, or fear, will have the Conjunction che after them, and the following Verb in the Subjunctive.

    1. I will leave you
    2. lasciáre
    1. to do that.
    2. fare.

    1. I wish
    2. desideráre
    1. you may be
    2. éssere
    1. as honest as
    2. onésto
    1. your father.
    2. padre.
    1. I ordered
    2. ordináre
    1. dinner
    2. pranzo
    1. to be ready
    2. éssere pronto
    1. immediately.
    2. subito.
    1. That must be done
    2. bisógna fare
    1. quickly.
    2. presto.
    1. God permitted
    2. Iddío perméttere
    1. it should happen.
    2. succédere.
    1. I am afraid
    2. avére paura
    1. you were mistaken.
    2. ingannársi.

We express the two Anglicisms this day se’nnight, this day fortnight, by d’oggi a otto, d’oggi a quindici.

    1. I believe
    2. crédere
    1. I shall go
    2. andáre
    1. into the country
    2. campágna
    1. this day se’nnight,
    2. d’oggi a otto
    1. but I hope
    2. speráre
    1. I shall come back
    2. ritornáre
    1. this day fortnight.
    2. d’oggi a quíndici.
    1. I am sure that
    2. éssere sicúro
    1. when once you are there,
    2. quando una volta éssere
    1. you will not return
    2. tornáre
    1. so soon
    2. così présto
    1. to town.
    2. città.
    1. I give you my word that
    2. dare paróla
    1. this day fortnight
    2. d’oggi a quíndici
    1. I will come to see you.
    2. veníre vedére.
    1. When
    2. quando
    1. will your brother go
    2. fratéllo andáre
    1. to Germany?
    2. Germánia?
    1. He expects to go
    2. contare andáre
    1. this day se’nnight,
    2. d’oggi a otto
    1. if it is fine weather.
    2. se fare bel tempo.

The word people, when taken generally for the people of a whole country, is expressed in Italian by the word gente.

    1. The French
    2. Francése
    1. had the name of being
    2. avére riputazióne éssere
    1. the most civil people
    2. civíle gente
    1. in the world.
    2. mondo.
    1. I should not like
    2. amáre
    1. to live among
    2. vívere fra
    1. the Spaniards,
    2. Spagnuólo
    1. for they are
    2. perchè éssere
    1. very jealous people;
    2. gelóso gente
    1. but I should never be tired
    2. ma éssere mai stanco
    1. of living among
    2. vívere fra
    1. the English,
    2. Inglése
    1. for I believe
    2. perchè crédere
    1. they are
    2. éssere
    1. the most civil
    2. civíle
    1. the most courteous,
    2. cortése
    1. and the most obliging
    2. obbligánte
    1. people in the world.
    2. gente mondo.

When the word people signifies subjects, it is expressed in Italian by the word pópolo.

    1. A good prince
    2. buóno príncipe
    1. should prefer
    2. preferíre
    1. the happiness of his people
    2. felicità pópolo
    1. to his own.
    1. Happy are the people
    2. felíce pópolo
    1. who have a
    2. avére
    1. good prince
    2. buón
    1. to govern them.
    2. governáre.

On the Particle si, it is, they, one, &c. [See Gram. p. 211.] The Particle si is always put before a Verb, and the Verb must be impersonal.

    1. I was told that
    2. dire
    1. you speak Italian
    2. parláre Italiáno
    1. very well.
    2. benissimo.
    1. They do me
    2. fare
    1. more honour than
    2. onóre
    1. I deserve;
    2. meritáre
    1. I wish it were true.
    2. volére vero.
    1. They say
    2. dire
    1. you are going to be married.
    2. stare per maritársi.

    1. They say so,
    2. dire così
    1. indeed;
    2. in verità
    1. but
    2. ma
    1. they are
    1. much mistaken.
    2. molto ingannársi.
    1. I was assured that
    2. assicuráre
    1. the lady’s father and your’s
    2. [1]signóra padre
    1. had concluded
    2. conchiúdere
    1. the articles of marriage.
    2. articólo matrimónio.
    1. If they say so,
    2. se dire così
    1. it is
    1. without
    2. senza
    1. any foundation.
    2. alcúno fondaménto.
    1. I am very glad
    2. rallegrársi
    1. to see you,
    2. vedére
    1. for I was told
    2. perchè dire
    1. you were gone to
    1. France.
    2. Fráncia.
    1. Pray who told you
    2. di grazia dire
    1. such a falsehood?
    2. tale falsità
    1. No matter;
    2. non impórta
    1. and we were also told,
    2. éssere detto
    1. you were to go to
    2. andáre
    1. Italy.
    2. Itália.

[1] The lady’s father and your’s, vostro padre e quello della signora.

The Verb to use in English, signifies in Italian servírsi, assuefársi, accostumársi; when it signifies servírsi, it is commonly followed by a Noun, but otherwise it is followed by a Verb.

    1. He who forgets
    2. dimenticare
    1. those things which
    2. cosa
    1. he desires to remember,
    2. desideráre ricordársi
    1. must use helps
    2. dovére servírsi ajúto
    1. to cultivate his memory,
    2. coltiváre memória
    1. or use
    2. o
    1. the greatest diligence
    2. grande diligénza
    1. and attention
    2. attenzióne
    1. when he is reading,
    2. quando léggere
    1. that he may retain
    2. ritenére
    1. profitable instructions;
    2. profittévole istruzióne
    1. for when they have once
    2. perchè quando éssere una volta
    1. slipt out
    2. uscíto
    1. of the memory,
    2. memória
    1. there is need of
    2. bisognáre
    1. fresh reading
    2. nuóva lettúra
    1. to recall them.
    2. richiamáre.
    1. All men
    2. tutto uómo
    1. desire riches,
    2. desideráre ricchézze
    1. but all do not use
    2. ma tutto non ne usano
    1. riches rightly;
    2. bene
    1. when they are come to
    2. quando avére acquistato
    1. honours and wealth,
    2. onóre opulénza
    1. they are still greedy
    2. ancóra avído
    1. to heap up more.
    2. accumuláre
    1. He who
    1. desires
    2. desideráre
    1. nothing,
    2. niente
    1. wants nothing:
    2. avér bisógno
    1. it is a wise man’s part
    2. sávio uómo
    1. to restrain his desires.
    2. dovére moderáre desidério.

The Impersonal Verb impórta, requires a Dative Case.

    1. It much concerns
    2. molto impórta
    1. young people
    2. gioventù
    1. to avoid bad company,
    2. schiváre cattívo compagnía
    1. as they would
    2. come
    1. beware of the plague;
    2. guardársi peste
    1. it is more hurtful
    2. nuocévole
    1. to the mind,
    2. spirito
    1. than the most contagious disease
    2. contagióso malattía
    1. to the body.
    2. corpo.
    1. It concerns me,
    2. impórta
    1. and all men
    2. tutto
    1. to look to ourselves;
    2. badáre
    1. the world is full of
    2. mondo piéno
    1. knaves and knavery.
    2. furbo furbéria
    1. It is hard to be known,
    2. diffícile sapére
    1. and he is hard to be found,
    2. trováre
    1. who is fit to be trusted.
    2. fidársi.
    1. The greatest caution
    2. grande cautéla
    1. is to be used
    2. adopráre
    1. in the presence of children;
    2. presénza ragázzo
    1. masters must
    2. maéstro dovére
    1. behave themselves
    2. comportársi
    1. very warily,
    2. prudentémente
    1. lest scholars learn evil of them;
    2. per timóre che scoláro imparáre del male
    1. and it greatly concerns
    2. molto impórta
    1. boys
    2. gióvane
    1. to imitate
    2. imitáre
    1. their master’s virtues.
    2. maéstro virtù.

When the word to speak, is joined with truth, it is expressed in Italian by dire.

    1. You promised me
    2. prométtere
    1. several times
    2. spesse volta
    1. you would be diligent,
    2. éssere diligénte
    1. and that you would never
    2. mai
    1. keep bad company;
    2. praticáre cattívo compagnia
    1. I perceive that
    2. accorgérsi
    1. you do not speak always the truth, for
    2. dire sempre verità
    1. I met you to-day
    2. incontráre oggi
    1. with a man
    2. con uómo
    1. whose company
    2. compagnía
    1. I forbade you.
    2. proibíre
    1. A man who
    2. uno
    1. does not delight in
    2. amáre
    1. speaking always the truth,
    2. dire sempre verità
    1. is unworthy of
    2. indégno
    1. enjoying the society of
    2. godére società
    1. honest people.
    2. onésto gente.

When in English a period begins by these words, I wish, I would, we express them thus in Italian, vorréi potér, with the following Verb in the Infinitive Mood.

    1. I wish I could
    2. potére
    1. serve you,
    2. servire
    1. I would do it
    2. fare
    1. with all my heart.
    2. tutto cuóre.
    1. I wish I could
    1. see
    2. vedére
    1. your sister,
    2. sorélla
    1. I would give her
    2. dare
    1. something
    2. qualche cosa
    1. that was sent to me
    2. éssere mandáto
    1. for her.
    1. I wish I could
    1. speak Italian
    2. parláre Italiáno
    1. as well as you do,
    1. it would be
    2. éssere
    1. a great satisfaction
    2. grande soddisfazióne
    1. to me.
    1. I wish I could
    1. do
    2. fare
    1. what you desire of me,
    2. desideráre
    1. I would not refuse it you.
    2. ricusáre.
    1. I wish I could
    1. be reconciled with
    2. éssere riconciliáto
    1. your brother,
    2. fratéllo
    1. for
    2. perchè
    1. he is
    1. an honest man.
    2. galantuómo.
    1. I wish I could
    1. go into the country
    2. andáre campágna
    1. with you,
    1. I would not return soon
    2. ritornáre presto
    1. to town,
    2. città
    1. for I would visit
    2. andar a visitáre
    1. all my friends
    2. tutto amíco
    1. who are there.
    1. I wish I could
    1. follow
    2. seguíre
    1. your example,
    2. esémpio
    1. I would live
    1. better than I do.
    2. meglio.

Ought and must are to be rendered in Italian by the Present of the Indicative of the Verb dovere, and are not Impersonal.