B. subau´reus Pk.—sub and aureus, golden. (Plate CXIV, fig. 2, p. 414.) Pileus convex or nearly plane, viscose, pale-yellow, sometimes adorned with darker spots, the young margin slightly grayish-tomentose. Flesh pale-yellow. Tubes small or medium; somewhat angular, adnate or subdecurrent, pale-yellow becoming dingy-ochraceous. Stem equal, stout, glandular-dotted, yellow without and within. Spores oblong or subfusiform, ochraceo-ferruginous, 8–10×4µ.

Pileus 2–4 in. broad. Stem 1.5–2.5 in. long, 4–6 lines thick.

Thin woods and open places. New York, Peck; North Carolina, C.J. Curtis; Massachusetts, Mississippi, G. Survey (Rep. 51).

This plant might almost be considered a stout variety of the preceding, but in addition to its thicker pileus and stouter stem, it has smaller tubes of a clearer yellow color, and the exuding drops are yellow, not whitish, as in that species. In habit it appears more like B. granulatus, from which it is distinct in color. Peck, Boleti of the U.S.

From early October, through heavy frosts and until long after November snows I found this species at Mt. Gretna, Pa., in 1897–1898. Specimens were sent to Professor Peck and identified as this species. It grew in grass on borders of woods, or gravelly ground, sometimes among pine needles. Large troops of it were frequent, and tufts containing many individuals were common.

I regard B. subaureus as among the most valuable of our food species. Its plentifulness, lateness, excellent quality will commend it to all Mycophagists. It can be cooked in any way. The tubes need not be removed.

B. hirtel´lus Pk.—slightly hairy. Pileus broadly convex, soft, viscose, golden-yellow, adorned with small tufts of hairs or fibrils. Flesh pale-yellow. Tubes adnate, medium size, angular, becoming dingy-ochraceous. Stem subcespitose, equal, stout, glandular dotted, yellow. Spores pale, ochraceous-brown, 9–10×4µ.

Pileus 2–4 in. broad. Stem 2–3 in. long, 4–6 lines thick.

Sandy soil under pine trees. New York, Peck.

This species is very rare and was formerly confused with the preceding from which it is separated by the hairy adornment of the pileus and the darker, more brown color of the spores. Peck, Boleti of the U.S.

B. punc´tipes Pk.—punctum, a dot; pes, a foot. Pileus convex or nearly plane, glutinous when moist, yellow, the thin margin at first minutely grayish-pulverulent, becoming recurved with age. Tubes short, nearly plane, adnate, small, subrotund, at first brownish, then sordid-ochraceous. Stem rather long, tapering upward, grandular-dotted, rhubarb-yellow. Spores 9–10×4–5µ.

Pileus 2–3 in. broad. Stem 2–3 in. long, 3–5 lines thick. Mixed woods. New York, Peck.

The rhubarb-colored stem and the brownish color of the young hymenium are the distinguishing features of this species. The glandules occur also on the tubes. The species is rare. Peck, Boleti of the U.S.

Not seen by Professor Peck since its discovery in 1878.

Spores when first dropped are olive-green on white paper, but the green hue soon changes to brownish-ochraceous. Peck, 44th Rep. N. Y. State Bot.

Ontario, Prof. Dearness (Lloyd, R. 4).

B. al´bus Pk.—white. Pileus convex, viscid when moist, white. Flesh white or yellowish. Tubes plane, small or medium, subrotund, adnate, whitish, becoming yellow or ochraceous. Stem equal or slightly tapering downward, both it and the tubes glandular-dotted, white, sometimes tinged with pink toward the base. Spores ochraceous, subfusiform, 8–9×4µ.

Pileus 1.5–3 in. broad. Stem 1.5–3 in. long, 3–5 lines thick.

Woods, especially of pine or hemlock. New York, Peck; New England, Frost.

This species is easily known by its white pileus, but its color is lost in drying. Sometimes the fresh plant emits a peculiar fetid odor. Peck, Boleti of the U.S.

B. granula´tus—granula, a granule. Pileus convex or nearly plane, very viscid or glutinous and rusty-brown when moist, yellowish when dry. Flesh pale-yellowish. Tubes short, adnate, yellowish, their mouths simple, granulated. Stem dotted with glandules above, pale-yellowish. Spores spindle-shaped, yellowish-orange, 7.5–10×2–3µ.

Pileus 1.5–4 in. broad. Stem 1–2 in. long, 4–6 lines thick.

Woods, especially of pine and in open places under or near pine trees. Very common.

The plant is generally gregarious and sometimes grows in circles, whence the name B. circinans Pers. Occasionally it is cespitose. The pileus is very variable in color—pinkish-gray, reddish-brown, yellowish-gray, tawny-ferruginous or brownish—and is sometimes obscurely spotted by the drying gluten. The flesh is rather thick and often almost white, except near the tubes, where it is tinged with yellow. The tubes are small, at first almost white or very pale-yellow, but they become dingy-ochraceous with age. The stem is generally short, stout and firm, whitish-pallid or yellowish, and often dotted to the base, though the glandules are more numerous and distinct on the upper part. Peck, Boleti of the U.S.

B. granulatus is of frequent and general occurrence. I have found it in the pine woods of New Jersey, North Carolina, Pennsylvania and West Virginia, and in West Virginia and Pennsylvania in mixed woods.

It is a late-growing species, appearing in September and continuing until frost.

All authors, with one exception (Gillet), give the species as edible. From frequent and copious testings, the writer vouches for its edibility and excellence. It bears favorable comparison with any of the late Boleti.

B. bre´vipes Pk.—brevis, short; pes, foot. Pileus thick, convex, covered with a thick, tough gluten when young or moist, dark chestnut color, sometimes fading to dingy-tawny, the margin inflexed. Flesh white or tinged with yellow. Tubes short, nearly plane, adnate or slightly depressed around the stem, small, subrotund, at first whitish becoming dingy-ochraceous. Stem whitish, not dotted or rarely with a few very minute inconspicuous dots at the apex, very short. Spores subfusiform, 7.5×3µ.

Pileus 1.5–2.5 in. broad. Stem .5–1 in. long, 3–5 lines thick.

Sandy soil in pine groves and woods. New England, Frost; New York, Peck.

The species is closely related to B. granulatus, from which it differs especially in its darker colored pileus, more copious gluten, shorter stem and the almost entire absence of granules from the tube mouths and stem. In the rare instances in which these are present they are extremely minute and inconspicuous. The plant occurs very late in the season and the pileus appears as if enveloped in slime and resting stemless on the ground. Peck, Boleti of the U.S.

Specimens found in pine woods of New Jersey, identified by Professor Peck. Lambertville, N.J., C.S. Ridgway; Haddonfield, N.J., T.J. Collins; Pleasantville, Isaac F. Shaner.

B. brevipes is a disreputable, dirty, tramp-looking fungus, from which the collector would expect no good. Nevertheless, when it has had a good scrubbing it becomes respectable and is sweet, tender, good eating. When other species abound, it does not pay for the cleansing.

B. collini´tus Fr.—collino, to besmear. Pileus convex, even, becoming pale when the brown gluten separates. Flesh white. Tubes adnate, elongated, naked, the mouths two-parted, pallid, becoming yellow. Stem firm, often tapering downward, somewhat reticulate with appressed squamules, white, becoming brown.

Woods of pine or fir. North Carolina, Curtis; New England, Frost.

I have seen no specimens of this apparently rare species. It is said to be solitary in its mode of growth and to resemble B. luteus in size and color, but to be distinct from it by its ringless, dotless stem. Dr. Curtis records it as edible. Peck, Boleti of the U.S.

I found three specimens at Haddonfield, N.J., October, 1897, under scrub pines. Cap 2½ in. across, convex, gibbous; stem equal, 2½ in. long, ½ in. in diameter, slightly tapering at base. The two-parted mouths to the tubes were very distinct. The stems were tough, but the caps, washed and fried, were good.

B. di´chrous Ellis. Pileus convex, viscose, dull red. Flesh soft, dull, yellowish-white, changing to greenish-blue where wounded, finally yellow. Tubes subdepressed around the stem, large, unequal, straw-colored, changing color like the flesh where wounded. Stem thickened below, solid, covered with a red scaly coat, except at the yellow apex, yellow within. Spores elliptical, slightly bent at one end, 2µ long.

Pileus 2–3 in. broad. Stem 3 in. long, 6 lines thick.

Dry soil in oak and pine woods. New Jersey. Ellis.

I have seen no specimens of this species. From the description, its affinities appear to be with B. bicolor, but it is placed here because of its viscose pileus. Peck, Boleti of the U.S.

B. ba´dius Fr.—bay-brown. Pileus convex, even, soft, viscose or glutinous, shining when dry, tawny-chestnut. Flesh whitish, tinged with yellow, bluish next the tubes. Tubes large, angular, long, adnate or sinuate-depressed, whitish-yellow, becoming tinged with green. Stem subequal, even, solid, paler, brown-pruinate. Spores fusoid-oblong.

Pileus 2–3 in. broad. Stem 2–4 in. long, 3–5 lines thick.

Woods, especially of pine. New York, Peck; Minnesota, Johnson; Wisconsin, Bundy; Nova Scotia, Somers.

In the American plant the spores are 10–12×4–5µ.

Cordier classes it among the edible species. Peck, Boleti of the United States.

B. mi´tis Krombh.—mild. Pileus convex, then plane or depressed, firm, viscid, yellowish-flesh color, reddish-rust color when dry. Flesh pale, grayish-yellow. Tubes short, olivaceous or golden-yellow, their mouths compound, angular, unequal. Stem firm, short, even, narrowed toward the base, colored like the pileus. Spores 12–14×4µ.

Pileus 2–2.5 in. broad. Stem 2–2.5 in. long.

Mixed woods. New England, Frost.

This species is unknown to me and is recorded by Mr. Frost only. Peck, Boleti of the United States.

B. uni´color Frost MS. Pileus broadly convex or nearly plane, viscid when moist, even, sometimes streaked as if with minute innate brown fibrils, pale-yellow. Flesh pale-yellow. Tubes adnate or slightly decurrent, rather short, compound, lemon-yellow, becoming darker with age. Stem even, equal or narrowed toward the base, colored like the pileus. Spores reddish-yellow, 9–11×4µ.

Pileus 2–4 in. broad. Stem 2 in. long, 4–6 lines thick.

Pine woods and open sedgy places. New England, Frost.

Specimens not seen. The species seems too near B. bovinus, of which it may possibly be a variety, but its yellow flesh and the colors ascribed to the tubes and spores require its separation. Rev. C.J. Curtis sends notes of a species found by him in North Carolina, which agree with this in its characters so far as noted. Peck, Boleti of the U.S.

B. ignora´tus Pk. Pileus convex, viscid, bright lemon-color, marked with wrinkled lines of orange color, which are distributed over the pileus, giving it a streaked appearance. Flesh white, solid, does not change color when cut or broken; taste slightly acid. Pores lemon-color, moderately large, free, connected with the stem by web-like filaments. Stem larger at the apex, somewhat tapering toward the base, yellow, smooth, solid. Spores 4.5×11µ.

This closely approaches Boletus unicolor Fr., from which it scarcely differs except in its white flesh and free tubes. Fungi of Maryland, Mary E. Banning. Peck, 44th Rep. N.Y. State Bot.

B. bovi´nus—bos, an ox. Pileus nearly plane, glabrous, viscid, pale yellow. Flesh white. Tubes very short, subdecurrent, their mouths compound, pale yellow or grayish, becoming rust-colored. Stem equal, even, colored like the pileus. Spores fusiform, dingy greenish-ocher, 7.5–10×3–4µ.

Pileus 2–3 in. broad. Stem 1.5–2 in. long, sometimes cespitose.

Pine woods. North Carolina, Schweinitz, Curtis; Pennsylvania, Schweinitz; New England, Frost, Palmer, Bennett, Sprague, Farlow; California, H. and M.

The shallow tubes, 2–3 lines long, are said to resemble the pores of Merulius lacrymans. The species is recorded edible by Curtis, Gillet and Palmer. Peck, Boleti of the U.S.

West Virginia mountains under hemlocks, 1882–1885, and near Haddonfield, N.J., under pines. McIlvaine, 1892. Gregarious and in clusters. The pore surface was in some specimens broadly wrinkled.

Smell and taste pleasant. Cooked, the quality is of the best in Boleti.

B. rubinel´lus Pk.—dim. of ruber, red. Pileus broadly conical or convex, viscid when moist, subtomentose or slightly pubescent when dry, red fading to yellow on the margin. Flesh whitish or yellowish, taste mild. Tubes adnate or slightly depressed around the stem, dingy-reddish, becoming subferruginous. Stem equal, slender, even, colored like the tubes, yellow within, sometimes yellow at the base. Spores oblong-fusiform, ferruginous-brown, 12.5–15×4µ.

Pileus 1–2 in. broad. Stem 1–2 in. long, 1–3 lines thick.

Mixed woods or under or near coniferous trees in open places. New York, Peck. Peck, Boleti of the U.S.

B. pipera´tus Bull.—piper, pepper. Pileus convex or nearly plane, glabrous, slightly viscid when moist, yellowish, cinnamon or subferruginous. Flesh white or yellowish, taste acrid, peppery. Tubes rather long and large, angular, often unequal, plane or convex, adnate or subdecurrent, reddish-rust color. Stem slender, subequal, tawny-yellow, bright yellow at the base. Spores subfusiform, ferruginous-brown, 9–11×4µ.

Pileus 1–3 in. broad. Stem 1.5–3 in. long, 2–4 lines thick.

Woods and open places. Common and variable.

This species may easily be recognized by its peppery flavor. The pileus sometimes appears as if slightly tomentose, and both this and the preceding species recede from the character of the tribe by the slight viscidity of the pileus. This is sometimes cracked into areas and sometimes the margin is very obtuse by the elongation of the tubes. Peck, Boleti of the U.S.

Haddonfield, N.J., 1892. McIlvaine.

This fungus is reckoned poisonous by Stevenson. Massee gives its taste as very hot. The taste of the American plant is peppery but not offensively so. This pepperiness it loses in cooking. It has been eaten by the writer and his friends with enjoyment and without any discomfort.

B. subsanguin´eus Pk.—sub and sanguineus, bloody. (Plate CXVI, fig. 4, p. 420.) Pileus convex or slightly depressed in the center, glabrous, viscid, bright-red or scarlet. Flesh thick, firm but flexible, white, slowly changing to a pale brownish-lilac on exposure to the air, taste slightly bitter. Tubes very short, 2–4 mm. long, adnate, but often separating from the stem with the expansion of the pileus, reddish, the mouths minute, stuffed at first, pinkish, then brownish-yellow, changing to a light-brown where wounded. Stem short, thick, uneven, often tapering downward, streaked with red, pale-yellow at the top, white at the base, marked at the top by the decurrent walls of the tubes.

Pileus 2.5–10 cm. broad. Stem 2.5–5 cm. long, 2–4 cm. thick.

Solitary, gregarious or cespitose. Under beech trees. West Philadelphia, Pa. August. C. McIlvaine.

This is a very showy species, easily recognized by its bright-red viscid pileus and its short, thick and uneven or somewhat lacunose stem. It is closely related to the European B. sanguineus With., from which it is separated by its minute tubes, its uneven stem and the brownish hues assumed where wounded.

The spore characters of this and the four succeeding species are unknown, but the other characters are quite distinctive and apparently sufficient for the recognition of the species. The descriptions have been derived from colored figures and other data furnished by Mr. McIlvaine, who says all are edible. Peck, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, No. 27.

When slowly stewed for thirty minutes, there is no better Boletus.

Pulverulenti.

Pileus clothed with a yellow dust or a yellow powdery down. Stem more or less yellow powdered, neither bulbous nor distinctly reticulated.

The species which constitute this tribe are easily distinguished from all others by the sulphur-colored pulverulence which coats the pileus and stem like a universal veil. They appear thus far to be peculiar to this country. Though strongly resembling each other in the tribal character they are very diverse in other respects. One species, by its viscidity, connects with the preceding tribe; another by its differently colored tube mouths is related to the Luridi; and the third is peculiar in its ligneous habitat.

B. hemichry´sus B. and C.—half-golden. Pileus convex, at length plane or irregularly depressed, floccose-squamulose, covered with a yellow powder, sometimes cracked, bright golden-yellow. Flesh thick, yellow. Tubes adnate or decurrent, yellow, becoming reddish-brown, the mouths large, angular. Stem short, irregular, narrowed below, sprinkled with a yellow dust, yellowish tinged with red; mycelium yellow. Spores oblong, minute, dingy-ochraceous.

Var. muta´bilis. Flesh slightly changing to blue where wounded. Stem reddish, yellow within, sometimes eccentric. Spores oblong-elliptical, 7.5–9×3–4µ.

Pileus 1.5–2.5 in. broad. Stem about 1 in. long, 3–6 lines thick.

Roots of pine, Pinus palustris. The variety on stumps of Pinus strobus.

South Carolina, Ravenel; North Carolina, Curtis; New York, Peck.

The species is remarkable for its habitat, which is lignicolous. The New York variety grew on a stump of white pine. By its eccentric stem it connects this genus with Boletinus, through Boletinus porosus. According to the authors of this species it resembles Boletus variegatus. Peck, Boleti of the U.S.

B. Ravenel´ii B. and C.—after Ravenel. Pileus convex or nearly plane, slightly viscid when young or moist, covered with a sulphur-yellow powdery down, becoming naked and dull-red on the disk. Flesh whitish. Tubes at first plane, adnate, pale-yellow, becoming yellowish-brown or umber, dingy-greenish where bruised, the mouths large or medium size, subrotund. Stem nearly equal, clothed and colored like the young pileus, yellow within, with a slight evanescent webby or tomentose ring. Spores ochraceous-brown, 10–12×5–6µ.

Pileus 1–3 in. broad. Stem 1.5–4 in. long, 3–6 lines thick.

Woods and copses. South Carolina, Ravenel; North Carolina, Curtis; New York, Peck; New England, Frost.

This is a very distinct and very beautiful species. Mr. Ravenel remarks in his notes that “this plant is not infested by larvæ and preserves more constant characters than any other Boletus with which I am acquainted.” The webby powdered filaments constitute a universal veil which at first covers the whole plant and conceals the young tubes. As the pileus expands this generally disappears from the disk, and, separating between the margin and the stem, a part adheres to each. The flesh is sometimes stained with yellow. The tubes in some instances become convex and slightly depressed around the stem. They are almost white when young, and often exhibit brownish hues where wounded. The plant is sometimes cespitose. I have observed a greenish tint to the freshly shed spores, but it soon disappears. Boletus subchromeus Frost Ms. is this species. Peck, Boleti of the U.S.

B. auriflam´meus B. and C.—flaming yellow. Pileus convex, dry, powdered, bright golden-yellow. Flesh white, unchangeable. Tubes plane or convex, free, yellow, their broad angular mouths scarlet. Stem slightly tapering upward, powdered, colored like the pileus. Spores 10–12.5×5µ.

Pileus 8–12 lines broad. Stem 1–1.5 in. long.

Woods. North Carolina, Curtis; New York, Peck.

This is evidently a rare species and as beautiful as it is rare. The whole plant is bright-yellow except the tube mouths, and is sprinkled with yellow dust or minute yellow branny particles. In the New York specimen the scarlet color is wanting in the marginal tube mouths and the stem is marked with fine subreticulating elevated lines. In other respects it agrees well with the diagnosis of the species. Peck, Boleti of the U.S.

Subpruinosi—sub, pruina, hoar frost.

Pileus glabrous, but more often pruinose. Tubes adnate, yellowish. Stem equal, even, neither bulbous nor reticulated.

The species of this tribe have the pileus neither viscid nor distinctly and permanently tomentose. Typically it is glabrous or merely pruinose, but Fries has admitted into the group one species with a pulverulent, and one with a silky pileus. The species are not sharply distinguished from those of the following tribes, and possibly some have been admitted here which might as well have been placed there. Some of the species are variable in color and their characters are not sufficiently well known.

B. minia´to-oliva´ceus Frost—olive-red. Pileus at first convex and firm, then nearly plane, soft and spongy, glabrous, vermilion, becoming olivaceous. Flesh pale-yellow, changing to blue where wounded. Tubes bright lemon-yellow, adnate or subdecurrent. Stem glabrous, enlarged at the top, pale-yellow, brighter within, sometimes lurid at the base. Spores 12.5×6µ.

Var. sensi´bilis (Boletus sensibilis Rep. 32, p. 33).

Pileus at first pruinose-tomentose, red, becoming glabrous and ochraceous-red with age. Tubes bright-yellow tinged with green, becoming sordid-yellow. Stem lemon-yellow with red or rhubarb stains at the base, contracted at the top when young, subcespitose. Spores 10–12.5×4–5µ.

Pileus 2–6 in. broad. Stem 3–4 in. long, 3–6 lines thick.

Woods and their borders. New England, Frost; New York, Peck.

Though the sensitive Boletus differs considerably in some respects from the olive-red Boletus, it is probably only a variety, and as such I have subjoined it here. In it every part of the plant quickly changes to blue where wounded, and even the pressure of the fingers in handling the fresh specimens is sufficient to induce this change of color. I have not found the typical plant in New York, but specimens received from Mr. Frost are not, in the dry state, distinguishable from the variety. Peck, Boleti of the U.S.

Indiana, H.I. Miller; West Virginia. Haddonfield, N.J. Cheltenham, Pa., McIlvaine.

Years ago I marked it edible and excellent when young. My friends have eaten it, and continue to do so. Yet Professor Peck (48th Rep., p. 202) reports a case brought to his notice of an entire family being sickened by eating B. sensibilis. All recovered. It may, therefore, be one of those species which, while disagreeing with some persons, can be eaten by the majority. Clitocybe illudens, Lepiota Morgani and others of the Agaricaceæ are such species.

B. bi´color Pk.—two-color. (Plate CXVII, figs. 1, 2, p. 424.) Pileus convex, glabrous or merely pruinose-tomentose, dark-red, firm, becoming soft, paler and sometimes spotted or stained with yellow when old. Flesh yellow, not at all or but slightly and slowly changing to blue where wounded. Tubes nearly plane, adnate, bright-yellow, becoming ochraceous, slowly changing to blue where wounded, their mouths small, angular or subrotund. Stem subequal, firm, solid, red, generally yellow at the top. Spores pale, ochraceous-brown, 10–12.5×4–5µ.

Pileus 2–4 in. broad. Stem 1–3 in. long, 4–6 lines thick.

Woods and open places. New York, Peck; Wisconsin, Bundy.

The color of this plant is somewhat variable. In the typical form the pileus and stem are dark red, approaching Indian red, but when old the color of the pileus fades and is often intermingled with yellow. The surface sometimes cracks and becomes cracked in areas. From the European B. Barlæ this species is separated by its solid stem; from B. versicolor by its small tube mouths and its red stem. Peck, Boleti of the U.S.

Plentiful at Mt. Gretna, Pa., July, August, September, 1898, in mixed woods. Very variable in shape and color. Identified by Professor Peck from painting and description.

Fine eating, one of the very best.

B. glabel´lus Pk.—smooth. Pileus fleshy, thick, broadly convex or nearly plane, soft, dry, subglabrous, smoky-buff. Flesh white, both it and the tubes changing to blue where wounded. Tubes nearly plane, adnate, ochraceous, tinged with green, their mouths small, subrotund. Stem subequal, glabrous, even, reddish toward the base, pallid above, with a narrow reddish circumscribing zone or line at the top. Spores oblong, brownish-ochraceous, tinged with green when fresh, 10–12.5×4µ.

Pileus 3–5 in. broad. Stem 1–3 in. long, 5–10 lines thick.

Grassy ground under oaks. New York, Peck.

The species is well marked by the reddish band or line on the stem just below the tubes, but this disappears in drying. Peck, Boleti of the U.S.

B. aluta´ceus Morgan—yellowish. Pileus cushion-shaped, glabrous, alutaceous with a tinge of red. Flesh white, inclining to reddish. Tubes semifree, medium in size, unequal, angular, greenish-yellow. Stem nearly equal, striate, reticulate at the apex, colored like the pileus. Spores fusiform, brownish-olive, 12.5×5µ.

Pileus 3 in. broad.

Rocky woods of oak and chestnut. Kentucky, Morgan.

The general aspect of the figure of this species recalls some of the forms of Boletus subtomentosus. The tubes are nearly equal in length to the thickness of the flesh of the pileus. Peck, Boleti of the U.S.

Quite frequent at Mt. Gretna, Pa., in mixed woods, principally oak and chestnut.

Stem should be removed, and tubes when old. It cooks well and is especially good.

B. tenui´culus Frost—thin. Pileus nearly plane, thin, lurid-red on a yellow ground. Flesh unchangeable. Tubes short, adnate, small, golden-yellow. Stem slender, equal, colored like the pileus. Spores 10×6µ.

Pileus 1–2 in. broad. Stem 4–6 in. long.

Woods. New England. Frost.

The thin pileus and long slender stem readily distinguish this species. Peck, Boleti of the U.S.

B. auri´porus Pk.—golden-pore. Pileus convex or nearly plane, glabrous or merely pruinose-tomentose, grayish-brown, yellowish-brown, or reddish-brown. Flesh white, unchangeable. Tubes plane or slightly depressed around the stem, adnate or subdecurrent, bright golden-yellow, retaining their color when dried. Stem equal or slightly thickened at the base, viscid or glutinous when moist, especially toward the base, colored like or a little paler than the pileus. Spores 7.5–10×4–5µ.

Pileus 1–3 in. broad. Stem 1–3 in. long, 2–4 lines thick.

Thin woods and shaded banks. New York, Peck; New England, Frost.

This species is remarkable for the rich yellow color of the tubes, which is retained unchanged in the dried specimens, and for the viscid stem. This character, however, is not noticeable in dry weather and was overlooked in the original specimens.

Boletus glutinipes Frost Ms. is not distinct. Peck, Boleti of the U.S.

Hopkins' Woods, Haddonfield, N.J. Grassy oak woods. 1891–1894. McIlvaine.

The caps are delicious.

B. innix´us Frost. Pileus convex or nearly plane, glabrous, yellowish-brown, slightly cracked in areas when old, yellow in the interstices. Flesh white. Tubes adnate, lemon-yellow, unchangeable. Stem slender, short, much thickened at the base in large specimens, yellowish, streaked with brown, brownish within. Spores 10×5µ.

Grassy woods. New England. Frost.

The whole plant often reclines as if for support, Peck, Boleti of the U.S.

B. parasi´ticus Bull.—a parasite. Pileus convex or nearly plane, dry, silky, becoming glabrous, soon tessellately cracked, grayish or dingy-yellow. Tubes decurrent, medium size, golden yellow. Stem equal, rigid, incurved, yellow without and within. Spores oblong-fusiform, pale-brown, 12.5–15×4µ.

Pileus 1–2 in. broad. Stem 1–2 in. long, 2–4 lines thick.

Parasitic on species of Scleroderma. New York, Gerard; New England, Sprague, Bennett.

This species is very rare in this country. It is remarkable for its peculiar habitat. Peck, Boleti of the U.S.

New York, Lydia M. Patchen; Westfield, on Scleroderma vulgare.

I found many specimens of this rare species during August, 1897, growing on Scleroderma vulgare.

Professor Peck, to whom I sent specimens, identified them as B. parasiticus. The tubes were large, unequal, dissepiments thin, decurrent. The Sclerodermas frequently appear to be parasitic upon the Boletus. I have seen the host plant thrown entirely free from the ground by the Boletus.

B. parasiticus is edible, but it is not of agreeable flavor.

B. dictyoceph´alus Pk.—reticulate. Pileus convex, glabrous, reticulate with brown lines beneath the thin separable cuticle, brownish-orange, darker in the center and there tinged with pink. Flesh white, unchangeable. Tubes nearly plane, slightly depressed around the stem, grayish-yellow, becoming brown where bruised. Stem equal or slightly tapering at the top, solid, rimose, dotted with scales, lemon-yellow, darker toward the base. Spores 15–20×6µ.

Pileus 2.5 in. broad. Stem 3–4 in. long, 5–6 lines thick.

Mixed woods. North Carolina. C.J. Curtis.

The description here given has been derived from a single dried specimen and from the notes kindly sent by Mr. Curtis. The species is apparently well marked and very distinct by the peculiar reticulations of the pileus. Peck, Boleti of the U.S.

B. subgla´bripes Pk.—rather smooth. Pileus convex or nearly plane, glabrous, reddish inclining to chestnut color. Flesh white, unchangeable. Tubes adnate, nearly plane in the mass, pale yellow, becoming convex and darker or greenish-yellow with age, the mouths small, subrotund. Stem equal, solid, scurfy, pale yellow. Spores oblong-fusiform, 12.5–15×4–5µ.

The smoothish-stemmed Boletus is well marked by its cylindric minutely scurfy stem which is colored like the tubes. Its cap is smooth and nearly always some shade of red or bay. Specimens occur occasionally in which it approaches grayish-brown or wood-brown. The flesh is white and unchangeable when cut or broken.

The tubes at first have a nearly plane surface, but this becomes somewhat convex with age, and slightly depressed around the stem. The tube mouths are small and nearly round. The color of the tubes is at first a beautiful pale yellow, but it becomes darker or slightly greenish-yellow with age.

The stem is colored very nearly like the tubes, but sometimes it has a slight reddish tint toward the base. Its peculiar feature consists of the minute, branny particles upon it. They are so small and pale that they are easily overlooked.

There is a variety in which the cap is corrugated or irregularly pitted and wrinkled. Its name is Boletus subglabripes corrugis Pk.

The cap is 1½-4 in. broad, the stem is 2–3 in. long and 4–8 lines thick. The plants are found in woods in July and August. Peck, 51st Rep. N.Y. State Bot.

B. pal´lidus Frost—pale. (Plate CXVII, fig. 4, p. 424.) Pileus convex, becoming plane or centrally depressed, soft, glabrous, pallid or brownish-white, sometimes tinged with red. Flesh white. Tubes plane or slightly depressed around the stem, nearly adnate, very pale or whitish-yellow, becoming darker with age, changing to blue where wounded, the mouths small. Stem equal or slightly thickened toward the base, rather long, glabrous, often flexuous, whitish, sometimes streaked with brown, often tinged with red within. Spores pale ochraceous-brown, 10–12×5–6µ.

Pileus 2–4 in. broad. Stem 3–5 lines long, 4–8 lines thick.

Woods. New England, Frost; New York, Peck.

The species is readily recognized by its dull pale color, rather long stem, and tubes changing to blue where wounded. Peck, Boleti of the U.S.

Common in West Virginia mountains, Angora, West Philadelphia, Mt. Gretna, Pa. Solitary, on ground in mixed woods.

The caps are tender and delicately flavored.

B. rubropunc´tus Pk.—red-dotted. (Plate CXVII, fig. 3, p. 424.) Pileus convex, glabrous, reddish-brown. Flesh yellowish, unchangeable. Tubes nearly plane, depressed about the stem, their mouths small, round, bright golden-yellow, not changing color where bruised. Stem firm, solid, tapering upward, yellow, punctate with reddish dots or squamules. Spores olive-green, 12.5×4–5µ.

Pileus 1–2 in. broad. Stem 1–2 in. long, 3–6 lines thick.

Woods. Port Jefferson. July. Cold Spring Harbor, H.C. Beardslee.

This is a pretty Boletus, well marked by the red dots of the stem. It is apparently a very rare species. B. radicans is said to have the stem sprinkled with red particles, but that is a larger plant with the margin of the pileus persistently involute or incurved and with a radicating stem, characters which are not shown by our fungus. Peck, 50th Rep. N.Y. State Bot.

I found my specimens at Mt. Gretna, Pa., August-September, 1898.

Identified for the writer by Professor Peck from painting and description.

Taste and smell slight. Cooks well and is pleasant to the taste. The tubes should be removed.

Subtomento´si—sub, tomentosus, downy.

Pileus when young villose or subtomentose, rarely becoming glabrous with age, destitute of a viscid pellicle. Tubes of one color, adnate. Stem at first extended, neither bulbous nor reticulated with veins, wrinkled or striated in some species. Flesh in some changing color where wounded.

The tubes are generally yellow or greenish-yellow. In some species they are occasionally somewhat depressed around the stem, but they do not form a rounded free stratum, nor, with the exception of B. rubeus, are they stuffed when young as in most of the Edules. The species are scarcely separable from those of the preceding tribe except by the more evidently tomentose young pileus.

B. variega´tus Swartz. Pileus at first convex, then plane, obtuse, moist, sprinkled with superficial bundled hairy squamules, dark-yellow, the acute margin at first flocculose. Flesh yellow, here and there becoming blue. Tubes adnate, unequal, minute, brown then cinnamon. Stem firm, equal, even, dark-yellow, sometimes reddish. Spores oblong-ellipsoid, hyaline or very pale-yellowish, 7.5–10×3–4µ.

Pileus 2–5 in. broad. Stem 2–3 in. long, 6 lines thick.

Woods, especially of pine. North Carolina, Curtis, Schweinitz; California, Harkness, Moore; Rhode Island, Bennett. Peck, Boleti of the U.S.

West Virginia mountains, 1882–1885. Haddonfield, N.J., McIlvaine; Doylestown, Pa., Paschall. Quite common on flat benches where hemlocks and spruces have grown.

When the caps are cooked they are sweet, nutty, excellent.

B. Roxa´næ Frost. Pileus broadly convex, at first subtomentose, then covered with red hairs in bundles, yellowish-brown. Flesh yellowish-white. Tubes at first whitish, then light-yellow, arcuate-adnate or slightly depressed around the stem, the mouths small. Stem enlarged toward the base, striate at the apex, yellowish or pale-cinnamon. Spores 10×4µ.

Var. auri´color. Pileus and subequal stem bright-yellow, the tomentum of the pileus yellow.

Pileus 1.5–3 in. broad. Stem 1–2 in. long, 3–5 lines thick.

Borders of woods. New England, Frost; New York, Peck.

Peck, Boleti of the U.S.

B. striæ´pes Secr.—striate stem. Pileus convex or plane, soft, silky, olivaceous, the cuticle rust-color within. Flesh white, yellow next the tubes, sparingly changing to blue. Tubes adnate, greenish, their mouths minute, angular, yellow. Stem firm, curved, marked with brownish-black striations, yellow, velvety and brownish-rufescent at the base. Spores 10–13×4µ.

Pine and oak woods. Minnesota, Johnson.

I have seen no specimens of this species, which is recorded from but one locality in our country. The character—flesh sparingly changing to blue—is given on the authority of Rev. M.J. Berkeley. Peck, Boleti of the U.S.

B. chrysen´teron Fr.—golden within. Pileus convex or plane, soft, floccose-squamulose, often cracked in areas, brown or brick-red. Flesh yellow, red beneath the cuticle, often slightly changing to blue where wounded. Tubes subadnate; greenish-yellow, changing to blue where wounded; their mouths rather large, angular, unequal. Stem subequal, rigid, fibrous-striate, red or pale-yellow. Spores fusiform, pale-brown, 11–12.5×4–5µ.

Pileus 1–3 in. broad. Stem 1–3 in. long, 3–6 lines thick.

Woods and mossy banks.

The species is common and very variable. The color of the pileus may be yellowish-brown, reddish-brown, brick-red, tawny or olivaceous. The subcutaneous reddish tint and the reddish chinks of the cracked pileus are distinguishing features. Wounds of the tubes sometimes become blue then greenish. Authors disagree concerning the edible qualities of this Boletus. Stevenson gives it as edible, but Cordier and Gillet say that it is regarded with suspicion. In one strongly marked form the tubes are decidedly depressed around the stem, in another the flesh is whitish tinged with red. It may be doubted whether these are varieties or distinct species. Peck, Boleti of the U.S.

I have found, and eaten plentifully of this species in West Virginia, North Carolina, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, from July until October. I have no hesitancy in recommending it in all of its varieties. Excepting from very young specimens the tubes and stems should be removed. The flesh is sweet, delicate and toothsome.

B. fumo´sipes Pk. Pileus convex or nearly plane, minutely tomentose, sometimes minutely rivulose, dark olive-brown. Flesh whitish. Tubes at first nearly plane, becoming convex with age, their mouths whitish when young, becoming yellowish-brown, changing to bluish-black where bruised. Stem equal, solid, smoky-brown, minutely scurfy under a lens. Spores purplish-brown, 12.5–15×5–6µ.

Pileus 1–2 in. broad. Stem 1–2 in. long, 3–4 lines thick.

Woods. Port Jefferson. July.

This species resembles small dark-colored forms of B. chrysenteron, and this resemblance is still more noticeable in those specimens in which the pileus cracks in areas, for in these the chinks become red as in that species. The different color of the stem and tubes will at once separate these species. Peck, 50th Rep. N.Y. State Bot.

B. ru´beus Frost—red. Pileus broadly convex, very finely appressed subtomentose, bright brick-red when young, becoming mottled with red and yellow, yellow under the cuticle, the thin margin at first inflexed, then horizontal, curved upward when old. Flesh pale-yellow, changing to blue where wounded. Tubes adnate or slightly depressed around the stem, lemon-yellow and stuffed when young, becoming yellow and sometimes red at the mouths. Stem small, often flexuous, colored like the pileus, reddish within, white-tomentose at the base. Spores 9–12.5×4–5µ.

Pileus 2–4 in. broad. Stem 1–3 in. long, 3–5 lines thick.

Deep woods. Rare. New England, Frost.

This is apparently too closely related to B. chrysenteron, and it also resembles B. bicolor. Peck, Boleti of the U.S.

B. frater´nus Pk. Pileus convex, becoming plane or depressed, slightly tomentose, deep red when young, becoming dull red with age. Flesh yellow, slowly changing to greenish-blue where wounded. Tubes rather long, becoming ventricose, slightly depressed about the stem, their walls sometimes slightly decurrent, the mouths large, angular or irregular, sometimes compound, bright yellow, quickly changing to blue where wounded. Stem short, cespitose, often irregular, solid, subtomentose, slightly velvety at the base, pale reddish-yellow, paler above and below, yellow within, quickly changing to dark green where wounded. Spores 12.5×6µ.

Pileus 1–1.5 in. broad. Stem 1–1.5 in. long, 3–6 lines thick.

Shaded streets. Auburn, Alabama. July. Underwood.

The species is apparently allied to B. rubeus, but is very distinct by its small size, cespitose habit, color of the flesh of the stem and by the peculiar hues assumed where wounded. When the pileus cracks the chinks become yellow as in B. subtomentosus. The species belongs to the tribe Subtomentosi. Peck, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, Vol. 24, No. 3.

B. subtomento´sus L.—sub; tomentosus, downy. Pileus convex or nearly plane, soft, dry, villoso-tomentose, subolivaceous, concolorous beneath the cuticle, often cracked in areas. Flesh white or pallid. Tubes adnate or somewhat depressed around the stem, yellow, their mouths large, angular. Stem stout, somewhat ribbed-sulcate, scabrous or scurfy with minute dots. Spores 10–12.5×4–5µ.

Pileus 1–4 in. broad. Stem 1–2.5 in. long, 2–5 lines thick.

Common and variable. The pileus is usually olivaceous or yellowish-brown, but it may be reddish-brown or tawny-red. When it cracks the chinks become yellow. The species, as I understand it, may be distinguished from its near relative, B. chrysenteron, by its paler flesh, the clearer yellow tubes not changing to blue where wounded, and by the chinks of the pileus becoming yellow. The species is recorded edible by Cordier, Curtis and Palmer. Gillet says it is only medium in quality. Peck, Boleti of the U.S.

Found and eaten in West Virginia, North Carolina, New Jersey, Pennsylvania. Specimens received from Indiana, Minnesota, Alabama. I have not seen any change of color in flesh or tubes. It is common in Woodland Cemetery and Fairmount Park, Philadelphia. If the tubes are not removed the dish is slimy. The B. chrysenteron also makes such a dish when stewed, but fried, and well done, both species are decidedly good.

B. cæspito´sus Pk.—cespitose. Pileus broadly convex or nearly plane, sometimes slightly concave by the elevation of the margin, even, brown or blackish-brown, the margin often a little paler or reddish-brown. Flesh slightly tinged with red. Tubes adnate or slightly decurrent, yellow, their mouths rather large, angular, concolorous. Stem short, even, solid, glabrous, tapering upward, brown or reddish-brown. Spores oblong-elliptic, 10µ long, 5µ broad.

Pileus 1–2.5 cm. broad. Stem 2–2.5 cm. long, 4–6 mm. thick.

Cespitose. Virginia. August. R.S. Phifer.

A small species growing in tufts and referable to the tribe Subtomentosi. The tubes retain their bright yellow color in the dried specimens. Peck, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, January 27, 1900.

Edible qualities not stated.

B. spadi´ceus Schaeff.—nut brown. Pileus convex or plane, moderately compact, dry, tomentose, opaque, date-brown, irregularly cracked. Flesh white, unchangeable, brownish-red above. Tubes adnate, yellow, their mouths minute, subrotund. Stem firm, clavate, even, woolly-scaled, yellow or brownish, yellowish-white within. Spores 12×4µ.

Pileus 2–4 in. broad.

Woods. New England, Frost.

This species is admitted on the authority of Mr. Frost who alone has recorded it in this country. But specimens received from him under this name do not in my opinion belong to it, and its occurrence here is somewhat doubtful. Peck, Boleti of the U.S.

In oak woods near Bartram’s Garden, West Philadelphia, in 1887–1888, I found several Boleti answering the description, exactly, of B. spadiceus. They proved to be good eating.

B. radi´cans Pers.—radix, a root. Pileus convex, dry, subtomentose, olivaceous-cinereus, becoming pale-yellowish, the margin thin, involute. Flesh pale-yellow, instantly changing to dark blue, taste bitterish. Tubes adnate, their mouths large, unequal, lemon-yellow. Stem even, tapering downward and radicating, flocculose with a reddish bloom, pale-yellow, becoming naked and dark with a touch.

Pileus 2–3 in. broad. Stem 2 in. long, 6 lines thick.

Woods. Ohio, Morgan.

Of the American plant Mr. Morgan says that the pileus is quite firm and dry, becomes reddish or brownish-yellow and nearly glabrous, that the flesh is pale-yellow, but that he has not observed any bluish tinge, and that the spores are olive, fusiform, 10–12.5×5µ. Those of the European plant have been described as very pale ocher, almost white, 6µ long, 3µ broad. Peck, Boleti of the U.S.

Near Bryn Mawr, Pa. W.C. Alderson, 1894.

Several specimens brought to me were eaten. The change in color of flesh was instantaneous upon exposure to the air. Taste strong and raw rather than bitterish. The caps alone were cooked, and dish marked “fine.”

B. muta´bilis Morg.—changeable. Jour. Cin. Soc. Nat. Sci., Vol. VII. Pileus convex, then plane or depressed, compact, dry, subtomentose, brown. Flesh bright-yellow, promptly changing to blue where wounded. Tubes adnate or subdecurrent, their mouths large, angular, unequal, some of them compound, yellow changing to greenish yellow and quickly becoming blue where wounded. Stem stout, solid, flexuous, subsulcate, yellowish beneath the brown dot-like scales, bright yellow within. Spores olive, fusiform, 12–13×5µ.