LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
VOL. II.

PAGE
Shoulder-girdle of a Flounder, Paralichthys californicus 2
Palæoniscum frieslebenense 14
Eurynotus crenatus 15
Dorypterus hoffmani 16
Chondrosteus acipenseroides 18
Acipenser sturio, Common Sturgeon 19
Acipenser rubicundus, Lake Sturgeon 20
Scaphirhynchus platyrhynchus, Shovel-nosed Sturgeon 20
Polyodon spathula, Paddle-fish, side-view 21
Polyodon spathula, Paddle-fish, view from below 21
Psephurus gladius 21
Gyrodus hexagonus 22
Mesturus verrucosus 23
Semionotus kapffi 24
Dapedium politum 25
Tetragonolepis semicinctus 26
Isopholis orthostomus 27
Lepisosteus osseus, Long-nosed Garpike 27
Caturus elongatus 28
Notagogus pentlandi 28
Ptycholepis curtus 28
Pholidophorus crenulatus 29
Lepisosteus tristœchus, Alligator-gar 31
Lower Jaw of Amia calva, showing the gular plate 33
Amia calva, Bowfin (female) 35
Megalurus elegantissimus 36
Leptolepis dubius 41
Elops saurus, Ten-pounder 42
Holcolepis lewesiensis 42
Tarpon atlanticus, Tarpon or Grand Écaille 43
Albula vulpes, Lady-fish 44
Chanos chanos, Milkfish 45
Hiodon tergisus, Mooneye 45
Istieus grandis 46
Chirothrix libanicus 46
Skeleton of Portheus molossus 47
Ctenothrissa vexillifera 48
Clupea harengus, Herring 49
Pomolobus pseudoharengus, Alewife 50
Brevoortia tyrannus, Menhaden 51
Diplomystus humilis 52
Dorosoma cepedianum, Hickory-shad 53
Anchovia perthecata, Silver Anchovy 54
Notogoneus osculus 55
Phareodus testis 57
Deposits of Green River Shales, bearing Phareodus, at Fossil, Wyoming 58
A Day's Catch of fossil-fishes, Green River Eocene Shales 59
Alepocephalus agassizii 60
Coregonus williamsoni, Rocky Mountain Whitefish 63
Coregonus clupeiformis, Whitefish 64
Argyrosomus nigripinnis, Bluefin Cisco 66
Stenodus mackenziei, Inconnu 67
Oncorhynchus tschawytscha, Quinnat Salmon (female) 69
Oncorhynchus tschawytscha, King-salmon (grilse) 70
Oncorhynchus nerka, Male Red Salmon 70
Oncorhynchus gorbuscha, Humpback Salmon (female) 72
Oncorhynchus masou, Masu 72
Oncorhynchus nerka, Red Salmon (mutilated dwarf male after spawning) 76
Oncorhynchus tschawytscha, Quinnat Salmon (dying after spawning) 77
Oncorhynchus tschawytscha, Quinnat Salmon 79
Salmo irideus shasta, Rainbow Trout (male) 98
Salmo irideus shasta, Rainbow Trout (female) 99
Salmo rivularis, Steelhead Trout 101
Head of Adult Trout-worm, Dibothrium cordiceps. From intestine of white pelican 103
Median segments of Dibothrium cordiceps 103
Salmo henshawi, Tahoe Trout 104
Salmo stomias, Green-back Trout 105
Salmo macdonaldi, Yellow-fin Trout of Twin Lakes 105
Salmo clarkii spilurus, Rio Grande Trout 106
Salmo clarkii pleuriticus, Colorado River Trout 106
Hucho blackistoni, Ito 107
Salvelinus oquassa, Rangeley Trout 108
Salvelinus aureolus, Sunapee Trout 109
Salvelinus fontinalis, Speckled Trout (male) 110
Salvelinus fontinalis, Speckled Trout 111
Salvelinus malma, Malma Trout 113
Salvelinus malma, Dolly Varden Trout 114
Cristivomer namaycush, Great Lake Trout 114
Plecoglossus altivelis, Ayu, or Japanese Samlet 116
Thymallus signifer, Alaska Grayling 120
Thymallus tricolor, Michigan Grayling 122
Osmerus mordax, Smelt 123
Thaleichthys pretiosus, Eulachon or Ulchen 124
Page of William Clark's Handwriting with Sketch of the Eulachon (Thaleichthys pacificus) 125
Mallotus villosus, Capelin 126
Salanx hyalocranius, Icefish 128
Stomias ferox 128
Chauliodus sloanei 129
Synodus fætens, Lizard-fish 130
Ipnops murrayi 131
Cetomimus gillii 132
Diaphus lucidus, Headlight-fish 132
Myctophum opalinum, Lantern-fish 133
Ceratoscopelus madeirensis, Lantern-fish 133
Rhinellus furcatus 134
Plagyodus ferox, Lancet-fish 135
Eurypholis sulcidens 136
Eurypholis freyeri 137
Argyropelecus olfersi 137
Aldrovandia gracilis 138
Anguilla chrisypa, Common Eel 143
Anguilla chrisypa, Larva of Common Eel 148
Simenchelys parasiticus, Pug-nosed Eel 149
Synaphobranchus pinnatus 149
Leptocephalus conger, Conger-eel 150
Larva of Conger-eel, Leptocephalus conger 150
Xyrias revulsus 151
Myrichthys pantostigmius 151
Ophichthus ocellatus 151
Nemichthys avocetta, Thread-eel 152
Jaws of Nemichthys avocetta 152
Muræna retifera 153
Gymnothorax berndti 154
Gymnothorax jordani 155
Gymnothorax moringa, Moray 155
Derichthys serpentinus 156
Gastrostomus bairdi, Gulper-eel 156
Notacanthus phasganorus 158
Inner view of shoulder-girdle of Buffalo-fish (Ictiobus bubalus), showing the mesocoracoid 160
Weberian apparatus and air-bladder of Carp 160
Brycon dentex 162
Pharyngeal bones and teeth of European Chub, Leuciscus cephalus 163
Rhinichthys dulcis, Black-nosed Dace 164
Notropis hudsonius, White Chub 165
Ericymba buccata, Silver-jaw Minnow 165
Notropis whipplei, Silverfin 166
Campostoma anomalum, Stone-roller 167
Head of Day-chub, Exoglossum maxillingua 167
Semotilus atromaculatus, Horned Dace 168
Abramis chrysoleucus, Shiner 168
Ptychocheilus grandis, Squawfish 169
Leuciscus lineatus, Chub of the Great Basin 169
Lower Pharyngeal of Placopharynx duquesnii 171
Erimyzon sucetta, Creekfish or Chub-sucker 172
Ictiobus cyprinella, Buffalo-fish 173
Carpiodes cyprinus, Carp-sucker 173
Catostomus commersoni, Common Sucker 174
Catostomus occidentalis, California Sucker 174
Pharyngeal teeth of Oregon Sucker, Catostomus macrocheilus 175
Xyrauchen cypho, Razor-back Sucker 175
Felichthys felis, Gaff-topsail Cat 179
Galeichthys milberti, Sea Catfish 179
Ictalurus punctatus, Channel Catfish 180
Ameiurus nebulosus, Horned Pout 181
Schilbeodes furiosus, Mad-tom. Showing the poisoned pectoral spine 182
Torpedo electricus, Electric Catfish 183
Chlarias breviceps, African Catfish 185
Loricaria aurea, Mailed Catfish from Venezuela 186
Gnathonemus curvirostris 189
Esox lucius, Pike 191
Esox masquinongy, Muskallunge 192
Umbra pygmæa, Mud-minnow 193
Anableps dovii, Four-eyed Fish 195
Cyprinodon variegatus, Round Minnow 196
Jordanella floridæ, Everglade Minnow 197
Fundulis majalis, Mayfish (male) 198
Fundulis majalis, Mayfish (female) 198
Zygonectes notatus, Top-minnow 198
Empetrichthys merriami, Death Valley Fish 199
Xiphophorus helleri, Sword-tail Minnow (male) 199
Goodea luitpoldi, a Viviparous Fish 200
Chologaster cornutus, Dismal Swamp Fish 201
Typhlichthys subterraneus, Blind Cave-fish 202
Amblyopsis spelæus, Blindfish of the Mammoth Cave 203
Dallia pectoralis, Alaska Blackfish 206
Tylosurus acus, Needle-fish 210
Scombresox saurus, Saury 212
Hyporhamphus unifasciatus, Halfbeak 212
Fodiator acutus, Sharp-nosed Flying-fish 213
Cypselurus californicus, Catalina Flying-fish 214
Chirostoma humboldtianum, Pescado blanco 217
Kirtlandia vagrans, Silverside or Brit 217
Atherinopsis californiensis, Blue Smelt or Pez del Rey 218
Iso flos-maris, Flower of the Waves 218
Mugil cephalus, Striped Mullet 221
Joturus pichardi, Joturo or Bobo 222
Sphyræna barracuda, Barracuda 223
Cobitopsis acuta 224
Shoulder-girdle of a Threadfin, Polydactylus approximans 225
Polydactylus octonemus, Threadfin 225
Shoulder-girdle of a Stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus 227
Shoulder-girdle of Fistularia petimba, showing greatly extended interclavicle, the surface ossified 227
Gasterosteus aculeatus, Three-spined Stickleback 232
Apeltes quadracus, Four-spined Stickleback 232
Aulostomus chinensis, Trumpet-fish 234
Macrorhamphosus sagifue, Japanese Snipefish 234
Æoliscus strigatus, Shrimp-fish 235
Æoliscus heinrichi 235
Solenostomus cyanopterus 237
Hippocampus hudsonius, Sea-horse 238
Zalises umitengu, Sea-moth 240
Percopsis guttatus, Sand-roller 241
Erismatopterus endlicheri 242
Columbia transmontana, Oregon Trout-perch 242
Shoulder-girdle of the Opah, Lampris guttatus (Brünnich), showing the enlarged infraclavicle 243
LigaturesSemiophorus velifer 246
Amphistium paradoxum 247
Zeus faber, John Dory 248
Skull of a Berycoidfish, Beryx splendens, showing the orbitosphenoid 250
Beryx splendens 251
Hoplopteryx lewesiensis 252
Paratrachichthys prosthemius 253
Holocentrus ascenscionis, Soldier-fish 254
Holocentrus ittodai 254
Ostichthys japonicus 255
Monocentris japonicus, Pine-cone Fish 256
Scomber scombrus, Mackerel 260
Germo alalunga, Long-fin Albacore 263
Scomberomorus maculatus, Spanish Mackerel 264
Trichiurus lepturus, Cutlass-fish 268
Palæorhynchus glarisianus 268
Xiphias gladius, Young Swordfish 269
Xiphias gladius, Swordfish 270
Naucrates ductor, Pilot-fish 273
Seriola lalandi, Amber-fish 273
Trachurus trachurus, Saurel 274
Carangus chrysos, Yellow Mackerel 275
Trachinotus carolinus, the Pampano 277
Cheilodipterus saltatrix, Bluefish 279
Rachycentron canadum, Sergeant-fish 282
Peprilus paru, Harvest-fish 284
Gobiomorus gronovii, Portuguese Man-of-War Fish 285
Coryphæna hippurus, Dolphin or Dorado 287
Mene maculata 288
Gasteronemus rhombeus 289
Pempheris mulleri, Catalufa de lo Alto 289
Pempheris nyctereutes 290
Luvarus imperialis, Louvar 290
Aphredoderus sayanus, Pirate Perch 295
Elassoma evergladei, Everglade Pigmy Perch 295
Skull of the Rock Bass, Ambloplites rupestris 296
Pomoxis annularis, Crappie 297
Pomoxis annularis, Crappie (from life) 298
Ambloplites rupestris, Rock Bass 299
Mesogonistius chætodon, Banded Sunfish 299
Lepomis pallidus, Blue-gill 300
Lepomis megalotis, Long-eared Sunfish 300
Eupomotis gibbosus, Common Sunfish 301
Micropterus dolomieu, Small Mouth Black Bass 303
Micropterus salmoides, Large Mouth Black Bass 305
Perca flavescens, Yellow perch 308
Stizostedion canadense, Sauger 309
Aspro asper, Aspron 309
Zingel zingel, Zingel 310
Percina caprodes, Log-perch 311
Hadropterus aspro, Black-sided Darter 311
Diplesion blennioides, Green-sided Darter 312
Boleosoma olmstedi, Tessellated Darter 312
Crystallaria asprella, Crystal Darter 313
Ammocrypta clara, Sand-darter 313
Etheostoma jordani 314
Etheostoma camurum, Blue-breasted Darter 314
Apogon retrosella, Cardinal-fish 316
Telescopias gilberti, Kuromutsu 318
Apogon semilineatus 319
Oxylabrax undecimalis, Robalo 319
Morone americana, White Perch 322
Promicrops itaiara, Florida Jewfish 323
Epinephelus striatus, Nassau Grouper: Cherna criolla 324
Epinephelus drummond-hayi, John Paw or Speckled Hind 325
Epinephelus morio, Red Grouper 325
Epinephelus adscensionis, Red Hind 326
Mycteroperca venenosa, Yellow-fin Grouper 327
Hypoplectrus unicolor nigricans 328
Epinephelus niveatus, Snowy Grouper 329
Rypticus bistrispinus, Soapfish 330
Lobotes surinamensis, Flasher 331
Priacanthus arenatus, Catalufa 331
Pseudopriacanthus altus, Bigeye 332
Lutianus griseus, Gray Snapper 334
Lutianus apodus, Schoolmaster 335
Hoplopagrus guntheri 336
Lutianus synagris, Lane Snapper or Biajaiba 336
Ocyurus chrysurus, Yellow-tail Snapper 337
Etelis oculatus, Cachucho 337
Xenocys jessiæ 338
Aphareus furcatus 339
Hæmulon plumieri, Grunt 340
Anisotremus virginicus, Porkfish 341
Pagrus major, Red Tai of Japan 342
Ebisu, the Fish-god of Japan, bearing a Red Tai 343
Stenotomus chrysops, Scup 344
Calamus bajonado, Jolt-head Porgy 345
Calamus proridens, Little-head Porgy 345
Diplodus holbrooki 346
Archosargus unimaculatus, Salema, Striped Sheepshead 347
Xystæma cinereum, Mojarra 348
Gerres olisthostomus, Irish Pampano 349
Kyphosus sectatrix, Chopa or Rudder-fish 349
Apomotis cyanellus, Blue-green Sunfish 350
Pseudupeneus maculatus, Red Goatfish or Salmonete 351
Mullus auratus, Golden Surmullet 352
Cynoscion nebulosus, Spotted Weakfish 353
Bairdiella chrysura, Mademoiselle 355
Sciænops ocellata, Red Drum 356
Umbrina sinaloæ, Yellow-fin Roncador 357
Menticirrhus americanus, Kingfish 357
Pogonias chromis, Drum 358
Gnathypops evermanni 359
Opisthognathus macrognathus, Jawfish 359
Opisthognathus nigromarginatus 360
Chiasmodon niger, Black Swallower 360
Cirrhitus rivulatus 364
Trichodon trichodon, Sandfish 364
Anabas scandens, Climbing Perch 366
Channa formosana 371
Ophicephalus barca, Snake-headed China-fish 371
Cymatogaster aggregatus, White Surf-fish 372
Hysterocarpus traski, Fresh-water Viviparous Perch 373
Hypsurus caryi 373
Damalichthys argyrosomus, White Surf-fish 374
Rhacochilus toxotes, Thick-lipped Surf-fish 374
Hypocritichthys analis, Silver Surf-fish, Viviparous 375
Hysterocarpus traski, Viviparous Perch (male) 379
Hypsypops rubicunda, Garibaldi 382
Pomacentrus leucostictus, Damsel-fish 382
Glyphisodon marginatus, Cockeye Pilot 383
Microspathodon dorsalis, Indigo Damsel-fish 384
Tautoga onitis, Tautog 384
Tautoga onitis, Tautog 386
Lachnolaimus falcatus, Capitaine or Hogfish 387
Xyrichthys psittacus, Razor-fish 388
Pimelometopon pulcher, Redfish (male) 389
Lepidaplois perditio 389
Pharyngeals of Italian Parrot-fish, Sparisoma cretense. a, Upper; b, Lower 391
Jaws of Parrot-fish, Calotomus xenodon 391
Cryptotomus beryllinus 391
Sparisoma hoplomystax 392
Sparisoma abildgaardi, Red Parrot-fish 392
Jaws of Blue Parrot-fish, Scarus cæruleus 393
Upper pharyngeals of a Parrot-fish, Scarus strongylocephalus 393
Lower pharyngeals of a Parrot-fish, Scarus strongylocephalus 393
Scarus emblematicus 394
Scarus cæruleus, Blue Parrot-fish 394
Scarus vetula, Parrot-fish 395
Halichæres bivittatus, Slippery Dick or Doncella, a fish of the coral-reefs 399
Monodactylus argenteus 397
Psettus sebæ 399
Chætodipterus faber, Spadefish 401
Chætodon capistratus, Butterfly-fish 402
Pomacanthus arcuatus, Black Angel-fish 403
Holacanthus ciliaris, Angel-fish or Isabelita 404
Holacanthus tricolor, Rock Beauty 405
Zanclus canescens, Moorish Idol 406
Teuthis cæruleus, Blue Tang 407
Teuthis bahianus, Brown Tang 408
Balistes carolinensis, Trigger-fish 412
Osbeckia lævis, File-fish 414
Amanses scopas, Needle-bearing File-fish 414
Stephanolepis hispidus, Common File-fish 415
Lactophrys tricornis, Horned Trunkfish, Cowfish, or Cuckold 416
Ostracion cornutum, Horned Trunkfish 416
Lactophrys bicaudalis, Spotted Trunkfish 416
Lactophrys bicaudalis, Spotted Trunkfish (face view) 417
Lactophrys triqueter, Spineless Trunkfish 417
Lactophrys trigonus, Hornless Trunkfish 418
Skeleton of the Cowfish, Lactophrys tricornis 418
Lagocephalus lævigatus, Silvery Puffer 419
Spheroides spengleri, Puffer, Inflated 420
Spheroides maculatus, Puffer 420
Tetraodon meleagris 421
Tetraodon setosus, Bristly Globefish 422
Diodon hystrix, Porcupine-fish 422
Chilomycterus schœpfi, Rabbit-fish 423
Mola mola, Headfish (adult) 424
Ranzania makua, King of the Mackerel, from Honolulu 425
Sebastes marinus, Rosefish 427
Skull of Scorpænichthys marmoratus 427
Sebastolobus altivelis 428
Sebastodes mystinus, Priest-fish 430
Sebastichthys serriceps 431
Sebastichthys nigrocinctus, Banded Rockfish 432
Scorpæna grandicornis, Lion-fish 433
Scorpæna mystes, Sea-scorpion 434
Pterois volitans, Lion-fish or Sausolele 435
Emmydrichthys vulcanus, Black Nohu or Poison-fish 436
Snyderina yamanokami 437
Trachicephalus uranoscopus 438
Anoplopoma fimbria, Skilfish 438
Pleurogrammus monopterygius, Atka-fish 439
Hexagrammos decagrammus, Greenling 440
Ophiodon elongatus, Cultus Cod 440
Jordania zonope 442
Astrolytes notospilotus 442
Hemilepidotus jordani, Irish Lord 443
Triglops pingeli 443
Enophrys bison, Buffalo Sculpin 443
Ceratocottus diceraus 444
Elanura forficata 444
Cottus punctulatus, Yellowstone Miller's Thumb 444
Uranidea tenuis, Miller's Thumb 445
Cottus evermanni 445
Cottus gulosus, California Miller's Thumb 446
Myxocephalus niger, Pribilof Sculpin 446
Myxocephalus octodecimspinosus, 18-spined Sculpin 447
Oncocottus quadricornis 447
Blepsias cirrhosus 448
Hemitripterus americanus, Sea-raven 448
Oligocottus maculosus 449
Ereunias grallator 450
Psychrolutes paradoxus, Sleek Sculpin 451
Gilbertidia sigolutes 451
Rhamphocottus richardsoni, Richardson's Sculpin 451
Stelgis vulsus 451
Draciscus sachi 452
Pallasina barbata, Agonoid-fish 453
Aspidophoroides monopterygius 453
Cyclopterus lumpus, Lumpfish 454
Crystallias matsushimæ, Liparid 454
Neoliparis mucosus, Snailfish 455
Prionotus evolans, Sea-robin 456
Cephalacanthus volitans, Flying Gurnard 457
Peristedion miniatum 457
Philypnus dormitor, Guavina de Rio 460
Eleotris pisonis, Dormeur 460
Dormitator maculatus, Guavina mapo 461
Vireosa hanæ 461
Gobionellus oceanicus, Esmeralda de Mar 461
Pterogobius daimio 462
Aboma etheostoma, Darter Goby 462
Gillichthys mirabilis, Long-jawed Goby 463
Boleophthalmus chinensis, Pond-skipper 466
Periophthalmus barbarus, Mud-skippy 466
Eutæniichthys gillii 467
Leptecheneis naucrates, Sucking-fish or Pegador 468
Rhombochirus osteochir 469
Regalecus russelli, Glesnæs Oarfish 476
Trachypterus rex-salmonorum, Dealfish or King of the Salmon 478
Young Flounder just hatched 482
Pseudopleuronectes americanus, Larval Flounder 483
Larval Stages of Platophrys podas, a Flounder 484
Platophrys lunatus, Peacock Flounder 485
Heterocercal Tail of Young Trout, Salmo fario 486
Homocercal Tail of a Flounder, Paralichthys californicus 486
Lophopsetta maculata, Window-pane 487
Syacium papillosum, Wide-eyed Flounder 488
Etropus crossotus 489
Hippoglossus hippoglossus, Halibut 492
Paralichthys dentatus, Wide-mouthed Flounder 493
Liopsetta putnami, Eel-back Flounder 494
Platichthys stellatus, Starry Flounder 495
Achirus lineatus, Hog-choker Sole 496
Symphurus plagiusa 498
Pteropsaron evolans 502
Bathymaster signatus 503
Ariscopus iburius 504
Astroscopus guttatus, Star-gazer 505
Neoclinus satiricus, Sarcastic Blenny 507
Gibbonsia evides, Kelp Blenny 508
Blennius cristatus 508
Alticus atlanticus, Rock-skipper 509
Alticus saliens, Lizard-skipper 509
Emblemaria atlantica 510
Scartichthys enosimæ, Fish of the rock-pools of the sacred island of Enoshima, Japan 510
Zacalles bryope 511
Bryostemma tarsodes 511
Exerpes asper 511
Pholis gunnellus, Gunnel 512
Xiphistes chirus 512
Ozorthe dictyogramma 513
Stichæus punctatus 513
Bryostemma otohime 514
Ptilichthys goodei, Quillfish 514
Blochius longirostris 514
Xiphasia setifera 515
Cryptacanthodes maculatus, Wrymouth 516
Anarhichas lupus, Wolf-fish 517
Skull of Anarrhichthys ocellatus 517
Zoarces anguillaris, Eel-pout 518
Lycodes reticulatus, Eel-pout 519
Lycenchelys verrilli 519
Scytalina cerdale 519
Rissola marginata, Cusk-eel 520
Lycodapus dermatinus 520
Ammodytes americanus, Sand-lance 521
Embolichthys mitsukurii 521
Fierasfer dubius, Pearlfish, Embedded in Pearl 522
Fierasfer acus, Pearlfish 523
Brotula barbata 524
Lucifuga subterranea, Blind Brotula 524
Opsanus pardus, Leopard Toadfish 525
Porichthys porosissimus, Singing Fish (with Many Lateral Lines) 526
Aspasma ciconiæ 530
Caularchus mæandricus, Clingfish 531
Mastacembelus ellipsifer 532
Gadus callarias, Codfish 533
Skull of Haddock, Melanogrammus æglifinus 536
Melanogrammus æglifinus, Haddock 536
Theragra chalcogramma, Pollock 537
Microgadus tomcod, Tomcod 538
Lota maculosa, Burbot 539
Enchelyopus cimbrius, Four-bearded Rockling 539
Merluccius productus, California Hake 540
Coryphænoides carapinus, showing leptocercal tail 540
Cælorhynchus carminatus, Grenadier 541
Steindachnerella argentea 541
Lophius litulon, Anko or Fishing-frog 545
Cryptopsaras couesi 547
Ceratias holbolli, Deep-sea Angler 548
Caulophryne jordani 548
Pterophryne tumida, Sargassum-fish, one of the Anglers 549
Antennarius nox, Fishing-frog 550
Shoulder-girdle of a Batfish, Ogcocephalus radiatus 551
Antennarius scaber, Frogfish 551
Ogcocephalus vespertilio 552
Ogcocephalus vespertilio, Batfish 553
Ogcocephalus vespertilio, Batfish 553