D’Epinay, Madame, ii, 223 n.
De Prades, ii, 224, 239, 269 sq.
De Roches, ii, 234 n.
Dersdon, ii, 88
Descartes, i, 470; ii, 36, 64 sq., 72, 73, 121, 133, 134, 150
Descente de Saint Paul aux Enfers, i, 326
Desdouits, Professor, ii, 49 sq.
Desforges, ii, 291
Des Fournéilles, ii, 104
Desgabets, ii, 128
Deshoulières, Madame, ii, 142
Deslandes, i, 7, 236, 237, 238; ii, 214, 225
Desmoulins, ii, 254
Destutt de Tracy, ii, 254
De Thou, i, 482 n.
Deukalion, i, 173
Deurhoff, ii, 138
Deus ex Machina, i, 163
Devienne, i, 477
De Villars, ii, 125
D’Holbach, ii, 77, 221, 242–43, 245, 249, 253, 271 sq., 285, 393
Diagoras, i, 130 n., 159
Dick, ii, 463 n.
Dickens, ii, 451
Dickinson, T. L., cited, i, 100
Diderot, ii, 218, 226, 229, 247,
248, 249, 254, 259, 261,
264, 266 n., 267 sq., 285 sq.,
364, 371;
cited, i, 209 n.; ii, 199, 221, 223 n., 278
Dikaiarchos, i, 184
Dill, Sir S., i, 246 n.
Dillon, Dr., cited, i, 112, 113, 115
Diodoros, cited, i, 71, 72
Diogenes of Apollonia, i, 138 n., 154
—— Laërtius, i, 138 n., 144, 145, 183
—— the Babylonian, i, 184 n.
Diogenes the Peripatetic, i, 188
Dionysios, the younger, i, 175, 176
—— the Areopagite, i, 229 n.
Dionysos, i, 125, 134, 145, 164
Diopeithes, i, 154
Dippel, J. Conrad, ii, 304
Dissent, English, and Liberalism, ii, 326
Dissenters’ Chapels Act, ii, 334
Divination, Hebrew, i, 99
Dixon, Prof., cited, ii, 492 sq.
Doddridge, ii, 173
Dodwell, H., senr., ii, 153
—— H., junr., ii, 170
—— W., cited, ii, 191
Dolcino, i, 337
Dolet, i, 21, 380, 383, 385 sq.
D’Olivet, ii, 145
Döllinger, i, 331 n.
Dominic, St., i, 333, 340
Dominicans, i, 333, 334, 335; ii, 43
Domitian, i, 214
Domitius, i, 206 n.
Donatists, the, i, 232
Dooman, ii, 493
Dostoyevsky, ii, 457
Douglas, S. A., ii, 419
Douglass, Frederick, ii, 419
—— J., ii, 201
Drama, freethought in, i, 133, 148, 161, 302;
Elizabethan, ii, 16;
Spanish, ii, 39
Draper, i, 13; ii, 469
Drews, A., i, 13, 168
Driver, Canon, ii, 433, 434 n.;
cited, i, 105, 106, 112
Droz, cited, ii, 275
Drummond, H., ii, 403
Drunkenness, Protestant, i, 455
Dryden, ii, 90 n., 93 sq., 190
Dualism, i, 68, 154, 174, 227, 255, 280
Du Barry, Madame de, ii, 236
Dubois, Dr., ii, 461 n.
Duchâtel, Bishop, i, 383, 384, 387
Du Châtelet, Marquise, ii, 230
Ducket, ii, 167
Duels, veto on, i, 283 n.
Dujardin, i, 108
Dulaurens, ii, 237 n.
Dumarsais, ii, 238, 243, 248, 272
Dunbar, W., quoted, ii, 183
Duni, ii, 367
Dunlop, R., cited, ii, 172
—— Mrs., ii, 275 n.
Duns Scotus, i, 336, 359
Du Pin, ii, 144
Durkheim, ii, 469
Duvernet, ii, 222 n., 244, 290
Earthquakes, i, 278
Eberhard, ii, 260 n., 315, 317
Ebionites, i, 225
Ecclesiastes, i, 114 sq., 207
Eckhart, i, 362
Economic causation, i, 36, 41, 60, 71 sq., 77, 87, 233 sq., 287 sq., 292 sq., 305–306, 339, 341, 357, 377, 404 sq., 414, 423 sq., 427 sq., 431 sq.; ii, 160, 171, 216
Ecphantos, i, 150
Edelmann, ii, 307 sq.
Edersheim, cited, i, 118
Edgeworth, Miss, ii, 451
Education and Protestantism, i, 436
—— in England in eighteenth century, ii, 200
—— Jonathan, ii, 438
Egypt, ancient, religion of, i, 69 sq.;
freethought in, i, 70;
influence of on Greece, i, 121, 129;
influence of on Gnosticism, i, 227;
modern, i, 22, 274–75
Elcesaites, i, 227
Eleatic School, i, 136, 141 sq., 146 sq.
Elements, the four, i, 140
Eleusinian mysteries, i, 159
Elias, i, 334
Eliezer, Rabbi, i, 334
Elijah and Elisha, i, 102
—— Rabbi, ii, 489
Eliot, George, ii, 438, 439, 444, 451, 500
—— St., i, 305 n.
Ellis, C., ii, 98
—— Sir A. B., cited, i, 23, 25
—— W., cited, i, 23, 34
Elohim, i, 98; ii, 256
Emerson, ii, 100, 450, 453, 488
Emes, ii, 98
Emin, Khalif, i, 257
Emlyn, ii, 188
Empedokles, i, 158
Encyclopédie, ii, 234 sq., 258, 270
Engels, ii, 412
England, medieval, freethought in, i, 297–98, 342
sq.;
torture in, i, 322 n.;
Tudor, freethought in, i, 458 sq.; ii, 1
sq.;
Reformation in, i, 431 sq.; ii, 1
sq.;
15th century, freethought in, i, 393 sq.;
17th century, freethought in, ii, 69
sq.;
18th century, freethought in, ii, 147
sq.;
19th century, freethought in, ii, 386 sq.,
431, 433
English influence on France, ii, 223, 250;
on Germany, ii, 309, 311
sq.
Ennius, i, 151, 199 sq.
Enoch, Book of the Secrets of, i, 221
Enrique IV, i, 340
Ephesos, i, 124
Ephoros, i, 180
Epic, rise of, i, 126
Epicharmos, i, 152, 199
Epictetus, i, 189, 215, 392, 476
Epicureanism, i, 118, 181 sq., 200, 201 sq., 322, 325, 366; ii, 67, 143
Epicurus, i, 157, 181 sq., 186, 212
Erasmus, i, 370, 403, 406, 429, 440, 450, 461
Erastianism, ii, 71 n.
Eratosthenes, i, 188
Erdmann, cited, i, 314, 345
Erhard, ii, 346
Erigena. See John Scotus
Esoteric religion, i, 71, 87, 191
Esprit fort, use of term, i, 6
Essays and Reviews, ii, 325
Essenes, i, 148
Essex, Earl of, ii, 2
Estève, P., ii, 239
Estienne, i, 391, 473 n.
Ethical Societies, ii, 414
Ethics, progress in, i, 132, 184; ii, 34, 116, 343;
of Chinese, i, 85;
of Greeks, i, 127, 133;
of Hebrews, i, 104, 221;
of primitive peoples, i, 28, 93;
of Phœnicians, i, 81;
of Romans, i, 215;
of Mexicans, i, 91;
of early Christians, i, 220, 223, 244;
of Mohammed, i, 253
Etruscan religion, i, 197, 199, 200
Eucharist, doctrine of the, i, 286, 289 sq., 417–18, 420, 440
Euchite heresy, i, 280 n., 293
Euclides, i, 149 n., 184
Eudemus, i, 138
Eudo, i, 295
Eugenius IV, i, 357
Eunomians, i, 247
Euripides, i, 127 n., 148, 161 sq., 171, 199
Eusebius, i, 241, 434
Evanson, ii, 201–203, cited, 205
Evelyn, cited, ii, 168
Evêmerism among Semites, i, 79–80, 102;
among Greeks, i, 169, 185;
among Christians, i, 225;
among Romans, i, 199
Evêmeros, i, 79, 184
Everlasting Gospel, the, i, 335 sq.
Evolution theory, i, 138, 158; ii, 207
Ewald, ii, 431
Ewerbeck, ii, 433
Exeter, i, 468
Eye, S., ii, 98
Ezél, i, 274
Fabricius, i, 11
Faguet, cited, ii, 442 n.
Fairbanks, i, 137 n., 144 n.
Falkland, ii, 106
“Family of Love,” ii, 4
Farel, i, 428
Farinata degli Uberti, i, 325
Farrar, A. S., i, 14–15
—— cited, i, 308 n., 321 n.; ii, 175
Fathers, the Christian, i, 215, 216
Fatimids, the, i, 256 n.
Fauriel, ii, 460
Faxardo, ii, 375
Faye, La, ii, 44
Feargal, i, 282, 368
Fear in religion, i, 44
Federation, i, 137
Fénelon, i, 363; ii, 126, 130, 142, 146, 213, 250, 252
Ferdinand, King, i, 340
Ferdinando II, Duke, ii, 365
—— III, ii, 371
Ferguson, ii, 186
Ferini and Antiferini, ii, 367
Ferrand, Mdlle., ii, 265
Ferrer, Francisco, ii, 502
Ferri, ii, 469
Fetishism, i, 25, 36
Fichte, ii, 345, 347 sq., 425, 471 sq., 473, 475
Fiji, unbelief in, i, 36 n., 43;
religion in, i, 37, 43
Filangieri, ii, 369
Finetti, ii, 367
Finlay, quoted, i, 278 n.
Finow, i, 38
Fiorentino, cited, i, 376
Firdausi, i, 262
Firmicus Maternus, i, 233
Firmin, ii, 114
Fischer, Kuno, quoted, ii, 66
Fisher, Bishop, ii, 1
—— Dr. L., quoted, i, 49
Fitzgerald, i, 264
Flade, ii, 33
Flagellants, i, 336
Flanders, civilization of, i, 2;
early freethought in, i, 295, 297
Flaubert, i, 140; ii, 442
Fletcher, ii, 19
Floury, ii, 215
Flint, Professor, cited, ii, 35, 366 n., 399 n.
Florence, culture of, i, 325 sq., 407; ii, 365, 387
Florimond de Boemond, i, 479 sq.
Flügel, i, 256 n.
Fogg’s Weekly Journal, quoted, ii, 157
Fontane, cited, i, 50
Fontanier, ii, 122
Fontenelle, ii, 54, 130 n., 142–43, 227 n., 235, 246, 250, 470
Food supply and religion, i, 94–5
Forbes, Lord President, ii, 104, 185, 252
Forbonnais, ii, 245
Forchhammer, i, 171 n.
Forgiveness, ethic of, i, 221
Forgery, priestly, i, 72, 101, 230 n., 243
Fotherby, Bishop, ii, 24
Foucher, ii, 258
Founders, religious, i, 68
Fourier, ii, 404 n.
Fourth Gospel, ii, 425
Fowler, Dr., ii, 28, 30 n., 105, 111
—— Dr. Warde, i, 195–96, 200 n., 202, 204, 209
Fox, C. J., ii, 206
—— W. J., ii, 413
Foxe, i, 3, 395, 459
Fracastorio, i, 371 n.; ii, 463 n.
France, early freethought in, i, 291 sq., 296
sq., 299 sq., 317 sq., 351 sq.;
Reformation in, i, 427 sq.;
influence of, on Germany, ii, 309, 311;
influence of, on Italy, i, 351 n.; ii, 371;
freethought in, i, 379 sq., 473 sq.; ii, 117 sq., 141 sq.,
213 sq., 388;
culture-history of, i, 317 sq., 351 sq., 379 sq.,
427 sq., 473 sq.; ii, 420, 440 sq.
Francis, King, i, 383, 389, 427
—— of Assisi, i, 333
Franciscans, i, 333 sq., 339, 409
Franck, Sebastian, i, 442
François de Rues, i, 351
Franklin, B., ii, 381 sq., 384 n.
Fraticelli, the, i, 317, 337
Fraud in religion, i, 26 sq., 108, 109, 175, 230 n., 243, 250
Frazer, Sir J. G., i, 401 n., 471
Frederick II, Emperor, i, 323, 324
—— of Aragon, i, 339
—— the Great, ii, 248 n., 261 n., 269, 287, 305, 311, 312 sq.
—— IV, ii, 426
—— V, of Denmark, ii, 361
Free Church of Scotland, ii, 410 sq.
Freeman, cited, i, 261
Freemasonry, i, 358; ii, 306, 330
“Free religious” societies, ii, 410, 413
Freeseekers, sect of, 6
Free Spirit. See Brethren
“Freethinker,” origin of word, i, 1, 4, 6
sq.;
meaning of word, i, 4 sq., 7 sq.
Freethinker, early journal, i, 7
Freethought, meaning of, i, 1 sq., 8
sq.;
and conduct, i, 17 sq.;
continuity of, i, 36 sq., 400 sq.;
histories of, i, 10 sq.;
psychology of, i, 8 sq., 15, 39;
resistance to, i, 22 sq.;
in religion, i, 36 n.;
primitive, i, 26, 33 sq.;
early Arab, i, 112, 116;
Babylonian, i, 62–65;
Chinese, i, 82 sq.;
Christian, i, 218 sq.;
Egyptian, i, 69 sq.;
Greek, i, 128 sq.;
Hebrew, i, 104, 111 sq.;
Hindu, i, 49 sq.;
in 4th and 5th centuries, i, 235;
in medieval schools, i, 282, 307 sq.;
in medieval England, i, 342 sq.;
in the Renaissance, i, 365 sq.;
in England in the 15th century, i, 393 sq.;
in Tudor England, i, 458 sq.; ii, i, sq.;
in Austria, ii, 351;
in France in the 16th and 17th centuries, i, 473 sq.; ii,
117 sq., 141
sq.;
in France in the 18th century, ii, 213
sq.;
in France in the 19th century, ii, 404
sq.;
in England in the 16th century, ii, 1
sq.;
in England in the 17th century, ii, 69
sq.;
in England in the 18th century, ii, 147
sq.;
in England in the 19th century, ii, 392
sq.;
in Germany, i, 361 sq., 434 sq.; ii, 294 sq., 388, 409 sq., 420 sq.,
448, 454 sq.;
in Holland, i, 398 sq.; ii, 132 sq.,
352 sq.;
in Italy, i, 322 sq.; ii, 365 sq.,
387, 454;
in Spain and Portugal, i, 338 sq., 470 sq.; ii, 372 sq.;
in Switzerland, ii, 378 sq.;
in Scandinavia, ii, 354 sq., 412 sq.;
in the Slavonic States, ii, 362 sq.,
412 sq.;
in South Africa, ii, 416 sq.;
in South America, ii, 407;
in the United States, ii, 381 sq.;
in Catholic countries to-day, ii, 406
sq.;
in the Catholic Church, ii, 5;
in Oriental countries to-day, ii, 490
sq.;
Phœnician, i, 79, 80;
Peruvian, i, 90;
psychology of, i, 8 sq., 16 sq.;
Roman, i, 199 sq.;
under Islam, i, 248 sq., 272;
in Persia, i, 273
Free-will, doctrine of, i, 8, 232, 254, 270; ii, 150 n.
Frei-geist, use of word, i, 6; ii, 301
Freke, ii, 114 n.
French Revolution, effect on English freethought of, ii, 209, 386 sq.
Fréret, ii, 241 n., 243, 245, 248, 289
Fréron, ii, 258
Fresnoy, L. du, ii, 206
Freudenthal, i, 142
“Friends of God,” i, 362
“Friends of Light,” ii, 339
Frith, Mrs. I., ii, 43 n.
Froissart, i, 356
Fromman, ii, 298
Fronto, i, 236
Froude, i, 3 n.; ii, 448
Fry, ii, 106
Fuegians, i, 98
Fuller, cited, ii, 22 n., 23 n., 24
Furnival, F. J., cited, ii, 19
Gabriele de Salo, i, 369
Gaetano of Siena, i, 369
Gaidi, ii, 221
Gainsford, ii, 11
Galen, i, 471
Galeotto Marcio, i, 369
Galileo, i, 377–78, 401, 456; ii, 42, 57 sq., 65
Galitzin, Prince von, ii, 286
Galton, cited, i, 31
Galvani, ii, 371
Gambetta, ii, 500
Garasse, i, 480 n., 482 sq.; ii, 55, 56
Garat, ii, 280
Garbe, Prof., cited, i, 51
Garcilasso, cited, i, 90
Gardiner, cited, i, 396, 405; ii, 22, 23, 79
Garibaldi, ii, 500
Garlon, ii, 291
Gassendi, ii, 64, 65, 66 sq., 104, 138, 150
Gastrell, ii, 98
Gaul, Christian, freethought in, i, 236;
vice in, i, 245
Gaultier, ii, 217
Gaunilo, i, 310
Gaussen, ii, 458
Gautama. See Buddha
Gautier, ii, 250 n.
Gazzali, i, 259, 263, 266, 267, 270
Gebhardi, ii, 312
Gebhart, discussed, i, 409
Gebler, criticized, ii, 59
Geddes, Dr., ii, 431
Gegenbauer, Theophilus, ii, 295
Geijer, ii, 417
Gemistos Plethon, i, 371
Génard, ii, 291
Genesis, criticism of, i, 450; ii, 115, 463.
See Pentateuch
Genest, ii, 214
Geneva, thought in, i, 2, 446; ii, 379
Gennadios, i, 372
Genovesi, ii, 369
Gentilis, Valentinus, i, 451, 453
Gentillet, i, 468
Geoffrin, Madame, ii, 223 n., 272 n.
Geoffroy d’Estissac, i, 381
Geographical causation, i, 134, 197
Geology, i, 371; ii, 206
George III, ii, 200
Georgios Trapezuntios, i, 372
Gerbert, i, 301 n.
Gerhard, Bishop, i, 291, 336 n.
Germany, Reformation in, i, 403 sq.;
freethought in, i, 361 sq., 434 sq.; ii, 294 sq., 388, 409 sq., 420 sq.,
454 sq.
Gerson, i, 363, 417
Gervinus, ii, 15
Geryon, i, 185
Geulincx, ii, 138
Gewissener, ii, 296
Ghailan of Damascus, i, 254
Ghibellines, i, 325
Gibbon, i, 139, 178, 204–205, 209, 246 n., 262; ii, 229, 398, 399, 447, 468
Gibson, Bishop, ii, 159