Strigolniks, the, ii, 363
Strindberg, ii, 418
Stromer, ii, 418
Strowsky, cited, i, 393 n., 480 n., 481, 483 n.; ii, 117 n.
Struensee, ii, 361 sq.
Stuart, Dean, ii, 81
Stubbs, Bishop, cited, i, 341, 433, 439 n.
Stuckenberg, cited, ii, 339, 341, 343
Studemund, cited, ii, 411, 412
Suarez, i, 363; ii, 282
Suckling, Sir J., ii, 31
Sudan, magic and religion in, i, 46
Suetonius, i, 212, 213
Sufîism, i, 265, 273
Sulla, i, 206 n.
Sully, Prof., cited, i, 42
Sun-Gods, worship of, i, 69, 73, 78, 89, 102, 124, 153
Sunnites, the, i, 254
Svedberg, ii, 359
Sweden, culture history of, ii, 354 sq., 417 sq.
Swedenborg, ii, 358 sq.
Swift, i, 167; ii, 151
sq.;
cited, i, 7
Switzerland, reformation in, i, 2, 410, 438
sq.;
freethought in, ii, 378 sq., 416;
bigotry in, ii, 415 sq.
Sykes, A. A., ii, 173;
quoted, ii, 192–93
Sylvanus, i, 280
Sylvester II, i, 301 n.
—— Bernard, i, 312
Symonds, J. A., cited, i, 365 n., 410
Tabari, cited, i, 257 n.
Taborites, the, i, 418
Tacitus, i, 212, 213
Tailhé, ii, 221
Taillandier, cited, i, 284
Talbot, A. H., i, 264 n.
Talfourd, ii, 395
Talmud, thought in, i, 116, 221;
criticism of, i, 379
Tamerlane, i, 260
Tammuz, i, 101
Tanquelin, i, 295
Tasmanians, religion of, i, 100
Tatian, i, 227
Tau, i, 84, 87
Tauler, i, 362
Tayler, ii, 415
—— Robert, ii, 394
Tegnér, ii, 417
Telesio, ii, 64
Tell-el-Amarna, i, 73
Teller, ii, 318
Templars, the Knights, i, 340, 356–58
Ten Brink, cited, ii, 34
Ten, theories of, i, 150
Tenison, ii, 98
Tenneman, cited, ii, 108
Teodori, i, 411
Tercier, ii, 236
Terrasson, ii, 221
Tertullian, i, 150 n., 229, 232, 235, 244
Tetens, ii, 346
Tetzel, i, 406
Teuffel, i, 194–95, 197
Texte, cited, ii, 165
Thacker, Elias, ii, 5
Thackeray, ii, 451
Thales, i, 135 sq.
Thallos, i, 80
Thamamians, the, i, 266 n.
Theagenes, i, 152
Theal, cited, i, 22; ii, 417
Theil, M. du, ii, 255
Theodora, i, 245
Theodore of Mopsuestia, i, 242
Theodoric, i, 246, 247
Theodoros, i, 183
Theodosius II, i, 239
Theodotos, i, 229
Theophilanthropy, ii, 382
Theophrastos, i, 186
Thierrys, the two, ii, 442
Thirlwall, ii, 469;
cited, i, 27, 121 n., 173
Thirty-nine Articles, the, i, 460
Thirty Years’ War, ii, 75, 295, 300
Tholuck, i, 12; ii, 423;
cited, ii, 249, 296, 301, 305 sq., 311
Thomas Aquinas, i, 318 sq., 359, 360; ii, 282
Thomas à Kempis, i, 363
Thomas, Dr. R. H., ii, 384 n.
Thomasius, Jenkin, i, 11; ii, 298;
cited, ii, 69 n., 296
—— Christian, ii, 302 sq.
Thompson, F., ii, 453
Thomson, B., cited, i, 36 n., 41 n.
—— J., ii, 452
Thonga, the, i, 25, 34
Thonrakians, i, 280 n.
Thoreau, ii, 453
Thoth, i, 110
Thotmes III, i, 75
Thrakians, the, i, 121 n., 157
Thukydides, i, 156 n., 173
Thunder-Gods, i, 97
Tiberius, i, 213
Ticknor, cited, i, 341
Tiele, cited, i, 66, 69–70, 71;
criticized, i, 46–47, 60, 71
Tielenus, ii, 70
Tii, Queen, i, 74, 75
Tilley, A. A., cited, i, 428
Tindal, ii, 152, 158, 174, 175, 306
Tocco, i, 13
Tocqueville, de, cited, ii, 126 n., 254
Toland, i, 6; ii, 98–99, 132, 147 sq., 174, 175
Toleration, beginnings of, in England, ii, 24, 77;
Bayle and, ii, 140;
beginnings of, in France, ii, 221, 231, 233, 291;
in Germany, ii, 312
Töllner, ii, 319
Tolstoy, i, 419; ii, 457
Toltecs, the, i, 88
Tomkyns, Martin, ii, 201
Tonga Islands, freethought in, i, 38
Torild, ii, 360
Torquemada, i, 342
Torricelli, ii, 365
Torture, ecclesiastical, i, 321–22
Totemism and Greek philosophy, i, 139–40
Toulmin, G. H., ii, 201
—— Joshua, ii, 202
Tourguénief, ii, 456 sq.
Tourneur, ii, 20
Towers, ii, 82
Toy, ii, 420
Tractarianism, ii, 437 sq.
Tracy, cited, ii, 492
Transubstantiation, i, 286, 428
Transvaal, freethought in, ii, 416
Trapezuntios, i, 372
Trapp, ii, 198
Travers, ii, 14
Trebonian, i, 245
Tregelles, ii, 438
Trenchard, ii, 152
Triads, i, 69
Tribbechov, i, 11; ii, 298
Trie, i, 449
Trinity, dogma of, i, 77, 226, 231, 242, 286, 307, 312,
421, 425, 447; ii, 339, 444,
487 sq.
See Unitarianism
Trinius, i, 11
Trouvères and Troubadours, i, 300 sq., 326, 361
Trumpp, cited, ii, 497
Turgot, ii, 221, 244, 254, 260, 276 n., 288
Turkey, civilization of, ii, 497
sq.;
freethought in, i, 272; ii, 497 sq.
Turlupins, i, 333
Turner, ii, 201
Turpin, ii, 291
Turrettini, the, i, 458; ii, 225, 378 sq.
Twelve, sacred number, i, 97, 124 n.
Twofold truth, doctrine of, i, 271, 321, 346, 360, 361, 377, 478; ii, 28, 108, 134
Tylor, Sir E., ii, 470
sq.;
cited, i, 22, 31
Tyndale, cited, i, 3
Tyrannos, i, 125 n.
Tyrrell, i, 166
Tyrwhitt, i, 165
Ubaldini, i, 325 n.
Ubicini, cited, ii, 497 n.
Ueberweg, quoted, i, 176–77, 284, 309
Uhlich, ii, 410
Uitenbogaert, i, 463
Uladislaus II, i, 419
Ullmann, i, 249 n.
Ulrich von Hutten, i, 403, 404 n., 406, 438
Undereyck, ii, 298
Underhill, E. B., ii, 77 n.
Unitarianism, early, i, 242, 328, 404, 447
sq.;
in England, i, 459; ii, 12, 21,
77, 83, 106 sq., 153–54, 161, 179,
201 sq., 413, 414 sq., 471;
in Germany, i, 435 sq.;
in Hungary, i, 420;
in Ireland, ii, 188;
in Poland, i, 424 sq.; ii, 36 sq.,
159 sq.;
in Scotland, ii, 208–209;
in Italy, i, 468;
in Holland, ii, 35;
in Switzerland, ii, 378 sq., 415;
in America, ii, 385, 413
United States, freethought in, ii, 381 sq., 411, 419;
German freethinkers in, ii, 411
Universalism, ancient, i, 50, 63, 77, 79
Universities, low ebb of culture in, ii, 195;
French, i, 355;
German, i,
404, 416, 455;
Swiss, i,
447
Upanishads, philosophy of, i, 52 sq.
Urban VIII, ii, 59
Urstitius, ii, 42
Urwick, ii, 82 n.
Usury and the Church, i, 295, 342 n.
Utilitarianism, i, 215; ii, 194
“Utilitarian Associations,” ii, 418
Vair, Guillaume du, i, 393
Valentinus, i, 228
—— Gentilis, i, 451, 453
Valerius Maximus, i, 175
Valla, Lorenzo, i, 366–67, 377
Vallée, i, 391
Vambéry, cited, i, 273; ii, 498 n.
Van den Ende, ii, 134
Vandeul, Mme. de, ii, 271
Vanini, i, 21, 475; ii, 51 sq.
Van Manen, ii, 424
Van Mildert, i, 14, 15
Van Vloten, i, 254 n.
Varro, i, 195, 203 n.
Varuna, i, 49 sq.
Vasari, cited, i, 370 n.
Vassor, ii, 145
Vater, ii, 423
Vatke, ii, 474
Vaudois, the, i, 298, 388
Vaughan, cited, ii, 79
Vauvenargues, ii, 246
Vedanta, i, 55
Vedas, i, 29, 48;
translations of, i, 30 n.;
skepticism in, i, 30, 49–50;
attacks on, i, 52–53
Vejento, i, 213
Velasquez, ii, 40
Venus Cloacina, i, 82
Verbalism, Greek, i, 146–47
Vergilius, St., i, 282, 368
Verlaine, ii, 443
Vernes, Maurice, i, 108
Vernet, Jacob, ii, 225
Veron, John, i, 459
Verrall, i, 162–63; ii, 94
Viau, ii, 122
Vickers, K. H., cited, i, 397
Vico, i, 26 n., 375; ii, 365 sq., 468
Vigilantius, i, 239, 298 n.
Villani, G., i, 322
Villanueva, Dr. J., ii, 372
Villari, cited, i, 372, 408
Villemain, ii, 217
Villeneuve, Marquis de, ii, 278 n.
Vincent, J. M., cited, i, 438
Vinci, Leonardo da, i, 370; ii, 463
Virchow, ii, 436
Viret, i, 466
Virgil, i, 204, 209
Virgin-Mother-Goddess, i, 88, 225
Vives, i, 470
Voelkel, ii, 35
Vogt, ii, 479 n.
Volney, ii, 244, 274, 401, 468
Volta, ii, 371
Voltaire, i, 21, 133, 277, 323, 329; ii, 113, 143 n., 147 n., 157, 159, 164 n., 165, 196, 197,
198, 199, 213 n., 220, 222 sq., 227 sq., 237 sq.,
246, 252 sq., 256, 257 sq., 263, 273, 284,
291, 431, 468;
cited, i, 6; ii, 236, 248,
273 n., 379, 380
Vorstius, ii, 22
Voulté, i, 388
Voyage de Robertson, ii, 241
Voysey, ii, 413
Wadia, Prof., ii, 288 n.
Wagner, Richard, ii, 456
—— Tobias, ii, 298
Wahabi sect, i, 275
Waitz, ii, 470
Waldenses, i, 298, 338, 411, 415
Waldus, i, 298
Walid, i, 256
Wallace, A. R., ii, 465
—— Dr. Robert, ii, 185
—— Prof. W., cited, i, 182 n., 183 n.
Wallis, Dr., ii, 114
Walpole, ii, 171
Walsh, Rev. W., ii, 413
Walter von der Vogelweide, i, 362
Walther, cited, ii, 295
Walwyn, ii, 79
War in South Africa, effect of, ii, 417
—— religious, i, 338, 392
—— and English deism, ii, 170–71
—— and German, 501
Warburton, ii, 156, 166, 173, 339 n., 353 n.
Ward, Mrs. Humphry, ii, 451
—— Lester, ii, 469
—— Rev. R., ii, 89 n.
Warren, Albertus, ii, 90
Warton, cited, ii, 166
Warville, ii, 244
Washington, ii, 382 sq.
Wasil Ibn Attâ, i, 254
Waterland, ii, 116 n., 158, 173
Wathek, Khalif, i, 258
Watkinson, Archdeacon, cited, ii, 203 n.
Watson, Bishop, ii, 210, 253, 384, 392
—— W., ii, 453
Watts, C., i, 11
—— H. E., cited, ii, 40
Wazon, Bishop, i, 294
Weber, A., cited, i, 45, 52 n., 54, 55 n., 56
—— Em., ii, 298
Wedderburn, ii, 393
Wegscheider, ii, 423, 424, 432
Weigall, A. E. P., cited, i, 74
Weisse, ii, 427
Weizsäcker, ii, 435
Wellhausen, ii, 433, 436;
quoted, i, 104, 136
Wen, Emperor, i, 86
Wenderborn, cited, ii, 205 n.
Werner, ii, 462
Wesley, ii, 195;
cited, ii, 381 n.
Wesleyanism, ii, 195
Westphalia, Peace of, ii, 295
Wheeler, J. M., i, 11
Whewell, ii, 465;
cited, ii, 30 n., 74,
105
Whinfield, i, 264 n., 265
Whiston, ii, 151, 153–54, 161, 176
White, A. D., i, 14, 42, 457 n.; ii, 467
—— Thomas, ii, 102
Whitehead, ii, 167
Whitfield, ii, 195
Whitman, ii, 453
Whittaker, T., i, 108, 187; ii, 43 n., 45 n., 49 n.
Wiclif, i, 334, 349 sq., 394, 416; ii, 280
Wieland, ii, 329
Wielmacker, ii, 2
Wilamowitz, i, 125 n.
Wilberforce, ii, 393, 451;
cited, ii, 205–206
—— Bishop, ii, 465
Wilcke, ii, 427
Wildman, ii, 78
Wilkes, ii, 200
“Will to believe,” i, 16, 176, 360
William of Auvergne, i, 319 n.
—— of Conches, i, 312
—— of Occam, i, 354, 358–59; ii, 283
—— of St. Amour, i, 334
Williams, David, ii, 203
—— Rowland, cited, i, 114 n.
—— Speaker, cited, i, 467
—— T., cited, i, 24
Willich, cited, ii, 311
Wilson, H. H., cited, i, 58
Winchell, ii, 420
Winckler, ii, 434
Wireker, i, 361 n.
Wisdom of Solomon, i, 116
Wislicenus, ii, 410
Witchcraft, belief in, i, 376, 390, 402, 449; ii,
19, 33, 81,
101, 102, 372 n.;
assailed, i, 479; ii, 4, 33,
67, 138
Witt, John de, ii, 134
Witty, John, ii, 115
Wolf, F. A., ii, 368
Wolff and Wolffianism, ii, 305 sq., 312, 337
—— Elizabeth, ii, 352
Wolfius, ii, 298
Wollstonecraft, Mary, ii, 101 n., 207–208, 275 n.
Wolseley, Sir C., ii, 87, 90, 98
Wolsey, Cardinal, i, 432, 458
Women, freethought among, i, 374 n., 389; ii,
124 n., 207–208, 223 n., 253, 499–500;
orthodoxy among, ii, 171;
position of early Christian, i, 245;
exclusion of, from sacra, i, 196;
in Bâbism, i, 274;
community of, i, 418
Wood, Anthony à, cited, ii, 12, 96 n.
Woodrow, ii, 420
Woort, ii, 2
Wordsworth, ii, 444
—— Bishop, cited, ii, 404
Wright, Frances, ii, 499
—— Susanna, ii, 394 n.
Wriothesley, cited, i, 389
Writing, antiquity of, i, 105 n., 194
Xenophanes, i, 136, 141–42, 144
Xenophon, i, 199
Yahweh, i, 97, 101, 103, 104 sq., 114
Yâska, i, 52
Yazur Veda, i, 54
Yeats, ii, 453
Yezid III, i, 256
Young, ii, 172
Yuncas, the, i, 90
Yvon, Abbé, i, 235
Zaid, i, 248, 249
Zanchi, i, 467
Zapoyla, i, 420
Zarathustra, i, 67, 68
Zebrzydowski, i, 424
Zeller, ii, 416, 426, 434;
cited, i, 171 n.
Zephaniah, i, 114
Zendavesta, i, 67
Zendēkism (Arab atheism), i, 249 sq., 256
Zeno (the elder), i, 136, 146
—— (the Stoic), i, 180 sq., 186
Zeus, i, 124, 130 sq.
Ziska, i, 417 sq.
Zollikofer, ii, 318
Zoroastrianism, i, 68
Zosimus, i, 245
Zulus, freethought among, i, 38
Zwingli, i, 408, 420, 440