Clarke’s translation of Der Hoeven’s ‘Handbook of Zoology’, 118.

Classification, 50;

at present defective, 51;

five principal groups of ss., 53;

by dentition unsatisfactory, 354, et seq.;

difficulties occurring in, 413, 421;

Krefft on, 423 (see nomenclature).

Clayton, Mr. J., the ‘tayle’ of rattlesnakes, 280.

Climbing, 180, et seq., 196, 214, et seq., 230;

of sea-ss., 238;

of Anguis fragilis, 475, 482.

Cockburn versus Mann, 13.

Coiling, the, 48;

in constriction, 29, 203;

of tail, 182, 587;

in convolutions, 185;

for a spring, 198;

to substitute hands, 199, et seq., 206;

swiftness of, 200;

flexibility of, 218;

of the sea-ser., 257;

of Heterodon, 409, 570;

in repose, 447, 587;

of ‘Lizzie’, 472, 478;

of Natrix, 569;

of the Lacertines, 571 (see constriction);

before striking, 573.

Cold; ss. affected by, 143, 159, 165, 584, et seq.

Cold-blooded, 56;

why so, 142, 146, 159 (see hibernation, etc.).

Colours of ss., 10;

under excitement, 153, 572;

of tree ss., 219, 386;

of rattlesnakes, 270, 285;

of African vs., 321, 338, et seq.;

of ‘Bushmaster’, 417, et seq., 426;

variable in young ss., 424;

in other ss., ib.;

after moulting, 508 (see sloughing).

Combats between ss., 37, 199, 563.

Congress (U.S.), Government Commissions, 199, 376.

Constriction, 29, 199, 203, 214, 245;

of young boas, 216, 439, 446;

sometimes feeble, 583.

Constrictors, 14, 35, 38, 135, 141, 182, 198, et seq., 213, et seq., 258, 336, 438, 446, 454, 583.

Convention, a, of ss., 104;

U.S. on ss., 485, 505, 552, 572.

Cooke, M. C., ‘Our Reptiles’, 491;

editor ‘Science Gossip’, ib.;

a herpetologist, ib.

Cooper, W. R., ‘Serpent Myths’, 514.

Cope, Professor, of U.S., 386.

Cotton, Dr., of Tennessee, his rattlesnake, 298.

Coues, Dr. Elliott, of U.S., a combat, 199;

sound of the rattle, 309;

development of rattle, 312;

action of fangs, 362;

cro. fang, 376, et seq.;

species of cro., 386;

virulence of bite, 390;

pigs not exempt, 394.

Council of Z. Soc., 78, 322.

Cows sucked by ss., 84, 478.

Coypu, 229.

Cragin, Mr. F. W., on Heterodon, 450.

Cranberry swamps, the Massasauga, 393.

Crepitaculum caude, the, 294.

Crispe, Dr. Edwards, F.Z.S., on the œsophagus, 490;

the maternal refuge, ib.

Crocodilia, the, 51, 261.

Crotalina, 292.

Crotalum, 292.

Crotchets mobiles, 353, 362.

Cruden, s. poison, 102.

Cruelty, 17, 169, 206, 321, 469.

‘Curiosities of Natural History’ (see Buckland).

Cuvier; his classification, 46;

his ‘boa’, 47;

he distinguished fangs, ib.;

his era, 90, 383;

quoted by Darwin, 176;

his ‘vs.’, 353;

incubation, 434, 456.

‘Cyclopædia of Anatomy’, 118

‘Cyclopædia of India’, 86.

‘Cyclopædia, the Penny’, 113, 120.

D

Dahomey,

ser. deities at, 514;

natives fearless of vs., 523.

Dalton, the ‘Bushmaster’, 420.

Danish vernaculars, 479.

Darwin; complex organisms, 44;

cro. mutus, 176;

a living fossil, 244;

the Platypus, 263;

survival of the fittest, 267;

on the rattle, 311;

atrophied limbs, 326, 452.

Daudin, 353, 383, 488.

Davidson, Mr. (R. N.), a sea-ser., 251.

Davis’ Lectures at the Z. G., 24, 51, 214, 413 (see Flower, Huxley, Mivart).

Dean, Dr., a sea-ser. seen by, 249.

‘Deccan Days’, 517 (see Frere, Miss).

Deer kill rattlesnakes, 394.

Deglutition; manner of, 30, 111, et seq., 132;

facilitated by saliva, 35, 109, 113;

in drinking, 92, et seq.;

Schlegel on, 362;

watched at the Z. G., 581, et seq.

De Kay; ‘Zoology of N.Y.’, 85.

Demerara, ‘Bushmaster’ there, 423.

Dentition, 34;

of Deirodon, 67, et seq.;

of sea-ss., 241;

of sea-ser., 266;

various forms of, 342, et seq.;

distinguishing names in, 347;

illus. of, 349, 355, 356, 360;

not used in classification, 353;

Cuvier’s distinctions, 353;

Günther on, 354;

dentition of Zamenis, 137;

of Xenodons, 400, 404, 408;

of Liophis, 408 (see fangs).

Der Hoeven, on the tongue, 118;

on gestation, 435.

Dermis, see epidermis, sloughing, etc.

Desquamation, 329 (see sloughing).

Development; of poison glands, 535;

of fangs, 356 (see fangs, etc.).

Digestion;

power of, 36, 69, 352;

assisted by salivary secretions, 352, 557.

Dinornis, 43.

Dinotherium, 43.

‘Discourse of Brazil’, 271.

Disgorging, 38;

to facilitate escape, 36, 39, 61;

compulsory, 36, 38;

from terror, 61.

Dissection;

of a rattlesnake, 275, et seq.;

of Xenodon, 405.

Dog-teeth, 347, 369, 370 (see fang).

Doubleday, H., Esq., important evidence, 491.

Drachen, 48.

Dracon, ib.

Dracunculi, 196.

Dragon, 48, 101.

Drevar, George, a sea-ser. seen by, 257.

Drink, Do ss.? 76, et seq.

Drinking; 76, et seq.;

frequently, 79, et seq., 83;

die without, 89;

milk, 76, 85, 88, et seq.;

lured by milk, 76, 87;

two methods of, 80;

by suction, ib., 92;

by lapping, 89, 93 (see milk).

Drosera, 458.

Drummond, Lieutenant (R.N.), sea-ser. seen by, 260.

‘Dublin University Magazine’, 21, 312, 333.

Du Chaillu: ‘whistling’ ss., 154;

his Wild Life, 186.

Dudley, Paul: on the cro., 281;

a long rattle, 302.

Duméril: much quoted, 3;

Professor d’Erpétologie, 78;

py. drinking, 80;

on Schlegel, 90;

the tongue, 122, et seq.;

glottis, 136, 157, 222;

la languette, ib., 138;

hissing, ‘soufflement’, 147, et seq., 157;

quotes Linnæus, 161;

absorption of heat, 164;

physical feats of ss., 181;

anaconda, 228;

its spots, 338;

the rattle, 303;

cro. does not hiss, 313;

system of dentition, 347;

species of vs., 374;

les fossettes, 384;

tail of Lachesis, 387;

species of cro., 388;

the Jararaca, 427;

Python bivitatus, 444, et seq.

Duncan, Professor Martin, 376, et seq.

E

Echidnine, 534.

Edentata, 413.

Edentulous, 67, 414.

Effeldt, Rudolph; observations of the tongue, 124.

Egg: producers, ‘insects’, 43;

covering, 432, 433, 435, et seq. (see incubation, oviparous, ovoviviparous, etc.).

Eggs of ss., 78, 431;

produced by pys., 437, 442, et seq., 446, 449;

by boas, 449, et seq.;

by anaconda, 456;

by anguis fragilis, 462, et seq.;

by other ss., 431, 433, 435, 437, 440, et seq.

Eggs; of birds food of ss., 59, 63, 66, 430;

swallowed whole, 60, et seq.;

sometimes disgorged, 62, 69;

passed entire, 61, 69;

‘sucked’, 70;

food of lizards, 71, 591.

‘Egypt, History of’, 96;

sculptures of, 508;

jugglers in, 523;

ser. deities in, 172, 511;

myths of, 514;

charmers, 515, 523;

antidotes in, 525.

Electric fluid, 161.

‘Elementary Lessons in Physiology’, 121, 303 (see Huxley).

‘Elsie Venner’, 301.

Elwes, Mr. A. T., artist, 25, 516;

a witness, 185.

Emblems, 101, et seq., 172, 272, 509, et seq., 518.

Embryo, 435, 448, 451, 462, 466.

Emmons’ ‘Nat. Hist. of N.Y.’, 85.

Emotions;

feeble, 56, 159, 161;

expressed by the tail, 177, 179, et seq., 183;

by the ribs, 150, 328.

Encyclopædias, as books of reference, 90;

perplexing, ib., 418;

errors in, 362, 418.

‘Encyclopædia of Anatomy;’ the tongue, 118;

incubation, 434.

‘Encyclopædia Metropolitana;’ the ‘Bushmaster’, 420.

Endurance, powers of, 124, 166, 168, 321, 457, 489.

Epidermis; expansile, 30;

scales of, 46, 193, 316;

illustrated, 316;

magnified, 317;

head-shields, 318;

carinated, 319;

‘horns’, 320, 323;

developments of, 325, et seq.;

casting or sloughing, 329, et seq.;

the process watched, 333, 481;

health affected by, 329, 337;

patterns of skin, 338, et seq., 517;

illustrated, 339, 340.

Epiglottis, 132 (see glottis).

Erie, Lake, U.S., swarms of water ss., 226;

and of rattlesnakes, 289.

‘Erpétologie Générale’ (Suites de Buffon), 80, 122, 136, 147, 157, 161, 164, 181, 223, 305, 313, 384, et seq., 427, 444 (see Duméril).

‘Essai sur la Physionomie des Serpents’, 35, 77, 182;

translation of, 3, 209, 356, 363 (see Schlegel).

Essequibo, rambles in, 419.

Estivation, 162.

Evolution, 70, 132, 314, 327;

in fangs, 342, 350, 364.

Ewart, Dr., his experiments, 552.

Expansion: of the throat, 31;

of jaws, ib.;

of the skin, 30;

of the ribs, 150, 328.

‘Expedition to the Zambesi’, 230.

Expedition; U.S. Explorations, 162, 291, 376.

Experiments; on vs., 273, 281, 321;

on the fangs, 369, et seq., 377, et seq.;

in s. venom, 534, 535, et seq.;

in antidotes, 537, et seq.

Explorations, U.S., 162, 291, 309.

Eye of ss., 285, 328, et seq., 337, 350;

watching, 581, et seq.;

easily injured, 586.

Eye covering, 328, et seq.

F

Fabulous; animals, 101;

tongues, 102, 103;

ideas of reptiles, 511.

‘Fairie Queen’, the, 486.

Fangs; Cuvier’s distinction, 47, 353;

of sea-ss., 241, 266;

early experiments with, 274, 281;

mobility of early, described, 278, 283, 369, et seq.;

a means of defence, 311, 516;

functional pair, 345, 364, et seq.;

construction of, 356;

the ‘slit’, involution, 356, 358, 372;

illus. of, 356;

diversities of, 357;

succession of, 346, 350, 363, 372, et seq.;

action of, 370;

specially described, 377, et seq.;

a hypodermic syringe, 364, 379;

control of, 375;

fixed and moveable, 362;

reserve or supplementary, 366;