Garzik village, Lake Van, ii. 141

Garzoni, Maurizio, Roman Catholic missionary in Kurdistan in the 18th century, ii. 149

Gegham, Lake, see Sevan Lake

Gelarash Dagh, spur of the Ala Dagh, ii. 16

Gelat, Monastery of, district of Kutais, i. 45, 46, 47

Gelzer, Prof. H., i. 277, 292, 295, 299, 300, 309, 310, notes

Genj, District of, ii. 392

George I. of Georgia, i. 360

George III. of Georgia, i. 365, 366

George IV., katholikos, i. 236, 254, 263, 267, 273

Georgia, i. 429, 432, 433; 37, 39–51; 448.
Glance at the Georgian kingdom during the Middle Ages, i. 337 seq. passim.
It abdicates in favour of the Tsars, 446

Georgians, overlap into Armenia, i. 55–85, 86, 443.
Numbers in Armenia, 451, 455
(often classed as Turks, ibid. and ii. 417).
Their Church accepts the Council of Chalcedon, i. 313.
Unites with the Russian Orthodox Church, 463.
Their curious method of catching fish, i. 76.
Their language, ii. 68 note 3

German colonists, their origin in Transcaucasia, i. 96–99;
met with in Armenia, 410

Gez, village near Erzerum, ii. 227

Ghubanoff, Michael Vasilievich (Dukhobortsy), brother of Lukeria Vasilievna, i. 108

Giaour Dagh, northern border of Armenia, i. 430, ii. 243

Ginal Dagh, i. 434

Girdim Dagh, Turkish Armenia, ii. 386, 392

Glak Vank (Changalli), ii. 180 note 1

Gobet, Mussulman village, Akhaltsykh district, i. 74

Godorebi, Mt. of the Abul-Samsar volcanic system, i. 95

Gökcheh Lake, see Sevan Lake

Göl Bashi, hamlet on Mush plain, ii. 319

Göl Bashi, Pool of, a source of the Kara Su, ii. 319

Göleh, district in northern Armenia, i. 430, 431, 437, 439, 443

Golgat, Armenian village, Alagöz district, i. 133

Göli, Armenian hamlet, Lake Van, ii. 138

Göljik, Lake, ii. 387;
indications of a rise in the level, 53 note

Gop, Lake (Bulama, Lake of Shailu), near Bilejan Dagh, ii. 337, 343, 344.
Analysis of its water, Appendix II.

Gop, large Armenian village, district of Bulanik, ii. 344, 345.
Mileage to Charbahur, 353 note

Gopal, Armenian village, Akh Dagh district, ii. 258, 259

Gopal Su, tributary of the Bingöl Su (Khinis), ii. 260

Gorelovka, see Dukhobortsy

Gori Mokri Mts., Northern Armenia, i. 87, 433

Goschen, Rt. Hon. G. J., ambassador to Turkey, ii, 410

Goshkar Baba (shoemaker to the Prophet), grave near Bingöl Dagh, ii. 372

Gotimeria Dagh, Northern Armenia, i. 430, 431

Gotni, Kurdish village, Mush plain, ii. 163

Gotok, village of settled Kurds, vilayet of Bitlis, ii. 142

Gozme Gedik Pass, Mush plain, ii. 396

Grand-Comneni, line of Greek emperors at Trebizond, i. 35–36

Graves, Mr. R. W., British Consul at Erzerum, ii. 8, 199, 413 note 2

Greeks in Armenia, i. 122, 129, 331, 332, 451, 455;
in the northern peripheral region, i. 432, 456, ii. 236, 237–244

Greene, Mr. F. D., American missionary at Van, ii. 92, 95

Gregory, Saint (Lusavorich or The Illuminator), i. 259–261; 288–301; 200, 201, 204, 254, 262, 264 note 5, 265, 269, 271, 283, 284, 306, 311, 348, ii. 178 and note 2

Gregory Magistros, persecutes the Thonraki, i. 285

Grigor, grandson of St. Gregory, i. 267

Grigor (Pahlavid), father of Vahram, i. 381, 382, 383 note 3

Grigor, son of Vahram, i. 385

Gudubgokh (Surb Yakob), Chapel near Lake Van, ii. 137

Gugoghlan, Kurdish village, Shushar district, ii. 375

Gujaretis, Valley of the, i. 433

Gumbet Dagh, i. 430, 431

Gumgum, village and capital of the caza of Varto, ii. 183, 356, 371

Gumgum Su, affluent of the Bingöl Su (Charbahur), ii. 358, 367, 368

Gümri, see Alexandropol

Gümüshkhaneh, town in vilayet of Trebizond and capital of Greek diocese of Chaldia, ii. 69, 240, 243, 382;
famous for its silver mines, 243.
Communications, i. 432

Gundemir, ancient Armenian village, Bingöl district, ii. 182, 358, 359

Gunduz, Armenian hamlet, plain of Khinis, ii. 257

Gunek Su, affluent of Eastern Euphrates, ii. 389, 392, 406

Günther, Mr. R. T., ii. 43 note, 48 and Appendix II.

Gurgi Boghaz (Georgian Gates), Erzerum-Olti, ii. 203, 227, 245

Gurgur, name given to the passage of the Murad out of Mush plain, ii. 177.
Ruins of a fortress there, ibid.

Guria, Province of, i. 42, 43

Gutschmid, Alfred von, i. 278, 287, 288, 289, 291, 292, 295, 300, 301, notes

Guyard, M. Stanislas, ii. 56

Güzel Dere, Beauteous Valley, Bitlis district, ii. 45, 143, 402

Güzul Dere, village on Alagöz, i. 135

Gypsies, in Garchigan, ii. 139 note.
At Gopal, 260.
Are they the remnant of a Hindu colony? 178

Hadrian, Roman Emperor, i. 12, ii. 40

Haidar Bey, village near Lake Van, ii. 28

Haini, town of, ii. 388, 396

Haji Khalil, village, Alagöz district, i. 135

Hakkiari, district of, ii. 88, 421 note, 424

Halys River, i. 4;
its delta is celebrated for tobacco, ibid.

Hamdun, Arab emir, i. 353

Hamidiyeh, irregular cavalry recruited by the Turkish Govt. among the Kurds and Karapapakhs, ii. 5, 6, 13, 14, 17, 26, 88, 172, 184, 187, 195, 219, 255, 260, 266, 276, 283, 314, 344, 356, 357, 421, 422, 423

Hamilton W. J., i. 33; 32, 367 notes

Hamsi Keui, Upper and Lower, villages, Machka Dere, ii. 241, 236 note

Hargin, village on Lake Van, ii. 27, 29

Hasan Kala, ancient town in Pasin, ii. 61, 174, 193, 219

Hasan Keif, primeval village on the Tigris, ii. 395

Hasuna, village of Hasananli Kurds at the foot of Kartevin Dagh, ii. 268, 275

Haxthausen, A. von, i. 235; 66, 90, 234, 273, notes

Hayk, city of, result of excavations at, ii. 71

Hayk, son of Togarmah, grandson of Japhet, reputed progenitor of the Armenians, i. 318, ii. 70, 78, 274

Haykaberd, ruins of an Armenian fortress near the passage of the Murad from Mush Plain, ii. 177

Hayotz-dzor, district of, Lake Van, ii. 71, 394

Hazo, town of, ii. 429, 431

Heraclius, Roman emperor, i. 314, ii. 222

Heraklea, Black Sea, i. 2

Hieron Oros, see Ieros

Hincks, Dr., ii. 56 note 1

Hindu refugees, their temples at Surb Karapet destroyed by St. Gregory, ii. 178;
the gypsies in Armenia are said to be their descendants, ibid.,
and their language is known as Sanskrit among the Armenians, ibid.

Hindu Kush Mts., i. 423, 424, 425, 435

Hipsinek, Armenian village, Akantz district, ii. 23

Hittites, The, ii. 61

Hiznavuz (Kiznaus), Armenian village near Edgmiatsin, i. 316

Honentz, family of, i. 375

Hoseyn Ali Khan, Sirdar of Erivan, i. 214, 217

Hoseyn Pasha, chief of the Haideranli and ruler of territory of Patnotz, ii. 17, 20, 21

Hrazdan or Zanga River, see Zanga

Huns, The, i. 287, 303

Iberians, The, i. 395, ii. 68 note 3

Ibn-Alathir, Arab historian, ii. 29 and note 2

Ibrahim Pasha, adjutant of Kurd Hamidiyeh, ii 344

Ibrahim Sheikh, unknown ruler at Vostan, Lake Van, ii. 125–126

Ieros (Hieron Oros), cape near Trebizond, i. 8, 13, 33

Igmal, village on Lake Van, ii. 27

Iki Kube, quarter of Akhlat, ii. 284–287

Ilantash or Karatash, plateau of, near Akantz, ii. 28

Ildigiz, Atabeg governor of Azerbaijan, i. 366

Ilija, village in Erzerum district, ii. 227

Imeritia, i. 42, 45, 47, 430

Ineboli, ancient town on the Black Sea, i. 3, 4, 6, 35

Innaknean Vank (Changalli), ii. 180 note 1

Inuspuas, Vannic king, ii. 72, 110 note

Iris, river flowing into Black Sea, i. 4;
its delta is celebrated for its Indian corn, ibid.

Isa, Arab governor, i. 340

Isaac the Great, katholikos, i. 312

Iskandar Pasha, ii. 289

Iskele, harbour of Van city and name of a gate, ii. 36, 49, 108 note

Ismail I., Shah, i. 210, ii. 78

Ispahan, i. 264 note 5, 440

Ispir, town on the Chorokh, i. 431, ii. 68 and note 3

Ispuinis, Vannic king, ii. 60 and note 3, 72.
Inscription of, 110 note, 112

Issaverdens, i. 277 note 2, ii. 222

Jacob, Saint, Bishop of Nisibis, his attempt to ascend Ararat, i. 184, 185; 269

Jacob (James IV.), katholikos, i. 262, 268 note

Jagluya Mts., near Kagyzman, famous for their rich pastures, i. 419

Jaila, Armenian hamlet, Alexandropol district, i. 119

Jala, Armenian village, Shuragel district, i. 330

Javresh Dagh, Kighi district, ii. 389

Jejen Dagh, ii. 203, 227, 230, 245, 382, 400, 403

Jejen Dagh, Pass of (Khoshabpunar), ii. 382 and 240 note

Jelal-ud-Din, Sultan of Kharizme, ii. 295, 296

Jellap, Armenian village and posting station, Alexandropol district, i. 122

Jelu Dagh, Kurdistan, ii. 388, 395

Jenghiz Khan, Ani sacked by, i. 366, 377

Jerusalem, Armenian patriarchate of, ii. 453

Jesuits, see Missions

Jevizlik, town of Deïrmen Dere, ii. 238;
mileage to Trebizond and Baiburt, 225 note, 240 note

Jezireh, town in Kurdistan, ii. 433

Jezirok, village on Lake Nazik, ii. 323

Jil Göl, Lake of Rushes, Sipan district, ii. 331;
outlet of the waters, 341;
increase in the level, ibid., and 47 note 1

John Katholikos, Armenian historian, i. 335, 341, 344, 345, 346, 347, 348, 350, 352

John the Baptist, Saint (Surb Karapet), cult of in Armenia, i. 283–284, 295

John the Philosopher, katholikos, i. 284

John Sembat, Bagratid dynasty, i. 355 seq., 373, 390

John Zimiskes, Byzantine emperor of Armenian descent, i. 353, 354

Jude, Saint, the apostle, i. 277 note 2

Julfa, village on the Araxes, i. 434, 435, 444

Julfa, New, i. 233 note 2, 264 note 5

Justinian, Roman Emperor, i. 27, ii. 222

Kabak-Tepe or Kizilkaya, Kars district, i. 394

Kagdarich, village on the Western Euphrates, ii. 228

Kagyzman, town near the Araxes, i. 148, 413–417, 419, 459.
Pop. of, 417;
account of town and castle by Evliya, 416 note

Kala-i-Zerin, see Zernak

Kalaji, Kurdish village, Shushar district, ii. 251

Kalajik, village of, Lake Van. ii. 38, 112

Kalajik, castled crag of, near the Vavuk Pass, ii. 243

Kala Su, Pasin district, ii. 193

Kamarlu, village of Armenians and Tartars, Ararat district, i. 154, 201, 203

Kanjean, village in the Elmali Dere, ii. 399

Kanlija, near Alexandropol, cuneiform inscriptions found at, ii. 61, 73

Kanly Dagh, Northern Armenia, i. 437

Kara Ali, Circassian village, plain of Melazkert, ii. 277

Karabagh, country forming an Armenia in miniature on the side of the Caspian, i. 434; 254, 423, 445, 449, 453, 454.
Kurds in, 455 and cp. 364

Karachanta, Mussulman village, Alexandropol district, i. 122

Karachoban, Armenian village on Bingöl Su, ii. 257

Karadagh, northern Azerbaijan, i. 434, 435

Karaghun, Kurdish hamlet, Sipan district, ii. 342

Kara Hasan Su, affluent to the Western Euphrates, ii. 228

Karaja Dagh, Mesopotamia, ii. 388

Karakach Dagh (Gori Mokri, Northern Armenia), i. 87, 434, 438, 441

Karakala, ruins on the Araxes, i. 318, 319, 321

Karahisar, town of (Shabin Karahisar), i. 431, ii. 204

Kara Kala, see Bingöl Dagh

Karakaya Dagh, Tauric Armenia, ii. 386

Karakilisa, Alashkert, ii. 2–10, 266.
Kaimakam of, 7–8, 255

Karakilisa, village near Lake Van, ii. 23

Kara Mehemet, Armenian village on plain of Alexandropol, i. 122

Karaogli, village on Murad, ii. 346, 347

Karapapakhs or Black Caps, ii. 6, 14, 266; i. 455, 456; ii. 5, 267

Karass, Scotch mission at i. 99

Kara Su, Ararat, i. 156, 183, 187, 201

Kara Su, Mush plain, ii. 162 note, 176, 317, 319

Kara Su, Western Euphrates, ii. 209, 228, 406

Karatash, see Ilantash

Kara Vank, Armenian village on Aghri Dagh, i. 418

Karchkhal Mts., Pontic region, i. 430

Karembe, Cape (Black Sea), i. 3

Kargabazar Heights (Pasin), ii. 193, 203, 227.
See also i. 431, 432

Karin, see Erzerum

Karkar Dagh (Lake Van), ii. 388

Karke, Mt. (in Taron), site of heathen temples, i. 295, 296.
Site identified, 296 note 2

Karlik Tepe, Trebizond, i. 34

Karmuch, Armenian village near Akhlat, ii. 45, 299

Karniarch, mountain and landmark near Alagöz, i. 138, 140, 317

Karnirash, hamlet of Kurds, foot of Nimrud, ii. 319

Karri Chai, tributary to the Kur, i. 443

Kars (Karutz), ancient fortified city and modern fortress in Northern Armenia, visited and described, i. 393–408; 39, 61, 330, 331, 332, 333, 442, 459.
History, 395–399, 352, 353, 354, 356, 358, 360, 364.
Elevation, 439.
Pop. of the town, 405, 406.
Do. of the province, 451.
View of, 406.
Plan, 395.
Railway from Tiflis recently completed, 40 note

Kars, river of, curiosities attending its course, i. 442, 394, 413

Kartevin Dagh, ii. 16, 263, 265, 268, 277, 333, 337, 397, 401

Kasagh River (Abaran Su), i. 242, 245, 316

Kastamuni, town in Asia Minor, i. 3, 6, 35

Katranideh, Queen of Armenia, wife of Gagik, i. 373

Kazikly Dagh, northern border, ii. 240, 382

Keban-Maden, Euphrates, ii. 390

Kegham, Lake, see Sevan Lake

Kekeli, Armenian village, Bilejan district, ii. 343

Kelkid-Chiftlik, town on the Lycus, ii. 234

Kelkid Su (Lycus), i. 431, ii. 406

Kemakh (Ani), the burial-place of Armenian Arsakid kings, ii. 390.
Fane of Aramazd destroyed by St. Gregory, i. 294

Kemurly, Upper and Lower, Kagyzman district, i. 413, 414, 416

Kerasun, Black Sea, i. 6, 18, 431

Keremitlu Dagh, fortified hill near Erzerum, ii. 203

Kerim, notorious brigand in the Caucasus, i. 153

Kerkür Dagh, volcanic pile on the flank of Nimrud, ii. 50, 160–161, 312, 316, 317

Ker Porter, Sir R., i. 201 note, 319, 323, 324, 367, 405

Kersik or Kersuk Su, Elmali Dere district, ii. 263;
confluence with the Murad, 265

Kerwanserai, Kurdish settlement, slopes of Alagöz, i. 135

Keser Su, tributary of the Tigris, ii. 148

Keshish Göl, on the slopes of Mt. Varag, ii. 64;
stele near with inscription of Rusas I., ibid.

Kestano (Bejano), Plain of Akhalkalaki, i. 87 note

Ketivan, Mohammedan village near Hasan Kala, ii. 193

Kety Dagh, Karabagh border, i. 434

Keupek Dagh, Terjan district, ii. 386

Khach Dagh, Terjan district, ii. 386, 393

Khachkar Mts., i. 430

Khadrak station, valley of Balakhor, ii. 234

Khaldians, subjects of the old Vannic kings, their history, language and art, ii. 56–65.
Character of their civilisation, 53, 65, 71, 76, 111, 116.
Was there any racial or cultural link between them and the Chaldees? 70.
Approximate date of their overthrow, 65, 66.
The remnant known to Greek writers as Chaldians and the mountainous country to which they were driven as Chaldia—a name which survives to the present day, 68, 69

Khaldis, supreme god of the old Vannic kings and their people, ii. 57

Khalias Dagh or Mergemir, ii. 263, 269, 337, 389

Khama Dagh, ii. 384

Khamur Dagh, seen from Köshk, ii. 13,
from Tutakh, 14;
from Bashkent Ova, 185;
from the Palandöken Pass, 247;
from Khinis plain, 257;
from the village of Demian, 277.
Ascent of the principal ridge, 348–351.
Geological composition of, 257, 349, 371.
Monument on the summit, 350;
view of the surrounding country, 351.
Connection with Bingöl, 350, 371.
Photograph, 252, Fig. 177

Khancharli, village of, Northern Armenia, i. 119

Khanik, Circassian village, Sipan district, ii. 278

Khanikoff, N. V., his ascent of Ararat, i. 199

Khan Mahmud, Kurdish chieftain, ii. 78

Kharaba, ruins of village on the site of Ali Mur, district of Khinis, ii. 252

Kharaba, quarter of Akhlat q.v., ii. 284

Kharput, ancient Armenian town on a hill near the banks of the Murad, ii. 390;
pop. 391;
do. of the province, 413, 425.
Large number of villages in the vicinity, 391;
products of the neighbourhood, ibid.
The Americans have a flourishing Mission and a well-equipped College, ibid.; 388, 396.
Plain of, 390

Kharshut River, ii. 234, 236, 242

Khashkeui, Armenian village on Plain of Mush, ii. 165

Khashlu, village, Bilejan district, ii. 345

Khedonun, village of Jibranli Kurds, ii. 250

Kherbesor, village, Shushar district, ii. 252, 373

Kherbesor cliffs, Bingöl plateau, ii. 373, 398

Khertvis, town at the junction of Kur and river of Akhalkalaki, i. 76;
66 note, 74, 85.

Khindris Plain, ii. 389, 392

Khinis, town of, visited and described, ii. 186–188, 253, 254–255.
Pop. 187.
Emigration of Armenians from the district, 219.
Mileage to Mush and Erzerum, 174 note.
Do. to Tutakh, 255 note

Khinis, plain of, ii. 186, 188, 256–258, 351, 401.
A seat of the Thonraki, i. 285

Khinis, river of, a component of the Bingöl Su, ii. 186, 188, 253

Khizan, region south of Lake Van, ii. 397

Khodzko, J., his ascent of Ararat, i. 199

Khojabek, Armenian village, Akhalkalaki district, i. 105

Khorasan, village at the narrows of the Araxes, i. 146, ii. 194

Khorasan, Province and Mts. of northern Persia, i. 423, 426

Khoren Stephaneh, monk at Edgmiatsin, i. 248

Khor Virap, Monastery near the Araxes, visited, i. 200, 203, 204.
Erected on the site of St. Gregory’s dungeon, ibid.

Khoshab River (Enghil Su) Lake Van, ii. 44, 50, 122, 394.
The waters of the Khoshab basin are taken to the suburbs of Van by the Shamiram Su, 60

Khosha Vank (Kizil Kilisa), Armenian village on the Arpa Chai, i. 328

Khosha Vank, Monastery of (Horomos), visited and described, i. 387–390; 328

Khoshkhosh, Queen, her tomb at Varag, ii. 115

Khosrov Pasha, donor of a pulpit to the mosque at Vostan, ii. 125

Khosrovidukht, sister of King Tiridates, i. 259, 261, 264

Khozapin, Lake, Northern Armenia, i. 87 note

Khram, Valley of the, i. 89

Khram Mts., i. 433

Khrimean, Katholikos Mekertich, i. 236, 242, 246–248, 249, 250, 251–256, ii. 86, 96, 103, 115, 408

Khvandzeh, wife of Shahanshah, i. 375

Kiaya, the head man of a Christian village, ii. 176 note 2

Kiepert, Prof. H., ii. 383 note, 408

Kighi Su or Peri Su, ii. 389, 392, 406

Kighi Kasaba, town of, ii. 390, 393

Kighi, district of, view of the from the hill of Gugoghlan, ii. 376.
Eastern limits, 380.
Characteristics, 393, 405

Kilich Gedik Mts., ii. 2, 12, 13, 262, 263, 264, 266, 337

Kilisa Deresi, Armenian Church on the Plain of Khinis, ii. 188, 253

Kimball, Dr. Grace, of the American Mission at Van, ii. 92

Kindirantz, capital of the caza of Garchigan, ii. 138–140

Kindirantz, plain of, natural phenomenon which is repeated every year, ii. 139

Kinneir, Macdonald, ii. 151, 231 note

Kip Göl, crater lake on Ararat, i. 199

Kirakos, katholikos, i. 264 note 5

Kirk Bulakh River (Forty Springs), Erivan, i. 209

Kirk Deïrmen, pass near Erzerum, ii. 202

Kirklar, a quarter of Akhlat, ii. 284

Kirklar Göl, pool on summit of Sipan, ii. 334

Kisir Dagh, Chaldir, i. 394, 438, 441

Kitowa Dagh Pass, ii. 240, 242, 382

Kizilbash, people usually classed as Kurds but professing a distinctive form of religion, ii. 418, 419;
numbers in Armenia, 414, 416 note; 12, 185, 187, 252, 390

Kizil-Goch River, tributary to the Arpa Chai, i. 119

Kizilkaya, see Kabak Tepe

Kizilkilisa, village on the Arpa Chai, i. 328

Kiziltash, cuneiform slab near Artemid, ii. 120, 121

Kizvag, village on Lake Van, ii. 315;
menaced by increase in level of water, 52

Klupffell, M. de, i. 38

Knapp, Messrs. G. C. and George, American missionaries, ii. 154

Koblian Chai, tributary of the Kur, i. 57

Kobulety, station, i. 42

Koch, K., i. 107, 436, 437, 443, ii. 176, 210, 211

Kohanam Dagh (Sepuh), i. 348 note

Kolchis, i. 7, 18, 42, 432, ii. 239;
glances at the history of, i. 62, 343, 344, 345, 349

Kolibaba Mt., Khamur, ii. 333, 348, 350, 372

Komitas, katholikos, i. 263, 264 note 5, 265, 270, 291 note

Koms, quarter of Bitlis, ii. 154

Kop Dagh, ii. 203, 227, 230, 245, 386, 403

Kop Dagh Pass, elevation, ii. 230

Korakhbur, village near Efremovka, i. 118

Kordikran, village in Garchigan, ii. 139

Korduk (Kurdistan), i. 309 note 1, ii. 429

Koriun, i. 291 note, 301 note 1

Kör Ogly Dagh, Abul Samsar, volcanic group, i. 95

Kör Su, tributary of the Murad, district of Bulanik, ii. 346

Kör Su, tributary of Murad, Karakilisa, ii. 9

Köshk, Kurdish village, district of Tutakh, ii. 13–17

Köshmür Dagh, Kighi district, ii. 389

Kotur River, Azerbaijan, ii. 386

Kovaleffsky, his ascent of Little Ararat, i. 199

Kozli, Armenian village on slopes of Akh Dagh, ii. 256

Krasnovodsk Mts., Caspian seaboard, their connection with the structural system of Asia, i. 425

Krimizi Tuzla, village, Khamur district, ii. 260

Ktutz, island and monastery in Lake Van, ii. 32, 33

Kuarkuareh, atabeg, i. 64

Küchik Keui, village near Kars, i. 397

Kuenlun Mts., their connection with the structural system of Asia, i. 424, 425

Kukurt Dagh, Artvin, i. 430

Kulaxis, quarter of Akhlat, ii. 284

Kulli, Kurdish village, Tekman district, ii. 190;
Brant’s account of in 1838, ibid. note 1; 398

Kulp, district of, ii. 396

Kulpi, salt mines of, Ararat district, i. 319, ii. 385

Küp Keran, Armenian village, near Karakilisa, ii. 9

Kur River or river of Ardahan, i. 73 seq.; 56, 63, 94, 118, 394.
Sources and course through Armenia, 443

Kurdistan or Kurd-land, situation, ii. 395; 145, i. 424, 429.
Characteristics, ii. 145, 148, 394.
Divided into five considerable principalities during the 18th century, 149.
Condition of the Armenian inhabitants, ii. 429–431.
Suggestions for the proper government of, ii. 433, 434

Kurds, their antiquity, ii. 69.
Their picturesqueness, ii. 396 and cp. 250.
Portraits of, ii. 5, 16, 17, 163.
Characteristics, i. 427, ii. 419.
In Armenia the tribal Kurds are quite out of place, the conditions of their life there being unnatural, ii. 1 and passim in the narrative of the journeys; 420–424.
How they came to their present seats there, 421.
Their numbers in Armenia, i. 451, ii. 414.
Various Kurdish tribes in Armenia visited: Zilanli, ii. 6;
Hasananli, 21, 191, 259, 260, 267, 268, 276, 322–323;
Haideranli (Patnotz, etc.), 16, 20, 26, 422, 187;
Adamanli, 21, 26;
Sipkanli, 16, 267, 268;
Jibranli, 184, 187, 250, 357, 371, 372;
Zirkanli, 187, 190;
Zireki, 250, 380.
See also Kizilbash

Kuseh Dagh, Ararat system, i. 436; ii. 10 and Fig. 112, 193, 267, 277, 312, 336;
altitude, 384

Kuseh Dagh, northern border of Armenia, i. 430

Kutais, capital of Imeritia, visited and described, i. 45–48;
vineyards there, 55.
Govt. of, 447, 449

Kutlerusky, General, takes Akhalkalaki, i. 89

Kzia, River and Plain of, i. 433

Lakes in Armenia, notices of Strabo, Pliny and Ptolemy, ii. 40–43.
The great lakes described (Van, Urmi, Gökcheh), 39, 43–46;
analyses of their waters, 468–470.
Fluctuations in their level, 46–53.
See also 402–404

Lanchkuty, village of, Black Sea coast, i. 43

Layard, Sir A. H., ii. 55, 133; 69, 79, 115, 233, 283, 296, 324, 344, notes

Lazar Pharpetzi, i. 291 note 1, 302 note 1

Lazis or inhabitants of Lazistan, i. 42, 427, 432

Lehmann, Prof. C. F., ii. 56 seq. and see Bibliography, 492

Lemberg, Armenian colony at, i. 367

Leo VI., Byzantine emperor, i. 341, 346, ii. 223, 295

Leontius, archbishop of Cæsarea, i. 295 note 1

Leter, village of, district of Bulanik, ii. 342

Lichig, village of, Kighi district, ii. 392

Liz, town of, Bulanik district, ii. 345, 351

Loftus, W. K., ii. 30, 47, 50, 51; 30, 47, 385 notes

Longworth, Mr., British Consul at Trebizond, i. 11

Lori, town in Georgia, i. 353, 356, 465

Lukas, katholikos, i. 264 note 5

Lukeria Vasilievna, see Dukhobortsy

Lurs, The, i. 427, ii. 419

Lutipris, Vannic dynasty, ii. 71 note 3

Lycus River, see Kelkid

Lynch, Commodore H. B., ii. 440

Macdonald, Sir John, British ambassador to Persia, tomb at Edgmiatsin, i. 266.

Madatapa, Lake, district of Akhalkalaki, i. 87, 118

Madatapa ridge, i. 430

Madavantz, Armenian semi-troglodyte village near Akhlat, ii. 293;
the Church is said to have been built by St. Thaddeus, ibid.

Maden Khan, settlement near Baiburt, ii. 232, 225 note, 240 note

Maden, hamlet near the Zigana Pass, ii. 242

Madrak, Kurdish village, Tekman district, ii. 248, 249; 373, 375, 380, 381

Magaspert, Arpa Chai, i. 442

Mahmud Bey, Kurdish chieftain, Bingöl district, ii. 365

Mahmudia, territory of, ii. 122

Makar, katholikos, i. 220, 236, 264 note 5

Malatia, town in Asia Minor, sacked by the Seljuk Turks, i. 358

Malek Shah, his relations with Ani, i. 365

Mamakanlu, Kurdish tribe said to be descended from the Mamikonean family, ii. 421 note

Mamakhatun, town in the district of Terjan, ii. 231

Mamlun, Arab governor of Azerbaijan, i. 355

Mangasar, village of, Alashkert, ii. 7

Manna, collected by the peasants, Bitlis district, ii. 151

Manuchar, atabeg, i. 64

Manuchar, Beni-Cheddad family, i. 365, 370, 377

Manzara, village, plain of Akalkalaki, i. 105

Marco Polo, ii. 29

Margistan, village of, near Vardzia, i. 79

Markoff, Dr. E., his ascent of Ararat, i. 176, 199

Marmashen, ruins of the monastery of near Alexandropol, visited and described, i. 131, 132; 355

Marmed Chai, Lake Van, ii. 44

Marr, Mr. N., his excavations at Ani, i. 377, 381

Mastikan Dagh, Taurus system, ii. 389

Matthew of Edessa, i. 352–366 passim

Maunsell, Major F. R., ii. 45

Maximin II., Roman emperor, his relations with Armenia, i. 300

Maximoff, M., Russian Consul at Erzerum, ii. 199

Mechinkert, Upper and Lower villages on the Enghil Su, Lake Van, ii. 122

Meiriman, Valley of, Pontic region, ii. 239–240, 382

Mekhitarists, Order of the, i. 291 note 1, 314 note

Mejitli, Kurdish hamlet on the Upper Araxes, ii. 191

Melazkert (Manazkert), ancient town and fortress on the Murad, visited and described, ii. 268–274, 275 note 2; and cp. i. 378.
History, ii. 274–275, 58, 71; i. 34, 355, 358, 360, 364.
Communications, ii. 11, 89, 264, 266, 277.
Hamidiyeh there, ii. 191, 276, 422.
Its central position, ii. 434.
Its plain, ii. 268, 276, 277, 337, 401;
elevation, 265 note.
Plan, 271

Melikoff, Loris, Russian general of Armenian origin, i. 126, 233, 399, 465

Menaskut, district of, Tauric Armenia, ii. 392

Menuas, Vannic king, ii. 60, 72–73, 392; 110, 112, 120, 274, 275, notes

Mergemir Dagh, see Khalias

Merghuk Su, head waters of the Kighi Su, ii. 375, 393

Merjan-Muzur Dagh, Tauric Armenia, ii. 386–388, 390, 392, 402

Merujan, an Armenian bishop of 3rd century, i. 279

Merwanids, Kurdish dynasty, their rule at Akhlat, ii. 295

Meschic or Moschic Mts., i. 40, 41, 47, 425, 433

Mesgeldek, village, Lake Van, ii. 123

Mesrop, inventor of the Armenian alphabet, i. 312

Messalianism, Armenian heresy, i. 284

Mezik, village of, near Lake Nazik, ii. 321

Michael IV., Paphlago, Byzantine emperor, his claims on Ani, i. 361, 362

Midyat, hill ranges of, Mesopotamia, ii. 395

Migry, village, valley of Araxes, i. 434

Milan, Kurdish village, Tutakh district, ii. 15

Mingrelia, Georgian province, i. 42

Minni, The, ii. 61, 72, 74

Mirabet, village of, Lake Van, ii. 136

Missions. (1) The earliest missionary enterprise in Armenia appears to have been that of the Dominicans, ii. 485.
(2) Jesuit Missions were established in the 17th century, ii. 153, 472,
and the Roman Catholic Church is still active in Turkish Armenia, 153, 170, 217,
though it does not make as much progress among the Armenians of the tableland as among their countrymen elsewhere, ii. 425.
(3) Protestant Missions:—the Basle Mission, i. 98–102.
The American Mission (Congregational Church of America) has been established in Asiatic Turkey from an early date in the 19th century, ii. 93;
its activities in Armenia are practically confined to the Armenians (Gregorian Christians), ibid.;
schools, hospitals and orphanages have been opened, 94, 95,
and the standard of living has been raised both in the material and the moral spheres, ibid.
The Mission at Van, ii. 93–95;
at Bitlis, 153, 154;
at Erzerum, 217;
at Kharput, 391.
Activity of the missionaries in the plain of Khinis, 256.
They are viewed with suspicion by the Russian Govt. and experience difficulty in crossing Russian Armenia, i. 102

Mithros, Mount of (Boz Tepe), i. 9, 10, 17

Mohammed II., Ottoman sultan, takes Trebizond and closes the Black Sea to Europe and commerce, i. 22, 36;
takes Erzerum, ii. 223

Mokri Gori (Wet Mountains), Northern Armenia, i. 87

Moldavia, emigration of Armenians to, i. 367

Molokans, Russian sectaries settled in Northern Armenia, their villages visited, i. 410–412; 456, 457.
Molokans at Erivan, 209

Monahan, Mr., British Consul at Bitlis, ii. 304

Monteith, W., i. 66 note, 90, 232

Morier, J., i. 218, 232, 269; 210, 216, notes

Morkh, village of and stream, ii. 162

Moses of Khorene, national historian of the Armenians, i. 278, 302, ii. 54, 222; i. 291 note

Moses, katholikos, i. 212, 264 note 5

Mosul, town on the Tigris, ii. 148, 396, 433

Mugni, monastery of near Ashtarak, i. 140, 141

Mukus, district of, ii. 135, 397

Müller, Prof. D. H., ii. 56 note

Müller-Simonis, Mr. P., ii. 80; 28, 110, 121, 293, notes

Murad, river, see Euphrates, Eastern

Murad, Mr. Serapion, i. 247

Murad Khan, station near Tekke, ii. 243

Muravieff, Russian general, i. 397

Murian, village on the banks of the Gopal Su, ii. 260

Mushegh, Bagratid king of Kars, i. 353, 395

Mush, town of, visited and described, ii. 166–173.
Pop. of the town, 172–173,
of the sanjak, 413.
Hamidiyeh there, 173.
Communications, 12, 160, 174, 396

Mush, plain of, ii. 161–167, 175–177, 181, 317–319, 355;
length of the plain, 181 note;
the Armenian inhabitants are in a large majority, 173, 424; 50, 195 note 2, 200, 308, 311, 393, 394, 401, 404

Muzur Su, affluent of Eastern Euphrates, ii. 390, 406

Nadir Shah, i. 211, 214, 267, 396

Nahapet, katholikos, i. 271

Nairi, ii. 58, 60

Nakhichevan, town on the Araxes, i. 342, 345, 346, 357

Nakhichevan, New, town of, i. 233 note 2

Nazik, village of, ii. 321–323

Nazik, Lake, visited and described, ii. 321–324; 45, 46, 284, 309, 333, 337;
elevation, 323;
analysis of waters, 470

Nepat, Mt., identified with the modern Ala Dagh (Niphates), ii. 41.
Tiridates and the Armenian people receive baptism in its vicinity, i. 296

Nepiszkaro Dagh, i. 430

Nerses I., katholikos, surnamed The Great, i. 307–309; 264 note 5, 275, 295 note 1, 299, 305, 311

Nerses III., katholikos, surnamed The Builder, i. 264 note 5, 265, 266 note 1, 272, 284

Nerses IV., katholikos, i. 268

Nerses V., katholikos, i. 235, 245, 266, 273

Nerses of Lambron, i. 314 note

Nerses, patriarch of Constantinople, i. 241, ii. 410 note

Nestorianism, adopted by the Christian Church of Persia, i. 313

Nestorians, name sometimes given to the Christians inhabiting the recesses of Kurdistan. See Chaldæans

Nice, Council of, i. 281, 282, 301, 312

Nicholas I. Emperor of Russia, i. 103; 125, 233

Nikephorus Phokas, Byzantine emperor, i. 353

Nikephorus, Byzantine governor of Vaspurakan, i. 360 note

Nimrud, gigantic extinct volcanic crater at the south-westerly extremities of Lake Van, visited and described, ii. 298–313;
views of, Fig. 145, p. 142, and Figs. 185, 186, pp. 298, 302.
Plans, 305, 312; 32, 45, 50, 51, 118, 122, 141, 181, 269, 337, 362, 388, 397, 401

Norashen, Armenian village on the slopes of Alagöz, i. 134

Norkeui, village on Lake Van, ii. 136

Norshen, Kurdish village on the plain of Mush, ii. 162, 318

Norshen, Pool of, ii. 45, 162, 163, 317, 318

Norshunjik, village on the slopes of Sipan, ii. 330

Novo-Bayazet, town of, i. 453

Novo-Michaelovka, Molokan village, i. 411

Nurduz district, ii. 397

Of, village of, Lazistan district, i. 11

Okhan, village of, near Tutakh, ii. 13

Okhtchapert, grottoes of, Erivan district, i. 201 note

Olti, town of, i. 431, 432, 437, 453. ii. 203

Ordubad, town on the Araxes, i. 434, 453

Orlovka, Russian village and small lake, district of Akhalkalaki, i. 106, 115

Ortukids, Turkish dynasty which adopted the double-headed eagle as their emblem, ii. 211 and note 3

Oswald, Herr A., his ascent of Ararat, i. 199 note

Ovajik, upland district north of Erzerum plain, ii. 406

Ozurgeti, capital of Guria, i. 43

Pahlavuni, family of, i. 381, 385

Pakharij, ancient township, province of Terjan, i. 294

Palandöken (Saddle Shifter), peak of volcanic origin, north of Erzerum, ii. 202;
ascent of, and elevation ascertained, 381;
a landmark, 337, 351, 372, 373, 398

Palandöken Pass, ii. 202–203, 244–247

Palandöken-Eyerli Dagh volcanic system, ii. 381–382;
connection of the line of heights upon which it is built up with the structural system of Asia, 386;
the underlying limestones, 403

Palgrave, W. G., ii. 370

Palu, town on the Murad, ii. 391.
Rock chambers and cuneiform inscription there, 392.
Pop., 391;
of the caza, 413, 416, 425

Palu Dagh, ii. 387

Pambak Mts., Northern Armenia, i. 434

Pambukh Dagh, Ararat system, ii. 385

Pap, Arsakid king of Armenia, i. 306–310

Pap, son of Yusik and great-grandson of St. Gregory, i. 303, 299 note 1, 306

Papken, katholikos, i. 301, note 1

Paris, Treaty of, ii. 204

Parkhal Mts., i. 430

Paropamisus Mts., their connection with the structural system of Asia, i. 423, 425

Parrot, F., his ascent of Ararat, i. 199; 149, 157, 183 note, 184, 185, 198, 318 note

Pasin, Plain of, ii. 193–196; i. 146, 148, 414. ii. 11, 200, 201, 387, 394, 398, 400, 401, 404.
Connection with some historical events, i. 358, 360, ii. 223

Paskevich, Marshal, i. 66, 89, 90, 100, 125, 129, 210, 233, 323, 332, 395, 396, 397, 405, ii. 204, 250, 426

Patnotz, village and plain of, Sipan district, ii. 18, 20, 268, 269, 337, 422

Paul, Bishop of Samosata, i. 281, 282, 285

Paulicians, i. 282, 284. ii. 222

Pazu, hamlet near Surb Karapet, ii. 180

Peri Su, Tauric Armenia, ii. 389

Perli Dagh, Ararat System, ii. 384, 385

Petander, General, vice-Governor of Kars, i. 400

Petros II., katholikos, i. 268

Petrovka, German settlement, Kars district, i. 410

Pharen, pseudo-katholikos, i. 299 note 1

Phasis, river, see Rion

Philippos, katholikos, i. 262, 264 note 5, 269

Piran, village near Lake Gop, ii. 345

Pirnakapan, village near Ashkala, ii. 229

Pir Reshid Dagh, Lake Van, ii. 401

Platana, town on the Black Sea coast, i. 8

Poghos, Bishop of Lim, ii. 87

Poland, emigration of Armenians to, i. 367

Pontic Range, i. 423, 430, 431, 433

Poskhov Chai, tributary of the Kur, i. 57

Postukhoff, M., his ascent of Ararat, i. 175, 199

Pribil, M. i. 248, 249, 253, 255

Pülümer, township of, Tauric Armenia, ii. 393

Pyxitis, river, see Deïrmen Dere

Radde, Dr. G., i. 110; 56, 87, 89, 107, 135, 434, notes

Randuli, village of, Bingöl district, ii. 182

Raouf Pasha, Vali of Erzerum, ii. 220

Raphalovich, his ascent of Ararat, i. 199

Rassam, Mr. Hormuzd, ii. 62, 63

Rava plateau, Nimrud district, ii. 316 note 2

Rawlinson, Sir H. C., ii. 437; 67, 68, 70, notes

Reshid Pasha, Turkish general, ii. 149

Rewadi, see Beni-Cheddad

Reynolds, Dr., American missionary at Van, ii. 92

Rhétoré, Père, of Van, ii. 153

Rion, river (Phasis), i. 2, 40–47, 433

Rion, Plain of the, i. 44, 48, 52, 448

Ritter, K., i. 33, 190, 264, 324, ii. 78; i. 187, 188, 318, 340. ii. 130, 149, 173, 178, 193, 231, 283, notes

Riza Bey, Kurdish chief at Melazkert, ii. 276, 278

Rizeh, port on the Black Sea, ii. 225, 382

Romanus, Byzantine emperor, i. 34, 361, 364

Romkla, in Cilicia, Council of, i. 314 note

Ross, Prof. E. Denison, ii. 286

Rowanduz, town in Kurdistan, ii. 58

Rupenian dynasty (Cilicia), i. 367; 268

Rusas I., Vannic king, ii. 60, 74