Shakspeare, too, speaks of “scaled sculls” (Troilus and Cressida, Act v. sc. 5). The expression “school of whales,” which we so often find in Arctic and whaling voyages is nothing but this word slightly altered. According to Miss Gurney’s Glossary of Norfolk words (Transactions of the Philological Society, 1855), the word “school” is applied to herrings on the south-eastern coast. Juliana Berners, in the Boke of St. Albans, curiously enough says that we should speak of “a sculke of foxes, and a sculle of frerys.”—Quoted in Müller’s Science of Language, p. 61.

Setty. Eggs are said to be “setty” when they are sat upon.

Shammock, To. To slouch. “A shammocking man” means an idle, good-for-nothing person. Applied also to animals. “A shammocking dog,” means almost a thievish, stealing dog, thus showing how the word is akin to shamble, scamble, which last verb also signifies to obtain any thing by false means.

Shear, after-, The. The second crop of grass. Called in the Midland Counties “the eddish,” and also the “latter-math,” or “after-math.”

Sheets’-axe, A. An oak apple. See chap. xvi. p. 183.

Shelf, A. A bank of sand or pebbles, or shallow in a river, or even the ford itself. Milton uses the word in Comus:—

Hence we got the adjective “shelvy,” also in common use, and employed by Falstaffe—“The shore was shelvy and shallow” (The Merry Wives of Windsor, Act iii., sc. 5). It is this latter word, which Mr. Halliwell and Mr. Wright must mean instead of “shelly,” and which they define as “an ait in a river.” The word is probably from the same Scandinavian root as shoal.

Shim. Lean. “He’s a shim fellow,” that is, thin. It is used, I see from Mr. Cooper’s glossary, for a shadow, in the western division of Sussex; and I think I have somewhere met with it in the sense of a ghost.

Shoak, Shock, Shuck, Off, To. To break off short. Thus gravel is said to shock off at any particular stratum, or “list,” or “scale,” as it would be called. See the following word.

Shock, A. Not applied merely to corn, but to anything else. “A shock of sand” means a line or band of sand, called also a “list,” or “lissen,” or “bond,” or “scale,” and sometimes “drive:” which last, however, has a more particular reference to the direction of the stratum.

Size. Thickness, consistency. “The size of the gruel” means its consistency.

Skimmer-Cake, A. A small pudding made up from the remnants of another, and cooked upon a “skimmer,” the dish with which the milk is skimmed. Nearly equivalent to the “girdle-cake,” north of England.

Skrow. Shattered or battered.

Slab, A. A thick slice, lump, used like squab, which see. Thus we hear of “a slab of bacon,” meaning a large piece. Opposed to “snoule,” which signifies a small bit.—“I have just had a snoule,” means I have only had a morsel.

Slink, A. “A slink of a thing,” in which phrase the word is only found, is alike applied to objects animate or inanimate, and means either a poor, weak, starved creature, or anything which is small and not of good quality.

Slut, A. A noise, sound. “A slut of thunder,” means a clap or peal of thunder. It is in this sense that the word is most generally used.

Snake-Fern. The hard-fern (Blechnum boreale). See “Adder’s-Fern.”

Sniggle, To. To snarl. See chap. xvi., p. 186. Sniggle, A. An eel peculiar to the Avon. See chap. xii., pp. 125, 126.

Spell, A. A fit, or start. Pain is said to come and go by “spells,” that is, by shocks at recurring intervals.

Spene, A. In its first sense, like the Old-English spana, an udder of a cow. In its second, the rail of a gate or stile.

Spine-Oak. The heart of oak. This phrase points to the true derivation of “heart of oak.” The common theory Mr. Wedgwood has rightly classed under the head of “False Etymologies.” See Transactions of the Philological Society, 1855. No. 6, pp. 62, 63.

Spire-Bed, A. A place where the “spires,” that is, the reed-canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea), grow; exactly equivalent to the Old-English hreod-bedd. On the outskirts of the New Forest at Redbridge, formerly Redford—Hreodford, literally, the ford of reeds—the Test is to this day full of the same “spires,” from which our forefathers gave the place its name. The river Caundle, in Dorsetshire, still, too, full of spire-beds, tells of a similar derivation, not from the Teutonic, but the Keltic. The phrase “spire-bed,” or “spear-bed field,” is very common, meaning a particular field, near where the “spires” grow, which are used by plasterers and thatchers in their work.

Spith. (Another form of pith, from the Old-English “piða”). Strength, force.

Sprack. Not only quick, lively, brisk, active, as given in the glossaries, but neat, tidy. Used also in this last sense in Wiltshire.

Spratter. The common guillemot (Uria troile). In Norfolk (see Transactions of the Philological Society, 1855, p. 37) we have “sprat-mowe,” for a herring-gull; and in Kent, “sprat-loon,” for one of the grebes.

Squab, A. Anything large. Thus “a squab of a piece,” is constantly used in this sense. In a different meaning it is confounded with squat. So a thick-set, heavy person is called a “squab.”

Squoyles. Glances. See chap. xvi., p. 182.

Stabble. Marks, footprints, always used in the plural. This is another of those onomatopoëtic words which Mr. Wedgwood might add to the forms step, stamp, stipple, all derived by a similar process. (See the Introduction to his Dictionary of Etymology, p. x.) In an old rhyme, common in the New Forest, upon a hailstorm, we find the word:—

Starky. Used particularly of land which is stiff or unworkable, especially after rain, and opposed to “stoachy,” which signifies muddy, as in the common expression, “What a dreadful stoachy piece of ground.”

Thrifty. Still used in its old derivative sense of thriving, and so flourishing. Once or twice I have heard it applied to physical health, in the sense of being well, or “pure,” as is the more common saying.

Tine, To. To tine a candle, does not now so much mean to light, from the Old-English tendan, to set on fire, as to snuff it.

Tuffet, A. A lump of earth, or hillock. Hence we have “tuffety,” in the sense of uneven, or covered with hillocks.

Tuly. Weak, ailing. More common in the north of England. See “Kittering.”

Twiddle, To. To whistle. “The robins are twiddling,” is a common phrase, and which fact is said to be a sign of rain.

Vinney-Cheese. See chap. xvi., p. 190.

Wag, A. A breath, a slight wind. “A wag of air,” means a gentle draught of air. In Dorsetshire we still have “wag-wanton” applied to the quaking-grass (Briza media). See Barnes’ Glossary of the Dorsetshire Dialect, p. 404.

Wase, A. A very small bundle of straw, more particularly a wisp for cleaning a horse. Used also, according to Mr. Cooper, in Sussex.

Water-Tables. The side dikes along the road, which carry off the water. Common throughout the West of England.

Weald, To. To bring corn or hay into swathe, before putting it, as it is called, into “puck,” which see.

Wean-Gate, A. (From the Old-English wæn-geat, literally, the waggon-door.) The tail-board, or ladder of a waggon.

Well-Crook, A. A stick for ladling the water out of the shallow Forest pools and wells. Called in the Midland and Northern Counties a “lade-gorn;” and formerly “a well graper.” (See Froude’s History of England, vol. i. p. 41, foot-note.)

Wimble, A. In addition to auger, as given in Wright and Halliwell’s dictionaries, an instrument with which to take up faggots or trusses of hay.

Wivvery. Giddy. “My head is wivvery,” is no uncommon expression. To wivver, given by Wright and Halliwell as used in Kent, is more especially employed here of the quivering flight of hawks, particularly of the kestrel and hen-harrier.

Wosset, A. A small ill-favoured pig. The smallest pig in a “trip,” to use a West-Country term for a litter, is known as the “doll,” the same as the “nessle-tripe” of Dorsetshire; whilst a pig brought up by hand is called a “graff,” or “grampher,” equivalent to “mud,” in the phrase “mud-lamb,” or “mud-calf,” as also “sock,” and “sockling,” and “tiddling,” used in various counties.

Yape, To. Not merely to gossip, as given by Mr. Cooper in his Sussex Glossary, but to loiter. To yape about is used very much as is shammock, which see.

Yaw, To. To chop, reap. Used of cutting corn, peas, or beans. “Hacking,” however, is generally the term applied to harvesting the last, when the reapers use two hooks, one to cut, and the other, an old one, to pull up the halm.

APPENDIX II.
THE FLOWERING PLANTS OF THE NEW FOREST DISTRICT.

These lists are not by any means put forward as exhaustive. Subsequent investigations must very much increase them. Still, I trust they will be found sufficient for botanists to generalize from, and useful as guides to beginners. To the kindness of the Rev. H. M. Wilkinson, of Bisterne, I am much indebted, as will be seen, for many new species and localities, as also for the special arrangement of the Gramineæ, Cyperaceæ, and Juncaceæ.

The nature of the country will best help us to make the divisions. First, we have the true Forest district, with its heath, and bog, and woodland plants; and next the valley of the Avon, with its meadow-flowers; and, thirdly, the littoral plants, which we will at once take.

Glaucium luteum, Scop., Yellow-horned Poppy. Leap. Eaglehurst, 46.[293]

Cakile maritima, Scop., Purple Sea-rocket. The sea-shore, Mudeford, 55.

Crambe maritima, Lin., Sea Kale. The sea-shore near Calshot and Eaglehurst, where, as Bromfield remarks (Flora Vectensis, p. 48), the young shoots are bleached by being covered with shingle, and then sent to the Southampton market, 56.

Cochlearia officinalis, Lin., Common Scurvy Grass. Hurst Castle, 72.

Cochlearia anglica, Lin., English Scurvy Grass, Mudeford. R. Stevens, Esq., 72 d.

Raphanus maritimus, Sm., Sea Radish. Mudeford, 124.

Silene maritima, With., Sea Bladder Campion. The Shingles. Hurst Castle, 153.

Honckeneja peploides, Ehrh., Sand Chickweed. Common on the coast, 173.

Spergularia marina, Camb., Sea Spurrey. Mudeford, 174.

Althæa officinalis, Lin., Marsh Mallow. Salt marshes of the Beaulieu river, 208.

Lavatera arborea, Lin., Tree Mallow. Hurst Castle, where Ray saw it. See, however, Bromfield in Phytologist, vol. iii. p. 270; 210.

Anthyllis vulneraria, Lin., Common Lady’s Fingers. Barton Cliffs, 257.

Tamarix gallica, Sm. “On the beach near Hurst Castle.” Garnier and Poulter. Milford. Probably naturalized, as on the opposite coast near Yarmouth. “The Lymington Salterns,” Rev. H. M. Wilkinson. See, however, Bromfield, in Phytologist, vol. iii. p. 212; 392.

Eryngium maritimum, Lin., Sea Holly. Mudeford, 444.

Fœniculum vulgare, Gærtn, Common Fennel. Purewell Road, Christchurch, 476.

Apium graveolens, Lin., Wild Celery. “Marchwood,” W. A. Broomfield. “Mudeford and Beaulieu,” Rev. H. M. Wilkinson, 450.

Œnanthe Lachenalii, Gmel., Lachenal’s Dropwort. “Mudeford,” Rev. H. M. Wilkinson, 471.*

Carduus tenuiflorus, Curt., Small-flowered Thistle. Lanes near the sea-coast, 597.

Artemisia maritima, Lin., Sea Wormwood. “The coast.” W. Pamplin. “Salt marshes near Millbrook,” W. A. Bromfield; quoted in the New Botanist’s Guide, 624.

Aster Tripolium, Lin. Sea Starwort. Very common in the rivers at Beaulieu and Lymington, 641.

Inula crithmoides, Lin., Golden Samphire. Key Haven and Hurst Beach, where Ray saw it, 657.

Convolvulus Soldanella, Lin., Sea Bindweed. Hurst Castle. Mudeford, 731.

Glaux maritima, Lin., Sea Milkwort or Glasswort. Hurst Castle, Beaulieu Estuary, 894.

Armeria maritima, Aut., Common Thrift. Hordle and Barton Cliffs, Beaulieu Estuary, 895.

Statice Limonium, Lin., Sea Lavender. On this and S. rariflora, see Bromfield, in Phytologist, vol. iii. p. 742; 897.

Plantago maritima, Lin., Sea Plantain. The Beaulieu Estuary, 904.

Chenopodium olidum, Curt., Stinking Goosefoot. Mr. Wilkinson gives “the seaside, Beaulieu,” 908.

Atriplex portulacoides, Lin. Hurst Castle, where I first saw it in 1859, with Mr. Lees, 918.

Atriplex Babingtonii, Wds., “Mudeford,” Rev. H. M. Wilkinson, 921.

Atriplex littoralis, Lin., Grass-leaved Sea Orache. Estuary of the Beaulieu river, 924.

Beta maritima, Lin., Sea Beet. Mudeford, 925.

Salsola Kali, Lin., Prickly Saltwort. The sea-shore, Mudeford, 926.

Schoberia maritima, Mey., Sea Goosefoot. Estuary, 927.

Salicornia herbacea, Lin., Jointed Glasswort. “The Beaulieu river,” Rev. H. M. Wilkinson, 939.

Polygonum maritimum, Lin., Sea Knot Grass. “Mudeford,” Borrer, C. C. Babington. (See Watson’s New Botanist’s Guide, Supplement, vol. ii. p. 570.) The Rev. W. M. Wilkinson has found it on the other side of the harbour at Hengistbury Head, 940.

Polygonum Raii, Bab. “Mudeford,” Borrer, and R. Stevens, Esq., 940.*

Asparagus officinalis, Lin., Common Asparagus. “At Christchurch,” Garnier and Poulter.

Triglochin maritimum, Lin., Sea Arrow Grass. Marshes of the Beaulieu river, 1115.

Zostera marina, Lin., Narrow Grass Wrack. Southampton water, Hythe, 1137.

Juncus maritimus, Sm., Lesser Sharp Sea Rush. Beaulieu river, 1154.

Scirpus Savii, S. and M., Savis’ Club Rush. See Bromfield, in Phytologist, vol. iii. p. 1030; 1187.

Scirpus maritimus, Lin., Salt Marsh Club Rush. Mudeford, 1190.

Carex extensa, Good., Long Bracteated Carex. “The Beaulieu river,” Rev. H. M. Wilkinson, 1235.

Ammophila arundinacea, Host., Sea Reed. The loose sand, Mudeford, where it grows with Triticum junceum, 1293.

Glyceria maritima, M. and K., Sea Hard Grass. Mudeford, 1323.

Glyceria loliacea, Watson, Dwarf Sea-wheat Grass. “Mudeford. On the New Forest side of the Avon, which is the only place I have ever seen it.” Rev. H. M. Wilkinson, 1327.

Triticum junceum, Lin., Rushy Sea-wheat Grass. Mudeford, 1362.

Hordeum maritimum, With., Sea Barley. Very common along the whole of the east coast. “By the roadside from Cadenham” (more probably Hythe) “to Marchwood,” W. A. Bromfield. See Watson’s New Botanist’s Guide, vol. ii., p. 571.; 1369.[294]

Lepturus filiformis, Trin., Sea Hard-grass. Mudeford, 1371.

In the next division are placed more especially those plants which either grow only in the Forest, or form a peculiar feature in its landscapes, such as Eriophorum angustifolium, Gentiana Pneumonanthe, Drosera rotundifolia, and intermedia, Narthecium ossifragum, Melittis Melissophyllum, and the Carices, Airæ, and Agrostes generally. The rest will be found in the third division, as common both to the Forest and the adjoining districts. As the Ferns and St. John’s-worts have been so fully mentioned in Chapter XXI., they will not be again noticed.

Anemone nemorosa, Lin., Wood Anemone, 6.

Ranunculus aquatilis, Lin., Water Crowfoot. Streams and pools, not of course confined to the Forest, but still a conspicuous feature, 11.

Ranunculus tripartitus, D. C., Three-parted-leaved Crowfoot, “with Limosella aquatica, in splashy places by the roadside, just beyond the bridge, as you leave Brockenhurst for Lyndhurst,” H. C. Watson, in a private letter, 11.*

Ranunculus hirsutus, Curt., Hairy Crowfoot. Roads in the Forest, 22.

Caltha palustris, Lin., Common Marsh Marigold. Forest pools; but, of course, in the district generally, 26.

Aquilegia vulgaris, Lin., Common Columbine. Very common round Wootton, but may be found with Hypericum androsæmum in the old woods of Mark Ash, Gibb’s Hill, Winding Shoot, and Boldrewood, 31.

Nymphæa alba, Lin., White Water Lily. Forest streams. Not so common as the next, but still a feature, 36.

Nuphar luteum, Sm., Yellow Water Lily. In the Avon, and elsewhere in the district, 37.

Viola canina, Sm., Dog’s Violet. The violet of the Forest, but, of course, common in the district, 135.

Viola lactea, Sm., Cream-coloured Violet. “Near Boldre,” W. A. Bromfield. See Watson’s New Botanist’s Guide, vol. ii., p. 567; 135.*

Drosera rotundifolia, Lin., Round-leaved Sundew. Everywhere in the Forest, 138.

Drosera intermedia, Hayn., Narrow-leaved Sundew. Though not so common as rotundifolia, it is equally distributed throughout the Forest district, 139.

Polygala vulgaris, Lin., Common Milkwort, 141.

Mœnchia erecta, Sm., Upright Mœnchia. Common, 166.

Sagina subulata, Wimm., Ciliated Awl-shaped Spurrey, 170.*

Spergularia rubra, St. Hilaire, Purple Sandwort, 175.

Cerastium semidecandrum, Lin., Little Mouse-ear Chickweed, 194.

Cerastium tetrandrum, Curt., Four-cleft Mouse-ear Chickweed, 194.*

Linum angustifolium, Huds., Narrow-leaved Flax, 201.

Radiola millegrana, Sm., Thyme-leaved Flax-seed. Common. The Rev. P. Somerville pointed it out to me in Beacon Bunny, growing close to the sea, 203.

Tilia intermedia, D. C., Common Lime, 212.

Acer campestre, Lin., Field Maple. Rather plentiful in some of the woods, 225.

Geranium pratense, Lin., Meadow Crane’s-bill. On a rubbish heap, near Alum Green, where it had been naturalized, 231.

Oxalis Acetosella, Lin., Wood-sorrel. Very common, 243.

Euonymus Europæus, Lin., Spindle Tree. Here and there a specimen may be seen, as at the north side of Wootton Enclosure, near the Osmanby Ford River, 245.

Rhamnus Frangula, Lin., Alder Buckthorn, 247.

Spartium scoparium, Lin., Common Broom, 248.

Ulex Europæus, Lin., Furze, 249.

Ulex nanus, Forst., Dwarf Furze. If any one wishes to see the difference between this and Europæus he should visit the Forest at the end of August or the beginning of Sept., 250.

Genista tinctoria, Lin., Dyers’ Green Weed. Common on the southern parts of the Forest, 251.

Genista anglica, Lin., Petty Whin. Everywhere, 253.

Trifolium striatum, Lin., Soft Knotted Trefoil, 277.

Trifolium fragiferum, Lin., Strawberry-headed Trefoil. Ashley Common, 280.

Trifolium glomeratum, Lin., Smooth round-headed Trefoil, 278.

Orobus tuberosus, Lin., Common Bitter Vetch, 312.

Prunus spinosa, Lin., Sloe-tree, 314.

Prunus avium, Lin., Wild Cherry. Burley, 316.*

Potentilla Tormentilla, Schk., Common Tormentil, 332.

Comarum palustre, Lin., Purple Marsh Cinquefoil. Bog of the Osmanby Ford River, below Wootton Enclosure, 334.

Fragaria vesca, Lin., Strawberry, 335.

Rubus Idæus, Lin., Raspberry. Young plantations, especially near Boldrewood, 339.

Rubus fruticosus, Aut, Common Bramble, 340.

Rubus suberectus, Aud., Red-fruited Bramble. Wootton Enclosures, where it was first pointed out to me in 1859 by Mr. Lees, 340 (3).

Rosa spinosissima, Lin., Burnet-leaved Rose. Not uncommon round Ashley and Wootton, 341.

Cratægus Oxyacantha, Lin., Common Hawthorn, 360.

Pyrus Malus, Lin., Wild Crab, 363.

Pyrus torminalis, Sm., Wild Service Tree, 364.

Pyrus Aria, Sm., White Beam, 365.

Pyrus Aucuparia, Gært., Mountain Ash. Probably naturalized, 366.

Epilobium montanum, Lin., Mountain Willow Herb, 370.

Isnardia palustris, Lin., Marsh Isnardia. Found at Brockenhurst by Mr. Borrer; Phytologist, vol. iii. p. 368. See also iv. p. 754; 376.

Circæa lutetiania, Lin., Enchanter’s Nightshade. In most of the old woods, 377.

Lythrum salicaria, Lin., Purple Willow Herb. The Forest pools, 390.

Tillæa muscosa, Lin., Moss-like Tillæa. Everywhere in the Forest, 407.

Hedera Helix, Lin., Common Ivy, 438.

Cornus sanguinea, Lin., Cornel-tree, 439.

Hydrocotyle vulgaris, Lin., Marsh Pennywort. Throughout the Forest, 441.

Sanicula Europæa, Lin., Wood Sanicle. In most of the old woods, 442.

Viscum album, Lin., Mistletoe. Grows chiefly on the black poplar, especially near Godshill. I have never seen it on the oak. Abundance of it may be found in the apple-trees in the Forest keeper’s garden at Boldrewood, 503.

Sambucus nigra, Lin., Common Elder, 504.

Sambucus Ebulus, Lin., Danewort. “Near Lyndhurst,” T. B. Rake, Esq., 505.

Viburnum Opulus, Lin., Guelder Rose, 506.

Lonicera Periclymenum, Lin., Common Honeysuckle, 508.

Galium verum, Lin., Ladies’ Bed-straw, 513.

Hieracium vulgatum, Freis., Wood Hawkweed, 568 (24).

Serratula tinctoria, Lin., Saw-wort. Throughout the Forest, 594.

Carduus Marianus, Lin., Blessed Thistle. Forest roadsides, 598.

Carduus pratensis, Huds., Meadow Thistle. Abundant in the southern part of the Forest round Wootton, 604.

Bidens cernua, Lin., Nodding Bur Marigold. Waste lands round and in the Forest. Has a fine effect on the landscape near Godshill; common, however, throughout the district, 617.

Eupatorium cannabinum, Lin., Hemp Agrimony. Gives a rich appearance to the Forest streams; but, of course, abundant elsewhere, 619.

Filago minima, Fries. The Least Cudweed, 634.

Solidago Virgaurea, Lin., Golden Rod. Throughout the Forest, 642.

Senecio sylvaticus, Lin., Wild Groundsel. This plant, with the common nettle, is especially remarkable in the Forest, as an indication of the former existence of habitations. It may be noticed in Sloden, Eyeworth, and Island’s Thorn, near the Romano-British potteries. (See ch. xviii. p. 216, foot-note.)

Achillea Ptarmica, Lin., Sneese-wort. Throughout the Forest, 671.

Campanula rotundifolia, Lin., Nodding-flowered Hare-bell, 675.

Jasione montana, Lin., Sheep’s-bit Scabious, 687.

Erica Tetralix, Lin., Cross-leaved Heath, 690.

Erica cinerea, Lin., Fine-leaved Heath, 692.

Calluna vulgaris, Salisb., Common Ling, 695.

Vaccinium Myrtillus, Lin., the Bilberry; better known in the Forest as the “Blackheart,” 703.

Ilex Aquifolium, Lin., Common Holly. Most abundant, 713.

Fraxinus excelsior, Lin., Common Ash. Scarce, 715.

Vinca minor, Lin., Lesser Periwinkle. Hedges round and in the Forest, as at Sway, Ashley, Canterton, 716.

Gentiana Pneumonanthe, Lin., Calathian Violet. Very plentiful some years at Wootton, 719.

Cicendia filiformis, Reich., Least Gentianella. Damp places in the Forest. Rev. H. M. Wilkinson gives especially the neighbourhood of Burley, 723.

Menyanthes trifoliata, Lin., Common in most of the Forest pools on the South, 727.

Cuscuta Epithymum, Sm., Lesser Dodder. Distributed through the Forest, on the heath and furze, 734.

Verbascum Blattaria, Lin., Moth Mullein. Not common in the Forest. I have seen a few specimens on Ashley Common; but, in 1861, a field near the new parsonage was covered with it and the viper’s bugloss. Mr. Rake has found it growing at Gorely, on the north-west side of the Forest, 744.

Veronica scutellata, Lin., Narrow-leaved Marsh Speedwell. Not common. Mr. Wilkinson gives marshy spots near Sandford and Crow, on the borders of the Forest, 753.

Euphrasia officinalis, Lin., Common Eyebright, 766.

Melampyrum pratense, Lin., Meadow Cow Wheat, 770.

Pedicularis palustris, Lin., Marsh Lousewort, 772.

Pedicularis sylvatica, Lin., Common Lousewort, 773.

Digitalis purpurea, Lin., Purple Foxglove, 778.

Limosella aquatica, Lin., Common Mudwort. Found by Mr. H. C. Watson on the road from Brockenhurst to Lyndhurst, after you pass the bridge from the former place, 788.

Orobanche major, Angl., Great Broom-rape. On the furze, especially in the northern parts of the Forest, 790.

Mentha aquatica, Lin., Water Mint, but of course throughout the district, 806.

Mentha pratensis, Sole, Meadow Mint. I give this on the authority of Sole, quoted by Dawson Turner, as found in the Forest, 807 e.

Mentha Pulegium, Lin., Pennyroyal. Not uncommon, especially in wet places on the southern parts of the Forest, round Wilverley and Holmsley, 809.

Thymus Serpyllum, Lin., Wild Thyme, 810.

Calamintha Clinopodium, Spen., Wild Basil, 815.

Melittis Melissophyllum, Lin., Bastard Balm. Very plentiful on the outer bank of Wootton Enclosure, looking westward, 817.

Teucrium Scorodonia, Lin., Wood Sage, 818.

Stachys Betonica, Benth., Wood Betony, 836.

Scutellaria minor, Lin., Lesser Skull-cap. Damp places in the Forest, especially round Wootton, 846.

Pulmonaria angustifolia, Lin., Narrow-leaved Lungwort. Very common round Wootton, both with and without spots on the leaves. (See Watson’s New Botanist’s Guide, vol. ii., p. 569; and the Cybele Britannica, vol. iii., p. 488), 868.

Pinguicula Lusitanica, Lin., Pale Butterwort. Bogs round Wootton; Ashley Common, where the Rev. P. Somerville first pointed it out to me. Mr. Wilkinson also gives Sandford and Crow as localities, 874.

Utricularia vulgaris, Lin., Water Milfoil. Pools in the southern part of the Forest, as also on Ashley Common, 875.

Utricularia minor, Lin., Smaller Bladderwort. Hinchelsea Bog, where I found it in 1859, with Mr. Lees. The Rev. H. M. Wilkinson gives also ponds near Burley, and Mr. Somerville ponds at the Osmanby Ford stream, 877.

Primula vulgaris, Huds., Common Primrose, 878.

Lysimachia nemorum, Lin., Wood Loosetrife, 889.

Anagallis tenella, Lin., Bog Pimpernel. In all the boggy places, 891.

Centunculus minimus, Lin., Chaffweed, 892.

Samolus Valerandi, Lin., Brookweed. Found it, with Mr. Lees, on Ashley Common, June 14, 1859. “The Beaulieu River,” Rev. H. M. Wilkinson. It shows a decided partiality for the southern part towards the sea, 893.

Littorella lacustris, Lin., Common Shore-weed, 905.

Euphorbia amygdaloides, Lin., Wood Spurge, 974.

Mercurialis perennis, Lin., Perennial Mercury, 976.

Quercus Robur, Lin., the Oak, 988.

Quercus sessiliflora, Sm., Sessile-fruited Oak. The finest in the Forest are now in the Brook Woods, 988 c.

Fagus sylvatica, Lin., the Beech, 989.

Carpinus Betulus, Lin., Hornbeam. Scarce, 990.

Corylus Avellana, Lin., Hazel, 991.

Alnus glutinosa, Lin., Common Alder, 992.

Betula alba, Lin., Common Birch, 993.

Populus alba, Lin., White Poplar, 995.

Populus tremula, Lin., Aspen, 997.

Populus nigra, Lin., Black Poplar, 998.

Salix viminalis, Lin., Common Osier, 1007.

Salix repens, Lin., Creeping Willow, 1017.

Myrica Gale, Lin., Bog Myrtle. The “Gold Withy” of the Forest, 1023.

Spiranthes autumnalis, Rich., Late-flowering Lady’s Tresses. Very common in the pastures near the Forest, and on the turfy spots of the Forest lanes on the southern part, 1033.

Spiranthes æstivalis, Rich., Early-flowering Lady’s Tresses. Found by Bromfield and Mr. Bennett in bogs near Lyndhurst toll-gate. Phytologist, vol. iii. p. 909; iv. p. 754; 1034.

Epipactis latifolia, Sm. Chewton Glen and woods running into the Forest. The Rev. P. Somerville also gives Ashley Common, 1039.

Orchis latifolia, Lin., Broad-leaved Meadow Orchis. Hinchelsea Bog. Mr. Wilkinson also gives the neighbourhood of Burley, 1052.

Gymnadenia Conopsea, Br., Fragrant-scented Orchis. Very plentiful on the south side of the railway, between Burley and Batson’s Clump, about a quarter of a mile above the large “Shade pond.” To be found also between Bushy Bratley and Boldrewood, 1054.

Habenaria bifolia, Br. Common in most of the open parts of the Forest, 1055.

Gladiolus Illyricus, Koch. First discovered in the Forest by the Rev. W. H. Lucas. (See Phytologist, Sept., 1857.) Road from Boldrewood to Lyndhurst; path from Liney Hill Wood to Rhinefield; Oakley Plantation, near Boldrewood; and the neighbourhood of the Knyghtwood Oak, where Mr. Rake and myself saw it in great abundance, July 11, 1862. In all these localities it is confined to the light sand, growing especially amongst the common brake, and seldom, if ever, extends into the heather, which grows close round. On some specimens which I forwarded, Mr. Watson observes, in speaking of the distinction between Gladiolus imbricatus and Illyricus:—“The New Forest plant has the obovate capsules, hardly so much keeled, however, as described by French botanists, unless the keel becomes sharper with advancing age.”

Narcissus pseudo-narcissus, Lin., Daffodil. South side of the Forest near Wootton, 1073.

Hyacinthus non-scriptus, Lin., Bluebell, 1093.

Ruscus aculeatus, Lin., Butcher’s Broom. The “Kneeholm” of the Forest, 1097.

Hydrocharis Morsus-ranæ, Lin., Common Frog-bit, 1107.

Alisma ranunculoides, Lin. Ashley and Chewton Commons. Pulteney gives “Sopley, near the Avon,” 1110.

Actinocarpus Damasonium, Br., Star-headed Water Plantain. “Barton Common,” the Rev. P. Somerville, 1112.

Potamogeton plantagineus, Ducroz., Plantain-leaved Pond-weed. Boggy streams, 1134.

Typha latifolia, Lin., Reed-mace, 1147.

Typha angustifolia, Lin., Lesser Reed-mace. Ponds at Wootton, 1148.

Juncus squarrosus, Lin., Moss-rush Goose-corn, 1163.

Luzula sylvatica, Bich., Great Wood Rush, 1169.

Luzula pilosa, Willd., Broad-leaved Hairy Wood Rush, 1170.

Narthecium ossifragum, Huds., Lancashire Bog Asphodel, 1175.

Schænus nigricans, Lin., Black Bog Rush. Bogs round Holmsley, 1179.

Rhynchospora alba, Vahl., White Beak Rush, 1180.

Rhynchospora fusca, Sm., Brown Beak Rush. Valley of the Osmanby Ford stream, Rev. H. M. Wilkinson, 1181.

Scirpus setaceus, Lin., Bristle-stalked Club Rush, 1186.

Scirpus cæspitosus, Lin., Scaly-stalked Club Rush, 1196.

Scirpus fluitans, Lin., Floating Club Rush, 1198.

Eriophorum angustifolium, Rh., Common Cotton Grass, 1200.

Carex pulicaris, Lin., Flea Carex, 1205.

Carex stellulata, Good., Little Prickly Carex, 1209.

Carex ovalis, Good., Oval-spiked Carex, 1211.

Carex remota, Lin., Remote Carex. The Forest streams, 1214.

Carex intermedia, Good., Soft brown Carex. Boggy places, 1217.

Carex arenaria, Lin., Sea Carex. The south side of the Forest, towards the sea.

Carex divulsa, Good., Grey Carex, 1221.

Carex vulpina, Lin., Great Compound Prickly Carex, 1222.

Carex flava, Lin., Yellow Carex, 1234.

Carex fulva, Good., Tawny Carex, 1249.

Carex panicea, Lin., Pink-leaved Carex, 1241.

Carex sylvatica, Huds., Pendulous Wood-Carex, 1247.

Carex Pseudo-cyperus, Lin., Cyperus-like Carex, 1249.

Carex glauca, Scop., Glaucous Heath Carex, 1250.

Carex hirta, Lin., Hairy Carex, 1257.

Carex paludosa, Good., Lesser Common Carex, 1260.

Carex riparia, Curtis., Great Common Carex, 1261.

Phalaris arundinacea, Lin., Reed Canary Grass, 1269.

Agrostis setacea, Curtis., Bristle-leaved Bent Grass. Broomy and Bratley. “Near Lymington,” Turner, 1289.

Agrostis canina, Lin., Brown Bent Grass, 1290.

Agrostis vulgaris, With., Common Bent Grass, 1291.

Agrostis alba, Lin., Marsh Bent Grass, 1292.

Arundo Calamagrostis, Lin., Purple-flowered Small Reed. “Near Marchwood,” W. A. Bromfield, 1295.

Aira cæspitosa, Lin., Turfy Hair Grass, 1300.

Aira flexuosa, Lin., Wavy Hair Grass, 1302.

Aira caryophyllea, Lin., Silver Grass, 1303.

Aira præcox, Lin., Early Hair Grass, 1304.

Triodia decumbens, Beauv., Decumbent Heath Grass, 1315.

Molinia cœrulea, Mœnch., Heath Purple Melic Grass, 1319.

Festuca bromoides, Lin., Barren Fescue Grass, 1341.

Festuca ovina, Lin., Sheep’s Fescue Grass, 1342.

Festuca rubra, Lin., Creeping Fescue Grass, 1344.

Nardus stricta, Lin., Common Mat Grass, 1370.

Pilulifera globulifera, Lin., Pillwort or Peppergrass. Bogs round Holmsley, 1419.

Equisetum limosum, Lin., Smooth Naked Horsetail, 1425.

Proceeding now to the plants of the Valley of the Avon, and the cultivated districts round Christchurch, and Lymington, and Beaulieu, we shall be able to see those colonists which follow the footsteps of man, the pascual flowers of the meadows, and the Flora of the Avon. Where not particularly named, the plants are in many cases found also distributed in the Forest; but, being on the whole more characteristic of the Valley, are therefore inserted in this list.

Thalictrum flavum, Lin., Common Meadow Rue, 4.

Adonis autumnalis, Lin., Common Pheasant Eye. Mudeford, 9.

Myosurus minimus, Lin., Least Mouse-tail. Cornfields round Milton, 10.

Ranunculus hederaceus, Lin., Ivy-leaved Crowfoot, 13.

Ranunculus Ficaria, Lin., Common Pilewort, 14.

Ranunculus Flammula, Lin., Lesser Spearwort, 15.

Ranunculus Lingua, Lin., Greater Spearwort. Used to be very common on Ashley Common (now enclosed), growing in the pools with Osmunda regalis, 16.

Ranunculus acris, Lin., Upright Meadow Crowfoot, 19.

Ranunculus repens, Lin., Creeping Crowfoot, 20.

Ranunculus bulbosus, Lin., Bulbous Crowfoot, 21.

Ranunculus sceleratus, Lin., Celery-leaved Crowfoot, 23.

Ranunculus parviflorus, Lin., Small-flowered Crowfoot. “Hedgebanks between Bisterne and Ringwood,” Rev. H. M. Wilkinson. Ray and Bromfield give Lymington, 24.

Papaver Argemone, Lin., Long-headed Rough Poppy, 40.

Papaver dubium, Lin., Long Smooth-headed Poppy, 41.

Papaver Rhæas, Lin., Field Poppy, 42.

Chelidonium majus, Lin., Common Celandine, 45.

Corydalis claviculata, D. C., White-flowered Fumitory, 48.

Fumaria capreolata, Lin., Ramping Fumitory, 50.

Fumaria officinalis, Lin., Common Fumitory, 51.

Coronopus Ruellii, Lin., Common Wart-Cress, 58.

Thlaspi asvense, Lin., Penny-Cress, 60.

Capsella Bursa pastoris, D. C., Shepherd’s Purse, 63.

Lepidium Smithii, Hook., Smith’s Peppermint, 69.

Lepidium campestre, Br., Field Mustard, 70.

Draba verna, Lin., Common Whitlow Grass, 79.

Cardamine pratensis, Lin., Lady’s Smock, 85.

Cardamine hirsuta, Lin., Hairy Marsh Butter-Cress, 86.

Arabis thaliana, Lin., Common Thale-Cress, 88.

Barbarea vulgaris, Br., Common Winter Cress, 95.

Barbarea præcox, Br., Early Winter or American Cress. “Grows on the bridge at Christchurch,” Rev. H. M. Wilkinson, 97.

Nasturtium officinale, Br., Water Cress, 98.

Nasturtium terrestre, Br., Land Cress, 99.

Sisymbrium officinale, Scop., Common Hedge Mustard, 102.

Erysimum Alliaria, Lin., Hedge Garlic, 107.

Cheiranthus Cheiri, Lin., Wallflower. Walls of the Priory Church, Christchurch, 109.

Sinapis Arvensis, Lin., Wild Mustard, 116.

Raphanus Rhaphanistrum, Lin., Wild Radish, 123.

Helianthemum vulgare, Gært., Common Rock Rose, 128.

Viola tricolor, Lin., Heartsease, 136.

Viola hirta, Lin., Hairy Violet. “Grows at Bisterne,” Rev. H. M. Wilkinson. On the specific distinctions between this and the next, see what my friend the late Mr. Cheshire said in the Phytologist.