Freyja kvað:
Þrymr kvað:
Loki kvað:
Þrymr kvað:
Loki kvað:
The references marked Gr. are to the paragraphs of the Grammar.
Line 3. Hann ā þar rīki er Þrūð-vangar heita, 'he reigns (there) where it is called Þ.,' i.e. in the place which is called Þ. The plur. heita agrees with þrūðvangar, as in l. 14 below: þat eru jārnglōfar 'that is (his) iron gloves.'
l. 5. þat er hūs mest, svā at męnn hafa gǫ̈rt, 'that is the largest house, so that men have made (it),' i.e. the largest house that has been built. Note the plur. hūs of a single house; each chamber was originally regarded as a house, being often a detached building.
l. 13. spęnnir þeim, Gr. § 154; cp. 2. 49.
l. 1. fōr með hafra sīna...ok með honum sā, āss er... We see here that með generally takes an acc. to denote passive, and a dat. to denote voluntary accompaniment.
l. 5. soðit refers to some such subst. as slātr (meat) understood.
l. 11. sprętti ā... ā is here an adv.
l. 12. til męrgjar. til here implies intention--to get at the marrow.
l. 20. þat er sā augnanna, 'the little he saw of the eyes.'-- Thor frowned till his eyebrows nearly covered his eyes, and the man felt as if he were going to fall down dead at the mere sight of them.
l. 21. The second hann refers, of course, to Thor.
l. 34. til myrkrs, till it was dark.
l. 36. þeir, the masc. instead of the neut. pl., as in l. 32 foll., showing that leituðu is meant to refer only to the men of the party, and not to include Rǫskva. (Gr. § 179.)
l. 46. sēr hvar lā maðr, 'saw where a man lay,' i.e. saw a man lying.
l. 51. einu sinni, for once in his life.
l. 52. nęfndisk Skrȳmir, said his name was Skr.
l. 66. būið til (prp.) nātt-verðar yðr, prepare supper for yourselves.
l. 77. Er þat þēr satt at sęgja. satt is in apposition to þat--'that is to be told you as the truth, (namely) that...'
l. 88. sjā sik, see himself alive.
l. 104. þann = þann veg, that way, course.
l. 108. at æsirnir bæði þā heila hittask. The full sense is, 'that Thor and Loki expressed a wish that they and Skrȳmir might meet again safe and sound.'
ll. 111, 112. sęttu hnakkann ā bak sēr aptr, threw back the backs of their heads till they touched their backs, i.e. threw back their heads.
l. 118. œrit stōra, 'rather big,' i.e. very big.
l. 120. glotti um tǫnn, 'grinned round a tooth,' i.e. showed his teeth in a malicious grin. Two MSS. read við instead of um.
l. 121. er annan veg en ek hygg, at...? is it otherwise than as I think, namely that...? i.e. am I not right in thinking that...?
l. 127. engi er hēr sā inni er... = engi er hēr-inni sā-er...
l. 129. freista skal, Gr. § 192.
l. 140. kallar þess meiri vān at hann sē... 'says that there is more probability of that, namely that he is...than of the contrary,' i.e. says that he will have to be...
l. 150. fōthvatari en svā, 'more swift-footed than so--under these circumstances,' i.e. than you.
l. 156. ok er Þjālfl eigi þā kominn... = þā er Þjālfi eigi kominn...
l. 173. laut ōr horninu, bent back from the horn.
l. 188. mestr refers to drykkr understood.
l. 31. ū-happ is in apposition to þat; cp. 3. 7.
ll. 33, 34. vāru með einum hug til... had the same feelings towards.
l. 36. var...fyrr, was beforehand, prevented.
l. 42. vili, subj. 'whether he will';--change of construction.
l. 55. nema, 'unless,' here = 'until.'
l. 89. heim. This use of heim in the sense of 'someone else's home.' is frequent. Cp. our 'drive a nail home.'
l. 94. svā refers to ok ef allir hlutir..., the ok being pleonastic.
l. 113. karl, 'old man,' here = Odin.
l. 6. Hēðinn = hann; this use of a proper name instead of a pronoun is frequent.
l. 17. svā at, so that, i.e. just when.
l. 33. austan at sigla, is in a kind of apposition to fęrðina.
l. 48. muni fyrir, awaits you, is impending.
l. 53. meira, adv., better, faster.
l. 149. bar hann hātt, impers. w. acc.; he was in a conspicuous place.
l. 244. við fimtānda mann, one of fifteen, with fourteen men.
l. 259. vāpna is governed by the second half of the genitival compound klæða-būnað, which is here considered as two independent words.
l. 17. var fyrir, was to be found.
l. 26. tvau verð slīk, double the price you gave.
l. 55. fē is probably dat. here, but may be nom.
l. 56. ęptir sem..., according as, in accordance with what.
l. 64. nū...nū, lately...just now.
l. 116. hęldr is here used pleonastically in a kind of apposition to the preceding bętr.
l. 129. þessi einn var svā hlutrinn, at..., this single thing is the case, namely that... i.e. the only thing is that...
l. 7. jarðar is governed by hvęrgi.
l. 9. tūna. Poetical construction of gen. to denote goal of motion.
l. 15. þō goes with the following at = ok sęlja, þōat (þōtt) væri ōr silfri.
l. 32. fœri may be either sg. or pl. 3 pers.
æ follows að, ð follows d, ę follows e, œ follows oð, ǫ follows o, ö follows ǫ, þ follows t.
The declensions of nouns are only occasionally given.
(-rs) etc. means that the r of the nom. is kept in inflection.
| -a adv. not. |
| ā sf. river. |
| ā see eiga. |
| ā prp. w. acc. and dat. on, in. |
| āðr adv., cj. before. |
| aðrir see annar. |
| æsir see āss. |
| ætla wv. 3, consider, deem: 'ætlask fyrir,' intend. |
| ætt sf. 2, race, descent, family. |
| ætta see eiga. |
| af prp. w. dat. from; of; with; adv. 'drekka af,' drink off. |
| af-hūs sn. out-house, side room. |
| afl sn. strength, might. |
| af-taka wf. damage, injury. |
| āgætliga adv. splendidly. |
| aka sv. 2, drive (a chariot, etc.). |
| ākafliga adv. vehemently, hard--'kalla a.' call loudly. |
| akarn sn. acorn. |
| akkeri sn. anchor. |
| ālar-ęndir sm. thong-end, end of a strap. |
| al-būinn adj. w. gen. quite ready. |
| aldinn adj. old. |
| aldri adv. never. |
| ā-lęngðar adv. for some time. |
| ālfr sm. elf. |
| ā-lit snpl. appearance, countenance [līta]. |
| all-harðr adj. very hard, very violent. |
| all-lītill adj. very little. |
| all-mann-skœðr adj. (very injurious to men), very murderous (of a battle) [skaði, 'injury']. |
| all-mikill adj. very great. |
| allr adj. all, whole; 'með ǫllu,' entirely; 'alls fyrst,' first of all. |
| all-stōrum adv. very greatly. |
| all-valdr sm. monarch, king. |
| al-snotr adj. very clever. |
| al-svartr adj. very black, coal-black. |
| alt adv. quite. |
| ambātt sf. 2, female slave, maid. |
| and-lit sn. face [līta]. |
| annarr prn. second; following, next; other; one of the two--'annar...annarr,' one...the other. |
| aptann sm. evening. |
| aptastr adj. most behind. |
| aptr adv. back, backwards, behind. |
| ār sf. oar. |
| ār sn. year. |
| ār see ā. |
| argr adj. cowardly, base. |
| ār-maðr sm. steward. |
| armr adj. wretched. |
| ās-męgin sn. divine strength. |
| āss sm. 3, (Scandinavian) god. |
| āst sf. 2, affection, love, often in pl. |
| āst-sæll adj. beloved, popular. [sæll, 'happy']. |
| āsynja wf. (Scandinavian) goddess [āss]. |
| āt see eta. |
| at prp. w. dat. at, by; to, towards, up to; for; in accordance with, after. |
| at adv. to. |
| -at adv. not. |
| at-laga wf. attack [lęggja]. |
| at-rōðr (-rar) sm. 2, rowing against, attack. |
| ātta num. eight. |
| ātta see eiga. |
| auð-kęndr adj. easy to be recognized, easily distinguishable. |
| auðr adj. desert, deserted, without men. |
| auð-sēnn adj. evident. |
| auga wn. eye. |
| aug-sȳn sf. sight. |
| auka sv. 1, increase; impers., w. dat. of what is added 'jōk nū miklu ā,' much was added to it (his hesitation increased). |
| austan adv. from the east. |
| aust-maðr sm. Easterner, Norwegian. |
| austr sn. the east--'ī au.,' eastwards. |
| austr adv. eastwards. |
| austr-vegr sm. the East, especially Russia. |
| āvalt adv. continually, all the time. |
| ā-vanr adj. wanting; impers. neut. in 'einnar mēr Freyju āvant þykkir,' Freyja alone I seem to want. |
| ā-vinnr adj. toilsome, only in the impers. neut. 'mun ā-vint verða um sǫxin,' it will be a hard fight at the prow. |
| bað see biðja. |
| bāðir prn. both, neut. as adv. in 'bæði...ok,' both...and. |
| bāðu see biðja. |
| bǣða see biðja. |
| bǣði see bāðir. |
| baggi wm. bag; bundle. |
| bak sn. back, 'vęrja eitt baki,' defend a thing with the back, i.e. turns one's back to it = be a coward. |
| bak-borði wm. larboard. |
| bāl sn. flame; funeral pile. |
| bāl-fǫr sf. funeral. |
| bani wm. death. |
| bar see bera. |
| bardagi wm. battle. |
| barð sn. edge, rim; projection in the prow of a ship formed by the continuation of the keel. |
| barða see bęrja. |
| barði wm. war-ship with a sharp prow, ram. |
| barn sn. child. |
| batt see binda. |
| bauð see bjōða. |
| beiða wv. 1, w. gen. of thing and dat. of pers. benefited, ask, demand. |
| bein sn. bone. |
| bękkr sm. 2, bench. |
| bęlla wv. 1, occupy oneself with, deal in, generally in a bad sense. |
| bera sv. 4, carry, take; bear, endure. berask at, happen. b. fram, bring forward, out. b. vāpn niðr, shoot down. b. rāð sīn saman, hold council, deliberate. |
| berg-risi wm. hill-giant. |
| bęrja wv. 1b, strike--'b. grjōti,' stone. bęrjask, fight. |
| bęrr adj. bare, unsheathed (of a sword). |
| ber-sęrkr sm. 2, wild fighter, champion. [Literally 'bear-shirt,' i.e. one clothed in a bear's skin.] |
| bętr see vel. |
| bętri see gōðr. |
| bęzt see vel. |
| bęztr see gōðr. |
| beygja wv. 1, bend, arch. |
| bīða sv. 6, w. gen. wait for; w. acc. abide, undergo. |
| biðja sv. 5, ask, beg, pray, w. gen. of thing, acc. of the pers. asked, and dat. of the person benefited; express a wish, bid--'bað hann vel kominn' (vera understood), bad him welcome; call on, challenge, command, tell. |
| bifask wv. 1, tremble, shake. |
| bil sn. moment of time. |
| bila wv. 2, fail. |
| bilt neut. adj. only in the impers. 'einum verðr bilt,' one hesitates, is taken aback, is afraid. |
| binda sv. 3, bind, tie up; dress. |
| birta wv. 1, show [bjartr]. |
| bīta sv. 6, bite; cut. |
| bittu see binda. |
| bitu see bīta. |
| bjarn-dȳri sn. bear. |
| bjartr adj. bright, clear. |
| bjō see būa. |
| bjōða sv. 7, w. acc. and dat. offer, propose--'b. einum fang,' challenge to wrestling; invite. b. upp, give up. |
| bjǫrg sf. help; means of subsistence, store of food. |
| blāsa sv. 1, blow; blow trumpet as signal. |
| bleyða wf. coward. |
| blīða wf. gentleness, friendliness. |
| blindr adj. blind. |
| blōð sn. blood. |
| blōt-bolli wm. sacrificial bowl. |
| bœtr see bōt. |
| boga-skot sn. bowshot. |
| bogi wm. bow. |
| bog-maðr sm. bowman, archer. |
| bōndi sm. 4, yeoman, householder, (free) man [būa]. |
| borð sn. side of a ship, board; rim, the margin between the rim of a vessel and the liquid in it--'nū er gott beranda b. ā horninu,' now there is a good margin for carrying the horn, i.e. its contents are so diminished that it can be lifted without spilling. |
| borg sf. fortress, castle. |
| borg-hlið sn. castle gate. |
| bōt sf. 3, mending, improvement; plur. bœtr, compensation. |
| bǫrn see barn. |
| brā sf. eyelid. |
| brā see bregða. |
| bragð sn. trick, stratagem [bregða]. |
| brann see bręnna. |
| brast see bresta. |
| brātt adv. quickly. |
| braut sf. way--ā braut, adv. away. |
| braut see brjōta. |
| braut, brott adv. away. |
| bregða sv. 3, w. dat. jerk, pull, push; b. upp, lift, raise (to strike). change, transform. |
| breiðr adj. broad. |
| bręnna wf. burning; incremation. |
| bręnna sv. 3, burn intr. |
| bręnna wv. 1, burn trans. |
| bresta sv. 3, break, crack, burst. |
| brestr sm. crack; loss. |
| brjōst sn. breast. |
| brjōta sv. 7, break--'b. (skip)' suffer shipwreck, also impers. 'skip (acc.) brȳtr,' the ship is wrecked. |
| broddr sm. point. |
| brōðir sm. 4, brother. |
| brotinn see brjōta. |
| brotna wv. 3, break intr. |
| brott see braut. |
| brott-laga sf. retreat. |
| brū sf. bridge. |
| brūð-fē sn. bridal gift. |
| brūðr sf. 2, bride. |
| brūn sf. 3, eyebrow. |
| bryggja wf. pier. |
| brynja wf. corslet. |
| brȳnn see brūn. |
| bryn-stūka wf. corslet-sleeve. |
| bryti see brjōta. |
| brȳtr see brjōta. |
| bū sn. dwelling, home. |
| būa sv. 1, dwell; inhabit, possess, prepare. būask, get ready, prepare intr. 'er būit við at...' it is likely to be that..., there is danger of... |
| buðu see bjōða. |
| būinn adj. ready; in a certain condition--'(við) svā būit' adv. under such circumstances; capable, fit for--'vel at sēr būinn,' very capable, very good (at). |
| bundu see binda. |
| burr sm. son. |
| bȳðr see bjōða. |
| bȳr see būa. |
| byrja wv. 3, begin. |
| byr-vænn adj. promising a fair wind. |
| daga wv. 3, dawn. |
| dagan sf. dawn. |
| dagr sm. day. |
| dalr sm. valley. |
| dauðr adj. dead. |
| dęgi see dagr. |
| deyja sv. 2, die. |
| djūpr adj. deep. |
| dō see deyja. |
| dōmr sm. decision. |
| dōttir sf. 3, daughter. |
| dǫgurðr sm. breakfast [-urð = -verðr, cp. nāttverðr]. |
| dōkkr (-vir) adj. dark. |
| draga sv. 2, draw, drag. d. saman, collect. |
| drakk see drekka. |
| drap see drepa. |
| draumr sm. dream. |
| dręginn see draga. |
| dreif see drīfa. |
| dręki wm. dragon; dragon-ship, ship with a dragon's head as a beak. |
| drekka sv. 3, drink. |
| drepa sv. 5, strike; kill. |
| dreyma wv. 1, impers. w. acc. of pers. and acc. of the thing dream [draumr]. |
| drīfa sv. 6, drive; hasten. |
| drjūpa sv. 7, drop. |
| drō see draga. |
| drōgu see draga. |
| drōttinn sm. lord. |
| drōttin-hollr adj. faithful to its master. |
| drukkinn adj. (ptc.) drunk. |
| drupu see drjūpa. |
| drykkja wf. drinking [drekka]. |
| drykkju-maðr sm. drinker. |
| drykkr sm. 2, draught. |
| duna wv. 3, resound. |
| dunði see dynja. |
| dvalða see dvęlja. |
| dvęlja wv. 1b, delay. dvęljask, dwell, stop. |
| dvergr sm. dwarf. |
| dyðrill sm. (?). |
| dȳja wv. 1b, shake. |
| dynja wv. 1b, resound. |
| dȳr sn. animal, beast. |
| dyrr sfnpl. door. |
| eða cj. or. |
| ef cj. if. |
| ęfna wv. 1, perform, carry out. |
| ęggja wv. 3, incite. |
| eiðr sm. oath. |
| eiga wf. property. |
| eiga swv. possess, have: have as wife, be married to; have in the sense of must. |
| eigi adv. not; no. |
| eign sf. property. |
| eignask wv. 3, appropriate, gain. |
| eik sf. 3, oak. |
| einka-māl snpl. personal agreement, special treaty. |
| einn num., prn. one; the same; a certain, a; alone, only--'einn saman,' alone, mere. |
| einn-hvęrr prn. a certain, some, a. |
| eira wv. 1, w. dat. spare. |
| eitr sn. poison. |
| ek prn. I. |
| ęk see aka. |
| ekki prn. neut. nothing; adv. not. |
| eldr sm. fire. |
| ęlli wf. old age. |
| ellifti adj. eleventh. |
| ellifu num. eleven. |
| em see vera. |
| en cj. but; and. |
| en adv. than, after compar. |
| ęndask wv. 1, end, suffice for. |
| ęndi, ęndir sm. end. |
| ęnd-langr adj. the whole length--'ęndlangan sal,' the whole length of the hall. |
| ęndr adv. again. |
| engi prn. none, no. |
| ęnn adv. yet, still; besides; after all. |
| ęptir prp. w. acc. after (of time). w. dat. along, over; in quest of, after; according to, by. adv. afterwards; behind [aptr]. |
| ęptri adj. compar. hind. |
| er prn. rel. who, which, rel. adv. where; when; because, that. |
| er see vera. |
| er see þū. |
| ęrfiði sn. work; trouble. |
| ert see vera. |
| eru see vera. |
| eta sv. 5, eat. |
| ey sf. island. |
| fā sv. 1, grasp; receive, get; give; be able. fāsk, wrestle. fāsk ā, be obtained, be. |
| faðir sm. 4, father. |
| fær see fā. |
| fæstr see fār. |
| fagnaðr sm. 2, joy; entertainment, hospitality. |
| fagr adj. beautiful, fair, fine. |
| fagrliga adv. finely. |
| fall sn. fall. |
| falla sv. 1, fall. fallask, be forgotten, fail. |
| fang sn. embrace, grasp; wrestling. |
| fann see finna. |
| fār adj. few--neut. fātt w. gen.: 'fātt manna,' few men. |
| fara go, travel--w. gen. in such constr. as 'f. fęrðar sinnar,' go his way; fare (well, ill); happen, turn out; experience; 'f. með einu,' deal with, treat; destroy, use up w. dat. farask impers. in 'fęrsk þeim vel,' they have a good passage. |
| farmr sm. lading, cargo. |
| fastr adj. firm, fast, strong. |
| fē sn. property, money. |
| fęðrum see faðir. |
| fekk see fā. |
| fęgrð sf. beauty [fagr]. |
| fęgrstr see fagr. |
| feikn-stafir smpl. 2, wickedness. |
| fela sv. 3, hide. |
| fēlagi wm. companion. |
| fē-lauss adj. penniless. |
| fē-lītill adj. with little money, poor. |
| fell see falla. |
| fęlla wv. 1, fell, throw down; kill [falla]. |
| fengu, fęnginn see fā. |
| fęr see fara. |
| fęrð sf. 2, journey [fara]. |
| fer-skeyttr adj. four-cornered. |
| fimm num. five. |
| fimtāndi adj. fifteenth. |
| finna sv. 3, find; meet, go to see; notice, see. |
| fjaðr-hamr sm. feathered (winged) coat. |
| fjall sn. mountain. |
| fjār see fē. |
| fjara sf. ebb-tide; beach. |
| fjogur see fjōrir. |
| fjōrði adj. fourth. |
| fjōrir num. four. |
| fjǫlð wf. quantity. |
| fjǫl-kyngi sn. magic. |
| fjǫl-męnni sn. multitude; troop [maðr]. |
| fjǫrðr sm. 3, firth. |
| fjǫrur see fjara. |
| flā sv. 2, flay, skin. |
| flaug see fljūga. |
| flęginn see flā. |
| flestr see margr. |
| fljōta sv. 7, float, drift. |
| fljūga sv. 7, fly. |
| flō see fljūga. |
| floti wm. fleet [fljōtal. |
| flōtti wm. flight [flȳja]. |
| flugu see fljūga. |
| fluttu see flytja. |
| flȳja wv. 1, flee. |
| flytja wv. 1b. remove, bring. |
| fnāsa wv. 3, snort. |
| fœra wv. 1, bring, take; fasten [fara]. |
| fœrir see fara. |
| fœti see fōt. |
| fōlginn see fela. |
| fōlk sn. multitude, troop; people. |
| fōr see fara. |
| for-tǫlur wpl. representations, arguments [tala]. |
| fōstra wf. nurse. |
| fōt-hvatr adj. swift-footed. |
| fōtr sm. foot; leg. |
| fǫður see faðir. |
| fǫr sf. journey [fara]. |
| fǫru-neyti sn. company [njōta]. |
| frā prp. from, away from; about, concerning. 'ī frā' adv. away. |
| frændi sm. 4, relation. |
| frā-fall sn. death. |
| fram adv. forward, forth. compar. framar, ahead. |
| framastr adj. superl. chief, most distinguished. |
| frami wm. advantage, courage. |
| framiðr see fręmja. |
| fram-stafn sm. prow. |
| frā-sǫgn sf. narrative, relation. |
| freista wv. 3, w. gen. try, test. |
| fręmja wv. 1b, perform [fram]. |
| friðr sm. 2, peace. |
| frīðr adj. beautiful, fine. |
| frōðr adj. learned, wise. |
| frœkn adj. bold, daring. |
| frost sn. frost. |
| fugl sm. bird. |
| full-kominn adj. (ptc.) complete; ready (for). |
| fullr adj. full. |
| fundr sm. 2, meeting [finna]. |
| fundu see finna. |
| furðu adv. awfully, very. |
| fūss adj. eager. |
| fylgja wv. 1, w. dat. follow; accompany. |
| fylki sn. troop [fōlk]. |
| fylkja wv. 1, w. dat. draw up (troops) [fōlk]. |
| fylla wv. 1, fill [fullr]. |
| fyr, fyrir prp. w. acc. and dat. before; beyond, over--'f. borð,' overboard; instead of--'koma f.' adv. be given as compensation; for; because of. 'f. þvī at,' because. 'lītill. f. sēr,' insignificant. |
| fyrir-rūm sn. fore-hold, chief-cabin. |
| fyrirrūms-maðr sm. man in the fore-hold. |
| fyrr adv. compar. before, formerly. superl. fyrst, first. |
| fyrri adj. compar. former. superl. fyrstr, first. |
| fȳsa wv. 1, hasten trans.--impers. 'braut fȳsir mik,' I feel a desire to go away [fūss]. |