[1] The marriage portion of Queen Catherine included the city of Tangier, the Island of Bombay, and a sum equal to 300,000l. sterling. Tangier is a place of great antiquity, and was formerly one of the most splendid cities in Africa. It is stated by Procopius Cæsariensis to have been founded by the Phœnicians; it was known by the name of Tingis, or Tinja, and was taken by the Romans under Sertorius. It was afterwards captured by the Vandals, and was retaken by the celebrated Belisarius, who restored it to Justinian. On the invasion of the Saracens it was surrendered to them by Count Julian. In the fifteenth century it was the scene of several desperate engagements between the Moors and Portuguese; and in 1437 Prince Ferdinand was defeated before the city, and his army subjected to an ignominious capitulation. In 1471 it was taken by Alfonso V., king of Portugal. After the death of Sebastian, it fell into the hands of Spain; but upon the restoration of the Braganza family to the throne of Portugal, in 1640, it was once more annexed to that monarchy.

[2] A memorandum on the subject of Regimental Colours is given in the Appendix, and marked E.

[3] Copy of a letter addressed by King Charles II.:—

'To the Earl of Peterborough.

'Dated Whitehall, y_e 21^st of 10^ber 1661.

'Y^r very aff^nate friend

'Charles R.'

'Bibl. Harl., 6844.'

[4] Mercurius Publicus.

[5] These battalions were part of the royal force which fought for Charles I. during the civil war in England. In 1657 they entered the service of Spain; and in 1660 were placed in garrison at Dunkirk; in 1663 they were incorporated in the Queen's Tangier Regiment.

Dunkirk had been taken from the Spaniards by the combined armies of England and France in 1658, and was ceded in 1659 to England. It was sold by King Charles II. to the French, for 500,000l.

[6] Henry, Lord Mordaunt, second Earl of Peterborough, was the son and heir of John, first Earl of Peterborough, who died in 1642. He raised a regiment, at his own expense, in behalf of King Charles I.; was wounded at the battle of Newbury on the 27th of October, 1644, and in 1648 was concerned, with the Earl of Holland, in an attempt to rescue the King from his imprisonment:—the Earl of Holland was taken, and was beheaded in February, 1649; the Earl of Peterborough, and his brother John, (who was created Lord Mordaunt and Viscount Avelon on the 10th of July, 1659,) escaped, and were voted traitors to the Commonwealth, and their estates were sequestered.

The services of the Earl of Peterborough, in support of the royal cause, during the civil wars, entitled him to the favour of King Charles II. at the Restoration; and the Colonelcy of the Queen's regiment of foot, and the governorship of Tangier, were deservedly conferred upon a nobleman who, under the severest trials of his fortitude and consistency, had shown himself a constant and zealous supporter of monarchical government. He was employed in several important situations of trust in the service of King James II., and on the 20th of June, 1685, he was appointed colonel of the 3rd Regiment of Horse, (now the 2nd Dragoon Guards,) from which he was removed at the Revolution in 1688. His lordship died on the 19th of June, 1697, and was succeeded in his titles, &c. by his nephew, Charles, third Earl of Peterborough, so celebrated in the wars in Spain in the reign of Queen Anne.

[7] History of Tangier, published by authority in 1664.

[8] History of Tangier, London, 1664.

[9] Andrew Rutherford, Earl of Teviot, was of a Scotch family, and he commanded a battalion of Scots Guards in the French service for several years. He attained the rank of Lieutenant-General, in France, and enjoyed considerable reputation for his military talents. At the Restoration he accompanied King Charles II. to England, and having been especially recommended to the notice of his sovereign by Louis XIV., was created, in 1661, Lord Rutherford. He was appointed, on the 22nd of May, 1661, to succeed Sir Edward Harley as Governor of Dunkirk, which he held until the place was sold and delivered up to the French in 1662: on the 2nd of February, 1663, he was advanced to the dignity of Earl of Teviot. He was killed in an engagement with the Moors on the 4th of May, 1664, as above stated; and dying without issue, his title became extinct.

[10] The Earl of Middleton who was appointed Governor of Tangier, was John, first Earl, so celebrated in the History of Scotland during the civil wars, and in the early years of King Charles's Restoration. He had been deprived, in 1663, of all his offices, and received the governorship of Tangier as a kind of honourable exile. Charles, second Earl of Middleton, his son, followed the fortunes of the House of Stuart, and his estate was forfeited by Act of Parliament, 1695.

[11] William O'Brien, second Earl of Inchiquin, served under his father in Catalonia, and in other foreign wars, during which, being ordered to command the troops sent to assist the Portuguese in their revolt from Spain, he and his father, with all the family, were taken by an Algerine corsair. In this engagement he lost his eye by a shot. In 1675 he was appointed Captain General of His Majesty's Forces in Africa, and Governor and Vice-Admiral of the Royal Citadel of Tangier, and of the adjacent parts, in which government he continued six years. In 1688 he was attainted by King James's Parliament, and had his estate sequestered; during which troubles he headed a considerable body of Protestants in Munster, who, being surprised by Major-General M'Carthy, were all disarmed. After the Revolution, he was made Governor of Jamaica and Vice-Admiral of the seas thereof; in which island he lived sixteen months only after his arrival. He died in January, 1691, at St. Jago de la Vega.

[12] Sir Palmes Fairborne was son of Colonel Stafford Fairborne, of Nottinghamshire. He served as a soldier of fortune at the siege of Candia. There is a monument to his memory in Westminster Abbey, with a long and elegant inscription, in verse, from the pen of Dryden. His son, Sir Stafford Fairborne, was an Admiral in the reigns of King William and Queen Anne.

[13] Lieutenant-Colonel Sackville was promoted to the rank of Colonel on the 12th of June, 1685; of Brigadier-General on the 3rd of July, 1685; and of Major-General on the 7th of November, 1688. He gave up his commissions to King James II. on the 19th of December, 1688.

[14] Narrative of the great engagement at Tangier, 1680.

[15] Colonel Piercy Kirke had served under the Duke of Monmouth in the army of the King of France, by the special permission of his Majesty King Charles II., granted on the 23rd of February, 1673: he was Captain Lieutenant of the Earl of Oxford's own troop of the Royal Regiment of Horse Guards in 1675, and was promoted from that regiment to be Lieutenant-Colonel of the Earl of Plymouth's, or the 2nd Tangier Regiment, (now the 4th Foot) on its being raised in 1680, and he embarked with it for Tangier in September of that year. Having distinguished himself in several actions with the Moors, on the death of the Earl of Plymouth at Tangier, he was promoted to the Colonelcy of the 2nd Tangier Regiment on the 27th of November, 1680, and was transferred to the Queen's Regiment on the 19th of April, 1682.

[16] The following rewards were paid to four soldiers of the Queen Dowager's Regiment of Foot, who were wounded at the battle of Sedgemoor: viz., James Barnes, John Rosse, James Resin, and John Pawling; ten marks, amounting to £6 13s. 4d. to each man.—War Office Records.

[17] Story's Wars in Ireland.

[18] Memoirs of the Duke of Berwick.

[19] A quantity of dollars was taken by the Queen Dowager's Regiment at Vigo, and a number of them was distributed amongst the soldiers as a reward for their gallantry. After its return to England the regiment received 561l. 10s. prize-money. Bibl. Harl. 7025.

[20] The following was the disposition of the forces under the command of the Duke of Ormond, upon their arrival in England from Spain, in November, 1702, viz.—

[21] The Queen Dowager Catherine was born at Villa Vicosa on the 14th of November, 1638, being daughter of Don Juan XVII., then Duke of Braganza, (afterwards King of Portugal,) and only sister of Don Alphonso XVII., and Don Pedro, afterwards King of Portugal. Her marriage with Charles II., King of England, was solemnised in Portugal, the Earl of Sandwich being proxy for King Charles on the 23rd of April, 1662. She embarked for England, and arrived at Portsmouth on the 14th of May (O.S.), and was married to the King by Doctor Gilbert Sheldon, the Bishop of London, on the 21st of the same month.

[22] David, first Earl of Portmore, K.T., was son and heir of Sir Alexander Robertson, Bart., of Strowan, in the county of Perth, who assumed the name of Colyear, and who was Colonel of one of the regiments of the Scots' Brigade in the service of Holland.

David Colyear engaged as a volunteer with the Dutch forces under the Prince of Orange, in 1674, and came to England with his Highness at the Revolution in 1688. He served, with great reputation, in Ireland and in Flanders, and was created Baron Portmore and Blackness in 1699. In 1703 he was created Baron Colyear, Viscount Milsington, and Earl of Portmore. He was promoted to the rank of General in 1710; in the same year he was appointed Commander of the Forces in Scotland, and was allowed to sell his colonelcy of the Queen's Regiment. He was appointed Governor of Gibraltar in 1713, and in 1714 he succeeded the Earl of Stair as Colonel of the Second, or Royal North British Dragoons. He died at Gibraltar, on the 2nd of January, 1730.

[23] Sir Charles Montague was the son of Brigadier-General Edward Montague, Colonel of the Eleventh Foot, and Governor of Hull, nephew of George, second Earl of Halifax, and great nephew to the celebrated minister Halifax. He had an elder brother, Edward, killed at the battle of Fontenoy, being then Lieutenant-Colonel of the Thirty-first Foot. Sir Charles attained the rank of Colonel in the army on the 30th of November, 1755; Major-General on the 25th of June, 1759; and Lieutenant-General on the 19th of January, 1761. He died on the 1st of August, 1777.

[24] Lieut.-General Daniel Jones was promoted to the Colonelcy of the Queen's Royal from the Third Foot Guards, in which regiment he had attained the rank of Captain and Lieutenant-Colonel on the 7th of November, 1759, and Major on the 18th of April, 1770. His commissions as a general officer were, Major-General on the 28th of August, 1777, and Lieutenant-General on the 19th of July, 1779.

[25] Major-General Alexander Stewart attained the rank of Captain in the Thirty-seventh Foot in 1761; and was promoted to be Major of the same regiment on the 9th of August, 1771. He was appointed Lieutenant-Colonel of the Third Foot on the 7th of July, 1775; Colonel in the army on the 16th of May, 1780; and Major-General on the 28th of April, 1790. In the campaigns of 1794, in Flanders, he commanded the First Brigade of British infantry, from which he retired in consequence of ill health, brought on by severe fatigue about a month previous to his death. General Stewart was of Afton, in Wigtonshire, and Member of Parliament for Kirkcudbright.

[26] Lieutenant Charles Turner was promoted to a company in the African Colonial Corps, on the 8th of June, 1803; to a Majority of the same corps on the 18th of April, 1804; and to the Lieutenant-Colonelcy of the West Indian Rangers, on the 28th of May, 1807. He joined the army in Portugal, under Marshal Sir William Carr Beresford, K.B., and lost his left arm in the repulse of a sortie of the French from Badajoz, on the 10th of May, 1811, while in command of the 17th Portuguese Infantry. He was promoted to the rank of Major-General on the 19th of July, 1821; and was appointed Captain General and Commander-in-Chief in Africa, on the 24th of June, 1824; he died at Sierra Leone on the 7th of March, 1826.

[27] Lieutenant Derisley was killed while on piquet before the Fort St. Julien, Rosetta; and Ensign Allman was wounded in the action of the 21st of March. Besides those who died whilst the regiment was in Egypt, there were 56 left sick in that country on its embarkation, 29 of whom fell a sacrifice to disease.

[28] See General Orders in Appendix B.

[29] See General Orders of the 18th of January and the 1st of February, 1809, inserted in Appendix C.

[30] At the battle of Corunna, Samuel Evans, a private in the Grenadier company of the Queen's Royal, was carried off among the wounded. He was landed in England, and died in the Military Hospital at Plymouth, on the 30th of January. A post mortem examination showed that he had been shot through the heart, yet had survived sixteen days. His heart is preserved in the museum of the above Hospital.

[31] See General Orders of the 18th of August, 1809, in Appendix D.

[32] General James Coates was eighty-two years of age, and at the time of his death, the fourth in seniority on the list of Generals. He was appointed Major of the Sixty-sixth Foot, the 3rd of October, 1766, and Lieutenant-Colonel of the Nineteenth Foot on the 11th of September, 1775; of which regiment he continued to be Lieutenant-Colonel, till the 20th of December, 1794, when he was promoted to the Colonelcy of the Second. His commissions as general officer bear date, Major-General, the 28th of April, 1790; Lieutenant-General, the 26th of January, 1797; and General, the 29th of April, 1802.

[33] Lieutenant-Colonel Williams had been with the regiment in the West Indies. It was probably in consequence of his previous sojourn in an enervating climate that he felt, shortly after arriving in India, symptoms of chronic disease, so alarming when encountered in the heated regions of the tropics. A return to Europe was the course recommended, but Colonel Williams said, that having been honoured by his King with the command of an old distinguished corps, which he had conducted to the shores of India, he thought it was not for a soldier in the prime of life to abandon his post on the first summons, and preferred making trial of an elevated climate on the Neilgherry-hills, in hopes of rejoining his friends and comrades, with whose fortunes he wished to identify his own. The change of abode was found to prolong his life, but did not remove the complaint; and when a reluctant consent was given to depart for England, it was too late: the hand of death was approaching him, and he died at Cannanore, on the Malabar coast, whither he had been conveyed for embarkation.

[34] When Lieutenant-Colonel Place was ordered to Koolapore, he was so far gone in constitution, that his medical advisers suggested the propriety of relinquishing the attempt to proceed on active service. "I go—if I die on the road," was the reply of this respected officer. On this occasion, as above stated, he was charged with the command of a light battalion, and although no fighting took place, he gained the confidence and esteem of all who came in contact with him. Whilst employed on this expedition, he was appointed, by the Commander-in-Chief in India, (Lord Combermere,) to take command of the 41st Regiment, which was also at Koolapore. Like the former appeal, this was also one of duty and honour; and private considerations were again disregarded. Colonel Place had a perfect sense of his danger which at this time was but too apparent to every observer. He assumed the command of the 41st; and by his death, which followed in a few weeks after, his profession was deprived of a brave soldier, and his associates of a valuable friend. Colonel Place had seen much hard service in command of the light company of the 77th Regiment, whilst employed in the Peninsula war, and he had been quartered in Jamaica as major of the same corps shortly before his appointment as Lieutenant-Colonel to the Queen's.

[35] See Memoir in Appendix marked F.

[36] The Right Honourable the late General Sir William Keppel, G.C.B., died at Paris on the 11th of December, 1834: he served fifty-six years in the army, having entered the service in the year 1778. He served in North America and the West Indies, and was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant-General in 1803; Colonel Commandant of the 60th Foot, 24th of April, 1806; Colonel of the 67th Foot, 1811; Colonel of the 2nd or Queen's, 1828; General in the army, 1813. Sir William Keppel was for many years Groom of the Bedchamber and Equerry to his Majesty King George IV., who bestowed on him the appointment of Governor of Guernsey, when it became vacant by the death of the Earl of Pembroke, in 1827.