Western Wallflower

108. BITTERCRESSMustard Family
Cardamine hirsuta

You may find this plant blooming during April and May in the Sonoran Zones of Zion National Park. Its habitat is generally the dry sandy hillsides rather than the deep canyons.

The wide-spreading, circular, doom-shaped clumps present an attractive display in pure white flowers. The petals of four are arranged like a cross.

Being a perennial, the clumps seem to expand from year to year and often reach a spread of four to five feet across. The plants are useful in building soil and in preventing erosion.

Bittercress

109. HUMMINGBIRD TRUMPETEvening-primrose Family
Zauschneria garrettii

One of the late blooming plants in Zion National Park is the Hummingbird Trumpet, also called Fire-chalice, or sometimes the Wild Fushia. It can often be found on the Canyon Overlook Trail or on the West Rim Trail at elevations near 6,000 feet.

It can be identified by the narrow oval leaves pointed and toothed, and the fushialike flowers, narrowly funnel-shaped, with the pistil and stamens extending beyond the petals.

The brilliant scarlet of this flower in fairly dense clusters makes a very attractive display in late August and September.

Hummingbird Trumpet

INDEX

Common Name Scientific Name Figure Number
A
Alfilera Erodium circutraium 48
American Harebell Campanula rotundifolia 92
Antelope Bitterbrush Purshia tridentata 34
Arnica, Heartleaf Arnica cordifolia 103
Arrowleaf Balsamroot Balsamorhiza sagittata 106
Aster, Purple Aster sp. 96
B
Balsamroot, Arrowleaf Balsamorhiza sagittata 106
Baneberry, Western Actaea arguta 20
Bearberry Honeysuckle Lonicera involucrata 90
Beavertail Cactus Opuntia basilaris 61
Bitterbrush, Antelope Purshia tridentata 34
Bittercress Cardamine hirsuta 108
Bitterroot Lewisia rediviva 14
Blackbrush Coleogyne ramosissima 35
Blazingstar, Desert Mentzelia multiflora 57
Bluebells, Mountain Mertensia ciliata 78
Bluedicks Dichelostemma pulchellum 4
Buckhorn Cholla Cactus Opuntia acanthocarpa 62
Buckwheat, Wild Eriogonum umbellatum 8
Buffaloberry, Roundleaf Shepherdia rotundifolia 65
Bush Cinquefoil Potentilla fruticosa 36
Buttercup, Sand Ranunculus juniperinus 21
Buttercup Ranunculus sp. 16
Butterfly Milkweed Asclepias tuberosa 75
C
Cactus Fruit Opuntia engelmannii 64
Calypso Orchid Calypso bulbosa 11
Cardinalflower, Western Lobelia splendens 93
Cinquefoil, Bush Potentilla fruticosa 36
Chokecherry Prunus virginiana 40
Cliffrose, Stansbury Cowania stansburiana 33
Columbine Aquilegia sp. 17
Coneflower Rudbeckia occidentalis 25
Creosotebush Larrea tridentata 50
Curlycup Gumweed Grindelia squarrosa 95
D
Deathcamas, Mountain Zigadenus elegans 7
Desertbeauty Dalea Dalea johnsoni 46
Desert Blazingstar Mentzelia multiflora 57
Desert Globemallow Sphaeralcea ambigua 53
Desert Marigold Baileya multiradiata 101
Desert Princesplume Stanleya pinnata 26
Desert Sage Salvia carnosa 80
E
Eaton Penstemon Penstemon eatoni 83
Elder, Red-berried Sambucus racemosa 31
Elephanthead Pedicularis Pedicularis groenlandica 91
Elk Thistle Cirsium foliosum 24
Engelmann Pricklypear Cactus Opuntia engelmannii 64
Ephedra, Green Ephedra viridis 9
Euphorbia, Whitemargin Euphorbia albomarginata 51
Evening-primrose, White Oenothera caespitosa 66
Evening-primrose, Yellow Oenothera strigosa 67
F
Fineleaf Yucca Yucca angustissima 6
Firechalice Zauschneria garrettii 109
Fireweed Epilobium angustifolium 54
Flax, Lewis Linum lewisii 49
Fleabane Erigeron speciosus 97
Four-O’Clock Mirabilis multiflora 12
Fourwing Saltbush Atriplex canescens 10
Fremont Geranium Geranium fremontii 47
Fremont Barberry Berberis fremonti 23
Fringed Gentian Gentiana thermalis 74
Fritillary, Purplespot Fritillaria atropurpurea 5
G
Gaillardia Gaillardia parryi 100
Gentian, Fringed Gentiana thermalis 74
Gentian, Green Frasera speciosa 70
Geranium, Fremont Geranium fremontii 47
Gilia, Skyrocket Gilia aggregata 77
Globemallow, Scarlet Sphaeralcea coccinea 52
Globemallow, Desert Sphaeralcea ambigua 53
Green Ephedra Ephedra viridis 9
Green Gentian Frasera speciosa 70
Greenleaf Manzanita Arctostaphylis patula 69
Gumweed, Curlyleaf Grindelia squarrosa 95
H
Harebell, American Campanula petiolata 92
Heartleaf Arnica Arnica cordifolia 103
Hedgehog Cactus Echinocereus coccineus 58
Honey Mesquite Prosopis juliflora 41
Honeysuckle, Bearberry Lonicera involucrata 90
Hummingbird Trumpet Zauschneria garrettii 109
I
Indianpotato Orogenia linearifolia 72
Indian Paintbrush Castilleja coccinea 88
L
Larkspur Delphinium sp. 18
Lewis Flax Linum lewisii 49
Ligusticum, Porter Ligusticum porteri 68
Littleleaf Mountainmahogany Cercocarpus intricatus 32
Loco Astragalus sp. 43
Locust, New Mexico Robinia neomexicana 45
Lupine Lupinus sp. 42
M
Manzanita, Greenleaf Arctostaphylis patula 69
Mariposa, Segolily Calochortus nuttallii 1
Mariposa, Yellow Calochortus nuttallii var. aureus 2
Marigold, Desert Baileya multiradiata 101
Marshmarigold Caltha leptosepala 15
Meadow Salsify Tragopogon pratensis 104-105
Mesquite, Honey Prosopis juliflora 41
Milkweed, Butterfly Asclepias tuberosa 75
Monkeyflower Mimulus cardinalis 87
Monkshood Aconitum columbianum 19
Mountain Bluebells Mertensia ciliata 78
Mountain Deathcamas Zigadenus elegans 7
Mountainmahogany, Littleleaf Cercocarpus intricatus 32
Mountain Sunflower Helianthella uniflora 98
Mullein Verbascum thapsus 81
N
New Mexico Locust Robinia neomexicana 45
O
Oregon Grape Berberis repens 22
Oysterplant - Meadow Salsify Tragopogon pratensis 104-105
P
Palmer Penstemon Penstemon palmeri 85
Parry Primrose Primula parryi 71
Penstemon, Eaton Penstemon eatoni 83
Penstemon, Palmer Penstemon palmeri 85
Penstemon, Royal Penstemon speciosus 82
Penstemon, Thickleaf Penstemon pachyphyllus 84
Phlox, Pink Phlox canescens 76
Pinedrops, Woodland Pterospora andromedea 55
Poisonvetch Astragalus sabulosus 44
Porter Ligusticum Ligusticum porteri 68
Prairiesmoke Geum triflorum var. ciliatum 37
Prairie Spiderwort Tradescantia occidentalis 3
Pricklepoppy Argemone platyceras 28
Pricklypear Cactus Opuntia rhodantha 60
Princesplume, Desert Stanleya pinnata 26
Puccoon, Narrowleaf Lithospermum incisum 79
Purplespot Fritillary Fritillaria atropurpurea 5
Purple Torch Cactus Echinocereus engelmanii 59
R
Rabbitbrush Chrysothamnus sp. 94
Rocky Mountain Beeplant Cleome serrulata 29
Rose, Wild Rosa sp. 38
Roundleaf Buffaloberry Shepherdia rotundifolia 65
Royal Penstemon Penstemon speciosus 82
S
Sacred Datura Datura meteloides 86
Sage, Desert Salvia carnosa 80
Saltbush, Fourwing Atriplex canescens 10
Sand Buttercup Ranunculus juniperinus 21
Scarlet Globemallow Sphaeralcea coccinea 52
Segolily Mariposa Calochortus nuttalli 1
Serviceberry Amelanchier alnifolia 39
Shootingstar Dodecatheon pauciflorum 73
Skyrocket Gilia Gilia aggregata 77
Spiderflower, Yellow Cleome lutea 30
Snowberry Symphoricarpos utahensis 89
Spiderwort, Prairie Tradescantia occidentalis 3
Springbeauty Claytonia lanceolata 13
Stansbury Cliffrose Cowania stansburiana 33
Stonecrop Sedum stenopetalum 27
Sunflower, Common Helianthus annuus 99
Sunflower, Mountain Helianthella uniflora 98
T
Thickleaf Penstemon Penstemon pachyphyllus 84
Thistle, Elk Cirsium foliosum 107
V
Violet, Yellow Viola praemorsa 56
W
Western Baneberry Actaea arguta 20
Western Cardinalflower Lobelia splendens 93
Western Wallflower Erysimum capitatum 107
Western Yarrow Achillea lanulosa 102
Whitemargin Euphorbia Euphorbia albomarginata 51
Wild Buckwheat Eriogonum umbellatum 8
Wild Rose Rosa sp. 38
Woodland Pinedrops Pterospora andromedea 55
Y
Yarrow, Western Achillea lanulosa 102
Yellow Mariposa Calochortus nuttallii var. aureus 2
Yellow Spiderflower Cleome lutea 30
Yellow Violet Viola praemorsa 56
Yucca, Fineleaf Yucca angustissima 6

REFERENCES

Arnberger, Leslie P. (Drawings by Jeanne R. Janish)

Flowers of the Southwest Mountains. Southwestern Monuments Assoc., Globe, Arizona, 1952.

Armstrong, Margaret

Field Book of Western Wild Flowers. G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1915.

Bailey, H. E. and Bailey, V. L.

Woody Plants of the Western National Parks. The University Press, Notre Dame, Indiana, 1949.

Benson, Lyman

The Cacti of Arizona. University of New Mexico Press, 1950.

Clements, Frederic E. and Clements, Edith S.

Rocky Mountain Flowers. The H. W. Wilson Co., New York, 1928.

Coulter, John M. and Nelson, Aven

New Manual of Botany of the Central Rocky Mountains. American Book Company, New York, 1919.

Dodge, Natt N. (Drawings by Jeanne R. Janish)

Flowers of the Southwest Deserts. Southwestern Monuments Association, Globe, Arizona, 1954.

Jaeger, Edmund C.

Desert Wild Flowers. Stanford University Press, Revised Edition, 1944.

Joint Committee on Horticultural Nomenclature

Standardized Plant Names. Second Edition 1942. J. Horace McFarland Co.

Kearney, Thomas H. and Pebble, Robert H.

Arizona Flora. University of California Press, 1951.

McDougal, W. B. and Baggley, Herma A.

Plants of Yellowstone National Park. Revised Edition, Yellowstone Library and Museum Association, 1956.

McDougal, W. B. and Sperry, Omar E.

Plants of Big Bend National Park. Government Printing Office, 1951.

McDougal, W. B.

Checklist of Plants of Grand Canyon National Park. Bulletin No. 10. Grand Canyon Natural History Association, 1947.

Patraw, Pauline M. (Drawings by Jeanne R. Janish)

Flowers of the Southwest Mesas. Southwestern Monuments Association, Globe, Arizona, 1954.

Presnall, C. C. and Patraw, Pauline M.

Plants of Zion National Park. Bulletin No. 1. Zion-Bryce Natural History Association, 1937.

Preston, Richard J.

Rocky Mountain Trees. The Iowa State College Press, Ames, Iowa, 1947.

Saunders, Charles Francis

Western Wild Flowers and Their Stories. Doubleday, Doran Co., 1933.

Tidestrom, Ivar

Flora of Utah and Nevada. Government Printing Office, 1925.

WHEELWRIGHT LITHOGRAPHING COMPANY
SALT LAKE CITY UTAH

Mountain meadow

Transcriber’s Notes