169 In the title of the edition which I have perused of his Obras, (Madrid, 1610, in 4to.) the word “Hurtado” is omitted, and he is called simply Diego de Mendoza; but the Mendozas are so numerous in Spanish literature, that it is necessary to pay attention to all the distinctions in their names.
The passage is in the epistle commencing:
171 They are to be found among his poems with these titles:—“Carta en redondillas, estando preso.”—“Redondillas, estando preso por una pendencia que tuvo en palacio.”
172 The best life of Mendoza is that which precedes his Guerra de Granada, Valencia, 1776, in quarto. The notices in the fourth volume of the Parnaso Español are also copious and useful.
173 It commences thus:—
174 The commencement relates to Boscan’s wife:—
177 Words on which elisions are permitted in Italian, as for example, dar, legger, amor, peggior, instead of dare, leggere, amore, peggiore, are in Spanish, by an invariable rule of the language, written dar, leèr, amor, peòr; and, on the other hand, no poet can presume to omit the terminating vowels in Spanish words. A succession of pure feminine rhymes is, therefore, as unnatural in the Spanish language as in the German. In the Spanish, however, the unnatural effect is easily concealed; while in the German, the incessant recurrence of the semi-mute e, in feminine rhymes, is intolerable.
178 The following is characteristic, since it presents in a picture of the poet’s mode of life, the mingled features of Italian refinement and the Spanish tone of thinking.
179 One of those canciones commences in a sententious way in the horatian manner, but it soon degenerates into an obscurity, very unlike Horace.
180 See the Introduction, page 20.
181 For example:—
182 The following are the first stanzas of a song, which he composed in prison, after his extraordinary adventure in the court of Madrid:—
183 In a half comic song, he describes jealousy (in Spanish los zelos, jealous thoughts), in a series of very odd, negative comparisons;—for example:
184 The only editions of the vida de Lazarillo de Tormes now in circulation, are printed after that published at Saragossa, in the year 1652, with de Luna’s corrections and continuation.
185 A new edition of this work, which is entitled:—Guerra de Granada, que hizo el rey don Felipe II. &c. Escriviòla D. Diego Hurtado de Mendoza, has been mentioned in the note, p. 193. It is in fact the first correct edition, for in it the original text is restored by collation with the genuine MS.
186 This affectation of style is particularly observable in the Proœmium; and therefore that part of the work does not create a very favourable prepossession towards the author, in the mind of the impartial critic:—
Bien sè que muchas cosas de las que escriviere pareceràn a algunos livianas, i menudas para Historia, comparadas a las grandes, que de España se hallan escritas; Guerras largas de varios sucesos, tomas i desolaciones de Ciudades populosas, Reyes vencidos i presos, discordias entre padres i hijos, hermanos i hermanas, suegros i hiernos, desposeidos, restituidos, i otra vez desposeidos, muertos a hierro, acabados linages, mudadas successiones de Reinos; libre i estendido campo, i ancha salida para los Escritores. Yo escogi camino mas estrecho, trabajoso, esteril, i sin gloria; pero provechoso, i de fruto para los que adelante vinieren; comienzos bajos, rebelion de salteadores, junta de esclavos, tumulto de villanos, competencias, odios, ambiciones, i pretensiones; dilacion de provisiones, falta de dinero, inconvenientes o no creidos, o tenidos en poco.
187 For example:
Porque la Inquisicion los comenzò a apretar mas de lo ordinario. El Rei les mandò dejar la habla Morisca, i con ella el comercio i comunicacion entre si; quitòseles el servicio de los Esclavos negros a quienes criavan con esperanzas de hijos, el habito Morisco en que tenian empleado gran caudal; obligaronlos a vestir Castellano con mucha costa, que las mugeres trugesen los rostros descubiertos, que las casas acostumbradas a estar cerradas estuviesen abiertas: lo uno i lo otro tan grave de sufrir entre gente celosa. Huvo fama que les mandavan tomar los hijos, i pasallos a Castilla. Vedaronles el uso de los baños, que eran su limpieza i entrenimiento; primero les havian prohibido la Musica, cantares, fiestas, bodas, conforme a su costumbre, i qualesquier juntas de pasatiempo. Saliò todo esto junto sin guardia, ni provision de gente; sin reforzar presidios viejos, o firmar otros nuevos.
188 This speech is forcibly written, and the style is no where disfigured by rhetorical ornament. The following is one of its most powerful passages:—
Quien quita que el hombre de Lengua Castellana no pueda tener la lei del Profeta? i el de la lengua Morisca la lei de Jesus? llaman a nuestros hijos a sus Congregaciones i casas de letras, enseñanles artes que nuestros mayores prohibieron aprenderse; porque no se confundiese la puridad, i se hiciese litigiosa la verdad de la lei. Cada hora nos amenazan quitarlos de los brazos de sus madres, i de la crianza de sus padres, i pasarlos a tierras agenas; donde olviden nuestra manera de vida, i aprendan a ser enemigos de los padres que los engendramos, i de las madres que los parieron. Mandannos dejar nuestro habito, vestir el Castellano. Vistense entre ellos los Tudescos de una manera, los Franceses de otra, los Griegos de otra, los Frailes de otra, los mozos de otra, i de otra los viejos; cada Nacion, cada profesion i cada estado usa su manera de vestido, i todos son Christianos; i nosotros Moros, porque vestimos a la Morisca; como si truxesemos la lei en el vestido, i no en el corazon.
189 Demàs desto proveerse de vitualla, eligir lugar en la montaña donde guardalla, fabricar armas, reparar las que de mucho tiempo tenian escondidas, comprar nuevas, i avisar de nuevo a los Reyes de Argel, Fez, Señor de Tituan desta resolucion i preparaciones.
190 In the year 1737, that excellent critic Mayans, in allusion to Diego de Mendoza’s Guerra de Granada, observes:—Deve leerse, como el la escriviò. Quiere Dios que algun dia la publique yo! (Orig. de la Lingua Española, vol. i. p. 205). Thus even at that period a genuine edition, such as Mayans wished to superintend, could not be published.
191 Dieze, it is true, alledges the contrary, in his notes on Velasquez; but it appears that he was acquainted only with the pastoral poems, and not with the other works of Saa de Miranda.
192 These Spanish pastoral poems are mingled indiscriminately with the Portuguese poems of the same author, in the neatly printed edition of the Obras do Doctor Francisco de Sà de Miranda, Lisboa, 1784, in 2 vols. 8vo. No attention has been paid to the correction of the Spanish poems in this collection, and Portuguese words continually occur in them; for example, as for las, pensamentos for pensamientos, outro for otro, &c. The orthography of the title-page is uncommon; for in other cases the Portuguese spelling is not doctor, but doutor, and Sà is a modern substitution for Saa.
193 The following stanza may certainly claim a place in the best epic poem.
194 For example:—
195 For instance, the following passage in the second eclogue:—
196 Can any thing be more charming than the following passage from the seventh eclogue? A nymph gazes on a sleeping shepherd.
197 For example, the apostrophe to the dead Diego, in the first eclogue.
198 For example, in the second eclogue:—
199 As for example, in the fifth eclogue:—
200 The following is a specimen:—
201 The biographical notices of Jorge de Montemayor, prefixed to the ninth volume of the Parnaso Español, do not exactly correspond with those by Nicolas Antonio.
202 Passages of real delicacy are not, however, wanting; for example:—
203 The following song, with which the lyric gallery opens, may be quoted as an instance:—
204 For example, the following Villancico, which has been frequently imitated:—
205 One of the most beautiful lyrical pieces that ever was composed in any language, is a cancion by Montemayor, of which the following are the three first stanzas. Diana is supposed to be singing:—
206 See vol. ii. of my History of Italian Poetry and Eloquence.
207 For example:—
Considerava que sus servicios eran sin esperança de galardon, cosa que a quien tuviera menos firmeza pudiera facilmente atajar el camino de sus amores. Mas era tanta su constancia, que puesta en medio de todas las causas la que tenia de olvidar a quien no se acordava del, salia tan a su salvo dellas, y tan sin prejuyzio del amor que a su pastora tenia, que sin miedo alguno acometia qualquiera imaginacion que en daño de su fe le sobreviniesse. Pues como vio à Sireno junto à la fuente quedo muy espantado de verle assi tan triste: no porque el ignorasse la causa de su tristeza, mas porque le parecio que si el huviera recebido el mas pequeño favor que Sireno algun tiempo recibio de Diana, aquel contentamiento bastara para toda la vida tenerle.
208 On one occasion, the beautiful Felismene calls love a devilish passion. Lo que siento desta endiablada passion, she says in the second book.
209 He thus describes the savage robbers by whom the nymphs are attacked:—
Venian armados de cosseletes, y celadas de cuero de tigre:—eran de tan fea catadura, que ponian espanto los cosseletes. Trayan por braçaletes unas bocas de serpientes, por donde sacavan los braços, que gruessos y vellosos parecian: y las celadas venian a hazer encima de la frente unas espantables cabeças de leones. Lo de mas trayan desnudo, cubierto de espesso y largo vello, unos bastones herrados de muy agudas puntas de azero. Trayan al cuello sus arcos y flechas: los escudos eran de unas conchas de pescado muy fuerte.
210 For instance, the sage Felicia thus philosophizes on love and virtue:—
En estos casos de amor tengo yo una regla, que siempre la he hallado muy verdadera, y es que el animo generoso, y el entendimiento delicado, en esto del querer bien, lleva grandissima ventaja al que no lo es. Porque como el amor sea virtud, y la virtud siempre haga assiento en le mejor lugar, esta claro que las personas de suerte seran muy mejor enamorades que aquellas à quien esta falta.
211 See the notices in Dieze’s remarks on Velasquez, p. 91, in which the different editions of the Diana are likewise mentioned.
212 Even this slender notice of the life of Herrera, which is partly extracted from Nicolas Antonio, and partly from the seventh volume of the Parnaso Español, seems to be rather matter of conjecture, than historically authentic.
213 He framed the new words, reluchar, ovoso, purpurar, ensañarse, from the Castilian luchar, ova, purpura, and saña: and he derived from the latin the words beligero, flamigero, horrisono.
214 Among the modern admirers of Herrera, Don Ramon Fernandez, in the preface to the fifth volume of his collection of Spanish poems, speaks with enthusiasm of the language of that poet. The fifth and sixth volumes of the collection (Madrid 1786), contain the Rimas de Fernando de Herrera.
215 Occasionally his descriptions seem to be imitated from Petrarch, though the imitation is, in some measure, concealed by the Spanish style of expression; for example, in the following stanza: