1 Khan Bahadur Fazlullah and Mr. K. D. Desai. ↑
2 Mr. D. K. Pandya, Schoolmaster, Dhhank. ↑
3 The Deputy Educational Inspector, Gohelwad. ↑
4 Mr. N. D. Vora, Schoolmaster, Rajpara. ↑
5 The Deputy Educational Inspector, Gohelwad. ↑
6 Mr. M. D. Vyas, Shastri, Bhayavadur. ↑
7 Mr. K. P. Joshi, Schoolmaster, Limbdi. ↑
8 The first nine days of Āshvin, the last month of the Gujarat Hindu Calendar, known otherwise as Mātānā dāhadā-mātā’s days. The influence of the mātās is very strong in these days. ↑
10 Mr. M. D. Vayas, Shastri, Bhayavadur. ↑
11 The Deputy Educational Inspector, Gohelwad. ↑
13 Mr. N. D. Vora, Schoolmaster, Rajpara. ↑
14 Mr. B. K. Dave, Schoolmaster, Kotda-Sangani. ↑
15 Mr. N. D. Vora, Schoolmaster, Rajpara. ↑
17 Lāpsi is coarse wheat-flour fried in ghi and sweetened with molasses or sugar. ↑
18 Vadān-bean flour—generally of gram or peas—is allowed to remain in water with spices until the paste acquires a sufficient degree of consistence, when it is rolled into small biscuit-sized balls and fried in oil. ↑
19 Bāklā are small round flat cakes of dry boiled beans. ↑
20 Mr. N. D. Vora, Schoolmaster, Rajpara. ↑
21 Mr. N. M. Dave, Schoolmaster, Sānkā. ↑
22 Mr. N. M. Dave, Schoolmaster, Sanka. ↑
23 Kansār is coarse wheat-flour cooked in three times as much water, sweetened with molasses or sugar, and taken with ghi.—B. L. Dave, Schoolmaster, Kotda-Sangani. ↑
24 The Deputy Educational Inspector, Gohelwad. ↑
25 Mr. G. K. Dave, Schoolmaster, Sultanpore. ↑
26 Mr. N. D. Vora, Schoolmaster, Rajpara. ↑
27 Mr. B. K. Dave, Schoolmaster, Kotda-Sangani. ↑
28 Mr. N. D. Vora, Schoolmaster, Rajpara. ↑
29 Mr. Girijashankar Karunashankar, Schoolmaster, Songadh. ↑
30 A dānklā is otherwise known by the name of dūg-dudioon. ↑
31 Mr. Jagannath Hirji, Schoolmaster, Chok. ↑
32 Mr. Jethabhai Mangaldas, Schoolmaster, Gondal. ↑
33 Mr. Nandlal Kalidas, Schoolmaster, Chhatrāsā. ↑
34 Mr. D. K. Pandya, Schoolmaster, Dhhank. ↑
35 Mr. H. R. Pandya, Schoolmaster, Khirasarā. ↑
36 Mr. L. G. Travadi, Schoolmaster, Upleta. ↑
37 Mr. D. K. Pandya, Schoolmaster, Dhhank. ↑
38 Mr. H. R. Pandya, Schoolmaster, Khirasarā. ↑
39 Mr. L. G. Travadi, Schoolmaster, Upleta. ↑
40 Mr. D. K. Pandya, Schoolmaster, Dhhank. ↑
41 Two pieces of cloth, a shouldercloth and a scarf are cast over the bridegroom and the bride, and they are tied together by a knot. It is the unloosing of this tie which is here referred to.—Mr. K. D. Desai. ↑
42 Mr. N. M. Dave, Schoolmaster, Sānkā. ↑
43 Mr. N. M. Dave, Schoolmaster, Sānkā. ↑
44 Mr. D. K. Pandya, Schoolmaster, Dhhank. ↑
45 The tendency to fraternise as much in belief as in nationality is a notable feature of Indian life. The saying goes:—Hindu Musalmān ék Rām bijó Rehmān. The Hindu and Musalman are not far apart; one is the follower of Rām, the other of Rehmān (the most compassionate—a Kuranic name of Allah). Again says another proverb: The Hindu and Musalmān are as closely connected as the breast and the skirt of a garment (Hindu né Musalmān moli dāman jo vehevār). The Hindu pays homage to the Pīr, the Muslim repays the compliment by holding some of his Hindu brother’s lower class deities, such as Vaital and Kāli and Ambā, in awe. The Hindu worships and breaks cocoanuts before the Moharram taazias—the Musalman responds by showing a sneaking sort of a regard for the Holi, whom he believes to have been a daughter of the patriarch Abraham. This reciprocal good fellowship in times of political agitation, like those of the Indian Mutiny, results in the “chapati”, or unleavened bread loaf, being considered a symbol to be honoured both by Muslim and Hindu; and in more recent times, as during the plague troubles in Allahabad and Cawnpore, shows itself in the Muslim garlanding the Hindu on a holiday, and the Hindus setting up sherbat-stalls for Musalmans on an Id day.—Khan Bahadur Fazlullah. ↑
46 Mr. J. N. Patel, Schoolmaster, Jasdan. ↑
47 Mr. Jaggannath Hirji, Schoolmaster, Chok. ↑
48 Mr. Nandlal Kalidas, Schoolmaster, Chhatrāsā. ↑
49 Mr. O. A. Mehta, Schoolmaster, Lakhapadar. ↑
50 Mr. N. J. Bhatt, Moti Marad. ↑
51 Mr. J. D. Khandhar, Sayala. ↑
55 The Deputy Educational Inspector, Gohelwad. ↑
56 Mr. G. K. Dave, Sultanpore. ↑
58 Mr. D. K. Pandya, Dhhank. ↑
60 Mr. M. D. Vyas, Schoolmaster, Bhayavadur. ↑
61 Cf. Alláho núr-us-samáwátiwal ard, mathalo nurihi-ka miskatin bihá nusbáh—Koran.
Allah! He is the light of the Heavens and the Earth. The likeness of His Light being similar to a lamp in a glass.—Fazlullah Latfullah. ↑
62 Mr. Jethabai Mangaldas, Schoolmaster, Gondal; and Damodar Karsonji, Schoolmaster, Dhhank. ↑
63 Mr. B. K. Dave, Schoolmaster, Kotda-Sangani. ↑
67 A similar custom is observed in Gujarat. Unfortunate parents, who have lost many children, vow to grow the hair of their little children, if such are preserved to them, observing all the time a votive abstinence from a particular dish or betelnut or the like. When the children are 3 or 5 or 7 years old, the vow is fulfilled by taking them to a sacred place, like the temple of Ranchhodji at Dakor, to have their hair cut for the first time. This vow is known as bābari in Southern Gujarat—K. D. Desai. ↑
69 Mr. Jethabhai Mangaldas, Gondal. ↑
72 The Deputy Educational Inspector, Gohelwad. ↑
73 Mr. M. M. Rana, Barton Female Training College, Rajkot. ↑
74 Mr. G. K. Dave, Schoolmaster, Sultanpore. ↑
75 Mrs. Raju Ramjee Kanjee, 2nd Assistant, Girls’ School, Gondal. ↑
76 Mr. D. K. Pandya, Dhhank. ↑
78 Mr. Girijashankar Karmeashankar, Schoolmaster, Songadh. ↑
79 The Hindus use the tender sprigs of the Nim or Babul trees for tooth-brushes. After they have done duty as brushes they are cloven into two and the tenderest part is used as a tongue-scraper.—Khan Bahadur Fazlullah. ↑
82 The Deputy Educational Inspector, Gohelwad. ↑
84 Mr. Jethalal Anūpram, Schoolmaster, Aman. ↑
85 The Deputy Educational Inspector, Gohelwad. ↑
89 Mr. M. D. Vyas, Shastri, Bhayavadur. ↑
90 Mr. K. P. Joshi, Limbdi, and L. D. Mehta, Mota Devalia. ↑
91 Mr. N. D. Vora, Rajpara, and Mr. B. K. Dave, Kotda-Sangani. ↑
92 Mr. B. K. Dave, Kotda-Sangani. ↑
93 Mr. Nandlal Kalidas, Schoolmaster, Chhatrāsā. ↑
94 Mr. K. P. Joshi, Schoolmaster, Limbdi. ↑
95 Mr. G. K. Bhatt, Songadh. ↑
96 Mr. B. K. Dave, Schoolmaster, Kotda-Sangani. ↑
97 Mr. Girijashankar Karunashankar, Schoolmaster, Songadh. ↑
98 Mr. Nandlal Kalidas, Schoolmaster, Chhatrasa. ↑
99 The Deputy Educational Inspector, Gohelwad. ↑
100 Mr. D. K. Shah, Charadavah. ↑
101 Mr. K. P. Joshi, Limbdi. ↑
102 Mr. N. D. Vora, Rajpara. ↑
104 Mr. G. K. Bhatt, Schoolmaster, Songadh. ↑
105 Mr. N. J. Bhatt, Moti-Murad. ↑
106 Mr. Ranchhodji Becher Pandya, Shastri, Jelpur, Sanskrit Pāthashālā. ↑
108 Wheat flour fried in ghi with molasses. ↑
112 Mr. N. D. Vora, Schoolmaster, Rajpara. ↑
113 The names are: 1 Āditya, 2 Divākar, 3 Bhāskar, 4 Prabhākar, 5 Sahasrānshu, 6 Trilochan, 7 Haritāshva, 8 Vibhāvasu, 9 Divākrit, 10 Divādarshātmaka, 11 Trimūrti, 12 Sūrya. ↑
114 Mr. N. D. Vora, Rajpara. ↑
115 Mr. G. K. Dave, Sultanpur. ↑
116 Mr. H. M. Bhatt, Schoolmaster, Ganod. ↑
117 Mr. Girijashankar Karunashankar, Schoolmaster, Songadh. ↑
118 Mr. H. M. Bhatt, Schoolmaster, Ganod. ↑
119 Mr. Chhaganlal Motiram, Wala Taluka. ↑
120 Mr. R. B. Pandya, Jetpur Sanskrit School. ↑
121 Mrs. Raju Ramjee Kanjee, Girls’ School, Ganod. ↑
122 Mr. D. K. Pandya, Schoolmaster, Dhhank. ↑
123 Mr. R. B. Pandya, Jetpur Sanskrit School. ↑
124 Mr. J. D. Khandhar, Sayala. ↑
125 Mr. D. K. Pandya, Dhhank. ↑
126 Mr. N. D. Vora, Rajpara. ↑
127 Mr. D. K. Pandya, Schoolmaster, Dhhank. ↑
128 Mr. N. D. Vora, Schoolmaster, Rajpara. ↑
131 Mr. N. D. Vora, Schoolmaster, Rajpara. ↑
132 The Deputy Educational Inspector, Gohelwad. ↑
133 Mr. D. K. Pandya, Dhhank. ↑
134 Mr. P. L. Mehta, Schoolmaster, Luvaria. ↑
135 Mr. Jeram Vasaram, Schoolmaster, Jodia. ↑
138 See figure above. A shows Shiva’s image: the arrow-head, the jalādhari which a person is not to cross. He is to return from the point B in his first round and from the point C in his half turn. Thus B C remains uncrossed. The circle round A shows the Khāl, place wherein god Shiva is installed—K. D. Desai. ↑
139 Mr. G. K. Dave, Sultanpore. ↑
140 The Deputy Educational Inspector, Gohelwad. ↑
141 Hindus believe that a soul has to go through a lakh and eighty-four thousand transmigrations before it attains final emancipation. The cycle of 1,84,000 births is called the pherā of lakh-choryasi,—K. D. Desai. ↑
143 Mr. D. K. Pandya, Schoolmaster. Dhhank. ↑
144 Mr. D. K. Pandya, Dhhank. ↑
146 Mr. N. D. Vora, Rajpara. ↑
147 Mr. D. K. Pandya, Schoolmaster, Dhhank. ↑
148 Mr. Jethalal Anupram, Schoolmaster, Ainan. ↑
149 Mr. R. B. Pandya, Jetpur Sanskrit School. ↑
150 Mr. D. K. Pandya, Schoolmaster, Dhhank. ↑
151 Mr. N. J. Bhatt, Moti-Murād. ↑
152 Mr. N. D. Vora, Rajpara. ↑
153 Mr. D. K. Shah, Schoolmaster, Charadwa. ↑
154 Mr. K. P. Joshi, Schoolmaster, Limbdi. ↑
155 Mr. Nandlal Kalidas, Schoolmaster, Chhatrāsa. ↑
156 Mr. Chhaganlal Motiram, Schoolmaster, Wala Talu. ↑
157 The Deputy Educational Inspector, Goholwad. ↑
158 Mr. B. K. Dave, Kotda-Sangani, and the Schoolmaster, Movaiyam. ↑
160 Mr. R. B. Pandya, Jetpur Sanskrit School. ↑
161 Mr. D. K. Shah, Charadwa. ↑
163 Mr. D. K. Pandya, Schoolmaster, Dhhank. ↑
164 Mr. N. D. Vora, Schoolmaster, Rajpara. ↑
165 Mr. N. J. Bhatt, Schoolmaster, Moti-Murād. ↑
166 Mr. K. P. Joshi, Schoolmaster, Limbdi. ↑
167 Mr. H. R. Pandya, Schoolmaster, Khirasarā. ↑
168 Mr. Girijashankar Karunashankar, Schoolmaster, Songadh. ↑
169 Mr. D. K. Pandya, Schoolmaster, Dhhank. ↑
170 Mr. H. R. Pandya, Khirasarā. ↑
171 Mr. D. K. Shah, Charadwa. ↑
172 The Schoolmaster, Chank, Kolaba. ↑
173 Mr. D. K. Shah, Charadwa. ↑
175 The Schoolmaster, Pendhur, Ratnagiri. ↑
176 The Schoolmaster, Anjār. ↑
177 Mr. Jethabhai Mangaldas, Schoolmaster, Gondal. ↑
178 Mr. Girijashankar Karunashankar, Schoolmaster, Songadh. ↑
179 Mr. L. D. Mehta, Motā Devāliā. ↑
180 The Schoolmaster, Ganod. ↑
181 The Schoolmaster, Agashi and Arnālā. ↑
182 Mr. T. D. Khāndhār, Schoolmaster, Sayala. ↑
183 Mr. Girijashankar Karunashankar, Songadh. ↑
184 The Schoolmaster, Mith-bāo, Ratnagiri. ↑
185 Mr. D. K. Pandya, Schoolmaster, Dhhank. ↑
186 Mr. Jethalal Anupram, Schoolmaster, Aman. ↑
188 Mr. D. K. Pandya, Dhhank. ↑
189 Mr. Girijashankar Karunashankar, Songadh. ↑
191 Mr. Girijashankar Karunashankar, Songadh. ↑
192 The Swastika is found at Pompeii and in the Greek ‘key’ pattern. It is also found on Persian and Assyrian coins and in the Catacombs at Rome. It is to be seen on the tomb of the Duke of Clarence, who was drowned in a butt of Malmsey wine, at Tewkesbury, and occurs in Winchester Cathedral, where it is described as the fyle-foot.—R. E. E. ↑
193 Mr. D. K. Pandya, Schoolmaster, Dhhank. Compare a similar idea in the Kurān in the chapter An Nur (the Lights): “Allah is the Light of the Heavens and the Earth. The semblance of his light is the nyche wherein there is a light.”—K. B. Fazlullah. ↑
194 Mr. J. A. Jani, Schoolmaster, Aman. ↑
195 Mr. N. D. Vora, Schoolmaster, Rajpara; and Mr. B. K. Dave, Schoolmaster, Kotda-Sangani. ↑
196 Kansār is coarse wheat flour sweetened with molasses and cooked in water until the whole quantity of water is absorbed and taken with ghi. ↑
197 Puris are cakes of fine wheat flour, fried in ghi. ↑
198 Mr. D. K. Pandya, Dhhank. ↑