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GENERAL INDEX
- Africa, first circumnavigated, 41.
- “America,” origin of the name, 63.
- America, visited by Norsemen, 45, 48.
- America Cup, races for, 190-195.
- American Arctic exploration, 86, 89, 90.
- Atlantic, North, early voyages in, 44.
- Atlantic Ocean, defined, 5.
- Atlantis, the fabled land of, 6.
- Alert, Arctic expedition of, 96.
- Algæ. See Seaweeds.
- Algerian pirates, 173.
- Ancient sea-animals, 259.
- Andrée’s Arctic balloon, 100.
- Animal life in the sea, 259-274.
- Animals inhabiting seaweeds, 251, 252, 257.
- Antarctic Ocean, defined, 7.
- Arabic commerce, 43.
- Arabs, as navigators, 52, 57.
- Arctic American coast traced, 81, 82, 83, 88.
- Arctic exploration, 77-100.
- Arctic Ocean, defined, 7.
- Armada, the Spanish, 114-117.
- Armor for ships, 136, 138, 145.
- Astrolabe, the, 53, 73.
- Australia, discovery of, 72, 76.
- Baffin, voyage to Baffin’s Bay, 79, 81.
- Balboa, discovers the Pacific, 64.
- Banks of Newfoundland, fishing on, 245.
- Barataria pirates of Louisiana, 179.
- Barbarossa, the brothers, 171.
- Barbary States, the, 174.
- Barentz and Barentz’s Sea, 78, 91.
- Barks described, 36, 38.
- Battle-ships, modern steel, 140-148.
- Bering, expeditions of, 80.
- Biremes, Greek and Roman, 108.
- Bjärne’s discoveries, 46.
- Boats of the Egyptians, 28, 30, 32.
- Boats of the Phœnicians, 28, 30, 33.
- Boats of early Scandinavians, 29, 30.
- Boats, primitive, 27.
- Bon Homme Richard and Serapis, 128.
- Bowsprit sails, 34, 37.
- Brazil, discovery of, 62, 64.
- Brazil, the name, 66.
- Brigs described, 36.
- Buccaneers, career of the, 177.
- Buckeye, or “bugeye,” 198.
- Buoys and channel marks, 225.
- Cabot’s voyage to America, 65, 67.
- Canada discovered, 68.
- Cape Horn, first rounded, 72.
- Cape of Good Hope discovered, 54.
- Captain capsized, 201.
- Caravels of Columbus, 34, 35, 61, 63.
- Carrageen or Irish moss, 255.
- Carthaginians as navigators, 42.
- Cartier discovers Canada, 68.
- Catboat described, 35.
- Center-board, explained, 189.
- Challenger expedition, 10, 272.
- Chancellor, voyage of, to the White Sea, 77.
- Charybdis, whirlpool of, 19.
- Chesapeake and Shannon, 129.
- Chinese as navigators, 52.
- Clippers, Baltimore, 183.
- Colossus of Rhodes, 211.
- Columbus, Christopher, 59.
- Commerce at sea, history of, 155-170.
- Commerce, early European, 52, 155.
- Commerce, medieval, 156.
- Commerce, modern, 159.
- Compass, the mariner’s, 51.
- Constitution, U. S. frigate, 130-133.
- Constitution, in the war with Tripoli,174.
- Cook, Captain James, voyage of, 75.
- Copenhagen, battle of, 126.
- Corals and coral polyps, 265.
- Corsairs, the, 172.
- Corte-Real, voyage of, 68.
- Crabs, caught for market, 266.
- Cruisers, service of, 121, 140.
- Currents in the ocean. See Ocean Currents.
- Cutter, rig of a, 35.
- Dampier, voyages of, 73.
- Dangers of the Deep, 200-230.
- Davis, exploration of Davis’s Strait, 78.
- Decatur’s exploit at Tripoli, 175.
- Deep-sea conditions of life, 263.
- De Long, death of Lieutenant, 95.
- Dias, Bartholomew, voyage of, 53.
- Diatoms described, 249, 257.
- Distribution of animals in the sea, 261.
- “Don’t give up the ship,” 129.
- Drake, Francis, 114, 181.
- Dredging, deep-sea, 260.
- Dynamite-throwing, 154.
- Earthquake-waves, 203.
- East India Companies, 157, 159.
- “East Indiaman,” an, 162.
- East Indian pirates, 180.
- East Indies, the, 69, 71, 74.
- Eddystone lighthouse, 212.
- Egypt’s grain-trade, 156.
- “England expects every man will do his duty,” 126, 127.
- England’s sea-wars, 114, 129, 157.
- Erik the Red, 45.
- Faroes discovered, 44.
- Fishing and other Marine Industries, 231-248.
- Fishing in the North Atlantic, 244.
- Fin keels, 194, 195.
- Fire-ships, 116.
- Fog-horns and sirens, 219.
- Fram, voyage of the, 99.
- Francis Joseph Land, 93, 100.
- Franklin, Sir John, 82, 83, 88.
- French-American naval war, 126.
- Frigates, service of, 121, 122, 130.
- Frobisher, Martin, 77, 114.
- Fundy, tides in the Bay of, 19.
- Galiot, the, 112.
- Galleass, the, 112.
- Galleon, the, 112, 116, 173, 182.
- Galleys, early types of, 107, 111, 112.
- Gallivat, the, 112.
- Geography, early knowledge of, 50.
- Great Harry, the, 114.
- Greely, Gen. A. W., Arctic work by, 96.
- Greenland discovered, 45.
- Greenland, coasts explored, 91, 96, 99.
- Guerrière, story of the, 131.
- Gulf Stream, the, 22, 23.
- Gulfweed (Sargassum), 251, 252.
- Gunnbjörn, 45.
- Guns of war-ships, 145-148.
- Hall, Charles, Arctic exploration by, 90.
- Hand-line fishing, 245, 246.
- Hanno, expedition of, 42.
- Harbor-beacons, 225.
- Harbor-defense vessels, 140.
- Hawkins, John, 114, 181.
- Henry, the navigator, 52, 53.
- Hittites, the, as navigators, 40.
- Holland, as a sea-power, 118, 122.
- Howard, Admiral, 114, 115.
- Hudson, discoveries by, 78.
- Iceland discovered, 44.
- Indian Ocean defined, 6.
- Instruments for navigation, 52, 57, 73.
- Irish moss, 255.
- Irish sea-wanderers, 44.
- Ironclads, early, 136.
- Jean Bart, the privateer, 182.
- Jeannette, voyage of the, 94.
- Kane, Dr. E. K., Arctic exploration by, 86.
- Kearsarge and Alabama, 136.
- Kearsarge wrecked, 201.
- Kelp and kelp-ash, 253, 256.
- Kidd, Captain, the pirate, 178.
- Krakatoa, explosion of, 203.
- Kuroshiwo (Japan current), 22, 24.
- Lafitte, the pirate, 189.
- La Plata, Rio, first entered, 69.
- Lateen rigs, 32, 34.
- Lead keels, 194.
- Lee-board, explained, 179.
- Leif Erikson’s voyage, 47.
- Lepanto, victory of, 111.
- Letters of marque, 180.
- Life-saving service, the United States, 227.
- Lighthouses, arrangements for lighting, 216.
- Lighthouses, history of, 211, 212, 213, 254.
- Light-ships, American, 216.
- Line-of-battle ships, 121, 134.
- Live stock carried on long voyages, 163.
- Lockwood reaches “highest north,” 98.
- Lug-sails explained, 133.
- McClure, Arctic exploration by, 84, 87.
- Maelstrom, the, 19.
- Magellan circumnavigates the world, 69.
- Magnetic pole determined, 82.
- Maps, early, 50, 53, 54, 62.
- Masts, names of, 36.
- Medieval ships, 33.
- Mediterranean Sea, defined, 9.
- Melville’s search for Jeannette survivors, 95.
- Mercator, the map-maker, 72.
- Merchants of the Sea, the, 155-170.
- Mines, submarine, 148.
- Minot’s Ledge lighthouse, 214.
- Mollusks, utility of, 269.
- Monitor, the, 139, 141.
- Morgan, the pirate, 178.
- Mother-of-pearl, 269.
- Murex-shells, 274.
- Myths as to Atlantic islands, 65.
- Nansen, Arctic work of, 99.
- Napoleon’s sea-campaigns, 122.
- Naval warfare, beginning of, 107.
- Naval warfare, medieval, 110.
- Naval warfare, theory of, 118.
- Navigation, prehistoric, 39.
- Navigation, instruments for, 52, 57, 73.
- Navy, Byzantine, 110.
- Navy, French, 122.
- Navy, Greek, 107.
- Navy, English, 113, 119, 129, 183.
- Navy, Roman, 148, 156.
- Nearchus, voyage of, 43.
- Nelson, Admiral Horatio, 122-128.
- Nelson’s famous signal, 126, 127.
- Newfoundland, discovery of, 44, 65, 68.
- Night-signals at sea, 205, 206.
- Nile, battle of the, 124.
- Nordenskjöld’s voyage in the Vega, 93.
- Norsemen. See Scandinavians and Vikings.
- North America discovered, 46, 62, 65.
- North Atlantic, exploration of, 78, 80, 91, 99.
- Northeast Passage, search for, 77, 91, 93.
- Northwest Passage, search for, 77, 81, 84, 87.
- North Pacific explored, 75, 80, 84.
- Nova Zembla, 78, 91.
- Ocean, the, and its Origin, 1-8.
- Ocean, bed of the, 11.
- Ocean, characteristics of, 9.
- Ocean, chemistry of, 14.
- Ocean currents, 20, 23.
- Ocean, depth of, 9.
- Ocean, effects of upon the land, 4.
- Ocean, life in, 259-274.
- Ocean, saltness of, 13.
- Old Ironsides. See Constitution.
- Ooze, oceanic, 13, 274.
- Outriggers, 28.
- Oysters and oyster culture, 266.
- Pacific Ocean, defined, 4.
- Pacific Ocean, discovery of, 64.
- Packet-ships, transatlantic, 160, 165.
- Paddles and oars, 29.
- Paleocrystic Sea, the, 88.
- Parry, Arctic explorations by, 81.
- Payer and Weyprecht, 91.
- Paul Jones, 128.
- Pearl-oyster and pearls, 269.
- Peary, Arctic work of, 99.
- Persians as navigators, 43.
- Philadelphia, U. S. frigate at Tripoli, 174.
- Phœnicians as navigators, 41.
- Pilots and their duties, 220-226.
- Piracy, history of, 171-185.
- Piracy in the East Indies, 180.
- Plants of the Sea and their Uses, 249-257.
- Polaris, misadventure of, 90.
- Pope, the, divides the earth, 55.
- Portugal as a sea-power, 52, 55.
- Pressure, effects of, in the sea, 262.
- Prester John, 54.
- Privateering, 180, 183, 185.
- Ptolemy, the geographer, 50.
- “Redbeard,” the pirate, 171.
- Rigging of primitive ships, 30.
- Robbers of the Seas, 171-185.
- Ross, Arctic explorations by, 81, 82.
- Royal George, sunk, 201.
- Rules of the road at sea, 203.
- Russian Arctic coast, the, 79.
- Sails, lateen, 32.
- Sails, names of a ship’s, 36.
- Sails of early ships, 30.
- Sails, square-rigged, 34.
- Sails, two types of, 31.
- St. Lawrence Bay and River discovered, 68.
- St. Pierre and Miquelon, 242.
- Salamis, battle of, 107.
- Samoa, the great storm at, 206-211.
- Sandbagger, a, 197.
- Sardines, fishing for, 244.
- Sargasso Seas, 251.
- Schooners, described, 36, 38.
- Scylla and Charybdis, 19.
- Sealing, 241.
- Search-light, uses of, on war-ships, 150.
- Sea-shells, use and beauty of, 269, 273.
- Sea-snakes, 259.
- Seaweeds, 249-257.
- Secrets won from the Frozen North, 77-165.
- Serapis, fight of the, 128.
- Seventy-four, a, 121.
- Sharks, as a danger to divers, 271.
- Sharpie, characteristics of the, 198.
- Ship-building, development of, 139.
- Ship-chandler, a, 204.
- Ship, sails of a full-rigged, 36.
- Ships, the Building and Rigging of, 27-38.
- Ships’ lanterns and lights, 204.
- Ships, Phœnician, 155.
- Ships, Roman merchant, 156.
- Siberia, explorations north of, 79, 93, 95.
- Signaling at night, 205, 206, 222.
- Sirens, or fog-horns, 219.
- Slave-trade, the, 184.
- Sloop, a, described, 35.
- Solis discovers the La Plata, 69.
- South America, discovery of, 61, 62.
- South Sea. See Pacific Ocean.
- Spanish conquerors in West Indies, 177.
- Spitzbergen, 91, 233.
- Sponges and their taking, 265.
- Spritsail-mast, the, 34.
- Square-rig, examples of, 33.
- Starfishes, damage by, 265.
- Steamships, development of, 165, 168.
- Steamships, ocean courses of, 168.
- Steamships, records of transatlantic, 166.
- Steerage passage, the, 163.
- Steering, methods of, 29.
- Suez Canal, the, 41, 169.
- Table of sea-road distances, 170.
- Tactics, naval, 107, 115, 118, 121, 135.
- Tasman, voyages of, 72.
- Telegraph, submarine, 161.
- Tides, explained, 17.
- Topsail schooner, described, 36.
- Torpedo-boats, 140, 150-154.
- Torpedoes and submarine mines, 148.
- Trafalgar, battle of, 126.
- Trawls described, 246, 272.
- Treasure-ships, Spanish, 173, 178, 182.
- Trepang, or bêche la mer, 266.
- Tripoli, bombardment of, 174.
- Triremes, Greek and Roman, 108.
- Tunnies, fishing for, 244.
- Turtles, as a danger to divers, 272.
- United States exploring expedition, 76.
- United States, naval incidents, 128, 174, 183.
- Vasco da Gama, 56, 157.
- Vega, voyage of, north of Asia, 93.
- Venice, state barge of, 112.
- Venus’-comb shell, 274.
- Verrazano, voyage of, 68.
- Vespucci, Amerigo, voyages of, 62.
- Vesuvius, the dynamite-cruiser, 154.
- Vikings, origin and voyages of, 29, 44.
- Vinland visited, 47.
- Voyages and Explorations, Early, 39-76.
- Walrus-hunting, 241.
- War-ships and Naval Battles, 107-154.
- War-ships wrecked at Samoa, 206-211.
- Wasp and Frolic, 129.
- Water-spouts at sea, 202.
- Waves, tides, and currents, 9.
- Weather-stations, international, 96.
- West coast of Africa, 42, 53, 56.
- Weyprecht, Arctic work of, 91.
- Whaleback, the, 169.
- Whaling, history of American, 235.
- Whaling, history of European, 233.
- Whaling, in the North Atlantic, 80, 94.
- Whaling, methods of, 231, 237-241.
- Whaling-vessels, 235.
- Wreckers, doings of, 212.
- Yachting and Pleasure-boating, 186.
- Yachting, early history of, 187, 196.
- Yacht-clubs in the United States, 188, 196.
- Yachts, designing racing, 192, 195.
- Yachts, rigs of small, 197.
- Yawl, characteristics of the, 197.
- Zeni, voyages of the, 48.