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INDEX.

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• Abbreviated syllables, 15.
• Abbreviations, list of, 344-356.
• Abecedarium, probably the earliest attempt at printing, 11.
• Accents and aspirates, Greek, 99-101.
• Hebrew, 106-108.
• Russian, 112, 113.
• Accented letters, 67.
• Acids used in making paper spoil the effect of ink, 276, 277.
• Adams, Isaac, inventor of the bed-and-platen power-press, 237, 238.
• Adhesion of paper, how to prevent, 316.
• Admiration, sign of, 63.
• Agate type, specimen of, 54.
• Alcfrid, Runic memorial of, 89.
• Alexandri Galli Doctrinale, one of the first printed books, 10.
• Almanac, first printed book in the Middle Colonies, 16, 17.
• Alphabet, Anglo-Saxon, 91.
• English, 58.
• German, 94.
• Greek, 98.
• Hebrew, 104.
• Hieroglyphic, 84.
• Runes, 86-90.
• Russian, 112, 113.
• Alterations in a proof justly chargeable, 204, 205, 211.
• not allowable in reprints of old and standard authors, 202.
• Amber ink, how to produce, 288.
• Ambiguous and compound words to be set uniformly, 202.
• American type, superior quality of, 23.
• American Weekly Mercury, third newspaper in America, 17.
• Ancient ornaments, exquisite and curious, 15, 16.
• press, clumsy, 235.
• typographical peculiarities, 15.
• Anglo-Saxon characters, how originated, 51.
• alphabetical table of, 91.
• cases for, 92, 93.
• Lord’s Prayer in, 51.
• runes, table of, 88.
• Apostrophe, how used, 63, 64.
• Appeal against the Turks, of 1454, 11.
• Applegath and Cowper, improvers of the cylinder press, 238, 239.
• Apprentice, how to instruct an, 122.
• must be punctual, obedient, and courteous, 123.
• qualifications required in an, 121.
• ridiculous practices to be avoided by, 122.
• Apprentices, advice to, 137, 138.
• Arithmetical figures, when introduced, 70.
• Article, the indefinite, rule for using, 318.
• Ascending letters, 59.
• Asterisk, use of, 66.
• Astronomical signs, 73, 74.
• Authors, detention of proofs by, 205.
• hints to, 211.
• impatience of, 205.
• whims of, 61.
• Automatic counter, illustrated, 310.
• machine, for casting and finishing type, 23.
• Backing long or short pages, 133.
• Baine, John, sets up a type-foundry in Philadelphia, 19.
• Bay Psalm-Book, first book printed at Cambridge, 16.
• Bearers on hand-presses, how prepared, 259, 277, 278, 281.
• Beaumont, Victor, inventor of serrated cutting blade, 242.
• Beginners, ironical rules for, 139, 140.
• Bewcastle cross, Runic inscription on, 89.
• Bible, first, printed at Mentz, by Gutenberg, Fust and Schœffer, in 1455, of which there are four copies in Europe and two in the United States, 11.
• Brinley’s, 11.
• German, printed in Germantown, by Saur, 19.
• Lenox’s, 11.
• Mazarin, 11.
• printed in Iceland in 1584, 14.
• quarto, in standing type, in Philadelphia, 26.
• Biblia Pauperum, attributed to Koster, 10.
• Bill of type, 57.
• Binny, Archibald, first successful founder in Philadelphia, 19, 20.
• improver of the type-mould, 19, 42.
• Black letter, when used, 51.
• Blades, William, 14.
• Blaeu, Willem Jansen, early inventor of a press, 235.
• Blankets for wood-cut printing, 282.
• India-rubber, 266.
• thick paper, 266.
• Welsh flannel, 266.
• when to be used, 257, 266.
• Blanking, remarks concerning, 259.
• Bleaching powders deleterious, 276.
• Block books, 10.
• Blue ink, how to make, 287, 288.
• Bodkin, how to use the, 208, 209.
• illustrated, 209, 210.
• Books, cheapening of, due to steam-presses, 240.
• early, printed in Gothic character, 16.
• first, printed on one side of the leaf only, 10.
• how to preserve, 317.
• Book-folding machine, illustrated, 249.
• Borders, 80, 120.
• Boston Gazette, second newspaper published in America, 17.
• News-Letter, first newspaper published in America, 17.
• Bourgeois, specimen of, 54.
• Boxwood, description of good, 36.
• liable to warp, 282, 283.
• quoin, 306.
• Braces, use of, 75.
• Bracket, how used, 65.
• Bradford, William, first printer in the Middle Colonies, 16, 17.
• Brass rules, remarks concerning, 80.
• slotted corners, description of, 44.
• Break-lines improperly driven over, 133.
• should never begin a page, 133.
• Brevier, specimen of, 54.
• Brilliant, smallest type in America, 52.
• specimen of, 54.
• Brinley’s collection of Bibles, 11.
• British founders reject American casting-machines, 23.
• Bronze printing, how executed, 284, 285.
• Brown ink, how to produce, 288.
• Bruce, David and George, type-founders in New York, 21, 22.
• David, Jr., type-casting machine invented by, 22.
• Bullock, William, inventor of the first perfecting press, 242-244.
• chain-running press, 244.
• self-feeding perfecting press, illustrated, 243.
• Bundle of paper described, 294.
• Cabinet for chases, illustrated, 231.
• with galley-top, illustrated, 304.
• Cabinets, job cases should be kept in, 304.
• of cases, for sorts, quads, etc., illustrated, 219-221.
• should be kept in perfect order, 221.
• Cambridge, first press in North America at, 16.
• Campbell’s cylinder presses, 239, 246.
• self-feeding perfecting press, 246.
• Cancelled figures, 70.
• Capital, good character is, 138.
• letters, 58-60.
• letters, how to use, 59, 60.
• Card-cutters, 309.
• printing, directions for, 283, 284.
• sheets, chart for cutting, (Le Blond,) 302.
• Carey, Mathew, 26.
• Cases, American plan of Roman, 124, 125.
• blank, 303.
• German, 96, 97.
• Greek, 102, 103.
• Hebrew, 109, 111.
• how to label job, 304.
• job, 302.
• labour-saving lead, 303.
• labour-saving rule, 82, 302.
• labour-saving slug, 303.
• music, 117-119.
• number of, to a fount, 128.
• proposed improvement in, 126.
• quotation furniture, 303.
• Saxon, 92, 93.
• triple job, 302.
• Caslon, William, 18.
• Cassie quires, why so called, 294.
• Casting off copy, methods of, 223-226.
• Catch-words, first used at Venice, 16.
• in titles, how to be set, 134.
• Caxton, William, introduces printing into England, 14.
• his first types not cast or founded, 13.
• Centennial Exhibition, 1876, presses exhibited at, 244-246.
• fast printing at, 245.
• Chalcography, inventor of, 34.
• Chromo-lithography, 29.
• Chromos, printed on cylinder presses, 31.
• Chronicle of Cologne, 9.
• Cicero, French and German name for Pica, 53.
• Circular quadrates, 78.
• Clicker, or maker-up, duties of, 226-228.
• Clymer, George, inventor of the Columbian press, 236, 237.
• Colon, use of, 62.
• Colorito, Abraham, printer at Soncino, 1488, 14.
• Colour, uniformity in, 263, 278, 279.
• Coloured inks, how to make, 286-288.
• printing, instructions for, 285-287.
• Colours, contrast of, 289-292.
• how to multiply, 288.
• how to use dry, 287, 288.
• Columbian press, illustrated, 236.
• introduced into England, 237.
• Combination borders, 80, 120.
• Comma, use of, 62.
• Commercial post paper, size of, 298.
• signs, 71.
• Companionships, how managed, 228-232.
• misunderstandings in, 228.
• Composing, directions for, 129-136.
• how to avoid errors in, 130.
• position in, 127.
• rule, steel, illustrated, 228.
• sticks, illustrated, 305.
• screw, the best for fixed measures, 305.
• Composition rollers, how to make, 252-254, 311, 312.
• how to wash, 253.
• melting-kettle for, illustrated, 252.
• Compositors, differences in 218.
• rules to be observed by, 233, 234.
• Compound words, 64, 65, 331.
• Contents, rules for, 135.
• Continuous sheet, printing from a, 242.
• Contrast of colours, 289-292.
• Conversation in a printing office to be avoided, 234.
• Copy, casting off, 223-226.
• takes of, should be small, 221.
• to be carefully prepared, 204.
• Copyholder, illustrated, 309.
• Copyrights, how to secure, 333-335.
• application to be made to Librarian of Congress, 333.
• cannot be granted upon trade-marks or labels, 335.
• duration of, 334.
• form of notice, 334.
• penalty for false notice, 334.
• renewal of, 334.
• Cork bearers, 259.
• Corner quadrates, illustrated, 307.
• Corpus, German name for Long Primer, 54.
• Correcting in the metal, 207-211.
• directions for, 208-210.
• rules for, in a companionship, 231, 232.
• Coster, (see Koster,) 9-11.
• Cottrell & Babcock’s cylinder presses, 239.
• Counting out sheets, 297.
• Courtesy, importance of, 123.
• Creases and wrinkles in paper, how to remove, 263.
• Cross-bar, how to avoid springing, 148.
• Crown paper, size of, 298.
• Cut-in notes, how adjusted, 131, 132.
• Cuts, how to make ready, 280-283.
• Cylinder press, invention of the, 238.
• presses, making ready on, 265-275.
• Dagger or obelisk, use of, 66.
• Dash, use of, 63.
• Dates, method of, during the French Republic, 69.
• Daye, John, Anglo-Saxon types first cut by, 51.
• Daye, Stephen, first printer in North America, 16.
• Dedications, how displayed, 135.
• position of, 135.
• Degener & Weiler’s Liberty press, illustrated, 246, 247.
• Delicate impression, how to produce, 281, 282.
• Demy paper, size of, 298.
• Derivation of English words, 324-326.
• Descending letters, 59.
• De Vinne’s history of the invention of printing, 12.
• Diamond type, specimen of, 54.
• Diphthongs, Greek, 99.
• Distributing, directions for, 128, 129.
• how to wash matter for, 128, 129.
• pernicious effects from heating
• type for, 129.
• proper times for, 129.
• Dividing words, rules for, 64, 65.
• Donatus of 1451, 11.
• Double imperial paper, size of, 298.
• letters, 59.
• medium paper, size of, 298.
• super-royal paper, size of, 298.
• Drawing paper, how to be wet, 256.
• Dry colours, how to use, 287, 288.
• Duck’s bill, to prevent paper from slipping on the tympan, 278.
• Duodecimo, or twelves, scheme for imposing sheet of, 165.
• the same, without cutting, 166.
• the same, two signatures, 167.
• half-sheet, 168.
• the same, without cutting, 168.
• the same, from the centre, 169.
• sheet of, from the centre, 170.
• the same, long way, 171, 172.
• one-third of a sheet, 171, 172.
• two half-sheets, together, 173.
• half-sheet, two signatures, 174.
• Earl Stanhope’s printing-press, 236.
• Earliest printing-press, 235.
• written sounds, 83-85.
• Egyptian hieroglyphics, specimens of type for printing, 83-85.
• Eighteens, scheme for imposing half-sheet of, 176.
• the same, with two blanks, 176.
• sheet of, folded together, 177, 178.
• the same, with one signature, 177, 178.
• the same, with two signatures, 179, 180.
• the same, with three signatures, 179, 180.
• half-sheet of, without transposition, 181.
• Electro-stereotyping, 27, 43.
• Electrotyping, method of, 27.
• Emerald green, 288.
• Enamelled cards, to be printed dry, 283, 284.
• English type, specimen of, 53.
• Engraver’s proof useful to pressmen, 283.
• Engravings, copper-plate, 34.
• how to print, 280-283.
• how to restore, 317.
• tools for, 34.
• wood, 31-34.
• Epitaph, printer’s, 208.
• Errata, list of, where placed, 136.
• Errors inevitable, 136.
• made in correcting a proof, 203, 204.
• Escala espiritual de San Juan Climaco, the first book printed in America, 16.
• Even impressions on a hand-press, how to obtain, 277-279.
• Exclamation, sign of, 63.
• Feed-guides, Megill’s, illustrated, 310.
• Figgins’s, Vincent, opinion of Caxton’s type, 13.
• Figures, arithmetical, 70.
• old style, 70.
• scratched or cancelled, 70.
• Filling the standing press, 296, 297.
• Fine hand-presswork, remarks concerning, 275-279.
• printing, character of ink required for, 275, 276.
• paper suitable for, 257.
• why difficult in the United States, 276, 277.
• Finiguerra, Thomas, discoverer of chalcography, 34.
• Firefly press, Gordon’s, 247.
• Fireproof ink, 314.
• Flat cap paper, size of, 298.
• Flowers and borders, remarks on, 80.
• Fly on cylinder presses, how to be set, 274.
• Folding machines, 249.
• Folio, imposing single sheet of, 150.
• paper, size of, 298.
• two sheets quired, 151, 152.
• Follow copy, the compositor’s rule, 204.
• Foolscap paper, dimensions of, 298.
• Foreign words and phrases, translated, 357-372.
• Foreman, duties and qualifications of, 218-232.
• Form, how to make ready for hand-press, 257-260.
• of warehouse book, 293.
• Forms, directions for locking up, 147, 148.
• how to impose, 141, 142.
• how to wash, 264, 265.
• precautions in unlocking, 208.
• Forties, scheme for imposing half-sheet of, 191.
• Forty-eights, scheme for imposing quarter sheet of, with two signatures, 192.
• the same, without cutting, 193.
• half-sheet of, 192.
• the same, three signatures, 193.
• quarter sheet of, 194.
• Foul proof, a grievous fault, 207.
• Founders, English, ancient regulations concerning, 18.
• Fount of letter, complete, described, 58.
• Founts, irregularities of, 58.
• Fractions, 70.
• Franklin, Benjamin, attempts type-founding, 19.
• James, establishes the New England Courant, 17.
• Franklin presses, Gordon’s, 247.
• illustrated, 246.
• Friars, how to obviate, 263.
• Frisket, directions for preparing, 258.
• catch of, how to place, 259.
• Full point, use of, 62, 63.
• Furniture, how to make up, 144, 145.
• Fust, John, connection with Gutenberg and Schœffer, 11, 12.
• Gaillarde, French term for Bourgeois type, 54.
• Gallows, how to be placed, 259.
• Game of Chess, first book printed in England by Caxton, 14.
• Gauge pins, Megill’s, illustrated, 310.
• Ged, William, inventor of stereotyping, 24.
• Geometrical signs, 71, 72.
• German alphabet, 94.
• plan of cases for, 96, 97.
• similar letters elucidated, 94, 95.
• Germantown, first paper mill in America, near, 17.
• first quarto Bible in America, printed at, 19.
• type cast at, by Saur, 19.
• Giving out book paper to wet, 294.
• paper for jobs, 294, 295.
• Globe press, 248.
• Glover, Jesse, introduces printing into Cambridge, Mass., 16.
• Glue, common prepared, 313.
• liquid, how to make, 313.
• Gold preparation, how to use, 288.
• printing, how practised, 284, 317.
• size for gold printing, 284.
• Good habits inculcated, 121-123, 137, 138.
• presswork, conditions for securing, 279.
• Gordon’s Franklin press, illustrated, 246.
• job-presses, 246, 247.
• Gothic characters, early books printed in, 16.
• Gradation of type bodies, 56.
• Grant Thorburn, benevolence of, 239.
• Great Primer, specimen of, 53.
• Greek accents and aspirates, 98-101.
• alphabetical table of, 98.
• letters, numerical value of, 67, 98.
• ligatures now discarded, 98.
• numeral letters, table of, 67.
• plan of cases for, 102, 103.
• rules for composing, 101.
• Green ink, how to make, 288.
• Gros Romain, French title for Great Primer, 53.
• Guillemet’s quotation marks, 62.
• Gutenberg, account of, 9-14.
• Gutter-sticks, directions for cutting, 148.
• Gypsum in paper, effects of, 276, 277.
• Haarlem, the birthplace of printing, 9.
• Hand-mould improved by Binny, 20.
• Hand-press, how to prepare impression on, 275-279.
• how to overlay on, 277.
• bearers used on, 277, 278.
• Hand-presswork, fine, how to produce, 275-279.
• Handwriting, erroneous notion concerning, 226.
• Hanging pages, how to rectify, 208.
• up paper to dry, 295.
• Hansard’s receipt for making rollers, 253, 254.
• Hard roller, best for fine work, 267.
• Head-lines, how displayed, 131.
• Heap of paper, how to treat, 259.
• Heated type, pernicious effects from distributing it, 129.
• Hebrew accents, 106-108.
• alphabet, identical with Phœnician, 83.
• alphabetical table of, 104.
• Bible, first printed, 14.
• letters, numeral value of, 104.
• letters of similar appearance, 105.
• lower case, without points, 109.
• Masoretic points or vowels, 106.
• method of composing, 105.
• plan of cases with points, 110, 111.
• scheme for imposing 8vo sheet of, 161, 162.
• spacing letters, 105.
• Height of type, standard for, 57, 58.
• Hieroglyphic alphabet, 84.
• Hinderances to fine printing in America, 276, 277.
• Hints honoured in the breach, 136, 137.
• Hoe & Co.’s cylinder presses, 239-242.
• Hoe, Richard M., inventor of type-revolving printing machine, 241.
• Robert, account of, 239, 240.
• Hoe’s web perfecting press, illustrated, 245.
• Hollow quadrates, use of, 77.
• Horn-book, illustration of, xi.
• Humphreys’s History of the Art of Printing, 12.
• Hurried work, how to expedite, 226-228.
• Hyphen, how employed, 64, 65.
• not used by the earliest printers, 15.
• Iceland, early printing office in, 14.
• Imperial and half paper, size of, 298.
• paper, dimensions of, 298.
• Imposing forms, directions for, 141, 142.
• in companionships, rules for, 230, 231.
• Imposing, memoranda concerning, 148, 149.
• abstract title-deeds, 150.
• Folio, single sheet, 150.
• two sheets, quired, 151, 152.
• Quarto, common sheet of, 153, 154.
• scheme for, music books, 153, 154.
• two half-sheets, together, 155, 156.
• half-sheet, broad way, 155, 156.
• Octavo, sheet of, 157, 158.
• the broad way, 157, 158.
• half-sheet, 159.
• two half-sheets, together, 159, 160.
• two quarters, together, 160.
• sheet, mixed, 161, 162.
• sheet of Hebrew, 161, 162.
• sheet, from the centre, 163, 164.
• half-sheet, from the centre, 163.
• two quarters, from the centre, 164.
• Duodecimo, or 12mo, sheet, 165.
• the same, without cutting, 166.
• the same, two signatures, 167.
• half-sheet, 168.
• the same, without cutting, 168.
• the same, from the centre, 169.
• sheet of, from the centre, 170.
• the same, long way, 171, 172.
• one-third of a sheet, 171, 172.
• two half-sheets, together, 173.
• half-sheet, two signatures, 174.
• Sixteens, half-sheet of, 174.
• sheet of, 175.
• Eighteens, half-sheet of, 176.
• the same, with two blanks, 176.
• sheet of, folded together, 177, 178.
• sheet of, one signature, 177, 178.
• the same, two signatures, 179, 180.
• sheet of, three signatures, 179, 180.
• half-sheet of, without transposition, 181.
• Twenties, half-sheet of, with two signatures, 181.
• sheet of, 182.
• Twenty-Fours, half-sheet of, 183.
• sheet of, two signatures, 183, 184.
• half-sheet of, sixteen-way, 184.
• half-sheet of, long, 185.
• half-sheet, two signatures, 185.
• half-sheet, without cutting, 186.
• Thirty-Twos, half-sheet of, 186.
• sheet of, 187, 188.
• the same, four signatures, 187, 188.
• half-sheet, two signatures, 189.
• half-sheet of, mixed, 189.
• Thirty-Sixes, half-sheet of, 190.
• the same, without cutting, 190.
• the same, two signatures, 191.
• Forties, half-sheet of, 191.
• Forty-Eights, quarter sheet of, with two signatures, 192.
• the same, without cutting, 193.
• common quarter-sheet of, 194.
• half-sheet of, two signatures, 192.
• the same, three signatures, 193.
• Sixty-Fours, quarter sheet, 195.
• the same, two signatures, 194.
• sixty-fours, mixed, 195.
• half-sheet of, 196.
• Seventy-Twos, half-sheet of, 197.
• Ninety-Sixes, half-sheet of, 198.
• One Hundred and Twenty-Eights, half-sheet of, 199.
• Imposing stone, illustrated, 308.
• Impression on cylinder presses, how to regulate, 269-275.
• Indenting paragraphs, rule for, 132.
• Index, directions for preparing copy of, 133.
• rule for setting, 133.
• where placed, 133.
• India paper suitable for overlays, 280.
• India-rubber cloth, good qualities of, 266.
• Ink-block, how to be placed, 251.
• Ink, black, how to intensify, 284.
• coloured, 286, 287.
• requires a hard roller, 267.
• for cylinder presses, 267, 268.
• for fine work, indispensable qualities of, 275, 276.
• how to prevent setting off, 279.
• how to remove surplus from the roller, 262.
• how to produce amber, 288.
• blue, 287, 288.
• brown, 288.
• fire-proof, 314.
• green, 288.
• lilac, 288.
• pink, 288.
• purple, 288.
• red, 286-288.
• scarlet, 288.
• vermilion, 288.
• to mark tin or zinc, 315.
• driers, how to make, 315, 316.
• Ink-fountain, how to manage, 268.
• patent, illustrated, 310.
• Ink-stone and muller, illustrated, 285.
• Interleaving necessary in fine presswork, 279.
• Interrogation, sign of, 63.
• Iron furniture, how made, 310.
• Ironical rules for compositors, 136, 137.
• for beginners in business, 139, 140.
• Italic letter, invention of, 50.
• abuse of, 51.
• Job department, 300-310.
• capitals and lower-case should not be laid together, 304.
• cases should be labelled with the type which is in case, 304.
• how to conduct the business, 300.
• memorandum slip for record, 301.
• requisites for, 301-310.
• selection of material, 300.
• Job presses, American, unsurpassed, 246.
• varieties of, 246-248.
• Jobbing facilities, 300-310.
• Jobs, making margin for, 147.
• Johnson, Lawrence, type-founder in Philadelphia, 20.
• William M., invents a type-casting machine, 22.
• Journeymen, idle, 18.
• Junius, Hadrianus, 10.
• Justification, accurate, absolutely essential, 131.
• Kerned letters, 59.
• Kinsley, Dr., invents a cylinder press, 238.
• Knowledge, progress of, accelerated by steam-presses, 240.
• König, Frederick, inventor of the cylinder press, 238.
• Koster, (or Coster,) Laurentius, inventor of printing, 9-14.
• printer of block books, 10.
• used wooden and tin type, 10.
• Labour-saving brass rule, 81.
• plan of case for, 82.
• curvatures, 79.
• quotation furniture, 77.
• rule, 43, 81.
• Lamp-holder, 309.
• Laying a fount of type, directions for, 127.
• pages, 143, 144.
• Lead cutter, illustrated, 307.
• Leads, described, 80.
• Leather belting, how to soften, 316.
• Lenox, James, of New York, collection of Bibles, 11.
• Lepsius, R., hieroglyphic types of, 83.
• Letter paper, size of, 298.
• Letters of Indulgence, of 1454-5, 11.
• Letters, accented, 67.
• ascending, 59.
• descending, 59.
• double, 59.
• kerned, 59.
• long, 59.
• numeral, 67.
• short, 59.
• two-line, 76.
• Ley, directions for making, 312.
• not to be used on wood-cuts, 283.
• Ley-brush, how to be made, 265.
• Ley-trough, described, 264, 265.
• Liberty press, illustrated, 247.
• Lifting pages, 143.
• Lightning press, Hoe’s, 239-242.
• illustrated, 240.
• Lilac ink, how to make, 288.
• Lithographic chalk and ink, 28.
• stone, 27.
• transfer ink, how to make, 315.
• Lithography, discovery of, 27.
• practice of, 27-31.
• Locking up forms, 147, 148.
• Long letters, 59.
• Long Primer, specimen of, 54.
• Lord’s Prayer in Anglo-Saxon, 51.
• Lower-case sorts, 59.
• Machine-casting, 22.
• Machine-made paper, sizes of, 298.
• Machine-press of Isaac Adams, 237, 238.
• Frederick, König, 238.
• Applegath and Cowper, 238.
• Richard M. Hoe, 239-242.
• William Bullock, 242-244.
• Campbell, 239, 246.
• Cottrell & Babcock, 239.
• Walter, 244.
• Mackling, how to remedy, 263.
• Make-up rule, steel, illustrated, 229.
• Making margin, 145-147.
• for jobs, 147.
• ready a form, directions for, 257-260.
• on cylinder presses, 265-275.
• wood-cuts, directions for, 280-283.
• register, directions for, 260.
• Making up furniture, 144, 145.
• in companionship, 229.
• letter and furniture in companionships, 230.
• Manual de Adultos, one of the first books printed in America, 16.
• Manuccio, Aldo, 61.
• Mappa, Adam G., one of the early American type-founders, 19.
• Margin, how to make, 145-147.
• on cylinder presses, 268.
• Masoretic points, 106.
• Mathematical signs, 71, 72.
• Matrices, copper, 40.
• electrotyped, 23.
• Matrix, illustrated, 40.
• Mazarin Bibles, 11.
• Measure of stick, how to make by ems, 129.
• Mecom, Benjamin, 24.
• Medium paper, size of, 298.
• Melting-kettle, description of, 252.
• Metal rules, 75.
• Metric system, 336, 337.
• Minerva cutting machine, illustrated, 309.
• Minion type, specimen of, 54.
• Mitering machine, illustrated, 307.
• Mittel, German name for English type, 53.
• Modern conveniences, 120.
• Mucilage, directions for making, 312, 313.
• Mud process in stereotyping, 26.
• Music, comparative table of bodies, 115.
• directions for composing, 116.
• plan of cases for, 117-119.
• specimens of, 114.
• New Hampshire Gazette, oldest living paper of the United States, 17.
• Newspapers, number of, printed in the United States in 1801 and 1810, 20.
• New types, how to prevent them from adhering together, 127.
• New York Gazette, first newspaper published there, 17.
• Nicks, position of, 58.
• Nicholson, William, suggester of the cylinder press, 238.
• Ninety-sixes, to impose half-sheet, 198.
• Nonpareil press, illustrated, 247.
• type, specimen of, 54.
• Norse-Runic alphabet, 87, 88.
• North American and United States Gazette, of Philadelphia, oldest daily newspaper in the United States, 17.
• Note paper, size of, 298.
• Notes, proper size of type for, 131.
• cut in, how arranged, 132.
• Numeral letters, Gothic, 68, 69.
• Greek, 67.
• Roman, 68, 69.
• Numerical value of Greek letters, 67, 98.
• Hebrew letters, 104.
• Octavo, scheme for imposing sheet of, 157, 158.
• sheet of, the broad way, 157, 158.
• two half-sheets, together, 159, 160.
• sheet mixed, 161, 162.
• half-sheet, 159.
• two quarters, together, 160.
• sheet of Hebrew, 161, 162.
• sheet of, from the centre, 163, 164.
• half-sheet of, do., 163.
• two quarter-sheets, do., 164.
• Oiling a press, 292.
• Old English letter used by the early printers, 49.
• Old-style figures, advantages of, 70.
• Old works, no license of alteration allowable in reprinting, 202.
• One hundred and twenty-eights, scheme for imposing half-sheet of, 199.
• Ornaments, ancient, exquisite and curious, 15, 16.
• Orthography, hints on, 318-332.
• uniformity in, 202.
• Overlaying on cylinder presses, 272, 273.
• on hand-presses, 277.
• Overrunning, proper method of, 210.
• Overseer, duties of, 218-232.
• Over-sheets, rules for giving out, 294.
• Packet note paper, size of, 298.
• post paper, size of, 298.
• Pages, how to tie up, 142, 143.
• how to lift, 143.
• how to lay, 143.
• Palmaert, Lambert, printed at Valencia, 1479, 14.
• Paper-bank, how to be placed, 259.
• Paper for jobs, rule for giving out, 294.
• cutters, 309.
• instructions for wetting, 255-257.
• qualities of good, 276.
• quantity required for a book, 299.
• sizes of, 298.
• suitable for fine printing, 257.
• Papier-maché moulds, 242.
• Paragon type, so called by printers in all countries, 52.
• Paragraph mark, how used, 66.
• Paragraphs, authors’ irregularities in making, 132, 133.
• rule for indenting, 132.
• Parchment tympans, 254.
• Parenthesis, use of, 65, 66.
• Pasteboard tympan for a cylinder press, advantages of, 265.
• Paste, directions for making, 312.
• Pearl type, specimen of, 54.
• Peerless press, illustrated, 248.
• Penn, William, promotes printing in Pennsylvania, 17.
• Perforating machine for round holes, illustrated, 308.
• rule, illustrated, 308.
• Perforator, Ames’s Patent, 308.
• Period, use of, 62.
• Petit and Jungfer, German names of Brevier, 54.
• Petit Romain, French name of Long Primer, 54.
• Petri Hispani Tractatibus Logicis, one of the first printed books, 10.
• Phœnician alphabetic system, 83.
• Photo-engraving, 35-38.
• Phrases, foreign, translated, 357-372.
• Pica, specimen of, 53.
• the standard type, 52.
• Picks in types, how to remove, 262.
• in wood-cuts, how to take out, 281.
• Pietrison, Thomas, the inventor of printers’ ink, 10.
• Pink ink, how to produce, 288.
• Planetary signs, 73, 74.
• Plate paper, directions for wetting, 256.
• Plumbago, used in electrotyping, 27, 45.
• Point system of type bodies, 55, 56.
• Points, how to arrange, 258.
• Polyglot founders, 18.
• Position of nicks, 58.
• in composing, 127.
• Prefaces, rules concerning, 135.
• Press-book, form of, 222.
• Press arbitrarily restricted, 235.
• history of invention of, 235-248.
• old common, 235.
• to print and number railroad tickets and coupons, 246.
• Presses—see machine-presses.
• how to oil, 292.
• Pressing sheets, mode of, 296, 297.
• Pressmen should examine every sheet as printed, 263.
• rules and remedies for, 262-264.
• should study fine specimens of printing, 277.
• Presswork, requisites for producing fine, 275-279.
• Prima, 203.
• Printed sheets, how treated, 295-297.
• Printers, how not to succeed in business, 139, 140.
• ironical rules for, 136, 137.
• Printer’s knife, illustrated, 210, 211.
• Printing, discovery of, 9-14.
• extension of, 13.
• in bronzes, 284, 285.
• in colours, 285-288.
• in gold, directions for, 284.
• introduced into America, 16.
• manner of discovery, 9-12.
• Printing-machine, type-revolving, 240-242.
• Printing-offices, rules to be observed in, 233, 234.
• Printing-press, amateur, 248.
• Bullock, 242-244.
• Campbell, 239, 246.
• Cottrell & Babcock, 239.
• Degener, 246, 247.
• Earl Stanhope’s, 236.
• earliest, 235.
• first set up in North America, 16.
• Frederick König’s, 238.
• Gally, 246.
• George Clymer’s, 236.
• George P. Gordon’s, 246, 247.
• invention of the, 235-248.
• Isaac Adams’s, 237.
• Job, 246-248.
• Peter Smith’s, 237.
• Railroad-ticket, 246.
• Ramage’s, 236.
• Richard M. Hoe’s, 239-242.
• Ruggles, 246.
• Samuel Rust’s, 237.
• Walter, 244.
• Wells, 246.
• Willem Jansen Blaeu’s, 235.
• Proof-marks, explanation of, 214, 215.
• illustration of, 212, 213.
• Proof-press, illustrated, 343.
• Proof-reader, author’s obligations to, 201.
• duties of a, 202, 207.
• friendly offices of, 201.
• qualifications of, 200-206.
• should be a compositor, 200.
• Proof-readers, caprices of, 207.
• Proof-sheets, alterations in, justly chargeable, 204, 205, 211.
• detained by authors, 205.
• errors in correcting, 203, 204.
• method of reading, 202, 203.
• plan for keeping account of, 203.
• remarks concerning, 202.
• should be read by two readers, 204.
• Proofs of engravings, how to take, 283.
• Proper names should be plainly written, 211.
• Prussian blue ink, 287.
• Publishers’ interference with the printers’ province, 134.
• Pulling, directions for, 260-262, 279.
• Punch, illustrated, 40.
• Punctuality indispensable in an apprentice, 123.
• Punctuation, amending of, should be confined to one reader, 204.
• and orthography to be uniform throughout a book, 202.
• points of later invention than printing, 61.
• variations in use of, 61.
• whims of authors, 61.
• Wilson’s Treatise on, 62, 65.
• Quadrates, circular, illustrated, and described, 78, 79.
• corner, illustrated, 306.
• directions for composing, 78, 79.
• hollow, illustrated, 77.
• Quantity of paper required to print a book of one thousand copies, 299.
• Quarto, scheme for imposing, 153, 154.
• the broad way for music, 153, 154.
• two half-sheets, together, 155, 156.
• half-sheet, the broad way, 155, 156.
• Quires, cassie, of what made up, 294.
• Quitting work, precautions to be used by the pressmen in, 264.
• Quoins, proper form of, 147, 148.
• how to unlock, 148.
• various patents, 306.
• Quotation furniture, illustrated, 77.
• marks, 62.
• Quotations, broad and narrow, 76.
• Railroad-ticket printing-machine, 246.
• Ramage, Adam, 236.
• Reading-boy, 202.
• Receipts, various, 311-317.
• Red ink, how to make, 286, 288.
• References, use of, 66, 67.
• Register, how to make, 260.
• Regulations for a printing-office, 233, 234.
• Reprints from standard authors not to vary from the original, 202.
• Revise, 206.
• Revise sheet necessary, 260.
• Riding, how to prevent, 286.
• Rittenhouse, William, the first paper-maker in America, 17.
• Roller-boy, 262.
• Roller-handle, how to lie when used, 251.
• how to check, 251.
• Roller, hard, best for fine work, 267.
• soft, required for posters and old type, 267.
• Roller-mould, directions for using, 252.
• Roller-stand, how to set up, 250, 251.
• illustrated, 251.
• Rollers, composition, how made, 252-254, 311, 312.
• for hand-presses, how to keep, 278.
• hand-press, 252.
• precautions in using, 252.
• to be adapted to style of work, 267.
• when in working order, 253.
• Roman letter, invention of, 49.
• deserving general adoption, 50.
• Ronaldson, James, type-founder in Philadelphia, 19.
• Richard, type-founder in Philadelphia, 20.
• Rosetta stone, discovery of, 83.
• Royal and half paper, size of, 298.
• Royal paper, size of, 298.
• Ruggles’s job presses, 246.
• card cutter, illustrated, 309.
• Rule, brass, 80.
• labour-saving, illustrated, 81.
• plan of case for, 82.
• Rules and remedies for pressmen, 262-264.
• for beginners in business, ironical, 139, 140.
• for compositors, ironical, 136, 137.
• for perforating, illustrated, 308.
• Runes, earliest alphabets of the Teutons and Goths, 86.
• Runic alphabets, 86-90.
• inscription on Bewcastle cross, 89.
• Russian alphabet, 112, 113.
• Rust, Samuel, inventor of the Washington press, 237.
• Saur (or Sower), Christopher, first American type-founder, 19.
• issues the Germantown Chronicle in 1739, 19.
• prints the first quarto Bible, 19.
• Scarlet ink, how to make, 288.
• Schœffer, Peter, inventor of type-founding, 13, 14.
• Semicolon, invented by Aldo Manuccio, 61.
• use of, 62.
• Senefelder, Alois, discoverer of lithography, 27.
• Setting fly on a cylinder press, 274.
• off, how to prevent ink from, 279.
• tapes, process of, 274.
• up a Washington press, 250.
• up a roller-stand, 250, 251.
• Seventy-twos, scheme for imposing half-sheet of, 197.
• Shades of ink, how to produce, 288.
• Sheets, counting out and putting away, 294.
• filling in and pressing, 296.
• how to take down from the poles, 296.
• names of, 149.
• Shooting-sticks, illustrated, 307.
• Short letters, 59.
• numbers of sheets, allowance for, 294.
• pages, how to back, 133.
• Side notes, how arranged, 131, 132.
• Signatures, table of, 216, 217.
• inventor of, 16.
• Signaturing, remarks concerning, 135.
• Signs, astronomical, 73, 74.
• Signs, commercial, 71.
• mathematical, 71, 73.
• medical, 74, 75.
• Silk tympan-covers, 254.
• Silvering solution, how to make, 316.
• Sitting at work improper, 127.
• Sixteens, scheme for imposing half-sheet of, 174.
• sheet of, 175.
• Sixty-fours, scheme for imposing quarter-sheet of, 195.
• scheme for imposing quarter-sheet of, with two signatures, 194.
• quarter sheet of, mixed, 195.
• half-sheet of, 196.
• Slotted brass corners, illustrated, 44.
• Slovenly copy, censurable, 223.
• Slurring, how to prevent, 263, 278.
• Small capital letters, 58, 60, 61.
• Pica, specimen of, 54.
• Smith, George Frederick, founder in Philadelphia, 20.
• Matthew, press-maker, 239.
• Peter, inventor of a hand-press, 237.
• Sorts, upper and lower case, 59.
• Sounds of German letters, 94.
• Greek letters, 98.
• Hebrew letters, 104.
• Sower—see Saur.
• Samuel & Co., early American type-founders, 20.
• Space-rules, metal, 81.
• Spaces, described, 75.
• various sizes of, should be kept separate, 128.
• Spacing, remarks on, 130, 131.
• Speculum Humanæ Salvationis, the first printed book, 11.
• Spelling, rules for, 318-332.
• Spiegal enser Behoudenisse, one of the first printed books, 10.
• Spring bearers, 259.
• Springing, to prevent wood-cuts from, 280.
• Square cross, where used, 66.
• Standard for height of type, 57, 58.
• metal furniture, 77.
• Standing press, how to fill, 296, 297.
• improved, illustrated, 297.
• Stanhope, Earl, press invented by, 236.
• Star chamber, regulations of, concerning English founders, 18.
• St. Augustin, French and Dutch name for English type, 53.
• Stereotype plates, English imperfections of, 18.
• how to underlay, 272.
• block, illustrated, 44.
• Stereotyping, invention of, 24.
• mode of, 24-26, 46.
• mud process, 26.
• Stop cylinder press, illustrated, 238.
• well adapted for fine printing, 239.
• Stower, extract from, 205, 206.
• Superiors, 67.
• Super-royal paper, size of, 298.
• Syllables, abbreviated, 15.
• how to divide, 64, 65.
• Symbols, absurd, 74.
• Table of paper required for a book, 299.
• proof-marks, 212.
• signatures, 216, 217.
• Takes of copy should be small, 221.
• Taking copy in companionships, 228, 229.
• Taking down sheets when dry, 296.
• Tapes, how to set, 274.
• Technical terms explained, 338-343.
• names should be legibly written, 211.
• Tertia, German name of Great Primer, 53.
• Theinhardt, Ferdinand, Prussian type-founder, 84.
• Thirty-sixes, scheme for imposing half-sheet of, 190.
• half-sheet of, without cutting, 190.
• the same, with two signatures, 191.
• Thirty-twos, scheme for imposing half-sheet of, 186.
• sheet of, 187, 188.
• sheet of, with four signatures, 187, 188.
• half-sheet, two signatures, 189.
• half-sheet of, mixed, 189.
• Thomas, Isaiah, 14.
• Tilloch, Dr. Alexander, 24.
• Tinted paper, coloured ink on, 291.
• Tints, neutral, 291.
• Title-deeds, scheme for imposing, 150.
• Title-pages, hints for setting, 134.
• remarks on, 134.
• Token-sheet, purpose of, 256.
• Tokens explained, 294.
• Tools for wood engraving, 34.
• Trade-marks, how to secure patents, 335.
• Transposing pages, directions for, 207.
• pages in companionships, 232.
• Turkey boxwood, best for engraving, 34.
• Turning a heap, directions for, 261, 262.
• Turpentine, spirits of, best for cleansing wood-cuts, 283.
• Tweezers, illustrated, 210.
• Twenties, scheme for imposing half-sheet of, with two signatures, 181.
• sheet of, 182.
• Twenty-fours, scheme for imposing half-sheet of, 183.
• sheet of, 183, 184.
• half-sheet, the sixteens way, 184.
• half-sheet of, long, 185.
• half-sheet of, without cutting, 186.
• Two-line letters, how used, 76.
• Tying up pages, 142, 143.
• Tympan suitable for cylinder press, 265.
• Tympans, how to cover, 254.
• Type bodies, point system of, 55, 56.
• Type-casting machine, description of, 42.
• illustrated, 41.
• origin of, 22.
• Type-casting machine, perfected by David Bruce, Jr., 22, 23.
• Type-founding a distinct calling in the seventeenth century, 18.
• early, in New York, 19.
• early, in Philadelphia, 19.
• in America, 19.
• in Europe, 18.
• Type-foundries in the United States, 23.
• Type-foundry, first American, at Germantown, Pennsylvania, 19.
• walk over a, 39-48.
• Type, how to lay a fount of, 127.
• Type-measure, 227.
• Type-metal, 40.
• Type-revolving printing machine, Hoe’s, illustrated, 240.
• Types, bill of, 57.
• Black or Old English letter, 49, 51.
• directions for choosing, 50.
• fount of, 58.
• gradation of, 55.
• how to prevent them from adhering, 127.
• Italic, invention of, 50.
• names and sizes of, 52-54.
• prices of, since 1801, 25.
• process of manufacturing, 39-43.
• Roman, invention of, 49.
• specimens of, 53, 54.
• Typographic Advertiser, 20.
• Typographical errors, a blemish, 200.
• peculiarities, ancient, 17, 18.
• Underlaying old stereotype plates, 282.
• Underlays, when proper on cylinder presses, 270-272.
• Uniformity in colors, how to secure, 263.
• in spacing essential, 130.
• Universal press, illustrated, 248.
• Unlocking forms, precautions in, 208.
• Upper-case sorts, 59.
• Van der Mey’s method of stereotyping, 24.
• Variations from copy chargeable, 211.
• Varnish for printing ink, how to make, 314.
• the common menstruum for colours, 286.
• Varnish, prevents enamel from peeling, 284.
• Vignettes, how to prepare on the press, 281.
• Walter perfecting press, 244.
• Warehouse book, form of, 293.
• department, 293-298.
• Warehouseman, duties of, 293.
• Warping of a cut, how to cure, 282.
• how to prevent, 282.
• Washing forms, directions for, 264, 265.
• Washington press, how to set up, 250.
• invented by Samuel Rust, illustrated, 237.
• Waterproof paper, how to make, 317.
• Watts, John, 21.
• Web perfecting presses, 242-246.
• Wells’s job presses, 246.
• Wet paper, how to be protected overnight, 264.
• Wetting paper, directions for, 255-257.
• drawing and plate paper, 256.
• rules for giving out paper for, 294, 295.
• Wetting-trough, how to be made, 255.
• White, Elihu, type-founder in New York, 21, 22.
• White pages, how to be treated, 259.
• Wood-cuts, how to prepare on the press, 280-283.
• how to wash, 283.
• how to take proof of, 283.
• Wood engraving, tools for, 34.
• type, how to be cared for, 292.
• Woollen blankets, needless when new type is used, 257, 266.
• Words and phrases, foreign, 357-372.
• Working in pocket unsatisfactory, 227.
• Works, how to manage hurried, 226.
• Wrinkles in paper, how to remove, 263.
• Writing inks, coloured, how to make, 314.
• Yellow ink, how to produce, 287, 288.
• Zarotti, Antonio, the inventor of signatures, 16.
• Zell, Ulrich, printer of the Chronicle of Cologne, 9.
• Zodiacal signs, 73.