gallinarum, 119, 122
— — agent of transmission, 119
— — appearance in hæmocœlic fluid of Argas persicus, 119
— — cultivation of, 123
— — fatal to fowls, 119
— gigantea, 114
— granulosa, 116
— hachaizæ in cholera motions, 122
— laverani, small size of, 122
— marchouxi, see Spirochæta gallinarum
— muris, 122
— novyi, agent of North American relapsing fever, 122
— — cultivation of, 123
— obermeieri, see Spirochæta recurrentis
— obtusa, 122, 128
— ovina, 122
— phagedenis, 122
— plicatilis, 114
— recurrentis, 120
— — agents of transmission, 120
— — cause of European relapsing fever, 120, 122
— — cultivation of, 123
— — incubation period, 630
— — morphology, 120
— refringens, 122, 128
— — association with Treponema pallidum, 122
— rossii, agent of East African relapsing fever, 122
— — cultivation of, 123
— schaudinni, agent of ulcus tropicum, 122
— stenogyrata, 122
— theileri, 122
— vincenti, 122
Spirochætacea, 115
Spirochætes, 114
— blood inhabiting, 116
— classed among Protista, 29, 115
— cultivation of, 123
— — presence of oxygen necessary for, 123
— granule phase of, 120
— hosts of, 114
— in alimentary tract, 741
— in human mouth, 122, 740
— in vomited matter, 122
— mode of division, 115
— molluscan, breaking up into granules, 119
— morphology and morphological variation, 114, 115
— of human mouth, recent work on, 740, 741
— of relapsing fever, periodic increase and decrease in blood, 115
— reaction to drugs, 115
— systematic position, 115
Spirochætoidea, 115
Spirochætoses, 629
— bronchial, diseases for which mistaken, 632
— — treatment, 633
— relapsing fever, 629
— syphilis, 632
— yaws, 632
Spiroschaudinnia, 115
Spleen, development of crescents of tertian malignant parasite in, 169
— enlargement due to ova of Schistosoma japonicum, 282
— — in malaria, 634
— pigmentation of, following malaria (footnote), 165
Splenic blood, citrated, cultivation of Leishmania donovani in, 106
— vein, tributary of portal vein, 272
Splenomegaly, association of Histoplasma capsulatum with, 112
— — of Toxoplasma pyrogenes with, 113
— infantile (kala-azar), 109, 627
Spontaneous generation, theory of, 10
— — — early opposition to, 10
Sporoblasts of Coccidiidea, 141
— of malarial parasites, 163
— of Myxosporidia, 183
Sporocyst, germ balls of, 227
— of Coccidiidea, 141
— of gregarines, 134
— of trematodes, 225, 227
Sporogony, 144, 186
Sporozoa, 28, 128
— characters and habitat, 28
— classification, 129
— hosts of, 129
— relation to Protozoa, 19
Sporozoites of Coccidiidea, 138, 139, 140
— of gregarines, 132, 133
— of malarial parasites, 159
Stained material, examination of, 747
Staining, 749
Stallion’s disease (dourine), trypanosomes in blood of horses with, 68
Stannus, species of Enyaliopsis producing ulcers, 542
— and Yorke, observation of Trypanosoma rhodesiense in animals inoculated from case of sleeping sickness, 78
Staphylocystis, 304
Stäubli, blood examination in diagnosis of trichinosis, 681
Steel and Evans, experimental transmission of Trypanosoma evansi, 67
Steenstrup, discovery of method of multiplication of Helminthes, 13
Stegomyia, breeding of, prevention, 636
— characters, 563, 571
— ovum of, 557, 558
— transmission of yellow fever by, 555
— albipes, characters, 572
— albocephala, characters, 573
— albolateralis, characters, 573
— albomarginata, characters, 573
— amesii, characters, 573
— argenteomaculata, characters, 572
— argenteopunctata, characters, 573
— assamensis, characters, 573
— auriostriata, characters, 573
— crassipes, characters, 573
— dubia, characters, 573
— fasciata, biting hours of, 574
— — breeding of, 574
— — carrier of yellow fever, 574
— — characters, 572, 574
— — development of Plasmodium relictum in, 171
— — distinguishing characters of S. scutellaris from, 575
— — domesticated species, 574
— — food of, 574
— — geographical distribution, 574
— — larvæ of, habitat, 574
— — ova of, 574
— — possible host of Leishmania tropica, 108
— — source of danger to Panama Canal, 574
— — supposed intermediate host of parasite of Bagdad sore, 575
— — transportation of, 574
— gelebinensis, characters, 572
— grantii, characters, 573
— lilii, characters, 572
— mediopunctata, characters, 573
— minuta, characters, 573
— minutissima, characters, 572
— nigeria, characters, 572
— poweri, characters, 572
— pseudonigeria, characters, 572
— pseudonivea, characters, 573
— pseudoscutellaris, 394, 575
— — characters, 572
— — intermediate host of filaria in Fiji, 575
— punctolateralis, characters, 573
— scutellaris, characters, 572
— — distinguishing character from S. fasciata, 575
— simpsoni, characters, 572
— terreus, characters, 573
— tripunctata, characters, 573
— W -alba, characters, 572
— wellmannii, characters, 572
Stein, interrelation of pseudonavicellæ and gregarines, 129
Stein, v., classification of Infusoria, 199
— discovery of meal worm in bladder worm, 303
Steinhaus, intestinal stenosis following infection by Tænia solium, 662
Stempell, on Nosema bombycis, 184
Stephens, J. W. W., appendix on Trematoda and Nematoda, 753
— — Nemathelminthes, 360
— — Plasmodium tenue, 170
— — Platyhelminthes or flat worms, 211, 638
— — and Christophers, Maurer’s dots, 168
— — — relapses and latent infection of malaria, 158
— — and Fantham, length of Trypanosoma gambiense, 73
— — — Trypanosoma rhodesiense, 69, 76
Stern, symptoms of cysticercus in fourth ventricle, 665
Stethomyia, characters, 561, 567
Stiles, C. W., infection with Lamblia intestinalis, 60
— — prophylaxis against flagellate diarrhœa, 625
Stillborn child, problematical “monocystid gregarine” from lung tissue of, 150
Stitt, alkaloid of quinine in malaria, 635
— paroxysms of malignant tertian fever, 634
Stock, bilharziasis, 641
— treatment of bilharziasis, 644
Stokvis, Balantidium coli occurring in lung, 202
Stomach, cancer of, Lamblia intestinalis in, 59, 60
— fluid from, obtained by lavage, rhabdites found in, 378
— larvæ of Gastrophilus inhabiting, 599
— trichomonads in, 55
— Tristrongylus instabilis in, 435
— wall, fibrous thickenings in, produced by species of Gnathostoma, 385
Stomoxys, characters, 609
— differentiation of Lyperosia from, 610
— disease carrier, 603
— species of, 610
— calcitrans (stinging or stable fly), 609
— — diseases transmitted by, 610
— — ova, larval and pupal stages, 609
— — transmission of epidemic poliomyelitis by, 612
Stools, larvæ of Blaps mortisaga in, 542
— method of discovering head of tapeworms in, 674
Streblidæ (bat parasites), 611
Strepsiptera, characters, 531
Strong and Musgrave, species of amœbæ distinguished by, 31
Strongylidæ, 375, 432
— free life of young stages, 20
Strongyloides, European, free-living generation generally absent in, 383
— fulleborni, 384
— intestinalis, geographical distribution, 384
— larvæ of, cultivation, 474
— life-history of, 19
— morphology, 379
— stercoralis, free-living form, morphology of, 381
— — — generation, female, 382
— — habitat in body, 755
— — heterogony of, 381
— — infection by, diagnosis, 675, 676
— — — diarrhœa associated with, 381
— — — expulsive treatment, 675
— — — pathological significance, 674
— — — prophylaxis against, 675
— — — symptoms, 674, 675
— — larva from fresh human fæces, 382
— — — mature filariform, 383
— — mode of development, 373
— — occurrence in man, 384
— — parasitic generation, morphology, 381
— — — — ova, 381, 382
— — synonyms, 380
— — and Ancylostoma duodenale, larvæ of, differences between, 451
— synonyms, 379
— toxic action of, 651
— vivipara, 384
Strongyloplasmata, 208
Stuelp, amaurosis following male fern poisoning, 671
Stuertz, chyluria following infection by Eustrongylus gigas, 682
Stylorhynchus, host of, 135
— oblongatus, gametes of, morphological differentiation, 133, 134
Stypticin in bilharziasis, 643
Sublimate, corrosive, saturated aqueous, fixation of cestodes by, 472
— — solutions, fixation by, 748
— solution in crab louse infection, 712
— — injection in expulsion of Guinea worm, 676
— — — into cutaneous and muscular cysticerci, 663
Suckers of Cestoda, 289
Sucking worms, see Trematoda
Suctoria, 29, 198
— characters and habitat, 29
Sulphur, flowers of, prophylactic against clothes lice, 616
— preparations, application in scabies, 706
Sump bunches, skin affection set up by penetration of larvæ of Ancylostoma duodenale, 455
Surra, animals among which prevailing, 95
— causal agent of, 95
— geographical distribution, 95
— transmission by Chrysops, 601
— — by Stomoxys, 96, 610
— — by Tabanus sp., 96
— trypanosomes in blood of horses with, 67
Swallow bug, see Cimex hirundinis
Swammerdam, discoveries of origin of parasites, 10
Swamps, drainage of, in prevention of malaria, 636
Sweden, ox warble fly (Hypoderma bovis) attacking man in, 596
Swellengrebel and Strickland, on Trypanosoma lewisi, 92
Symbiosis, 6
Symmers, bilharziasis of lung, 642, 643
Symphoromyia, characters, 603
Syngameæ, characters, 459
Syngamus, 459
— habitat and hosts of species, 459
— kingi, habitat and host, 460
— — morphology, 459, 460
— trachealis, bursa of, 461
Syphilis, inoculation with, producing no immunity to yaws, 128
— non-immunity to, produced by inoculation with yaws, 128
— parasite of, 114, 124, 125, 632
— tertiary eruptions of, Treponemata difficult to find in, 125
— treatment, 632
Syrphidæ, rat-tailed larvæ of, characters and habitat, 583, 584
Syzygy of gregarines, 132
Szerlecky, case of intertrigo set up by Oxyuris vermicularis, 696

T.
Tabanidæ (gad flies), characters, 600, 601
— diseases transmitted by, 601
— larvæ, 600
— method of destruction, 601
— ova, 600
— pupæ, 600
Tabanus, species of, transmitting trypanosomes, 96, 601
— bovinus (ox gad fly), 601
Tænia, 331
— africana, mature segment of, 342
— — morphology, 342
— — oncosphere of, 299
— — proglottis and head of, 343
— bremneri, morphology, 337
— capensis, 339
— cœnurus, nervous system, head and part of neck showing, 291
— confusa, mature and gravid segments, 344
— — morphology, 343
— crassicollis, anatomy of, longitudinal section showing, 290
— — cysticercus of, 338
— — host of, 6
— derivation of name (footnote), 331
— echinococcus, hooklets of, 355, 359
— — hosts of, 345
— — morphology, 344
— — organs of, 345
— — percentage of dogs infected with, in various cities and countries (footnote), 345
— — rearing of, in dog, 356
— — synonyms, 344
— — see also Echinococcus
— expulsion of, resulting in cure of chorea, 648
— extracts of, experimental injection, effects, 648
— lata (Dibothriocephalus latus), supposed origin of, 11
— lophosoma, 339
— marginata, 337
— — cysticercus of, 338
— — hooks of, 338
— — hosts of, 338
— oncospheres of species of, animals selected as hosts for development, 299
— — — migration from intestine through blood-vessels to liver, 302
— saginata, cysticercus of, 340
— — expulsion of, best method for, 669, 670
— — frequency in man, 341
— — genitalia, proglottis showing, 293
— — geographical distribution, 341
— — habitat in man, 667
— — host of, 6
— — malformations, 339
— — morphology, 339
— — parasitic in man in association with other tapeworms, 667
— — proglottids of, feeding experiments with, 340
— — prophylaxis against, 668
— — race incidence of infection, 340
— — symptoms produced by infection by, 667, 668
— — synonyms, 338
— — uterine egg, 298
— serrata, cysticercus of, 338
— — hooks of, 338
— — host of, 338
— solium, 339
— — carriers of, 335
— — diagnosis of presence in body, 662
— — Dipylidium caninum confused with, 660
— — expulsion from body, effect on anæmia, 648
— — — — measures for, must be thorough, 336
— — geographical distribution, 334
— — — — corresponds with that of domestic pig, 334
— — habitat in body of man, 662
— — head of, 332
— — host of, 6
— — in man, mode of infection, 335
— — larval infection, 662
— — — see also Cysticercus cellulosæ
— — malformations of, 332
— — modes of transmission, 336
— — morphology, 331
— — parasitic association with Dibothriocephalus latus, 658
— — proglottids, 332
— — prophylaxis against, 668
— — symptoms produced by infection by, 667, 668
— — synonyms, 331
— species of, respective times required for development of cysticercus from date of infection, 304
— — various, respective time required for growth, 306
Tæniæ, development of, 14
— infection by, treatment, symptomatic, 669
— nervous system of, 290
— oncospheres of, 14
— species of, in relation to cystic forms, 16
Tæniidæ, 331
— egg-shell substance, 297
— eggs of, 297
— morphology, 309
— oncospheres of, development of cysticerci from, 303
— rostellum, 289
— — of, ring encircling, 291, 292
Tæniol, administration in ancylostomiasis, 686
— effects of, 672
Tæniorhynchus, 576, 577
— africana, 577
— annulipes, 577
— australiensis, 577
— characters, 564
— major, 577
— ova of, 557, 558, 577
— titillans, 577
— — carrier of larvæ of Filaria bancrofti, 577
— uniformis, 577
— — carrier of larvæ of Filaria bancrofti, 577
Tallqvist, experimental bothriocephalus anæmia, 646
Tamné or thimni of Kabyles, 598
Taniguchi, paragonimiasis of brain, 639
Tapeworms, adult, length of life, 307
— biology, 307
— caudal vesicle, 300
— cysticerci experimentally reared from, 15
— development of, 297
— — embryonal, 298
— embryophore, 298
— experimental rearing of, 15
— — from cysticerci, 15
— expulsion by preliminary aperients, 669
— — by vermifuges, 669
— found in association with other intestinal parasites, 667
— individuality of, early researches as to, 283
— infection by, symptomatic treatment, 669
— injury inflicted by, depends on number in host, 9
— larvæ of, sexual maturity must take place in terminal host, 304
— larval stages, development, 298–301
— — — — modes of, 300
— metamorphosis of, 15
— — of larva into,