468, 470, 472, 473, 475
Ox-skull, found by Carthaginians, 442;
in ornament, 451;
prehistoric, 475, 476
Oystermouth (Glamorgan), church tower, 112;
burial on North side, 348

Paddington (London), 206
Paddlesworth, near Lyminge (Kent), 40
Paddlesworth, near Snodland (Kent), 40, 339
Paganism, hidden forces of, 88, 312
Pagan sites, churches on, 1-100, 488
Palaeolithic Age, references to the, 305, 308, 414, 416, 437, 439;
“floor,” 308;
oxen, 477
Palaeotherium, 409
Palestine, 217, 472
Palgrave, Sir F., on persistence of custom, 470
Palmerston, Lord, funeral of, 310
Palm Sunday, singing on, 155;
sports, 194, 195;
Bulgarian feast, 318;
yew displayed, 380, 381, 382, 402, 491;
fairs, 404
Pamirs, burial customs in the, 263, 318
Pangdean (Sussex), 455
Pantheon, conversion into a church, 30
Paradise Lost, quoted, 335
Parchments, inscribed, buried with the dead, 312
Parey Ambrose (= Paré Ambroise), cited, 197
Paris, dancing in churches of, 185;
churches of, 210;
laws regarding horseflesh, 438;
acoustic jars, 447
Parish boundaries, 34, 69;
registers, 50, 359, 372, 373;
vestry, 141-3;
armour, 158
Park cattle, 477, 478, 479
Parker, J. H., on Westminster Abbey, 232;
deflected chancels, 237
Parsonage-houses, 175, 177
Parthenon, columns of the, 239
Parvise, erroneous use of word, 155, 167
Pasque eggs, 502
Passion plays, 180
Patagonia, burial custom, 432
Pateley Bridge (Yorks.), 258
Patrick, Bishop of the Hebrides, 35
Patron saints, of churches, 129, 191, 224-6
“Paul’s Walk” (St Paul’s Cathedral), 139
Payne, Mr G., discoveries at Darenth, 428
Pearson, Prof., on burial custom, 318
Pebbles, in graves, 286, 288, 299
Peckham (London), 206
Pele, or peel towers, 107
Pembridge (Hereford), 123
Pembrokeshire, holy wells, 94-5;
churches, 113;
squints, 151
Pennant Melangel (Montgomery), 199
Pennant, T., his Tour in Scotland, cited, 49, 50;
Welsh burial custom, 331;
Fortingal yew, 376
Pennington, Canon A. R., on burial superstition, 351
Penny, Charon’s, 296
Penrith (Cumberland), 50, 231
Penwortham (Lancs.), 56, 57
Penzance (Cornwall), 37
Pepys, Samuel, quoted, 400 n.
Pérone, or Péronne (Picardy), 378
Persians, white horses of, 433;
horse sacrifices, 434
Persistence, of architectural types, 111, 117, 120, 122;
of custom, 203, 204, 259, 313, 445-6
Peruvians, burial customs, 247
Pessinus (Galatia), 198
Pet names, of oxen, 486
Petrie, Prof. W. M. Flinders, on Addington megaliths, 46
Pews, in churches, 173, 188
Pewsey (Wilts.), feather preserved in church, 201;
oxen, 453, 473
Philip II, of Macedon, 434
Phillimore, Sir R., his Ecclesiastical Law, cited, 213;
use of coffins, 271
Philology, its aid in archaeology, 145, 270
Piddinghoe (Sussex), 124, 125
Piercebridge (Durham), 464
“Pierres de foudre” (= stone celts), 197
“Pierres de tonnerre” (= stone celts), 197
Piers the Plowman (see Vision of William)
Piette, M. É., excavations by, 414
Pilgrims’ Way, 131;
churches near, 338-9;
follows the Southern slope, 338;
yews, 374, 375
Pillory, the, 167
Pine trees, on barrows, 401
Pins, in graves, 295, 310
Pirton (Herts.), church, 41;
Toot Hill, 60, 64, 70
Pisa (Italy), 216
Pit-burial, 261, 271
Pitt-Rivers, Gen. A. L., on Church Barrow, 30;
his work in Cranborne Chase, 105;
Saxon burials, 250;
“dug-out” coffins, 275;
objects found in barrows, 282;
Winkelbury Hill barrow, 285, 406 n.;
broken pottery in graves, 288,  293;
charcoal in graves, 290;
coins in graves, 296;
fossils found at Rotherly and Woodcuts, 302;
burning corn on graves, 318;
ears of corn in grave, 318;
primitive bows, 388;
yews in Cranborne Chase, 392;
horseshoes discovered by, 424, 425;
hippo-sandals, 428;
ox-shoe, 468, 469, 470
Place-names, and early Christian settlements, 31, 32, 33, 147;
and the cardinal points, 339-40;
and the yew, 403
Plays, in churches, 180-3;
in churchyards, 181, 182, 183;
evolution of, 181
Pleurs (France), 248
Pliny, his Natural History, cited, 286;
objects placed in tombs, 294, 310;
mirrors, 310;
yew poison, 362, 363;
burial of horse, 432;
shoeing camels, 470;
slaughter of oxen, 483
Ploughing, Domesday terms relating to, 456;
by horses and oxen, 458;
composition of team, 458-61
Ploughs, early, 463, 464, 497;
specimen at Lewes Castle, 463;
modern, 475
Plumpton (Sussex), position of church, 101;
sycamore in churchyard, 384
Pluto, and black oxen, 483
Point Croix (Brittany), 202
Poitiers (France), 231, 285, 389
Poland, European bison in, 475, 477
Pole Star, 325
Pollard, Mr A. W., on miracle plays, 183
Ponies, Highland, 413
Pontypridd (Wales), 258
Poppaea, wife of Nero, 423
Porches, church, baptisms and weddings in, 143;
business, 143, 155-6;
schools, 152-5;
fireplaces in, 154;
chambers, 155;
stirrup stones at, 157;
as stables, 157;
armour, 157, 159, 160
Porchester (Hants.), 13
Porosphaera globularis (= fossil sponge), 305, 306, 307
Portree (I. of Skye), 352
Post Office Guide, cited, 339
“Pot-boilers” (= calcined flints), 288, 292
Pott, A. F., and the Aryans, 333
Pottery in graves, 287, 288-90, 292
Powderham (Devon), 118
Prayer, towards the East, 212, 214, 217, 218;
towards the sun, 212, 218;
towards Jerusalem, 218
Prayer Book, first, of Edward I, cited, 156;
rubric of, 315, 316
Preaching crosses, 353
Prehistoric Society of East Anglia, 79
Prestbury (Glos.), 165
Preuilly-sur-Claise (Touraine), 236
Prideaux’s Churchwarden’s Guide, quoted, 187
Priests, attached to holy wells, 94;
as notaries, 168;
burial of, 311;
mares used by, for riding, 436, 457
Priest’s chamber, in church porches, 160
Proceedings of Cambridge Antiquarian Society, quoted, 424
Prothero, Mr R. E., on size of ox-team, 459-60
Provence, birthplace of Durandus, 210;
holm-oak on graves, 401
Proverbs, quoted, 360, 483
Pryce, Mr T. Davies, on castle-mounds, 55
Psalter of Eadwine, 464
Pugin, A. W. N., on deflected chancels, 236-7
Punish (Kent), 40
Puttenham (Surrey), 339
Puxton (Somerset), 141
Pyecombe (Sussex), position of church, 101;
oxen, 455
Pyramids, orientation of, 221 n.
Pytchley (Northants.), 80, 83, 90

Quakers’ Cemetery, Penzance, 37;
in Edinburgh, 351
Quarter-ales, 178
Quartz, pieces of, in graves, 299, 309
Quinsext Synod, 186

Radnorshire, sports in churchyards, 197
Rainham (Essex), 168, 169
Ralph de Nevil, letters of, 457
Ramage, Mr C. T., on Fortingal yew, 376
Ramsay, Sir A. C., on “greywethers,” 38
Ramsay, Prof. W. M., on image of Diana, 198
Ramsgate (Kent), 301
Rankin, Mr J., on Branxton churchyard, 355
Raphoe (Donegal), 119
“Raths” (= mounds), 66, 71
Rawlinson, Canon G., on Scythians, 288 n.;
on capture of wild horses, 414
Read, Dr C. H., on urn-burials, 250 n.
Reader, Mr F. W., on discoveries at Bramber, 78;
place-name, Canewdon, 201
Reading, morris dances at, 184;
Anglo-Saxon graves, 431
Reculver (Kent), 4, 20
Redbourn (Lincs.), 59
Red Indians, and horse sacrifice, 436
Reformation, the, 144, 174, 197, 238, 317, 489
Regulbium (= Reculver), 20
Reims, or Rheims, 231, 337
Repton (Derby), crypt, 148;
armour in church porch, 159
Resurrection, the, influence of doctrine, 263, 318;
and teeth superstition, 322;
symbolized by yew, 398
Reusens, E. H. J., on orientation, 224
Reversion of custom, 275, 277, 278-9
Reymerstone (Norfolk), 347
Rhaetia, horse-head superstition, 440
Rham, W. L., on the ox-team, 460;
ox-yoke, 462;
on ancient cultivation, 497
Rhŷs, Sir J., on “cronks,” 71;
holy springs in Wales, 94, 332;
Irish magicians, 401
Ribchester (Lancs.), 23
Riccal (Yorks.), 173
Ridgeway, Prof. W., on early horses, 416-17, 420;
Kalmucks, 419;
Herodotus, 419;
Irish epics, 419;
shoeing of horses, 424
Rievaulx Abbey (Yorks.), orientation, 208;
cartulary, 459
Right and left, determination of position by, 326-8
Ringmer (Sussex), 455, 462
Rings, in graves, 310
Rings, of trees, 364, 365, 366-9
Ripon cathedral, 138, 216 n.
Ritual of Brixen, 317
Rivenhall (Essex), 11
Robert de Brunne, cited, 319
Robin Hood, guilds, 160;
and Maid Marian, 441, 442 n.
Robin Hood’s Cave (Derby), 412
Rochdale (Lancs.), 104
Rochester (Kent), 187
Rock, Dr Daniel, on Saxon churches, 211;
orientation of churches, 211, 213;
churches in Rome, 214;
“leaning-head theory,” 236;
use of coffins, 277;
combs in ritual, 311;
St Cuthbert’s tomb, 312;
yews, 398;
Saxon churches, 404
Rock-basins, 36
Rock-carvings, 421, 481
Rock-shelters, 411
Rodmell (Sussex), horse-chestnut in churchyard, 384;
mulberries, 394;
oxen, 455;
ancient plough, 463;
ox-yoke, 462
Rogate (Hants.), 91
Rogers, J. E. Thorold, on use of church as garrison, 118, 496;
size of churches, 134;
cost of keeping horses and oxen, 466;
shoeing oxen, 470, 471
Roman Catholic churches, orientation of, 207, 208
Romanesque churches, 216
Romano-British churches, 3, 9, 150, 495;
shrines at Silchester, 24;
graves, 288, 296, 357;
ears of corn in graves, 318;
villages, 403;
horseshoes, 424, 428;
jars, 448;
ox-shoes, 468
Roman villas, 5, 6, 8, 9, 95, 428;
cemeteries, 7, 248;
pavements, 7, 8, 9;
altar, 7;
camps, 11, 12, 13, 87, 97;
miscellaneous remains, 69, 81, 83, 468;
schools, 154;
coffins, 271-3, 274;
coins, 273;
grave-gifts, 283, 294, 296;
funeral customs, 294, 318, 319, 323, 383, 401;
augurs, 326, 327;
urn, 399;
horseshoes, 423, 424, 425;
chariot-races, 440 n.;
acoustic jars, 447;
theatres, 447;
ploughs, 464;
oxen, 478-9, 480, 481
Rome, orientation of churches, 207, 212, 214, 215, 216;
liturgical custom, 215, 312, 316, 337;
oxen near, 468;
oracles, 482
Romford (Essex), 454
Rood-screens, removal of, 233, 238
Roos (Yorks.), 107, 108
Roseneath (Dumbarton), 372
Rotherly (Wilts.), 302, 403
Rottingdean (Sussex), churchyard, 90;
foxes’ heads on door, 443
Rouen, 237
Round, Dr J. H., on castle-mounds, 55, 57, 59;
Domesday Book, 375 n.;
ox-team, 458, 458 n.
Round towers, of Ireland, 118-22;
description, 118-20;
stages of development, 119, 120;
theories concerning, 120-2
Roundway Down (Wilts.), 402 n.
Royal Arms, in churches, 144
Royston (Yorks.), 131
Royston, Rev. P., on Rudstone menhir, 43
Rubrics, of Missal, 213;
of Prayer Book, 316
Rudstone (Yorks.), menhir, 43, 44;