PART TWO
PHILOSOPHY OF THE MIDDLE AGES
| PAGE | |
| Introduction | 1 |
| 1. The Idea of Christianity | 1 |
| 2. The Fathers and Heterodoxies | 10 |
| 3. Church and State | 23 |
SECTION ONE
| Arabian Philosophy | 26 |
| A. The Philosophy of the Medabberim | 30 |
| B. Commentators of Aristotle | 34 |
| C. Jewish Philosophers: Moses Maimonides | 35 |
SECTION TWO
| The Scholastic Philosophy | 37 |
| A. Relationship of the Scholastic Philosophy to Christianity | 45 |
| B. General Historical Points of View | 60 |
| 1. The Building up of Dogmas on Metaphysical Grounds | 61 |
| a. Anselm | 61 |
| b. Abelard | 67 |
| 2. Methodical Representation of the Doctrinal System of the Church | 68 |
| a. Peter Lombard | 69 |
| b. Thomas Aquinas | 71 |
| c. John Duns Scotus | 72 |
| 3. Acquaintanceship with Aristotelian Writings | 73 |
| a. Alexander of Hales | 73 |
| b. Albertus Magnus | 75 |
| 4. Opposition between Realism and Nominalism | 77 |
| a. Roscelinus | 78 |
| b. Walter of Mortagne | 80 |
| c. William Occam | 82 |
| d. Buridan | 85 |
| 5. Formal Dialectic | 86 |
| a. Julian, Archbishop of Toledo | 87 |
| b. Paschasius Radbertus | 88 |
| 6. Mystics | 91 |
| a. John Charlier | 91 |
| b. Raymundus of Sabunde | 91 |
| c. Roger Bacon | 92 |
| d. Raymundus Lullus | 92 |
| C. General Standpoint of the Scholastics | 94 |
SECTION THREE
| Revival of the Sciences | 108 |
| A. Study of the Ancients | 109 |
| 1. Pomponatius | 111 |
| 2. Bessarion, Ficinus, Picus | 112 |
| 3. Gassendi, Lipsius, Reuchlin, Helmont | 112 |
| 4. Ciceronian Popular Philosophy | 113 |
| B. Certain Attempts in Philosophy | 115 |
| 1. Cardanus | 116 |
| 2. Campanella | 119 |
| 3. Bruno | 119 |
| 4. Vanini | 137 |
| 5. Petrus Ramus | 143 |
| C. The Reformation | 146 |
PART THREE
MODERN PHILOSOPHY
| Introduction | 157 |
SECTION ONE
| Modern Philosophy in its First Statement | 170 |
| A. Bacon | 170 |
| B. Jacob Boehme | 188 |
SECTION TWO
| Period of the Thinking Understanding | 217 |
| Chapter I.—The Metaphysics of the Understanding | 220 |
| A. First Division | 220 |
| 1. Descartes | 220 |
| 2. Spinoza | 252 |
| 3. Malebranche | 290 |
| B. Second Division | 295 |
| 1. Locke | 295 |
| 2. Hugo Grotius | 313 |
| 3. Thomas Hobbes | 315 |
| 4. Cudworth, Clarke, Wollaston | 319 |
| 5. Puffendorf | 321 |
| 6. Newton | 322 |
| C. Third Division | 325 |
| 1. Leibnitz | 325 |
| 2. Wolff | 348 |
| 3. German Popular Philosophy | 356 |
| Chapter II.—Transition Period | 360 |
| A. Idealism and Scepticism | 363 |
| 1. Berkeley | 364 |
| 2. Hume | 369 |
| B. Scottish Philosophy | 375 |
| 1. Thomas Reid | 376 |
| 2. James Beattie | 377 |
| 3. James Oswald | 377 |
| 4. Dugald Stewart | 378 |
| C. French Philosophy | 379 |
| 1. The Negative Aspect | 388 |
| 2. The Positive Aspect | 392 |
| a. Materialism | 393 |
| b. Robinet | 394 |
| 3. Idea of a Concrete Universal Unity | 397 |
| a. Opposition between Sensation and Thought | 398 |
| b. Montesquieu | 399 |
| c. Helvetius | 400 |
| d. Rousseau | 400 |
| D. The German Illumination | 403 |
SECTION THREE
| Recent German Philosophy | 409 |
| A. Jacobi | 410 |
| B. Kant | 423 |
| C. Fichte | 479 |
| 1. The First Principles of Fichte’s Philosophy | 481 |
| 2. Fichte’s System in a Re-constituted Form | 505 |
| 3. The More Important of the Followers of Fichte | 506 |
| a. Friedrich von Schlegel | 507 |
| b. Schleiermacher | 508 |
| c. Novalis | 510 |
| d. Fries, Bouterweck, Krug | 510 |
| D. Schelling | 512 |
| E. Final Result | 545 |
| Index | 555 |
| Corrigenda in Vols. I. and II. | 570 |