Hil´debrand (Meister), the Nestor of German romance, a magician and champion.

⁂ Maugis, among the paladins of Charlemagne, sustained a similar twofold character.

Hil´debrod (Jacob, duke), president of the Alsatian Club.—Sir W. Scott, Fortunes of Nigel (time, James I.).

Hil´desheim. The monk of HildesheimHildesheim, doubting how a thousand years with God could be “only one day,” listened to the melody of a bird in a green wood, as he supposed, for only three minutes, but found that he had in reality been listening to it for a hundred years.

Hill (Dr. John), whose pseudonym was “Mrs. Glasse.” Garrick said of him:

Hil´lary (Tom), apprentice of Mr. Lawford, the town clerk. Afterwards Captain Hillary.—Sir W. Scott, The Surgeon’s Daughter (time, George II.).

Hinch´up (Dame), a peasant, at the execution of Meg Murdockson.—Sir W. Scott, Heart of Midlothian (time, George II.).

Hin´da, daughter of Al Hassan, the Arabian emir of Persia. Her lover, Hafed, a gheber or fire-worshipper, was the sworn enemy of the emir. Al Hassan sent Hinda away, but she was taken captive by Hafed’s party. Hafed, being betrayed to Al Hassan, burnt himself to death in the sacred fire, and Hinda cast herself headlong into the sea.—T. Moore, Lalla Rookh (“The Fire-Worshippers,” 1817).

Hinzelmann, the most famous house-spirit or kobold of German legend. He lived four years in the old castle of Hudemühlen, and then disappeared for ever (1588).

Hippol´ito. So Browning spells the name of the son of Theseus (2 syl.) and An´tiopê. Hippolito fled all intercourse with woman. Phædra, his mother-in-law, tried to seduce him, and when he resisted her solicitations, accused him to her husband of attempting to dishonor her. After death he was restored to life under the name of Virbius (vir-bis, “twice a man”). (See Hippolytos).

Hippol´yta, queen of the Am´azons, and daughter of Mars. She was famous for a girdle given her by the war-god, which Herculês had to obtain possession of as one of his twelve labors.

⁂ Shakespeare has introduced Hippolyta in his Midsummer Night’s Dream, and betroths her to TheseusTheseus (2 syl.) duke of Athens; but according to classic fable, it was her sister An´tiopê (4 syl.) who married Theseus.

Hippolyta, a rich lady wantonly in love with Arnoldo. By the cross purposes of the plot, Leopold, a sea-captain, is enamoured of Hippolyta, Arnoldo is contracted to the chaste Zeno´cia, and Zenocia is dishonorably pursued by the Governor Count Clo´dio.—Beaumont and Fletcher, The Custom of the Country (1647).

Hippolytos (in Latin, Hippolytus), son of Theseus. He provoked the anger of Venus by disregarding her love, and Venus, in revenge, made Phædra (his mother-in-law) fall in love with him, and when Hippolytos repulsed her advances, she accused him to her husband of seeking to dishonor her. Theseus prayed Neptune to punish the young man, and the sea-god, while the young man was driving in his chariot, scared the horses with sea-calves. Hippolytos was thrown from the chariot and killed, but Diana restored him to life again. (See Hippolito.)

Hippom´enes (4 syl.), a Grecian prince who outstripped Atalanta in a foot-race, by dropping three golden apples, which she stopped to pick up. By this conquest he won Atalanta to wife.

Hippot´ades (4 syl.), Eŏlus, the wind-god, son of Hippota.

Hiren, a strumpet. From Peele’s play The Turkish Mahomet and Hyren the Fair Greek (1584).

In Italian called a courtezan; in Spain a margarite; in French une putaine; in English...a punk.

“There be Sirens in the sea of the world. Syrens? Hirens, as they are now called. What a number of these sirens [Hirens], cockatrices, courteghians, in plain English, harlots, swimme amongst us!”—Adams, Spiritual Navigator (1615).

Hiroux (Jean), the French “Bill Sikes,” with all the tragic elements eliminated.

Hislop (John), the old carrier at Old St. Ronan’s.—Sir W. Scott, St. Ronan’s Well (time, George III.).

Histor´icus, the nom de plume of the Hon. E. Vernon Harcourt, for many years the most slashing writer in the Saturday Review, and a writer in the Times.

History (Father of). Herod´otos, the Greek historian, is so called by Cicero (B.C. 484-408).

History (Father of Ecclesiastical), Polygnotos of Thaos (fl. B. C. 463-435). The Venerable Bede is so called sometimes (672-735).

History (Father of French), Andre Duchesne (1584-1640).

Histrio-mastix, a tirade against theatrical exhibitions, by William Prynne (1632).

Ho´amen, an Indian tribe settled on a south branch of the Missouri, having Az´tlan for their imperial city. The Az´tecas conquered the tribe, deposed the queen, and seized their territory by right of conquest. When Madoc landed on the American shore, he took the part of the Hoamen, and succeeded in restoring them to their rights. The Aztecas then migrated to Mexico (twelfth century).—Southey, Madoc (1805).

Hob Miller of Twyford, an insurgent.—Sir W. Scott, The Betrothed (time, Henry II.).

Hob or Happer, miller at St. Mary’s Convent.

Mysie Happer, the miller’s daughter. She marries Sir Piercie Shafton.—Sir W. Scott, The Monastery (time, Elizabeth).

Hob´bididance (4 syl.), the prince of dumbness, and one of the five fiends that possessed “poor Tom.”—Shakespeare, King Lear, act iv. sc. 1 (1605).

⁂ This name is taken from Harsnett’s Declaration of Egregious Popish-Impostures (1561-1631).

Hobbie O’Sorbie´trees, one of the huntsmen near Charlie’s Hope farm.—Sir. W. Scott, Guy Mannering (time, George II.)

Hob´bima (The English), John Crome, of Norwich, whose last words were: “O Hobbima, Hobbima, how I do love thee!” (1769-1821).

Hob´bima (The Scotch), P. Nasmyth (1831- ).

⁂ Minderhout Hobbima, a famous landscape painter of Amsterdam (1638-1709).

Hobbinol. (See Hobinol).

Hobbler or Clopinel, Jehan de Meung, the French poet, who was lame (1260-1320). Meung was called by his contemporaries Père de l’Eloquence.

⁂ Tyrtæus, the Greek elegiac poet, was called “Hobbler” because he introduced the alternate pentameter verse, which is one foot shorter than the old heroic metre.

Hobbler (The Rev. Dr.), at Ellieslaw Castle, one of the Jacobite conspirators with the laird of Ellieslaw.—Sir W. Scott The Black Dwarf (time, Anne).

Hobby-horse (The), one of the masquers at Kennaquhair Abbey.—Sir W. Scott, The Abbot (time Elizabeth).

Hobinol or Hobbinol is Gabriel Harvey, physician, LL.D., a friend and college chum of Edmund Spenser, the poet. Spenser, in his ecl. iv., makes Thenot inquire, “What gars thee to weep?” and Hobinol replies it is because his friend Colin, having been flouted by Rosalind (ecl. i.), has broken his pipe and seems heart-broken with grief. Thenot then begs Hobinol to sing to him one of Colin’s own songs, and Hobinol sings the lay of “Elisa, queen of the shepherds” (Queen Elizabeth), daughter of Syrinx and Pan (Anne Boleyn and Henry VIII.). He says Phœbus thrust out his golden head to gaze on her, and was amazed to see a sun on earth brighter and more dazzling than his own. The Graces requested she might make a fourth grace, and she was received amongst them and reigned with them in heaven. The shepherds then strewed flowers to the queen, and Elisa dismissed them, saying that at the proper season she would reward them with ripe damsons (ecl. iv.) Ecl. ix. is a dialogue between Hobinol and Diggon Davie, upon Popish abuses. (See Diggon Davie).—Spenser, Shephearde’s Calendar (1572.)

Hobnel´ia, a shepherdess, in love with Lubberkin, who disregarded her. She tried by spells to win his love, and after every spell she said:

Hob´son (Thomas), a carrier who lived at Cambridge in the seventeenth century. He kept a livery stable, but obliged the university students to take his hacks in rotation. Hence the term Hobson’s choice came to signify “this or none.” Milton (in 1660) wrote two humorous poems on the death of the old carrier.

Hochspring´en (The young duke of), introduced in Donnerhugel’s narrative.—Sir W. Scott, Anne of Geierstein (time, Edward IV.).

Hocus (Humphry), “the attorney” into whose hands John Bull and his friends put the law-suit they carried on against Lewis Baboon (Louis XIV.). Of course, Humphry Hocus is John Churchill, duke of Mariborough, who commanded the army employed against the Grand Monarque.

Hocus was an old cunning attorney; and though this was the first considerable suit he was ever engaged in, he showed himself superior in address to most of his profession. He always kept good clerks. He loved money, was smooth-tongued, gave good words, and seldom lost his temper.... He provided plentifully for his family; but he loved himself better than them all. The neighbors reported that he was henpecked, which was impossible by such a mild-spirited woman as his wife was [his wife was a desperate termagant].—Dr. Arbuthnot, History of John Bull, v. (1712).

Hodei´rah (3 syl.), husband of Zei´nab (2 syl.) and father of Thalaba. He died while Thalaba was a mere lad.—Southey, Thalaba the Destroyer, i. (1797).

Hodeken (i.e. little hat), a German kobold or domestic fairy, noted for his little felt hat.

Hö´der, the Scandinavian god of darkness, typical of night. He is called the blind old god. Balder is the god of light, typical of day. According to fable Höder killed Balder with an arrow made of mistletoe, but the gods restored him to life again.

Hodge, Gammer Gurton’s goodman, whose breeches she was repairing when she lost her needle.—Mr. S., Master of Arts, Gammer Gurton’s Needle (1551).

⁂ Mr. S. is said to be J. Still, afterwards bishop of Bath and Wells, but in 1551 he was only eight years old.

Hodges (John), one of Waverley’s servants.—Sir W. Scott, Waverley (time, George II.).

Hodges (Joe), landlord of Bertram, by the lake near Merwyn Hall.—Sir W. Scott, Guy Mannering (time, George II.).

Hodge´son (Gaffer), a puritan.—Sir W. Scott, Peveril of the Peak (time, Charles II.).

Hoel (2 syl.), king of the Armorican Britons, and nephew of King Arthur. Hoel sent an army of 15,000 men to assist his uncle against the Saxons (501). In 509, being driven from his kingdom by Clovis, he took refuge in England; but in 513 he recovered his throne, and died in 545.

Ho´el, son of Prince Hoel and Lla´ian. Prince Hoel was slain in battle by his half-brother David, king of North Wales, and Llaian, with her son, followed the fortunes of Prince Madoc, who migrated to North America. Young Hoel was kidnapped by Ocell´opan, an Az´tec, and carried to Az´tlan for a propitiatory sacrifice to the Aztecan gods. He was confined in a cavern without food; but Co´atel, a young Aztecan wife, took pity on him, visited him, supplied him with food, and assisted Madoc to release him.—Southey, Madoc (1805).

Ho´garth (William), called “The Juvenal of Painters” (1695-1764).

Hogarth (The Scottish), David Allan (1744-1796).

Hogarth of Novelists, Henry Fielding (1707-1754).

Hold´enough (Master Nehemiah), a Presbyterian preacher, ejected from his pulpit by a military preacher.—Sir W. Scott, Woodstock (time, Commonwealth).

Holgrave, daguerreotypist, who rents a room from Miss Hepzibah Pyncheon, falls in love with and marries Phœbe Pyncheon.—Nathaniel Hawthorne, The House of the Seven Gables (1851).

Holiday (Erasmus), schoolmaster in the Vale of Whitehorse.—Sir W. Scott, Kenilworth (time, Elizabeth).

Holipher´nes (4 syl.), called “English Henry,” one of the Christian knights in the allied army of Godfrey, in the first crusade. He was slain by Dragu´tês (3 syl.). (See Holophernes).—Tasso, Jerusalem Delivered, ix. (1575).

Hollingsworth. Big, one-ideaed philanthropist, and a leader in the Blithedale farm project. “He had taught his benevolence to pour its warm tide exclusively through one channel, so that there was nothing to spare for other great manifestations of love to man, nor scarcely for the nutriment of individual attachments, unless they could minister, in some way, to the terrible egotism which he mistook for an angel of God.”

He is beloved by Zenobia, and gives what love he can spare from himself and his Idea to weak, silly Priscilla.—Nathaniel Hawthorne, The Blithedale Romance (1852).

Holman (Lieutenant James), the blind traveller (1787-1857).

Hol´opherne (Thubal), the great sophister, who, in the course of five years and three months, taught Gargantua to say his ABC backwards.—Rabelais, Gargantua, i. 14 (1533).

Holopher´nes (4 syl.). a pedantic schoolmaster, who speaks like a dictionary. The character is meant for John Florio, a teacher of Italian in London, who published, in 1598, a dictionary called A World of Words. He provoked the retort by condemning wholesale the English dramas, which, he said, were “neither right comedies nor right tragedies, but perverted histories without decorum.” The following sentence is a specimen of the style in which Shakespeare caricatured his style:

The deer was...in sanguis (blood), ripe as a pomewater who now hangeth like a jewel in the ear of cœlo (the sky, the welkin, the heaven); and anon falleth like a crab on the face of terra (the soil, the land, the earth).—Shakespeare, Love’s Labor’s Lost, act iv. sc. 2 (1594).

⁂ Holophernes is an imperfect anagram of “Joh´nes Florio,” the first and last letters being omitted, F=ph.

Holt (Felix). A collarless radical who sets a neighborhood by the ears, and stultifies himself by wooing a gentlewoman.—George Eliot, Felix Holt (Radical).

Holy Bottle (The Oracle of the), the object of Pantag´ruel’s search. He visited various lands with his friend Panurge (2 syl.), the last place being the island of Lantern-land, where the “bottle” was kept in an alabaster fount in a magnificent temple. When the party arrived at the sacred spot, the priestess threw something into the fount; whereupon the water began to bubble, and the word “Drink” issued from the “bottle.” So the whole party set to drinking Falernian wine, and, being inspired with drunkenness, raved with prophetic madness; and so the romance ends.—Rabelais, Pantagruel (1545).

Like Pantagruel and his companions in quest of the “Oracle of the Bottle.”—Sterne.

Holy Brotherhood (The), in Spain called Santa Hermandad, was an association for the suppression of highway robbery.

The thieves,...believing the Holy Brotherhood was coming...got up in a hurry, and alarmed their companions.—Lesage, Gil Blas, i. 6 (1715).

Holy Maid of Kent, Elizabeth Barton, who incited the Roman Catholics to resist the progress of the Reformation, and pretended to act under divine inspiration. She was executed in 1534 for “predicting” that the king (Henry VIII.) would die a sudden death if he divorced Queen Katharine and married Anne Boleyn. At one time she was thought to be inspired with a prophetic gift, and even the lord chancellor, Sir Thomas More, was inclined to think so.

Home, Sweet Home. The words of this popular song are by John Howard Payne, an American. It is introduced in his melodrama called Clari, or The Maid of Milan. The music is by Sir Henry Bishop, and was originally sung in 1823 by Miss M. Tree.

Homer (The British). Milton is so called on Gray’s monument in Westminster Abbey.

Homer (The Casket), an edition of Homer corrected by Aristotle, which Alexander the Great carried about with him, and placed in the golden casket richly studded with gems, found in the tent of Darīus. Alexander said there was but one thing in the world worthy to be kept in so precious a casket, and that was Aristotle’s Homer.

Homer (The Celtic), Ossian, son of Fingal, king of Morven.

Homer (The Oriental), Ferdusi, the Persian poet, who wrote the Shâh Nâmeh, or history of the Persian kings. It contains 120,000 verses, and was the work of thirty years (940-1020).

Homer (The Prose). Henry Fielding, the novelist, is called by Byron “The Prose Homer of Human Nature” (1707-1764).

Homer (The Scottish), William Wilkie, author of The Epigon´iad (1721-1772).

Homer of our Dramatic Poets (The). So Shakespeare is called by Dryden (1564-1616).

Shakespeare was the Homer or father of our dramatic poets; Jonson was the Virgil. I admire rare Ben, but I love Shakespeare.—Dryden.

Homer of Ferra´ra (The). Ariosto was called by Tasso, Omero Ferraresê (1474-1533).

Homer of the Franks (The), Angilbert was so called by Charlemagne (died 814).

Homer of the French Drama (The). Pierre Corneille was so called by Sir Walter Scott (1606-1684).

Homer of Philosophers (The), Plato (B. C. 429-347).

Homer the Younger, Philiscos, one of the seven Pleiad poets of Alexandria, in the time of Ptolemy Philadelphos.

Homeric Characters.

Agamemnon, haughty and imperious; Achilles, brave, impatient of command, and relentless; Diomed, brave as Achilles, but obedient to authority; Ajax the Greater, a giant in stature, fool-hardy, arrogant, and conceited; Nestor, a sage old man, garrulous on the glories of his youthful days; Ulysses, wise, crafty, and arrogant; Patroclos, a gentle friend; Thersites, a scurrilous demagogue.

Hector, the protector and father of his country, a brave soldier, an affectionate husband, a wise counsellor, and a model prince; Sarpedon, the favorite of the gods, gallant and generous; Paris, a gallant and a fop; Troilus, “the prince of chivalry;” Priam, a broken-spirited old monarch.

Helen, a heartless beauty, faithless, and fond of pleasure; Androm´achê, a fond young mother and affectionate wife; Cassandra, a querulous, croaking prophetess; Hecuba, an old she-bear robbed of her whelps.

Homespun (Zekiel), a farmer of Castleton. Being turned out of his farm, he goes to London to seek his fortune. Though quite illiterate, he has warm affections, noble principles, and a most ingenious mind. Zekiel wins £20,000 by a lottery ticket, bought by his deceased father.

Cicely Homespun, sister of Zekiel, betrothed to Dick Dowlas (for a short time the Hon. Dick Dowlas). When Cicely went to London with her brother, she took a situation with Caroline Dormer. Miss Dormer married “the heir-at-law” of Baron Duberly, and Cicely married Dick Dowlas.—G. Colman, The Heir-at Law (1797).

Hominy (Mrs.), philosopher and authoress, wife of Major Hominy, and “mother of the modern Gracchi,” as she called her daughter, who lived at New Thermopylæ, three days this side of “Eden,” in America. Mrs. Hominy was considered by her countrymen a “very choice spirit.”—C. Dickens, Martin Chuzzlewit (1844).

Homo Sum. A story by George Ebers, telling of the life, temptations, and victories of certain anchorites living on Mt. Sinai.

Honest George. General George Monk, duke of Albemarle, was so called by the Cromwellites (1608-1670).

Honest Man. Diogenês, being asked one day what he was searching for so diligently that he needed the light of a lantern in broad day, replied, “An honest man.”

Honest Thieves (The). The “thieves” are Ruth and Arabella, two heiresses, brought up by Justice Day, trustee of the estates of Ruth and guardian of Arabella. The two girls wish to marry Colonel Careless and Captain Manly, but do not know how to get possession of their property, which is in the hands of Justice Day. It so happens that Day goes to pay a visit, and the two girls, finding the key of his strong box, help themselves to the deeds, etc., to which they are respectively entitled. Mrs. Day, on her return, accuses them of robbery; but Manly says, “Madam, they have taken nothing but what is their own. They are honest thieves, I assure you.”—T. Knight (a farce).

⁂ This is a mere rifacimento of The Committee (1670), by the Hon. Sir R. Howard. Most of the names are identical, but “Captain Manly” is substituted for Colonel Blunt.

Honey. Glaucus, son of Minos, was smothered in a cask of honey.

Honeycomb (Will), a fine gentleman, the great authority on the fashions of the day. He was one of the members of the imaginary club from which the Spectator issued.—The Spectator (1711-1713).

Honeycombe (Mr.), the uxorious husband of Mrs. Honeycombe, and father of Polly. Self-willed, passionate, and tyrannical. He thinks to bully Polly out of her love-nonsense, and by locking her in her chamber to keep her safe, forgetting that “love laughs at locksmiths,” and “where there’s a will there’s a way.”

Mrs. Honeycombe, the dram-drinking, maudling, foolish wife of Mr. Honeycombe, always ogling him, calling him “lovey,” “sweeting,” or “dearie,” but generally muzzy, and obfuscated with cordials or other messes.

Polly Honeycombe, the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Honeycombe; educated by novels, and as full of romance as Don Quixote. Mr. Ledger, a stock broker, pays his addresses to her; but she hates him, and determines to elope with Mr. Scribble, an attorney’s clerk, and nephew of her nurse. This folly, however, is happily interrupted.—G. Colman, the elder, Polly Honeycombe (1760).

Honeyman (Charles), a free-and-easy clergyman, of social habits and fluent speech,—Thackeray, The Newcomes (1855).

Honeymoon (The), a comedy by J. Tobin (1804). The general scheme resembles that of the Taming of the Shrew, viz., breaking-in an unruly colt of high mettle to the harness of wifely life. The duke of Aranza marries the proud, overbearing, but beautiful Juliana, eldest daughter of Balthazar. After marriage, he takes her to a mean hut, and pretends he is only a peasant, who must work for his daily bread, and that his wife must do the household drudgery. He acts with great gentleness and affection; and by the end of the month, Juliana, being thoroughly reformed, is introduced to the castle, where she finds that her husband after all is the duke, and that she is the duchess of Aranza. It is an excellent and well written comedy.

Honeywood, “the good-natured man,” whose property is made the prey of swindlers. His uncle, Sir William Honeywood, in order to rescue him from sharpers, causes him to be seized for a bill to which he has lent his name “to a friend who absconded.” By this arrest the young man is taught to discriminate between real friends and designing knaves. Honeywood dotes on Miss Richland, but fancies she loves Mr. Lofty, and therefore forbears to avow his love; eventually, however, all comes right. Honeywood promises to “reserve his pity for real distress, and his friendship for real merit.”

Sir William Honeywood, uncle of Mr. Honeywood “the good-natured man.” Sir William sees with regret the faults of his nephew, and tries to correct them. He is a dignified and high-minded gentleman.—Goldsmith, The Good-natured Man (1767).

Hono´ra, daughter of General Archas, “the loyal subject” of the great-duke of Moscovia, and sister of Viola.—Beaumont and Fletcher, The Loyal Subject (1618).

Hono´ria, a fair but haughty dame, greatly loved by Theodore of Ravenna; but the lady “hated him alone,” and, “the more he loved the more she disdained.” One day she saw the ghost of Guido Cavalcanti hunting with two mastiffs a damsel who despised his love and who was doomed to suffer a year for every month she had tormented him. Her torture was to be hunted by dogs, torn to pieces, disemboweled, and restored to life again every Friday. This vision so acted on the mind of Honoria, that she no longer resisted the love of Theodore, but, “with the full consent of all, she changed her state.”—Dryden, Theodore and Honoria (a poem).

⁂ This tale is from Boccaccio, Decameron (day v. 8).

Honour (Mrs.), the waiting gentlewoman of Sophia Western.—Fielding, Tom Jones (1749).

This is worse than Sophy Western and Mrs. Honour about Tom Jones’s broken arm.—Prof. J. Wilson.

Honour and Glory Griffiths. Captain Griffiths, in the reign of William IV., was so called because he used to address his letters to the Admiralty, to “Their Honours and Glories at the Admiralty.”

Honor is often personified by the poets. Emerson said of Judge Hoar, “When he sat upon the bench, Honor came and sat beside him.”

Honors (Crushed by His or Her).

Tarpeia (3 syl.), daughter of Tarpeius (governor of the citadel of Rome), promised to open the gates to Tatius, if his soldiers would give her the ornaments they wore on their arms. As the soldiers entered the gate, they threw on her their shields, and crushed her to death, saying, “These are the ornaments we Sabines wear on our arms.”

Draco, the Athenian legislator, was crushed to death in the theatre of Ægīna by the number of caps and cloaks showered on him by the audience, as a mark of honor.

Elagab´alus, the Roman emperor, invited the leading men of Rome to a banquet, and, under pretense of showing them honor, rained roses upon them till they were smothered to death.

Hood (Riley), smart boy who is willing that his grandmother “may pit Gener’l Washington an’ the old man Noah agin one ’nother right at the door of the ark,” provided his father does not compel him to authenticate her stories or be thrashed.—Richard Malcolm Johnston, Other Georgia Folk (1887).

Hood (Robin), a famous English outlaw. Stow places him in the reign of Richard I., but others make him live at divers periods between Cœur de Lion and Edward II. His chief haunt was Sherwood Forest, in Nottinghamshire. Ancient ballads abound with anecdotes of his personal courage, his skill in archery, his generosity, and great popularity. It is said that he robbed the rich, but gave largely to the poor, and protected women and children with chivalrous magnanimity. The ballad, “The Death of Robin Hood,” says that he was treacherously bled to death by his sister, the Prioress of the Abbey of Kirklees.

Stukeley asserts that Robin Hood was Robert Fitzooth, earl of Huntingdon; and it is probable that his name hood, like capet given to the French king of the Hugues, refers to the cape or hood which he usually wore.

⁂ The chief incidents of his life are recorded by Stow. Ritson has collected a volume of songs, ballads, and anecdotes called Robin Hood ... that Celebrated English Outlaw (1795). Sir W. Scott has introduced him in his famous novel Ivanhoe, which makes the outlaw contemporary with Cœur de Lion.

Robin Hood’s Men. The most noted of his followers were Little John, whose surname was Nailor; his chaplain, Friar Tuck; William Scarlet, Scathelooke (2 syl.), or Scadlock, sometimes called two brothers; Will Stutly or Stukely; Mutch, the miller’s son; and the maid Marian.

Hookem (Mr.), partner of lawyer Clip-purse at Waverley Honor.—Sir. W. Scott, Waverley (time, George II.).

Hooker (Thomas). In his eulogy upon Master Thomas Hooker, Cotton Mather “invites the reader to behold at once the wonders of New England, and it is in one Thomas Hooker that he shall behold them.”—Cotton Mather, D. D., Magnolia Christi Americana (1702).

Hop (Robin), the hop plant.

Hope. The name of the first woman, according to Grecian mythology, was Pandôra, made by Hephæstos (Vulcan) out of earth. She was called Pandôra (“all-gifted”) because all the deities contributed something to her charms. She married Epime´theus (4 syl.), in whose house was a box which no mortal might open. Curiosity induced Pandôra to peep into it, when out flew all the ills of humanity, and she had just time to close the lid to prevent the escape of Hope also.

Hope (The Bard of), Thomas Campbell, who wrote The Pleasures of Hope, in two parts (1777-1844).

Hope (Dorothy). An ingenuous, dimpled village girl, who attracts the fancy and satisfies the heart of a world-weary man.—Ellen Olney Kirk, Daughter of Eve (1889).

Hope (The Cape of Good), originally called “The Cape of Storms”Storms”.

Similarly, the Euxine (i.e. “hospitable”) Sea was originallyoriginally called by the Greeks, the Axine (i.e. “the inhospitable”) Sea.

Hope Diamond (The), a blue brilliant, weighing 44-1/4 carats.

It is supposed that this diamond is the same as the blue diamond bought by Louis XIV. in 1608, of Tavernier. It weighed in the rough 112-1/4 carats, and after being cut 67-1/8 carats. In 1792 it was lost. In 1830 Mr. Daniel Eliason came into possession of a blue diamond without any antecedent history. This was bought by Mr. Henry Thomas Hope, and is called “The Hope Diamond.”

Hope of Troy (The), Hector.

Hopeful, a companion of Christian after the death of Faithful at Vanity Fair.—Bunyan, The Pilgrim’s Progress, i, (1678).

Hope-on-High Bomby, a puritanical character, drawn by Beaumont and Fletcher.

“Well,” said Wildrake, “I think I can make a Hope-on-High Bomby as well as thou canst.”—Sir W. Scott, Woodstock, vii.

Hopkins (Matthew), of Manningtree, Essex, the witch-finder. In one year he caused sixty persons to be hanged as reputed witches.

Between three and four thousand persons suffered death for witchcraft between 1643 and 1661.—Dr. Z. Grey.

Hopkins (Nicholas), a Chartreux friar, who prophesied “that neither the king [Henry VIII.] nor his heirs should prosper, but that the duke of Buckingham should govern England.”

Hop-o’-my-Thumb, a character in several nursery tales. Tom Thumb and Hop-o’-my-thumb are not the same, although they are often confounded with each other. Tom Thumb was the son of peasants, knighted by King Arthur, and was killed by a spider; but Hop-’o-my-thumb was a nix, the same as the German daumling, the French le petit pouce, and the Scotch Tom-a-lin or Tamlane. He was not a human dwarf, but a fay of usual fairy proportions.

Horace, son of Oronte (2 syl.) and lover of Agnes. He first sees Agnes in a balcony, and takes off his hat in passing. Agnes returns his salute, “pour ne point manquer à la civilité.” He again takes off his hat, and she again returns the compliment. He bows a third time, and she returns his “politeness” a third time. “Il passe, vient, repasse, et toujours me fait a chaque fois révérence, et moi nouvelle révérence aussi je lui rendois.” An intimacy is soon established, which ripens into love. Oronte tells his son he intends him to marry the daughter of Enrique (2 syl.), which he refuses to do; but it turns out that Agnes is in fact Enrique’s daughter, so that love and obedience are easily reconciled.—Molière, L’école des Femmes (1662).

Horace (The English). Ben Jonson is so called by Dekker the dramatist (1574-1637).

Cowley was preposterously called by George, duke of Buckingham “The Pindar, Horace, and Virgil of England” (1618-1667).

Horace (The French), Jean Macrinus or Salmon (1490-1557).

Pierre Jean de Béranger is called “The Horace of France,” and “The French Burns” (1780-1857).

Horace (The Portuguese), A. Ferreira (1528-1569).

Horace (The Spanish). Both Lupercio Argen´sola and his brother Bartolome are so called.

Horace de Brienne (2 syl.), engaged to Diana de Lascours; but after the discovery of Ogari´ta [alias Martha, Diana’s sister], he falls in love with her, and marries her with the free consent of his former choice.—E. Stirling, The Orphan of the Frozen Sea (1856).

Horatia, daughter of Horatius, “the Roman father.” She was engaged to Caius Curiatius, whom her surviving brother slew in the well-known combat of the three Romans and three Albans. For the purpose of being killed, she insulted her brother Publius in his triumph, and spoke disdainfully of his “patriotic love,” which he preferredpreferred to filial and brotherly affection. In his anger he stabbed his sister with his sword.—Whitehead, The Roman Father (1741).

Hora´tio, the intimate friend of Prince Hamlet.—Shakespeare, Hamlet, Prince of Denmark (1596).

Horatio, the friend and brother-in-law of Lord Al´tamont, who discovers by accident that Calista, Lord Altamont’s bride, has been seduced by Lothario, and informs Lord Altamont of it. A duel ensues between the bridegroom and the libertine, in which Lothario is killed; and Calista stabs herself.—N. Rowe, The Fair Penitent (1703).

Horatius, “the Roman father.” He is the father of the three Horatii chosen by the Roman Senate to espouse the cause of Rome against the Albans. He glories in the choice, preferring his country to his offspring. His daughter, Horatia, was espoused to one of the Curiatii, and was slain by her surviving brother for taunting him with murder under the name of patriotism. The old man now renounced his son, and would have given him up to justice, but king and people interposed in his behalf.

Publius Horatius, the surviving son of “the Roman father.” He pretended flight, and as the Curiatii pursued, “but not with equal speed,” he slew them one by one as they came up.—Whitehead, The Roman Father, (1741).

Horatius [Cocles], captain of the bridge-gate over the Tiber. When Por´sĕna brought his host to replace Tarquin on the throne, the march on the city was so sudden and rapid that the consul said, “The foe will be upon us before we can cut down the bridge.” Horatius exclaimed, “If two men will join me, I will undertake to give the enemy play till the bridge is cut down.” Spurius Lartius and Herminius volunteered to join him in this bold enterprise. Three men came against them and were cut down. Three others met the same fate. Then the lord of Luna came with his brand, “which none but he could wield,” but the Tuscan was also despatched. Horatius then ordered his two companions to make good their escape, and they just crossed the bridge as it fell in with a crash. The bridge being down, Horatius threw himself into the Tiber and swam safe to shore, amidst the applauding shouts of both armies.—Lord Macaulay, Lays of Ancient Rome (“Horatius,” 1842).

Horn (King), hero of a French metrical romance, the originaloriginal of our Childe Horne or The Geste of Kyng Horn. The French romance is ascribed to Maistre Thomas; and Dr. Percy thinks the English romance is of the twelfth century, but this is probably at least a century too early.

Horn of Chastity and Fidelity.

Morgan la Faye sent King Arthur a drinking-horn, from which no lady could drink who was not true to her husband, and no knight who was not feal to his liege lord. Sir Lamorake sent this horn as a taunt to Sir Mark, king of Cornwall.—Sir T. Malory, History of Prince Arthur, (1470).

Ariosto’s enchanted cup.

The cuckold’s drinking-horn, from which “no cuckold could drink without spilling the liquor.”

Horner (Jack), the little boy who sat in a corner to eat his Christmas pie, and thought himself wondrously clever because he contrived to pull out a plum with his thumb.