⁂ He also brought with him the spear of Longinus, the Roman soldier who pierced the side of Jesus.—Sir T. Malory, History of Prince Arthur, i. 40 (1470).
Jos´ephine (3 syl.), wife of Werner, and mother of Ulric. Josephine was the daughter of a decayed Italian exile of noble blood.—Byron, Werner (1822).
Jos´ian, daughter of the king of Armenia, and wife of Sir Bevis, of Southampton. It was Josian who gave the hero his sword, “Morglay” and his steed “Arundel.”—Drayton, Polyolbion, ii. (1612).
Josse (1 syl.) a jeweller. Lucinde (2 syl.), the daughter of Sganarelle, pined and fell away, and the anxious father asked his neighbors what they would advise him to do. Mon. Josse replied:
“Pour“Pour moi, je tiens que la braverie, que l’adjustement est la chose qui réjouit le plus les filles; et si j’étoit que de vous, je lui achéterois dès aujourd’ hui une belle garniture de diamants, ou de rubis, ou d’émeraudes.”
Sgnarelle made answer:
“Vous êtes orfèvre, Monsieur Josse; et votre conseil sent son homme qui a envie de se défaire de sa marchandise.”—Molière, L’Amour Médicin, i. 1 (1665).
Vous êtes orfèvre, Mon Josse (“You are a jeweller, Mon. Josse, and are not disinterested in your advice”). (See above).
Jo´tham, the person who uttered the parable of “The Trees choosing a King,” when the men of Shechem made Abimelech king. In Dryden’s Absalom and Achitophel, it stands for George Saville, marquis of Halifax.
Jour, king of Mambrant, the person who carried off Jos´ian, the wife of Sir Bevis, of Southampton, his sword “Morglay,” and his steed “Ar´undel.” Sir Bevis, disguised as a pilgrim, recovered all three.—Drayton, Polyolbion, ii. (1612).
Jourdain (Mons.), an elderly tradesman, who has suddenly fallen into a large fortune, and wishes to educate himself up to his new position in society. He employs masters of dancing, fencing, philology, and so on; and the fun of the drama turns on the ridiculous remarks that he makes, and the awkward figure he cuts as the pupil of these professors. One remark is especially noted: he says he had been talking prose all his life, and never knew it till his professor told him.—Molière, Le Bourgeois Gentilhomme (1870).
Journalists. Napoleon I. said:
A journalist is a grumbler, a censurer, a giver of advice, a regent of sovereigns, a tutor of nations. Four hostile newspapers are more formidable than a thousand bayonets.
Jovian, emperor of Rome, was bathing one day, when a person stole his clothes, and passed himself off as the emperor. Jovian, naked and ashamed, went to a knight, said he was emperor, and begged the loan of a few garments for the nonce; but the knight called him an impostor, and had him scourged from the gate. He next went to a duke, who was his chief minister; but the duke had him confined, and fed on bread and water as a vagrant and a madman. He then applied at the palace, but no one recognized him there. Lastly, he went to his confessor, and humbled himself, confessing his sins. The priest took him to the palace, and the sham emperor proved to be an angel sent to reform the proud monarch. The story says that Jovian thenceforth reigned with mercy and justice till he died.—Evenings with the Old Story-tellers.
Joyeuse (2 syl.), Charlemagne’s sword, which bore the inscription: Decem præceptorum custos Carŏlus. It was buried with the king, as Tizo´na (the Cid’s sword) was buried with the Cid.
Joyeuse-Garde or Garde-Joyeuse, the estate given by King Arthur to Sir Launcelot du Lac, for defending the queen’s honor against Sir Mador. Here Sir Launcelot was buried.
Juan (Don), a hero of the sixteenth century, a natural son of Charles-quint, born at Ratisbonne, in 1545. He conquered the Moors of Grana´da, won a great naval victory over the Turks at Lepanto, made himself master of Tunis, and put down the insurgents of the Netherlands (1545-1578).
This is the Don Juan of C. Delavigne’s drama entitled Don Juan d’Autriche (1835).
Juan (Don), son of Don Louis Tenorio, of Sicily, a heartless roué. His valet says of him:
“Tu vois en don Juan le plus grand scélérat que la terre ait jamais porté, un enragé, un chien, un démon, un Turc, un hérétique qui ne croit ni ciel, ni enfer, in diable, qui passe cette vie en véritable bête brute, un pourceau d’Epicure, un vrai Sardanapale; qui ferme l’oreille à toutes les remontrances qu’on lui peut faire, et traite de bille-vesées tout ce que nous croyons.”—Molière, Don Juan, i. 1 (1665).
Juan (Don), a native of Seville, son of Don Josê and Donna Inez (a blue stocking). When Juan was 16 years old, he got into trouble with Donna Julia, and was sent by his mother (then a widow) on his travels. His adventures form the story of a poem so called; but the tale is left incomplete.—Lord Byron, Don Juan (1819-21).
Juan (Don). The hero of Richard Mansfield’s play bearing this title, is a gay youth, wild with the joys of liberty to which he is unaccustomed; saucy, audacious and winning, bent upon getting for himself all the pleasure life offers the young. He is tender, inconstant, brave, chivalric, irresponsible, and gains dignity by dying heroically (1891).
Juan (Don), or Don Giovanni, the prince of libertines. The original of this character was Don Juan Tenorio, of Seville, who attempted the seduction of the governor’s daughter; and the father, forcing the libertine to a duel, fell. A statue of the murdered father was erected in the family vault; and one day when Don Juan forced his way into the vault, he invited the statue to a banquet. The statue accordingly placed itself at the board, to the amazement of the host, and, compelling the libertine to follow, delivered him over to devils, who carried him off triumphant.
Dramatized first by Gabriel Tellez (1626). Molière (1665) and Thomas Corneille, in Le Festin de Pierre, both imitated from the Spanish (1673), have made it the subject of French comedies; Goldoni (1765), of an Italian comedy; Glück, of a musical ballet (1765); Mozart, of an opera called Don Giovanni (1787), a princely work.
Juan Fernandez, a rocky island in the Pacific Ocean, near the coast of Chili. Here Alexander Selkirk, a buccaneer, resided in solitude for four years. Defoe is supposed to have based his tale of Robinson Crusoe on the history of Alexander Selkirk.
⁂ Defoe places the island of his hero “on the east coast of South America,” somewhere near Dutch Guiana.
Juba, prince of Numidia, warmly attached to Cato while he lived at Utica (in Africa), and passionately in love with Marcia, Cato’s daughter. Sempro´nius, having disguised himself as Juba, was mistaken for the Numidian prince by Marcia; and, being slain, she gave free vent to her grief, thus betraying the state of her affection. Juba overheard her, and as it would have been mere prudery to deny her love after this display, she freely confessed it, and Juba took her as his betrothed and future wife.—J. Addison, Cato (1713).
Jubal, son of Lamech and Adah. The inventor of the lyre and flute.—Gen. iv. 19-21.
Judas, in pt. ii. of Absalom and Architophel, most of which was written by Tate, is meant for Mr. Furgueson, a nonconformist, who joined the duke of Monmouth, and afterwards betrayed him.
Judas Iscariot. Klopstock says that Judas Iscariot had a heart formed for every virtue, and was in youth unpolluted by crime, insomuch that the Messiah thought him worthy of being one of the twelve. He, however, was jealous of John, because Jesus loved him more than He loved the rest of the apostles; and this hatred towards the beloved disciple made him hate the lover of “the beloved.” Judas also feared (says Klopstock) that John would have a higher post than himself in the kingdom, and perhaps be made treasurer. The poet tells us that Judas betrayed Jesus under the expectation that it would drive Him to establish His kingdom at once, and rouse Him into action.—Klopstock, The Messiah, iii. (1748).
Judith Hutter. Handsome daughter of a frontier trapper, whose ruse of arraying herself in a court-dress, heretofore kept as a curiosity, and, resplendent in brocade and laces, passing herself off as an English stranger of rank, would have effected the release of the prisoners but for her weak-witted sister’s avowal of her identity. She has been a favorite with more than one man, yet never loved until she knows Deerslayer. Her offer to marry him is refused gently and simply, and in shame she quits her accustomed haunts for what career we are left to conjecture.—James Fennimore Cooper, The Deerslayer.
Judith. Child-heroine of Marion Harland’s novel of that name.
Judith, a beautiful Jewess of Bethu´lia, who assassinated Holofernês, the general of Nebuchadnezzar, to save her native town. When Judith showed the head of the general to her countrymen, they rushed on the invading army, and put it to a complete rout.—Judith, one of the books of the Apocrypha.
Judith (Aunt), sister to Master George Heriot, the king’s goldsmith.—Sir W. Scott, Fortunes of Nigel (time, James I.).
Judy, the wife of Punch. Master Punch, annoyed by the cries of the baby, gives it a knock, which kills it, and, to conceal his crime from his wife, throws the dead body out of the window. Judy comes to inquire about the child, and, hearing of its death, upbraids her lord stoutly, and tries on him the “reproof of blows.” This leads to a quarrel, in which Judy is killed. The officers of justice, coming to arrest the domestic tyrant, meet the same fate as his child and wife; but at last the devil outwits him, he is hanged, and carried off to the place of all evil-doers.
Juel (Nils), a celebrated Danish admiral, who received his training under Tromp and De Ruyter. He defeated the Swedes in 1677 in several engagements.
Julet´ta, the witty, sprightly attendant of Alinda.—Beaumont and Fletcher, The Pilgrim (1621).
Julia, a lady beloved by Proteus. Her waiting-woman is Lucetta.—Shakespeare, Two Gentlemen of Verona (1594).
Julia, the “ward” of Master Walter, “the hunchback.” She was brought up by him most carefully in the country, and at a marriageable age was betrothed to Sir Thomas Clifford. Being brought to London, she was carried away in the vortex of fashion, and became the votary of pleasure and dissipation, abandoned Clifford, and promised to marry the earl of Rochdale. As the wedding day drew nigh, her love for Clifford returned, and she implored her guardian to break off her promise of marriage to the earl. Walter now showed himself to be the real earl of Rochdale, and father of Julia. Her nuptials with the supposed earl fell to the ground, and she became the wife of Sir Thomas Clifford.—S. Knowles, The Hunchback (1831).
Julia (Donna), a lady of Sev´ille, of Moorish origin, a married woman, “charming, chaste, and twenty-three.” Her eye was large and dark, her hair glossy, her brow smooth, her cheek “all purple with the beam of youth,” her husband 50, and his name Alfonso. Donna Julia loved a lad of 16, named Don Juan, “not wisely but too well,” for which she was confined in a convent.—Byron, Don Juan, i. 59-188 (1819).
Tender and impassioned, but possessing neither information to occupy her mind, nor good principles to regulate her conduct, Donna Julia is an illustration of the women of Seville, “whose minds have but one idea, and whose life business is intrigue.” The slave of every impulse ... she now prostrates herself before the altar of the Virgin, making the noblest efforts “for honor, pride, religion, virtue’s sake,” and then, “in the full security of innocence,” she seeks temptation, and finds retreat impossible.—Finden, Byron Beauties.
Julia Dodd. English girl in love with Alfred Hardie, her brother’s college mate. Alfred is abducted on the eve of their wedding-day, by order of his father, who has his own reasons for opposing the match. Julia goes to the church to meet him, and returns home unmarried. After many and curious contretemps and some disasters, the young couple are re-united.—Charles Reade, Very Hard Cash.
Julia Melville, a ward of Sir Anthony Absolute; in love with Faulkland, who saved her life when she was thrown into the water by the upsetting of a boat.—Sheridan, The Rivals (1775).
Julian (Count), a powerful lord of the Spanish Goths. When his daughter Florinda was violated by King Roderick, the count was so indignant that he invited over the Moors to come and push Roderick from the throne, and even turned renegade the better to effect his purpose. The Moors succeeded, but condemned Count Julian to death, “to punish treachery, and prevent worse ill.” Julian, before he died, sent for “Father Maccabee,” and said:
Julian (St.), patron saint of hospitality. An epicure, a man of hospitality.
Julian St. Pierre, the brother of Mariana (q. v.).—S. Knowles, The Wife (1833).
Juliana, eldest daughter of Balthazar. A proud, arrogant, overbearing “Katharine,” who marries the duke of Aranza, and intends to be lady paramount. The duke takes her to a poor hut, which he calls his home, gives her the household duties to perform, and pretends to be a day-laborer. She chafes for a time; but his manliness, affection, and firmness, get the mastery; and when he sees that she loves him for himself, he announces the fact that after all he is the duke, and she the duchess of Aranza.—J. Tobin, The Honeymoon (1804).
Ju´liance, a giant.—Sir T. Malory, History of Prince Arthur, i. 98 (1470).
Julian West. Young man, who, after a sleep of years, awakens to the new order of things depicted in Looking Backward.—Edward Bellamy.
Julie (2 syl.), the heroine of Molière’s comedy entitled Mons. de Pourceaugnac (1669).
Julie (2 syl.), the heroine of J. J. Rousseau’s novel entitled Julie, ou la Nouvelle Héloïse (1760). The prototype was the Comtesse d’Houdetot. Julie had a pale complexion, a graceful figure, a profusion of light brown hair, and her near-sightedness gave her “a charming mixture of gaucherie and grace.” Rousseau went every morning to meet her, that he might receive of her that single kiss with which Frenchwomen salute a friend. One day, when Rousseau told her that she might innocently love others besides her husband, she näively replied, “Je pourrais done aimer mon pauvre St. Lambert.” Lord Byron has made her familiar to English readers.
Julie de Mortemar, an orphan, ward of Richelieu, and loved by King Louis XIII., Count Baradas, and Adrien de Mauprat, the last of whom she married. After many hair-breadth escapes and many a heart-ache, the king allowed the union, and blessed the happy pair.—Lord Lytton, Richelieu (1839).
Ju´liet, daughter of Lady Cap´ulet, of Verona, in love with Ro´meo, son of Montague (3 syl.), a rival house. As the parents could not be brought to sanction the alliance, the whole intercourse was clandestine, as was their marriage. In order to prevent the threatened marriage with Count Paris, by the advice of Friar Laurence she took a sleeping draught, and was carried to the family vault. The intention was that on waking, she should elope with Romeo; but Romeo, seeing her in the vault, killed himself from grief; and when Juliet awoke and found Romeo dead, she killed herself also.—Shakespeare, Romeo and Juliet (1598).
C.H. Wilson says of Mrs. Baddeley (1742-1780) that her “‘JulietJuliet’ was never surpassed.” W. Donaldson, in his Recollections, says that “Miss O’Neill made her first appearance in Covent Garden Theatre in 1815 as ‘Juliet,’ and never was such an impression made before by any actress whatsoever.” Miss Fanny Kemble and Miss Helen Faucit were both excellent in the same character. The youngest Juliet was Miss Rosa Kenney (under 18), who made her dêbut in this character at Drury Lane, in 1879.
The doating fondness and silly peevishness of the nurse tends to relieve the soft and affectionate character of “Juliet,” and to place her before the audience in a point of view which those who have seen Miss O’Neill perform “Juliet,” know how to appreciate.—Sir W. Scott, The Drama.
Juliet, the lady beloved by Claudio, brother of Isabella.—Shakespeare, Measure for Measure (1603).
Ju´lio, a noble gentleman, in love with Lelia, a wanton widow.—Beaumont and Fletcher, The Captain (1613).
Julio of Harancour, “the deaf and dumb” boy, ward of Darlemont, who gets possession of Julio’s inheritance and abandons him in the streets of Paris. Julio is rescued by the Abbé De l’Epée, who brings him up, and gives him the name of Theodore. Julio grows up a noble-minded and intelligent young man, is recognized by the Franval family, and Darlemont confesses that “the deaf and dumb” boy is the count of Harancour.—Th. Holcroft, The Deaf and Dumb (1785).
Julius (St.) a British martyr of Caerleon or the City of Legions (Newport, in South Wales). He was torn limb from limb by Maximia´nus Herculius, general of the army of Diocle´tian, in Britain. Two churches were founded in the City of Legions, one in honor of St Julius, and one in honor of St. Aaron, his fellow-martyr.
Jumps (Jemmy), in The Farmer. One of the famous parts of Jos. Munden (1758-1832).
June.
June.
Juno’s Birds. Juno is represented in works of art as drawn through fields of air by a pair of peacocks harnessed to her chariot.
Jupe (Signor), clown in Sleary’s circus, passionately attached to his daughter Cecilia. Signor Jupe leaves the circus suddenly, because he is hissed, and is never heard of more.
Cecilia Jupe, daughter of the clown. After the mysterious disappearance of her father, she is adopted and educated by Thomas Gradgrind, Esq., M.P.—C. Dickens, Hard Times (1854).
Just (The).
Aristi´des, the Athenian (died B.C. 468).
Ba´haram, called Shah endeb (“the just king”). He was the fifth of the Sassan´idês (276-296).
Cassimir II. of Poland (1117, 1177-1194).
Ferdinand I. of Arragon (1373, 1412-1416).
Haroun-al-Raschid (“the just”), the greatest of the Abbasside caliphs (765, 786-808).
James II. of Arragon (1261, 1285-1326).
Khosru or Chosroes I., called by the Arabs Molk al Adel (“the just king”). He was the twenty-first of the Sassanidês (*, 531-579).
Moran, counsellor of Feredach, an early king of Ireland.
Pedro I. of Portugal (1320, 1357-1367).
Justin´ian (The English), Edward I. (1239, 1272-1307).
Ju´venal (The English), John Oldham (1653-1683.)
Juvenal (The Young). [Dr.] Thomas Lodge is so called by Robert Green (1555-1625).—A Groat’sworth of Wit, bought with a Million of Repentance.
Ju´venal of Painters (The), William Hogarth (1697-1794).
J’y suis et j’y reste (“Here am I placed, and here I mean to remain”). This was said by Marshal de MacMahon, and shows the character of the marshal-president of the French better than a volume (1877). But he resigned in 1879.