Lovinski (Baron), the friend of Prince Lupauski, under whose charge the Princess Lodois´ka (4 syl.) is placed during a war between the Poles and the Tartars. Lovinski betrays his trust by keeping the princess a virtual prisoner, because she will not accept him as a lover. The Count Floreski makes his way into the castle, and the baron seeks to poison him, but at this crisis the Tartars invade the castle, the baron is slain, and Floreski marries the princess.—J.P. Kemble, Lodoiska (a melodrama).

Low-Heels and High-Heels, two factions in Lilliput. The High-heels were opposed to the emperor, who wore low heels, and employed Low-heels in his cabinet. Of course the Low-heels are the whigs, and low-church party, and the High-heels, the tories and high-church party. (See Big-endians).—Swift, Gulliver’s Travels (“Voyage to Lilliput,”Lilliput,” 1727).

Lowestoffe (Reginald), a young Templar.—Sir W. Scott, Fortunes of Nigel (time, James I.).

Lowrie (Dan), thoroughly debased ruffian, who beats his noble daughter, plans again and again to murder or maim an honest man who has defended himself successfully when assailed, and is by mistake, set upon in the dark by the accomplices he has set in ambush for Fergus Derrick and wounded mortally. His last act is to strike blindly at Joan, his daughter.—Frances Hodgson Burnett, That Lass o’ Lowrie’s (1877).

Lowther (Jack), a smuggler.—Sir W. Scott, Redgauntlet (time, George III.).

Loyal Subject (The), Archas, general of the Muscovites, and the father of Colonel Theodore.—Beaumont and Fletcher, The Loyal Subject (1618).

Loyale Epée (La), “the honest soldier,” Marshal de MacMahon (1808, president of France from 1873 to 1879).

Loys de Dreux, a young Breton nobleman who joined the Druses, and was appointed their prefect.

Luath (2 syl.), Cuthulin’s “swift-footed hound.”—Ossian, Fingal, ii.

Fingal had a dog called “Luath” and another called “Bran.”

In Robert Burns’ poem, called The Twa Dogs, the poor man’s dog, which represents the peasantry, is called “Luath” and the gentleman’s dog is “Cæsar.”

Lucan (Sir), sometimes called “Sir Lucas,” butler of King Arthur, and a knight of the Round Table.—Sir T. Malory, History of Prince Arthur (“Lucan,” ii. 160; “Lucas,” ii. 78; 1470).

Lucasta, whom Richard Lovelace celebrates, was Lucy Sacheverell. (Lucycasta or Lux casta, “chaste light.”)

Lucentio, son of Vicentio of Pisa. He marries Bianca, sister of Katharina, “the Shrew” of Padua.—Shakespeare, Taming of the Shrew (1594).

Lucetta, waiting-woman of Julia, the lady-love of Proteus (one of the heroes of the play).—Shakespeare, The Two Gentlemen of Verona (1594).

Lu´cia, daughter of Lucius (one of the friends of Cato at Utica, and a member of the mimic senate). Lucia was loved by both the sons of Cato, but she preferred the more temperate Porcius to the vehement Marcus. Marcus being slain, left the field open to the elder brother.—Addison, Cato (1713).

Lucia, in The Cheats of Scapin, Otway’s version of Les Fourberies de Scapin, by Molière. Lucia, in Molière’s comedy, is called “Zerbinette;” her father, Thrifty, is called “Argante;” her brother, Octavian, is “Octave;” and her sweetheart, Leander, son of Gripe, is called by Molière, “Léandre, son of Géronte” (2 syl.).

Lucia (St.) Struck on St. Lucia’s thorn, on the rack, in torment, much perplexed and annoyed. St. Lucia was a virgin martyr, put to death at Syracuse, in 304. Her fête-day is December 13. The “thorn” referred to is in reality, the point of a sword, shown in all paintings of the saint, protruding through the neck.

If I don’t recruit ... I shall be struck upon St. Lucia’s thorn.—Cervantes, Don Quixote, II. i. 3 (1615).

Lucia di Lammermoor, called by Sir W. Scott, “Lucy Ashton,” sister of Lord Henry Ashton, of Lammermoor. In order to retrieve the broken fortune of the family, Lord Henry arranged a marriage between his sister and Lord Arthur Bucklaw, alias Frank Hayston, laird of Bucklaw. Unknown to the brother, Edgardo (Edgar), master of Ravenswood, (whose family had long had a feud with the Lammermoors), was betrothed to Lucy. While Edgardo was absent in France, Lucia (Lucy) is made to believe he is unfaithful to her, and in her despair she consents to marry the laird of Bucklaw, but on the wedding night she stabs him, goes mad, and dies.—Donizetti, Lucia di Lammermoor (an opera, 1835); Sir W. Scott, The Bride of Lammermoor (time, William III.).

Luci´ana, sister of Adrian´a. She marries Antipholus, of Syracuse.—Shakespeare, Comedy of Errors (1593).

Lu´cida, the lady-love of Sir Ferramont.—Spenser, Faëry Queen, iv. 5 (1596).

Lucifer is described by Dantê as a huge giant, with three faces: one red, indicative of anger; one yellow, indicative of envy; and one black, indicative of melancholy. Between his shoulders, the poet says, there shot forth two enormous wings, without plumage, “in texture like a bat’s.” With these “he flapped i’ the air,” and “Cocy´tus to its depth was frozen.” “At six eyes he wept,” and at every mouth he champed a sinner.—Dantê, Hell, xxxiv. (1301).

Lucif´era (Pride), daughter of Pluto and Proser´pĭna. Her usher was Vanity. Her chariot was drawn by six different beasts, on each of which was seated one of the queen’s counsellors. The foremost beast was an ass, ridden by Idleness, who resembled a monk; paired with the ass was a swine, on which rode Gluttony, clad in vine leaves. Next came a goat, ridden by Lechery, arrayed in green; paired with the goat was a camel, on which rode Avarice, in threadbare coat and cobbled shoes. The next beast was a wolf, bestrid by Envy, arrayed in a kirtle full of eyes; and paired with the wolf was a lion, bestrid by Wrath, in a robe all blood-stained. The coachman of the team was Satan.

Lucille. Brunette, in love with and beloved by Lord Alfred. They are separated by circumstances, and meet again when Alfred’s promise to another woman hinders a marriage between Lucille and her lover. She remains single and becomes a Sister of Mercy.—Lucille, poem, by Owen Meredith, (Robert, Lord Lytton).

Lucinda, the daughter of opulent parents, engaged in marriage to Cardenio, a young gentleman of similar rank and equal opulence. Lucinda was, however, promised by her father in marriage to Don Fernando, youngest son of the Duke Ricardo. When the wedding day arrived, the young lady fell into a swoon, and a letter informed Don Fernando that the bride was married already to Cardenio. Next day, she left the house privately, and took refuge in a convent, whence she was forcibly abducted by Don Fernando. Stopping at an inn, the party found there Dorothea, the wife of Don Fernando, and Cardenio, the husband of Lucinda, and all things arranged themselves satisfactorily to the parties concerned.—Cervantes, Don Quixote, I. iv. (1605).

Lucinda, the bosom friend of Rosetta; merry, coquettish, and fit for any fun. She is the daughter of Justice Woodcock, and falls in love with Jack Eustace, against her father’s desire. Jack, who is unknown to the justice, introduces himself into the house, as a music-master; and Sir William Meadows induces the old man to consent to the marriage of the young people.—I. Bickerstaff, Love in a Village.

Lucinda, referred to by the poet Thomson in his Spring, was Lucy Fortescue, daughter of Hugh Fortescue, of Devonshire, and wife of Lord George Lyttelton.

Lucinde (2 syl.), daughter of Sganarelle. As she has lost her spirit and appetite, her father sends for four physicians, who all differ as to the nature of the malady and the remedy to be applied. Lisette (her waiting-woman) sends in the meantime for Clitandre, the lover of Lucinde, who comes under the guise of a mock doctor. He tells Sganarelle the disease of the young lady must be reached through the imagination, and prescribes the semblance of a marriage. As his assistant is in reality a notary, the mock marriage turns out to be a real one.—Molière, L’Amour Médecin (1665).

Lucinde (2 syl.), daughter of Géronte (2 syl.). Her father wanted her to marry Horace; but as she was in love with Léandre, she pretended to have lost the power of articulate speech, to avoid a marriage which she abhorred. Sganarelle, the faggot-maker, was introduced as a famous dumb doctor, and soon saw the state of affairs; so he took with him Léandre as an apothecary, and the young lady received a perfect cure from “pills matrimoniac.”—Molière, Le Médicin Malgré Lui (1666).

Lu´cio, a fantastic, not absolutely bad, but vicious and dissolute. He is unstable, “like a wave of the sea, driven by the wind and tossed,” and has no restraining principle.—Shakespeare, Measure for Measure (1603).

Lucip´pe (3 syl.), a woman attached to the suite of the princess Calis (sister of Astorax, king of Paphos).—Beaumont and Fletcher, The Mad Lover (1618).

Lu´cius, son of Coillus; a mythical king of Britain. Geoffrey says he sent a letter to Pope Eleutherius (177-193) desiring to be instructed in the Christian religion, whereupon the pope sent over Dr. Faganus and Dr. Duvanus for the purpose. Lucius was baptized, and “people from all countries” with him. The pagan temples in Britain were converted into churches, the archflamens into archbishops, and the flamens into bishops. So there were twenty-eight bishops and three archbishops.—British History, iv. 19, (1470).

After baptism, St. Lucius abdicated, and became a missionary in Switzerland, where he died a martyr’s death.

Lucius (Caius), general of the Roman forces in Britain, in the reign of king Cym´beline (3 syl.).—Shakespeare, Cymbeline (1605).

Lucius Tiberius, general of the Roman army, who wrote to King Arthur, commanding him to appear at Rome to make satisfaction for the conquests he had made, and to receive such punishment as the senate might think proper to pass on him. This letter induced Arthur to declare war with Rome. So, committing the care of government to his nephew Modred, he marched to Lyonaise (in Gaul), where he won a complete victory, and left Lucius dead on the field. He now started for Rome; but being told that Modred had usurped the crown, he hastened back to Britain, and fought the great battle of the West, where he received his death wound from the hand of Modred.—Geoffrey, British History, ix. 15-20; x (1142).

Luck of Roaring Camp. A baby born in a mining-camp, loses his mother in the first hour of his life, and is adopted by “the boys.” A run of success having followed mining operations since his birth, he is named “Luck.” His cabin is kept clean, a rosewood cradle brought fifty miles for his use, “the boys” take turns in holding him, and must be clean before they can do it. He is taken daily up the “gulch,” to be in the shade while they work, but “Kentuck” is his chief guardian. One night a freshet carries off Kentuck’s hut, the owner and “The Luck.” Man and baby are picked up below; the child is dead, the man dying, “He’s a takin’ me with him. Tell the boys I’ve got ‘The Luck’ with me now!” and the strong man clinging to the frail babe as a drowning man is said to cling to a straw, drifted away with the shadowy river that flows forever to the unknown sea.—Bret Harte, The Luck of Roaring Camp (1870).

Lucre´tia, daughter of Spurius Lucretius, prefect of Rome, and wife of Tarquinius Collati´nus. She was dishonored by Sextus, the son of Tarquinius Superbus. Having avowed her dishonor in the presence of her father, her husband, Junius Brutus, and some others, she stabbed herself.

This subject has been dramatized in French by Ant. Vincent Arnault, in a tragedy called Lucrèce (1792); and by François Ponsard in 1843. In English, by Thomas Heywood, in a tragedy entitled The Rape of Lucrece (1630); by Nathaniel Lee, entitled Lucius Junius Brutus (seventeenth century); and by John H. Payne, entitled Brutus or the Fall of Tarquin (1820). Shakespeare selected the same subject for his poem entitled The Rape of Lucrece (1594).

Lucrezia di Borgia, daughter of Pope Alexander VI. She was thrice married, her last husband being Alfonso, duke of Ferra´ra. Before this marriage, she had a natural son, named Genna´ro, who was brought up by a Neapolitan fisherman. When grown to manhood, Gennaro had a commission given him in the army, and in the battle of Rim´ini he saved the life of Orsini. In Venice he declaimed freely against the vices of Lucrezia di Borgia, and on one occasionoccasion he mutilated the escutcheon of the duke, by knocking off the B, thus converting Borgia into Orgia. Lucrezia insisted that the perpetrator of this insult should suffer death by poison; but when she discovered that the offender was her own son, she gave him an antidote, and released him from jail. Scarcely, however, was he liberated, than he was poisoned at a banquet given by the Princess Neg´roni. Lucrezia now told Gennaro that he was her own son, and died as her son expired.—Donizetti, Lucrezia di Borgia (an opera, 1834).

⁂ Victor Hugo has a drama entitled Lucrèce Borgia.

Lucullus, a wealthy Roman, noted for his banquets and self-indulgence. On one occassion, when a superb supper had been prepared, being asked who were to be his guests, he replied, “Lucullus will sup to-night with Lucullus” (B.C. 110-57).

Luc´umo, a satrap, chieftain, or khedive among the ancient Etruscans. The over-king was called lars. Servius, the grammarian says: “Lŭcŭmo rex sonat linguâ Etruscâ;” but it was such a king as that of Bavaria in the empire of Germany, where the king of Prussia is the lars.

Lucy, a dowerless girl, betrothed to Amidas. Being forsaken by him for the wealthy Philtra, she threw herself into the sea, but was saved by clinging to a chest. Both being drifted ashore, it was found that the chest contained great treasures, which Lucy gave to Bracidas, the brother of Amidas, who married her. In this marriage, Bracidas found “two goodly portions, and the better she.”—Spenser, Faëry Queen, v. 4 (1596).

Lucy Fountain. The heroine of Love Me Little, Love Me Long. She has sundry suitors, each backed by her uncle or her aunt, and chooses for herself a stalwart, handsome sailor, David Dodd by name, who adores her. She figures as a devoted wife and mother in Very Hard Cash, Charles Reade.

Lucy, daughter of Mr. Richard Wealthy, a rich London merchant. Her father wanted her to marry a wealthy tradesman, and as she refused to do so, he turned her out of doors. Being introduced as a fille de joie to Sir George Wealthy, “the minor,” he soon perceived her to be a modest girl, who had been entrapped, and he proposed marriage. When the facts of the case were known, Mr. Wealthy and the Sir William (the father of the young man) were delighted at the happy termination of what might have proved a most untoward affair.—S. Foote, The Minor (1760).

Lucy [Goodwill], a girl of 16, and a child of nature, reared by her father, who was a widower. “She has seen nothing,” he says; “she knows nothing, and, therefore, has no will of her own.” Old Goodwill wished her to marry one of her relations, that his money might be kept in the family; but Lucy had “will” enough of her own to see that her relations were boobies, and selected for her husband a big, burly footman, named Thomas.—Fielding, The Virgin Unmasked.

Lucy [Lockit], daughter of Lockit, the jailer, a foolish young woman, who, decoyed by Captain Macheath, under the specious promise of marriage, effected his escape from jail. The captain, however, was recaptured, and condemned to death; but, being reprieved, confessed himself married to Polly Peachum, and Lucy was left to seek another mate.

Miss Fenton (duchess of Bolton) was the original “Lucy Lockit” (1708-1760).

Lucy and Colin. Colin was betrothed to Lucy, but forsook her for a bride “thrice as rich as she.” Lucy drooped, but was present at the wedding; and when Colin saw her, “the damps of death bedewed his brow, and he died.” Both were buried in one tomb, and many a hind and plighted maid resorted thither, “to deck it with garlands and true love knots.”—T. Tickell, Lucy and Colin.

⁂ Vincent Bourne has translated this ballad into Latin verse.

Through all Tickell’s works there is a strain of ballad thinking.... In this ballad [Lucy and Colin], he seems to have surpassed himself. It is, perhaps, the best in our language.—Goldsmith, Beauties of English Poetry (1767).

Lucyl´ius (B.C. 148-103), the father of Roman satire.

Lud, son of Heli, who succeeded his father as king of Britain. “Lud rebuilt the walls of Trinovantum, and surrounded the city with innumerable towers ... for which reason it was called Kaer-lud, Anglicized into Ludton, and softened into London.... When dead, his body was buried by the gate ... Parthlud, called in Saxon Ludes-gate.”—Geoffrey, British History, iii. 20 (1142).

... that mighty Lud, in whose eternal name Great London still shall live (by him rebuilded). Drayton, Polyolbion, viii. (1612).

(“Parth-lud,” in Latin Porta-Lud).

Lud (General), the leader of distressed and riotous artisans in the manufacturing districts of England, who, in 1811, endeavoured to prevent the use of power-looms.

Luddites (2 syl.), the riotous artisans who followed the leader called General Lud.

Above thirty years before this time, an imbecile named Ned Lud, living in a village in Leicestershire, being tormented by some boys, ... pursued one of them into a house, and ... broke two stocking-frames. His name was taken by those who broke power-looms.—H. Martineau.

Ludovico, chief minister of Naples. He heads a conspiracy to murder the king and seize the crown. Ludovico is the craftiest of villains, but, being caught in his own guile, he is killed.—Sheil, Evadne, or The Statue (1820).

Ludwal or Idwal, son of Roderick the Great, of North Wales. He refused to pay Edgar, king of England, the tribute which had been levied ever since the time of Æthelstan. William of Malmesbury tells us that Edgar commuted the tribute for 300 wolves’ heads yearly; the wolf-tribute was paid for three years, and then discontinued, because there were no more wolves to be found.

Lufra, Douglas’s dog, “the fleetest hound in all the North.”—Sir W. Scott, Lady of the Lake (1810).

Lu´gier, the rough, confident tutor of Oriana, etc., and chief engine whereby “the wild goose” Mirabel is entrapped into marriage with her.—Beaumont and Fletcher, The Wild-goose Chase (1652).

Luke, brother-in-law of “the city madam.” He was raised from a state of indigence into enormous wealth by a deed of gift of the estates of his brother, Sir John Frugal, a retired merchant. While dependent on his brother, Lady Frugal (“the city lady”) treated Luke with great scorn and rudeness; but, when she and her daughter became dependent on him, he cut down the superfluities of the fine lady to the measure of her original state—as daughter of Goodman Humble, farmer.—Massinger, The City Madam (1639).

Massinger’s best characters are the hypocritical “Luke” and the heroic “Marullo.”—W. Spalding.

Luke, patriarch’s nuncio, and bishop of the Druses. He terms the Druses,

Luke (Sir) or Sir Luke Limp, a tuft-hunter, a devotee to the bottle, and a hanger-on of great men for no other reason than mere snobbism. Sir Luke will “cling to Sir John till the baronet is superseded by my lord; quitting the puny peer for an earl, and sacrificing all three to a duke.”—S. Foote, The Lame Lover.

Luke’s Bird (St.), the ox.

Luke’s Iron Crown. George and Luke Dosa headed an unsuccessful revolt against the Hungarian nobles in the sixteenth century. Luke was put to death by a red-hot iron crown, in mockery of his having been proclaimed king.

This was not an unusual punishment for those who sought regal honors in the Middle Ages. Thus, when Tancred usurped the crown of Sicily, Kaiser Heinrich VI. of Germany, set him on a red-hot iron throne, and crowned him with a red-hot iron crown (twelfth century).

⁂ The “iron crown of Lombardy” must not be mistaken for an iron crown of punishment. The former is one of the nails used in the Crucifixion, beaten out into a thin rim of iron, magnificently set in gold, and adorned with jewels. Charlemagne and Napoleon I. were both crowned with it.

Lully (Raymond), an alchemist who searched for the philosopher’s stone by distillation, and made some useful chemical discoveries. Lully was also a magician and a philosophic dreamer. He is generally called Doctor Illuminātus (1235-1315).

He talks of Raymond Lully and the ghost of Lilly [q.v.]. W. Congreve, Love for Love, iii. (1695).

Lumbercourt (Lord), a voluptuary, greatly in debt, who consented, for a good money consideration, to give his daughter to Egerton McSycophant. Egerton, however, had no fancy for the lady, but married Constantia, the girl of his choice. His lordship was in alarm lest this contretemps should be his ruin; but Sir Pertinax told him the bargain should still remain good if Egerton’s younger brother, Sandy, were accepted by his lordship instead. To this his lordship readily agreed.

Lady Rodolpha Lumbercourt, daughter of Lord Lumbercourt, who, for a consideration, consented to marry Egerton McSycophant; but, as Egerton had no fancy for the lady, she agreed to marry Egerton’s brother, Sandy, on the same terms.

“As I ha’ nae reason to have the least affection till my Cousin Egerton, and as my intended marriage with him was entirely an act of obedience till my grandmother, provided my Cousin Sandy will be as agreeable till her ladyship as my Cousin Charles here would have been, I have nae the least objection till the change. Ay, ay, one brother is as good to Rodolpha as another.”—C. Macklin, The Man of the World, v. (1764).

Lumbey (Dr.), a stout, bluff-looking gentleman, with no shirt-collar, and a beard that had been growing since yesterday morning; for the doctor was very popular, and the neighborhood prolific.—C. Dickens, Nicholas Nickleby (1838).

Lumley (Captain), in the royal army under the duke of Montrose.—Sir. W. Scott, Old Mortality (time, Charles II.).

Lumon, a hill in Inis-Huna, near the residence of Sulmalla. Sulmalla was the daughter of Conmor (king of Inis-Huna) and his wife, Clun´-galo.—Ossian, Temora.

Where art thou, beam of light? Hunters from the mossy rock, saw you the blue-eyed fair? Are her steps on grassy Lumon, near the bed of roses? Ah me! I beheld her bow in the hall. Where art thou, beam of light?

Lumpkin (Tony), the rough, good-natured booby son of Mrs. Hardcastle, by her first husband. Tony dearly loved a practical joke, and was fond of low society, spending most of his time at the tavern, where he could air his conceit and self-importance. He is described as “an awkward booby, reared up and spoiled at his mother’s apron-string;” and “if burning the footman’s shoes, frighting the maids, and worrying the kittens, be humorous,” then Tony was indeed a humorous fellow. By his blundering he first gets everybody into difficulties and then by fresh blunders brings everything right again.—Oliver Goldsmith, She Stoops to Conquer (1773).

Lun. So John Rich called himself when he performed “harlequin.” It was John Rich who introduced pantomime (1681-1761).

Luna (Il contê di), uncle of Manri´co. He entertains a base passion for the Princess Leonōra, who is in love with Manrico; and, in order to rid himself of his rival, is about to put him to death, when Leonora promises to give herself to him if he will spare her lover. The count consents; but, while he goes to release his captive, Leonora poisons herself.—Verdi, Il Trovato´rê (an opera, 1853).

Lundin (Dr. Luke), the chamberlain at Kinross.—Sir W. Scott, The Abbot (time, Elizabeth).

Lundin (The Rev. Sir Louis), town clerk of Perth.—Sir W. Scott, Fair Maid of Perth (time, Henry IV.).

Lunsford (Sir Thomas), governor of the Tower. A man of such vindictive temper that the name was used as a terror to children.

Lupauski (Prince), father of Princess Lodois´ka (4 syl.).—J. P. Kemble, Lodoiska (a melodrama).

Lu´pin (Mrs.), hostess of the Blue Dragon. A buxom, kind-hearted woman, ever ready to help any one over a difficulty.—C. Dickens, Martin Chuzzlewit (1844).

Lu´ria, a noble Moor, single-minded, warm-hearted, faithful and most generous; employed by the Florentines to lead their army against the Pisans (fifteenth century). Luria was entirely successful; but the Florentines, to lessen their obligation to the conqueror, hunted up every item of scandal they could find against him: and, while he was winning their battles, he was informed that he was to be brought to trial to answer these floating censures. Luria was so disgusted at this that he took poison to relieve the state, by his death, of a debt of gratitude which the republic felt too heavy to be borne.—Robert Browning, Luria.

Lu´siad, the adventures of the Lusians (Portuguese), under Vasquez da Gama, in their discovery of India. Bacchus was the guardian power of the Mohammedans, and Venus or Divine Love of the Lusians. The fleet first sailed to Mozambique, then to Quil´oa, then to Melinda (in Africa), where the adventurers were hospitably received and provided with a pilot to conduct them to India. In the Indian Ocean, Bacchus tried to destroy the fleet; but the “silver star of Divine Love” calmed the sea, and Gama arrived at India in safety. Having accomplished his object, he returned to Lisbon.—Camoens, The LusiadLusiad, in ten books (1572).

⁂ Vasquez da Gama sailed thrice to India: (1) in 1497, with four vessels. This expedition lasted two years and two months. (2) In 1502, with twenty ships. In this expedition he was attacked by Zamorin, king of Calicut, whom he defeated, and returned to Lisbon the year following. (3) When John III. appointed him viceroy of India. He established his government at Cochin, where he died in 1525. The story of The Lusiad is the first of these expeditions.

Lusignan [d’Outremer], king of Jerusalem, taken captive by the Saracens, and confined in a dungeon for twenty years. When 80 years old, he was set free by Osman, the sultan of the East, but died within a few days.—A. Hill, Zara (adapted from Voltaire’s tragedy).

Lusita´nia, the ancient name of Portugal; so called from Lusus, the companion of Bacchus in his travels. This LususLusus colonized the country, and called it “Lusitania,” and the colonists “Lusians.”—Pliny, Historia Naturalis, iii. 1.

Luther (The Danish), Hans Tausen. There is a stone in Viborg called “Tausensminde,” with this inscription: “Upon this stone, in 1528, Hans Tausen first preached Luther’s doctrine in Viborg.”

Lutin, the gypsy page of Lord Dalgarno.—Sir W. Scott, Fortunes of Nigel (time, James I.).

Lux Mundi, Johann Wessel; also called Magister Contradictionum, for his opposition to the Scholastic philosophy. He was the predecessor of Luther (1419-1489).

Luz, a bone which the Jews affirm remains uncorrupted till the last day, when it will form the nucleus of the new body. This bone Mahomet called Al Ajb, or the rump bone.

Eben Ezra and Manasseh ben Israil say this bone is in the rump.

Lyæus (“spleen-melter”), one of the names of Bacchus.

Lyb´ius (Sir), a very young knight who undertook to rescue the lady of Sinadone. After overcoming sundry knights, giants, and enchanters, he entered the palace, when the whole edifice fell to pieces, and a horrible serpent coiled about his neck and kissed him. The spell being broken, the serpent turned into the lady of Sinadone, who became Sir Lybius’s bride.—Libeaux (a romance).

Lyca´on, king of Arcadia, instituted human sacrifices and was metamorphosed into a wolf. Some say all his sons were also changed into wolves, except one named Nictimus. Oh that

Lychor´ida, nurse of Mari´na, who was born at sea. Marina was the daughter of Pericles, prince of Tyre, and his wife, Thais´a.—Shakespeare, Pericles, Prince of Tyre (1608).

Lyc´idas, the name under which Milton celebrates the untimely death of Edward King, fellow of Christ’s College, Cambridge. Edward King was drowned in the passage from Chester to Ireland, August 10, 1637. He was the son of Sir John King, secretary for Ireland.

⁂ Lycĭdas is the name of a shepherd in Virgil’s Eclogue, iii.

Lycome´des (4 syl.), king of Scyros, to whose court Achillês was sent, disguised as a maiden, by his mother Thetis, who was anxious to prevent his going to the Trojan war.

Lydia, daughter of the king of Lydia, was sought in marriage by Alcestês, a Thracian knight. His suit being rejected, he repaired to the king of Armenia, who gave him an army, with which he beseiged Lydia. He was persuaded to raise the siege, and the lady tested the sincerity of his love by a series of tasks, all of which he accomplished. Lastly, she set him to put to death his allies, and, being powerless, mocked him. Alcestês pined and died, and Lydia was doomed to endless torment in hell.—Ariosto, Orlando Furioso, xvii. (1516).

Lydia, lady’s-maid to Widow Green. She was the sister of Trueworth, ran away from home to avoid a hateful marriage, took service for the nonce, and ultimately married Waller. She was “a miracle of virtue, as well as beauty,” warm-hearted, and wholly without artifice.—S. Knowles, The Love-Chase (1837).

Lydia Blood. (See The Lady of the Aroostook.)

Lydia Languish, niece and ward of Mrs. Malaprop. She had a fortune of £30,000, but, if she married without her aunt’s consent, forfeited the larger part thereof. She was a great novel reader and was courted by two rival lovers—Bob Acres and Captain Absolute, whom she knew only as ensign Beverley. Her aunt insisted that she should throw over the ensign and marry the son of Sir Anthony Absolute, and great was her joy to find that the man of her own choice was that of her aunt—nomine mutato. Bob Acres resigned all claim on the lady to his rival.—Sheridan, The Rivals (1775).

Lydian Poet (The), Alcman of Lydia (fl. B.C. 670).

Lyddy Russell. The last New England witch of whom we have authentic record. She followed a schooner out to sea and raised a terrible storm, she riding the highest waves, shrieking with laughter. The captain, Ezra Coffin, saw her, and charging his gun with a silver bullet, shot her dead. The storm subsided at once and old Lyddy was washed ashore, clutching a bit of sail cloth, and with the silver bullet in her breast.—Clara Florida Guernsey, Old and New (1873).

Lygo´nes, father of Spaco´nia.—Beaumont and Fletcher, A King or no King (1611).

Lying Traveller (The), Sir John Mandeville (1300-1372).

Lying Valet (The), Timothy Sharp, the lying valet of Charles Gayless. He is the Mercury between his master and Melissa, to whom Gayless is about to be married. The object of his lying is to make his master, who has not a sixpence in the world, pass for a man of fortune.—D. Garrick, The Lying Valet (1741).

Lyle (Annot), daughter of Sir Duncan Campbell, the knight of Ardenvohr. She was brought up by the M’Aulays, and was beloved by Allan M’Aulay; but she married the earl of Menteith.—Sir W. Scott, Legend of Montrose (time, Charles I.)

Lyn´ceus, one of the Argonauts; so sharp-sighted that he could discern objects at a distance of 130 miles. Varro says he could “see through rocks and trees;” and Pliny, that he could see “the infernal regions through the earth.”

Lynch (Governor), was a great name in Galway, Ireland. It is said that he hanged his only son out of the window of his own house (1526). The very window from which the boy was hung is carefully preserved, and still pointed out to travellers.—Annals of Galway.

Lynch Law, law administered by a self-constituted judge. Webster says James Lynch, a farmer of Piedmont, in Virginia, was selected by his neighbors (in 1688) to try offences on the frontier summarily, because there were no law courts within seven miles of them.

Lynchno´bians, lantern-sellers, that is, booksellers and publishers. Rabelais says they inhabit a little hamlet near Lantern-land.—Rabelais, Pantag´ruel, v. 33 (1545).

Lyndon (Barry), an Irish sharper, whose adventures are told by Thackeray. The story is full of spirit, variety, and humor, reminding one of Gil Blas. It first came out in Fraser’s Magazine.

Lynette, sister of Lady Lyonors of Castle Perilous. She goes to King Arthur, and prays him to send Sir Lancelot to deliver her sister from certain knights. The king assigns the quest to Beaumains (the nickname given by Sir Kay to Gareth), who had served for a twelvemonth in Arthur’s kitchen. Lynette is exceedingly indignant, and treats her champion with the utmost contumely; but, after each victory, softens towards him, and at length marries him.—Tennyson, Idylls of the King (“Gareth and Lynette”).

⁂ This version of the tale differs from that of the History of Prince Arthur (Sir T. Malory, 1470) in many respects. (See Linet.)

Lyon (Esther), clergyman’s daughter, won to sympathy with the radicalism she had despised, by the young revolutionist, Felix Holt, whose wife she becomes.—George Elliot, Felix Holt.

Lyonors, daughter of Earl Sanam. She came to pay homage to King Arthur, and by him became the mother of Sir Borre (1 syl.), one of the knights of the Round Table.—Sir T. Malory, History of Prince Arthur, i. 15 (1470).

⁂ Lionês, daughter of Sir Persaunt, and sister of Linet, of Castle Perilous, married Sir Gareth. Tennyson calls this Lady “Lyonors,” and makes Gareth marry her sister, who, we are told in the History, was married to Sir Gaheris (Gareth’s brother).

Lyonors, the lady of Castle Perilous, where she was held captive by several knights called Morning Star or Phosphŏrus, Noonday Sun or Merid´ies, Evening Star or Hesperus, and Night or Nox. Her sister, Lynette, went to King Arthur, to crave that Sir Lancelot might be sent to deliver Lyonors from her oppressor. The king gave the quest to Gareth, who was knighted, and accompanied Lynette, who used him very scornfully at first; but at every victory which he gained she abated somewhat of her contempt; and married him after he had succeeded in delivering Lyonors. The lot of Lyonors is not told. (See Liones.)—Tennyson, Idylls of the King (“Gareth and Lynette”).

⁂ According to the collection of tales edited by Sir T. Malory, the Lady Lyonors was quite another person. She was daughter of Earl Sanam, and mother of Sir Borre by King Arthur (pt. i. 15). It was Lionês who was the sister of Linet, and whose father was Sir Persaunt, of Castle Perilous (pt. i. 153). The History says that Lionês married Gareth, and Linet married his brother, Sir Gaheris. (See Gareth.)

Lyrists (Prince of), Franz Schubert (1797-1828).

Lysander, a young Athenian, in love with Hermia, daughter of Egēus (3 syl.). Egēus had promised her in marriage to Demētrius, and insisted that she should either marry him or suffer death “according to the Athenian law.” In this dilemma, Hermia fled from Athens with Lysander. Demetrius went in pursuit, and was followed by Helena, who doted on him. All four fell asleep, and “dreamed a dream” about the faries. When Demetrius awoke he becomehe become more reasonable, for seeing that Hermia disliked him and Helena loved him sincerely, he consented to forego the former and wed the latter. Egeus, being informed thereof, now readily agreed to give his daughter to Lysander, and all went merry as a marriage bell.—Shakespeare, Midsummer Night’s Dream (1592).

Lysim´achus, governor of Medali´nê, who married Mari´na, the daughter of Per´iclês, prince of Tyre, and his wife, Thais´a.—Shakespeare, Pericles, Prince of Tyre (1608).

Lysimachus, the artist, a citizen.—Sir W. Scott, Count Robert of Paris (time, Rufus).

Lyttel Boy (The). A troublesome baby that always clung to his busy mother although she bade him “runne and play.”