INDEX.

• Α.
• Ἄγνος, Vitex agnus castus, a tree like a willow, the branches of which the matrons strewed on their beds at the Thesmophoria, 266.
• Ἀδριανικαὶ ἀλεκτορίδες, a small kind of domestic fowl, 138.
• Ἀείσκωψ, a kind of owl. Stryx aluco, Strack, 249. Brown Owl. There is also another migratory kind mentioned, 249, which does not hoot.
• Ἀέροψ, the Bœotian name of the Merops, M. apiaster, 138.
• Ἀετὸς, or αἰετὸς, Eagle, hence the Latin avis, 9, 61;
• its eggs and young, 146;
• two species, the Pygargus haliætus, and the black eagle, Aquila anataria or Falco nævius, ib.;
• several species, 201, 250;
• used in augury, 217;
• eats serpents, 231;
• food and manners, 251;
• true eagles, Falco chrysaetos, ib.;
• the eagle kills the heron, 233;
• it fights with the vulture and the swan, ib.;
• a kind of eagle in Scythia, 252.
• Ἀηδῶν, nightingale, Sylvia luscinia, its song, 95, 96;
• reproduction, 108;
• its tongue, 246;
• changes its song and colour, 276.
• Ἀθερίνη, Atherina presbyter, Spratt's Lycia, or A. vera, in modern Greek atherno, 159;
• its reproduction, 160, 234.
• Αἰγίθαλος, Parus, Tit or Titmouse, eats worms, 202;
• three species, ib.;
• lays many eggs, 246;
• an enemy to bees, 265;
• σπιξίτης, parus major, Strack. ὀρεινὸς, Parus ater, Strack, or P. caudatus. ἐλάχιστος, Parus cœruleus.
• Αἴγιθος, Bunting, Emberiza, Strack, or hedge sparrow or Parus cœruleus, dislikes the ass, builds in hedges, 232;
• hostile to the anthus and acanthis, 233;
• its food and young, 246.
• Αἰγοθήλας, goat sucker, Caprimulgus Europæus, 250.
• Αἰγοκέφαλος, Stryx otus, Strack, 39.
• Αἰγυπιὸς, the Vulture, it is hostile to the Æsalon (small hawk), 9, 23;
• and fights with the eagle, ib.
• Αἴγυπτος, Egypt, the Egyptians batch eggs in manure, 139;
• two kinds of Egyptian mice, one with stiff hair (Hierax, or Aulacodus Swinderianus), another with long hind legs (Jerboa, or Cavia), 178;
• the care of animals among the Egyptians, 231;
• a large kind of oxen in Egypt, 226;
• asp and ichneumon, 238;
• white and black ibis, 242.
• Αἰγώλιος, a night bird of prey, Stryx passerina, Strack, or S. flammea. Camus. La chouette, little owl, 201;
• kills the calaris, 232;
• its habit and mode of life, 247;
• in p. 139 this bird is called αἰτώλιος.
• Αἰετὸς, a cartilaginous fish, one of the class selache, Raia aquila, 104.
• Αἰθιοπία, Æthiopia, winged serpents in Æthiopia, probably Draco volans, 9;
• Æthiopian sheep, 165.
• Αἰθίοψ, Æthiopian, teeth, 60;
• semen, 72, 188.
• Αἴθυια, a large waterbird, Larus parasiticus, or L. Marinus, Strack, or L. argentatus, 2;
• its reproduction, 108;
• food, 203.
• Αἴλουρος, cat, Felis cattus, copulation, 103;
• its young, food, and mode of life, 177;
• kills birds, 239.
• Αἱμοῤῥοΐς, or ἀποῤῥαΐς, a kind of shell fish, perhaps Murex, 85, 86.
• Αἴξ, goat, male and female, Ibex or wild goat, Spratt's Lycia, Caper hircus, Strack, 13, 27, 28, 31, 66;
• the she goats of Œta, 70;
• the he goat in Lemnos, ib.;
• it is mentioned with the chimæra or domestic goat in 71;
• dreams, 97;
• infested with ticks, 134;
• discharges of the female, 163, 164;
• gestation, 165;
• food, drink, &c., 207;
• the wild goat, 225;
• Syrian Caper hircus Mambricus and Lycian goat, C. Angorensis, ib.;
• Egyptian, 226;
• its mode of life, 235;
• wild goats in Crete, 238;
• rumination, 278.
• Αἴξ, a water bird, probably Tantalus arquatus, Strack, Scolopax Gallinago, 208.
• Αἰσάλων, a small hawk, perhaps sparrow-hawk or merlin, Falco Æsalon, 253.
• Αἰτώλιος, see Αἰγώλιος.
• Ἀκαλήφη, Medusa, and probably also some species of Actinia, 2, 3;
• fixed and locomotive kinds, 87, 88;
• small and edible species, others large and hard, 88;
• a fleshy kind, 195;
• a large kind, its food, mouth, and anus, 198.
• Ἀκανθίας, a kind of shark, Squalus Acanthias, Strack, 256.
• Ἀκανθὶς, thistle finch or gold finch, Fringilla carduelis, or Fringilla cannabina, Strack, or F. spinus, brown linnet, 202;
• hates the ass, lives on worms, 233;
• a foe to the anthus and ægithus, 234;
• its food, colour, song, 247.
• Ἀκανθυλλὶς, Parus pendulinus, or caudatus, Strack, 202;
• its nest, 245.
• Ἄκαρι, mite, Dermestes fatidicus, or perhaps Bostrichus, Strack, 135.
• Ἀκρὶς, locust, Tetigonia, Strack. Acridium, 89, 95;
• its birth, 123;
• reproduction, 132;
• changes its skin, 216;
• it is said to contend with serpents, 238;
• the Spex lacerticida corresponds with this description, Schneider.
• Ἀκύλος, the acorn of the evergreen oak, used for fattening pigs, 206.
• Ἀλεκτορὶς, the domestic hen, Phasianus gallus, different kinds, 111, 138;
• sometimes produces soft eggs, 139;
• chickens, 140, 141;
• barren eggs, and times of laying, ib.;
• growth of the chick in the egg, 142;
• twin eggs, 144;
• the hen sometimes takes the form of the cock, 215;
• rolls in the dust, 277.
• Ἀλεκτρυὼν, domestic fowl, male, also used of the class, 5;
• his comb, 36;
• crop, 45;
• appendages to intestines, ib.;
• crowing, 96;
• manner of coition, 102;
• appearances like ova when cut open, 139;
• testicles, 148;
• habits in temples, 241;
• sometimes they assume the form and habits of hens, 275;
• method of castration, 277.
• Ἁλιαίετος, sea-eagle, different from the osprey, perhaps Aquila albicilla or Falco haliœtus, 203, 251, 253.
• Ἀλκυὼν, Alcedo, kingfisher, or perhaps Turdus arundinaceus, reproduction, 107, 108;
• two species described, 203;
• materials and form of its nest, 246.
• It is doubtful whether either of the species is our kingfisher. Schneider.
• Ἁλοσάχη, probably a species of Zoophyte Alcyonia, 246.
• Ἀλώπηξ, fox, Canis vulpes, 6, 29;
• it breeds with the Laconian dogs, 227;
• attacks the heron, 233;
• is friendly with the crow, ib.;
• a troglodyte, ib.
• Ἀλώπηξ, Vampire, Vespertilio caninus, Strack, V. dinops or Sciurus volans, 9;
• reproduction, 177;
• it hunts mice, 178.
• Ἀλώπηξ, a cartilaginous fish, reproduction, 149;
• represents a class, 151;
• Egyptian species, 226;
• stratagems, 255.
• Ἀμία, a kind of tunny, mackerel, Scomber, Strack, 4, 40, 91;
• its rapid growth, 160, 199, 200;
• lives in bays, 211;
• and enters rivers, 218;
• its teeth and mode of defence, 255.
• Ἀμυγδαλή, Amygdala communis, almond tree, 268;
• almonds, 242.
• Ἀνθίας, a migratory sea fish, also called αὐλωπίας, Scomber ala longa, 159;
• gregarious, 234;
• also called sacred, 255.
• Ἄνθος, yellow bunting, Emberiza citrinella, Strack, Motacilla barula, 202;
• feeds in meadows, imitates the neighing of the horse, 233;
• hostile to the acanthis and ægithus, ib.;
• it lives by the side of rivers, 244.
• Ἀνθρήνη, wild bee, Apis terrestris, or Vespa crabro, 88;
• the larvæ, 124;
• reproduction, 130;
• a diligent insect, 258;
• makes honey, 260;
• its manners and habits, 270.
• Ἄπιος, the pear tree, 126.
• Ἀπλυσίας, a dark-coloured sponge, 119.
• Ἀποῤῥαΐς, various reading for αἱμοῤῥοΐς, Murex, or Natica.
• Ἄπους, swift, Hirundo apus, 4;
• also called κύψελλος, 271.
• Ἀράχνης, spider, 5, 85, 135;
• its web, reproduction, 123, 131, 132;
• is driven away by its young, 131;
• it sucks its prey, 213;
• is eaten by the lizard, 232;
• four kinds, 258, 259.
• Ψύλλα, Salticus scenicus—The smaller kind Dolomedes mirabilis—the larger Lycosa ruricola, another Dolomedes fimbriatus.
• Ἄρκτος, bear, Ursus Arctus, 25, 27, 29, 42;
• coition, 102;
• at this time it becomes fierce, 161;
• period of gestation, imperfect young, 175;
• mode of drinking, 205;
• hybernation, 215;
• eats the arum, ib.;
• the females courageous, 230;
• its habits, 237.
• Ἄρκτος, a crustacean, perhaps Cancer spinosissimus, Strack, Scyllaris arctus, reproduction, 121;
• its food and manner of seizing it, 205.
• Ἅρπη, a bird of prey, falcon, lives near the sea, and attacks the gull and brenthus, 232;
• the piphinx and ictinus are friendly to it, 234;
• its mode of life, attacks the eyes of its prey, 247.
• Ἀρχάνος, a fish, see Ἀχάρνας.
• Ἀσκαλαβώτης, lizard, Lacerta Gecko, Stellio veterum, 160;
• it lives in holes, 213;
• changes its skin, 216;
• its bite poisonous in some parts of Italy, 227;
• it eats spiders, 232;
• it can walk in an inverted position, 242.
• Ἀσκάλαφος, probably some kind of owl, Stryx ulula, 45.
• Ἀσκαλώπας, Scolopax gallinago, snipe, Strack, (Schneider disapproves of this identification), S. phæopus, 249.
• See σκολόπαξ.
• Ἀσκαρίδες, ascaris, intestinal worm, 124.
• Ἀσκαρὶς, the larva of the empis (gnat), 125.
• Ἀσπάλαξ, mole, Talpa vulgaris, lives in holes, 5;
• its eyes, 13, 90;
• there are many in Bœotia, none in Lebadia, 225.
• Ἀσπὶς, Coluber aspis, asp, from which a poison is made in Lybia, 227;
• in Egypt it is attacked by the ichneumon, 238.
• Ἀστακὸς, lobster, Cancer Gammarus, and Astacus, 138;
• compared with the spiny lobster, 77, 78, 79;
• a small fresh-water species, Astacus fluviatilis, crayfish, 86;
• its reproduction, 106, 121;
• changes its shell, 217.
• Ἀσταφὶς, a raisin used for feeding cattle, 206.
• Ἀστερίας, a cartilaginous fish, 109, 151.
• Squalus asterias.
• Ἀστερίας, a hawk, 109, 151, 253.
• Ἀστερίας, Ardea stellaris, bittern, 233.
• Ἀστὴρ, star-fish, Uraster rubens, 118.
• Ἀσφόδελος, a plant, asphodel, A. ramosus, 260.
• Ἀτρακτυλλὶς, a plant of the thistle tribe, Carthamus creticus.
• Ἀτταγὴν, grouse, Tetrao bonasia, or T. attagen, 249;
• it lives on the ground, 276.
• Ἀττέλαβος, a kind of locust, Gryllus, 123;
• reproduction and death, 133.
• Αὐλωπίας, the same as ἀνθίας, 159.
• Αὐξὶς, the young tunny, 160.
• Ἀφάκη, plant, a kind of vetch, 208.
• Ἄφρος, fish spawn, 157.
• Ἀφύη, anchovy or sardine, Melanurus juvenculus, 157,
• its origin, ib.;
• other kinds, ib.;
• in modern Greek ἀφροψαρο.
• Ἀχαΐνης ἔλαφος, a variety of large stag with a strong mane, Strack; a brocket, or two-year old stag, from his single-pointed horns, Liddell and Scott, 39, 237.
• Ἀχάρνας, a sea fish, Anarrhicas rufus, 200;
• does not bear heat, 218.
• Ἀχέτας, the male grasshopper, Cicada Orni, 89.
• Ἀχρὰς, a kind of wild pear, Pyrus communis, 206, 268.
• Β
• Βάλαγρος, a fresh-water fish, Cobitis barbus, 98.
• Βάλανος, Balanus, Cirripede, acorn shell, 94, 117.
• Βάλανος, acorn, 221.
• Βάλλερος, a fresh-water fish, Cyprinus blicca, 156, 219;
• βάλερος, βαλῖνος, βαρῖνος, are various readings.
• Βασιλεὺς, also called trochilus, and presbys, lives in holes, 244;
• has a bright crest, 202;
• probably Regulus Cristatus, golden-crested wren, or Sylvia troglodytes.
• Βατὶς, a bird that frequents bushes, Sylvia rubicola, eats worms, 202;
• mentioned with finch and sparrow.
• Βατὶς, a fish, the prickly roach, Liddell and Scott, 149, 152.
• Βάτος, ray, Raia batos, not the skate, which is perhaps leiobatos, 8, 37;
• its manner of coition, 104;
• it does not receive its young into itself, 150, 151;
• it lives in holes, 214;
• its manner of taking its prey, 255.
• Βάτραχος, frog, Rana esculenta and R. temporaria, 3, 39, 87;
• croaks, 96;
• the female larger than the male, 100;
• coition, 103;
• tadpole, 154;
• its united spawn, 155;
• spoken of as a class, 196;
• no croaking frogs in Cyrene, 225;
• marsh frogs are foes to bees, 261.
• Βάτραχος, a cartilaginous fish, Lophius piscatorius and L. barbatus, 8, 37, 38, 40;
• among the selache, 104;
• oviparous, 148, 150;
• it produces many young, 159.
• Βελόνη, fish, Syngnathus acus, 40;
• its reproduction, 109, 154, 160;
• gregarious, 234;
• the Halcyon builds its nest with the bones of this fish.
• Βολίταινα, cephalopod, Eledone moschites, Leach, 76;
• also called ὄζολις; it does not exist in the Euripus, 256.
• Βομβύκια, Apis cementaria, or also Megachile muraria, and Bombus terrestris, forms an angular cell of mud, 131.
• Βομβυλιὸς, larva of silk worm, 124;
• the humble bee, 260, 271.
• Βόμβυξ, silkworm.
• Βόνασσος, Antelope bonassus, or Bos Urus, Bison, 26, 28;
• its country, form, habits, hunting, 273.
• Βοσκὰς, Anas boscas, or A. Crecca, 203.
• Βόστρυχος, insect, Lampyris noctiluca, Strack, 125.
• Βουβαλὶς, Antilope Gnou, 58.
• Βοῦς, Bos taurus, Ox, 5, 27, 28, 29, 30, 41, 62;
• milk, 69;
• dreams, 97;
• lowing of the bull, 100, 112;
• coition, 103;
• tormented with lice, 135;
• sexual desires, 161, 162;
• discharges and urine of the cow, 163;
• reproductive powers of bull, 168;
• the castrated animal is taught to lead the herd, ib.;
• teeth, milk, and habits, ib.;
• veins in the embryo, 190;
• mode of drinking, 205;
• care of the ox, 206;
• red cattle of Epirus, 207;
• diseases, 219, 222;
• the ox drinks pure water, 224;
• Egyptian oxen, 226;
• habits, 236;
• wild oxen, B. Bubalus, 26;
• one species of ox has a bone in its heart, 39;
• oxen in Phrygia which can move their horns, 61;
• small oxen in Phasis, 71;
• oxen in Epirus, ib.;
• in Tortona, 72;
• the cow brings forth at a year old, 113;
• Syrian oxen, 226;
• castration of the young, 278;
• rumination, ib.
• Βοῦς, a cartilaginous fish, Raia cornuta, 104, 152.
• Βρένθος, a sea-bird, Anas tadorna, hostile to the larus and harpa, 232;
• makes its nest in hills and woody places, 244.
• Βρύας, a large owl, Stryx bubo, 201.
• Βρύον, algæ, both fresh-water and marine, 155, 200, 220.
• Βρύσσος, an echinite, Scutella, 102.
• Βωμολόχος, Corvus monedula, 248
• Βὼξ, a gregarious fish, Sparus boops, 234;
• contracted from Βόαξ, from the sound it makes.
• Γ
• Γαλας, a kind of smooth shell-fish, mya pictorum, 82.
• Γαλεὸς, a cartilaginous fish, Squalus galeus and charachias, Strack, or Gadus lota, 8, 44, 49, 108, 149, 151;
• uterus and ova, 150;
• receives its young into itself, ib.;
• not found in the Pyrrhæan Euripus, 256.
• Γαλεώδη, fish of the shark kind, 37, 40, 41;
• placed under the selache, 104, 149;
• the males have appendages, 104;
• the uterus, 149;
• galei and galeodes, 151.
• Γαλῆ, weasel, martin, polecat, Mustela Faro, M. Erminea, M. vulgaris, 20;
• the wild kind hunts mice, 178;
• hostile to the crow, 232;
• it attacks serpents, 233;
• in Poroselene, 225;
• it fights with serpents, especially with those called myotheræ, 238;
• its form compared with the ictis, 239;
• eats birds' eggs, 232;
• mode of attacking its prey, 238.
• Γέρανος, crane, Ardea grus, 2, 4, 64;
• coition, 102;
• migrations of the male bird, 209;
• they migrate after the quails, ib.;
• the fable of the stone they are said to carry, 210;
• gregarious, ib.;
• migrations, leaders, prudence, 243;
• they fight with each other, the number of their eggs, 245.
• Γίννος, the offspring of a mule with a mare or she ass, 11;
• see ἵννος.
• Γλανὶς, a fresh-water fish, Silurus glanis, Strack, 9, 38, 40, 219;
• conjoined spawn, 155:
• two species, the greater and the smaller, the male watches the spawn, ib.;
• size of the ova, 156;
• diseases, 219;
• unfit to eat when in spawn, the female better than the male, 229;
• the male watches the young, breaks the hook with its teeth, 256.
• Γλάνος, Hyæna striata, 204.
• Γλαῦκος, a fish of a grey colour, Gobius Gozo, Strack, 44;
• marine, 211;
• it lives in holes during the summer, 214;
• when good for food, 228.
• Γλαυκώδεις, birds of the owl kind, 36.
• Γλαῦξ, owl, 39, 45;
• has crooked claws, 201;
• how it may be taken, 210;
• lives in holes, 215;
• hostile to the crow and orchilus, 232;
• is pecked by smaller birds, used in hawking, ib.;
• the time for taking the owl, 252.
• Γλωττὶς, a bird, Rallus crex, Strack, Scolopax glottis, see κύγχραμος and ὀρτυγόμητρα its tongue and migrations, 210.
• Γνάφαλος, probably some Indian bird, its form and food, Ampelis garrulus, 246.
• Γνήσιοι ἀετοὶ, true eagles, Aquila Chrysaetos, 251.
• Γόγγρος, conger, Muræna conger, 8, 37, 38, 40, 41, 61;
• its ova and fat, 160;
• it is destroyed by the spiny lobster, but destroys the polypus, 198;
• its food, 199;
• black and white kinds, 211;
• lives in holes, 213;
• it is attacked by the muræna, 235;
• compared with the sea serpent, 255.
• Γραῦς, a crustacean, Dromia lanosa, 217.
• Γυπαίετος, or ὑπαίετος, Vultur barbatus, see ὀρειπέλαργος, 251.
• Γυρῖνος, tadpole, 154.
• Γύψ, vulture, Vultur cinereus, or V. fulvus, eggs and nest, 145, 243;
• its food, two kinds of vulture, 201.
• Δ
• Δάσκιλλος, a fish, sciæna umbra, 199.
• Δασύπους, hare, Lepus timidus, and L. cuniculus, 5, 29, 49, 58, 64, 71;
• coition, 102;
• superfetation, 108;
• reproduction, 176, 186;
• in Ithaca, 225;
• smaller in Egypt, 226;
• another species near Lake Bolba, 41.
• Δελφὶς, dolphin, Delphinus delphis, 7, 13, 29, 37, 40, 46, 47, 59, 69, 91, 92, 93, 95;
• its sleep, 98;
• the fish called φθείρα follows the dolphin, 135;
• reproduction, 104, 152;
• it breathes air, 196;
• food, 200;
• throws itself on its back to take its prey, ib.;
• dolphin in the Pontus, 212;
• gentle habits, 274;
• its speed, it sometimes throws itself on the shore, 275.
• Δίκταμνον, plant, dittany, 238;
• origanum Dictammum, Lin.
• Δορκὰς, Antelope dorcas, 26.
• Δράκων, a sea fish, Trachinus draco, lives near the shore, 211.
• Δράκων, a species of serpent in fresh water, attacks the glanis, 219;
• is hostile to the eagle, 231;
• sucks the juice of the herb picris, 238.
• Δρεπανὶς, perhaps the sand Martin, Hirundo riparia, 4.
• Δρομάδες, migratory fish, perhaps some species of tunny, 4, 155.
• Δρυοκολάπτης, woodpecker, 202;
• three kinds, Picus varius, P. viridis, P. martius, 242;
• habits, ib.
• Ε
• Ἐγκρασίχολος, the parent of the Apua, Clupea encrasicolus, Strack, 157.
• Ἔγχελυς, eel, Muræna anguilla, 8, 37, 40, 41, 61, 66, 93;
• is neither male nor female, 99;
• the so-called male and female are different species, 97;
• migrates to the sea to spawn, 156;
• its origin, 158;
• description and habits, 200, 201;
• those called female are better for food, 229.
• Ἐλαίας ἄνθος, the flower of the olive, 127, 133, 216, 242.
• Ἔλαφος, stag, Cervus Elaphus, 5, 26, 27, 28;
• those called Achaïnæ, 39, 237;
• blood, 58, 67;
• horns, 60, 236, 237;
• the female, 100;
• coition, 103, 174;
• voice, 112;
• habits, 236, 237;
• the castrated animal, 278;
• rumination, ib.
• Ἐλέα, Emberiza arundinacea, or Turdus arundinaceus, Strack, or E. schœnilus, 246.
• Ἐλεγῖνος, a migratory fish, 234.
• Ἐλεδώνη, Eledone cirhosa, Leach, (Owen, in Cyclopædia of Anatomy), 76.
• Ἐλειὸς, dormouse, Myoxus Avellanarius; or perhaps squirrel, Sciurus vulgaris, lives in holes in trees, 216.
• Ἔλειοι, a kind of hawk, 253; probably an incorrect reading.
• Ἐλεὸς, an owl, Stryx Aluco, Strack, see Ἀείσκοψ, 201.
• Ἐλέφας, Elephas Indicus, 5, 13, 14, 24, 26, 28, 29, 40, 43, 46, 61, 72;
• voice, 96;
• reproduction, 103, 115, 161, 173;
• food, 207;
• life and diseases, 222, 224;
• strength, 234;
• capture, ib.;
• habits, docility, 274.
• Ἔλλοψ, a fish with four simple branchia, sword fish or sturgeon, Liddell and Scott, Centriscus scolopax, Strack, Accipenser stellatus, 37;
• ἔλοψ, 40.
• Ἕλμινς, worms, especially intestinal worms, tænia and lumbricus, some exist in sponges, 119;
• origin, 123;
• three kinds, flat worms, round worms, ascarides, 124;
• worms in snow, Podura nivalis, 126;
• some insect larvæ are described as worms, 135;
• small worms in eels, 158;
• worms in dogs, Tænia sevrata, 238.
• Ἐμπὶς, gnat, larger than κώνωψ, Tabanus, or Phryganea, Strack, 3, 9, 206.
• Εμὺς, Testudo coriacea, fresh-water tortoise, Emys lutraria, 39;
• reproduction, 136;
• habits, 194, 216.
• Ἔντελις or ἔτελις, probably sea bream, Sparus, Strack, Sparus Rayi, 153.
• Ἔντερα γῆς, the decomposing matter in which eels have their origin, 158.
• Ἔντομα, insects, as a class, 3, 10, 73, 123.
• Ἐνυδρίς, otter, Lutra vulgaris, 2;
• its food, 205.
• Ἐπιλαΐς or ὑπολαΐς, Sylvia curruca, Strack, or perhaps hedge sparrow, 202.
• Ἔποψ, hoopoe, Upupa Epops, 1;
• its nest, 138;
• lives in woods and mountains, 244;
• changes its colour, 246, 276.
• Ἐρέβινθος, a plant, leguminous seeds, Ervum sativum, 221.
• Ἐρίθακη, bee bread, 267.
• Ἐρίθακος, Sylvia erithacus, or S. Phœnicurus, Strack, Redstart, 202;
• in its summer plumage called Phœnicurus, 276.
• Ἐρινεὸς, wild fig tree, 136.
• Ἕρπυλλος, Thymus serpyllum, wild thyme, 261.
• Ἐρυθρῖνος, a red kind of mullet, Perea marina, Sparus Erythrymus, Strack, Perea scriba, all have roes, there are no males, 99, 153, 211.
• Ἐρωδιὸς, heron, Ardea major, 203;
• a foe to the woodpecker, 212;
• three kinds, ὁ πέλλος, the black, Ardea cinerea, ὁ λευκος, the white, A. egretta, ὁ ἀστεριας, A. stellaris, 233, 247;
• a friend of the crow, 323.
• Εὐλαὶ, maggots in flesh.
• Ἐφήμερον, ephemera, insect, 10, 126.
• Ἐχενηΐς, probably Goby or Blenny, Forbes in Spratt's Lycia, not the Remora, which was unknown to the ancients. Echeneis remora, Strack, 38.
• Ἔχιδνα, viper, Coluber vivipara, C. verus, 10;
• hides under stones, 213.
• Ἐχινομήτρα, Echinus Esculentus, Forbes in Spratt's Lycia, 86.
• Ἐχῖνος, sea urchin, Echinus lividus; another species, with hard spines, is Cidaris hystrix, also a long species, Amphidetus Mediterraneus, Forbes, 10, 11;
• eatable kinds, 86;
• small species, E. saxatilis; white species at Torone, E. decadactylus, ib., 87, 94;
• at what season they are full of ova, 110.
• Ἐχῖνος, hedgehog, Erinaceus Europæus, 10, 46, 61, 81;
• coition, 102;
• changes the entrance of its hole when the wind changes, 239.
• Ἔχις, a serpent, Coluber vivipara, Vipera Reedii, viviparous, 49;
• reproduction, 137;
• how captured, 204;
• changes its skin, 216;
• becomes more poisonous by eating scorpions, 227.
• Ἑψητὸς, a small fish, Atherina Hepsetus, Strack, 156.
• Ζ
• Ζύγαινα, a shark, Squalus Zygæna, Strack, 40.
• Ζυγνὶς, a lizard, see χαλκὶς, 223.
• Ζωδάρια, several small animals, 135.
• 1. Tinea pellionella.
• 2. T. sarcitella.
• 3. Psorus pulsatorius.
• 4. T. graminella.
• Ζῶον, several unnamed animals.
• 1. A small crustacean in shell fish, perhaps Pinnotheres, 86.
• 2. marine creatures like small pieces of wood, Veretillum, 89.
• 3. marine creatures like shields, Alcyonium, 89.
• 4. marine creatures like αἰδοῖον ἀνδρὸς, Pennatula, 89.
• 5. winged creatures produced from maggots in pulse, Bruchus, 126.
• Η
• Ἡμίονος, mule, offspring of horse and wild ass, the female larger and more long lived, 99, 170;
• the so-called mules of Syria, Equus hemionus, 11, 172, 177.
• Ἥπατος, a fish so called from its colour, Theutis hepatus, Strack, Stromatos fiatola, 44.
• Ἠπίολος, moth, Tinea mellonella, 225.
• Ἡρακλεοτικὸς καρκίνος, Heracleotic crab, has a long tail, 77, 81.
• Θ
• Θαλλὸς, a shoot of a plant, especially the olive, 208.
• Θηρία, animals larger than flies in fire, 126;
• animals which destroy honey-combs, 225;
• an animal like a moth, ib.
• Θὶς, black shore weed, fucus, 211.
• Θραυπὶς, a small bird like a goldfinch, Fringilla Carduelis, or F. Cannabina, 202.
• Θρίσσα, a fish with prickly scales, 256.
• Θρίψ, timber worm, 207.
• Θύμον, thyme, Thymus vulgaris, 266.
• Θυννὶς, the female tunny, 108, 109;
• aged, 160;
• food, 200;
• migration, 211;
• gregarious, 234.
• Θύννος, tunny fish, Scomber Thynnus, 4, 38;
• sleeps, 98;
• swims in shoals, 108;
• male and female, ib.;
• reproduction, 109, 135;
• life, 149;
• they appear to be a year older than the pelamys, 160;
• food, 199;
• migrates after the scombri, 209;
• when best for food, 211;
• migrations, 212;
• how concealed, 214;
• delights in warmth, 219;
• old fish unfit for salting, their weight, 228.
• Θὼς, jackal or ounce, Felis onza, or perhaps Canis aureus, Strack, 42;
• habits, 177;
• hates the lion, 234;
• carnivorous, ib.;
• several kinds, 272.
• Ι
• Ἴβις, Tantalus Ibis, Strack, two species, white, Tantalus sacer, and black, T. falcinellus, 249.
• Ἱέραξ, hawk, 9, 39, 40;
• incubation, 146;
• like the cuckoo, 146, 147;
• the young good to eat, 147;
• a kind which builds in rocks, ib.;
• three species, 201;
• enumeration of species, 253;
• the Egyptian hawk, 226;
• its nest, 243;
• does not eat the heart of birds, ib.
• Ἱέρας or ἱέρος, a kind of serpent, 228.
• Ἰκτῖνος, kite, Falco milvius, 39, 40;
• incubation, 146;
• food, 201;
• drink, 203;
• migration, 215;
• a foe to the raven, 232.
• Ἴκτις, weasel or ferret, Mustela furo, 29;
• habits, 239.
• Ἰλλὰς, a kind of thrush, gregarious, Turdus iliaceus, Strack, 248;
• this identification is very doubtful, Schneider.
• Ἰξόβορος, a kind of thrush, Turdus viscivorus, Strack, 248.
• Ἰξὸς, miseltoe, 248.
• Ἵννος, hinnus, the offspring of a horse and she ass, 163.
• Ἰουλὶς, a red fish, Labrus Iulis, Strack, 234.
• Ἴουλος, Iulus, scolopendra, centipede, 73.
• Ἱππάρδιον, giraffe, Giraffa cameleopardalis, 26.
• Ἱππέλαφος, perhaps the Nilghau, Antilope picta, 26.
• Ἱππεὺς, a crustacean, Ocyopode cursor, 77.
• Ἱππομύρμηξ, a large kind of ant, Formica Herculanea, 225.
• Ἵππος, horse, Equus Caballus, 13, 26, 27, 29, 39, 62, 66, 69, 70;
• dreams, 97;
• neighing, 112;
• reproduction, age, life, 113, 161, 169;
• food and drink, 205, 207;
• small horses in the country of the Pygmies, 209;
• diseases, 219, 222, 223;
• story of a Scythian horse, 274.
• Ἵππος ὁ ποτάμιος, river horse, Hippopotamus amphibius, 32, 196;
• in Egypt, 32.
• Ἵππουρος, fish, Coryphæna hippurus, 109;
• hides in holes, 213.
• Ἰτέα, willow, 155.
• Ἴϋγξ, wryneck, Jynx torquilla, 35.
• Ἰχνεύμων, Ichneumon, Viverra Ichneumon, 177;
• attacks the asp in Egypt, 238.
• Ἰχνεύμων, Ichneumon (insect) Sphex, hunts spiders, 124, 232.
• Κ
• Κάλαμος, reed, Acorus calamus, and perhaps also some of the larger grasses, 122, 155;
• its flower, 127;
• used to support vine, 133, 155, 216;
• flourishes in rainy weather, 217.
• Κάλαρις or κόλαρις, a bird preyed on by the little owl. Motacilla alba L., Schneider, 232.
• Fringilla petronia.
• Καλίδρις, Tringa, Sandpiper, Scolopax calidris, 203.
• Καλλιώνυμος, fish, Uranoscopus, Strack, U. Scaber, 40;
• lives near the shore.
• Καλλύντρον, a shrub from the flowers of which the bees are said to procure their young, 127;
• perhaps Cerinthe, L., Strack, honeysuckle.
• Κάμηλος, Camel, Camelus Bactrianus and C. Dromedarius, 25, 27, 29, 30, 70;
• reproduction, 103, 114, 161, 173;
• endurance of thirst, 207;
• life, ib.;
• diseases, 222;
• purity, 274;
• castration of females, 278.
• Κάμπη, caterpillar, 124.
• Κανθαρὶς, several kinds of beetles, 88;
• a kind of fly, 106;
• origin, 126.
• Κάνθαρος, beetle, Scarabæus pilularius, Schneider, Cantharis lytta, 9;
• origin, 125;
• changes its skin, 216.
• Κάνθαρος, a sea-fish, lives near the shore, Sparus Cantharus, 211.
• Κάπρος, boar, 29;
• coition, age, 112, 114;
• castration, 277.
• Κάπρος, a fish said to make a grunting noise. Cottus cataphractus, or Squalus centrina, 37;
• in the Achelous, 95.
• Καραβοειδῆ, crustaceans, 79, 85, 228.
• Κάραβος, insect, stag-beetle, Cerambyx. Strack, 89, 125.
• Κάραβος, Palinurus vulgaris, Spiny lobster, 7, 9, 10;
• as a class, 73, 77;
• male and female, 78;
• described, 79, 80, 84, 93;
• sleep, 97;
• reproduction, 120;
• where produced, 121;
• change their shell, ib.;
• kills other fish, is killed by the polypus, 198;
• habitation, pursuit, 129;
• hides itself and changes its shell, 217.
• Καρίδιον πιννοφύλαξ, a small crustacean, Pinnotheres veterum, Bell's Crustaceans, 117.
• Καρὶς, shrimp or prawn, Crangon, Palæmon, 77;
• different kinds, ib.;
• reproduction, 106, 121;
• changes its colour in winter, 228.
• Καρκίνιον, hermit crab, Pagurus Bernhardi, L., Bell, and probably other species, 85;
• in Strombi and Neritæ, ib., 118;
• also a species in Pinnæ distinguished from καρίδιον, 117.
• Καρκίνος, crab, of various species. Cancer, Carcinus, &c., 4, 10, 73, 77;
• several species, 77;
• fluviatile, Telphura fluviatilis, ib.;
• number of feet, ib.;
• short-tailed ib.;
• description, 80, 81, 85;
• reproduction, 106;
• white crabs in various shells, 117;
• change of shell, 121;
• rock crabs, 198;
• black crabs, hard shelled crabs, 217.
• Κάστωρ, beaver, Castor Fiber, 205.
• Καυλίον, some kind of sea-weed, 200.
• Καταῤῥάκτης, diver, Pelecanus bassanus, L., Schneider, 45;
• mode of taking its prey, 244.
• Κεγχρὶς, Falco tinnunculus, Schneider, 45;
• lays many eggs, 138;
• red eggs, 139;
• mode of drinking, 203.
• Κελεὸς, large green woodpecker, Picus viridis, 202, 232, 233.
• Κέφρος, petrel, Procellaria pelagica, 203, 253.
• Κέρθιος, creeper, Certhia familiaris, 247.
• Κερκὶς, Populus tremula, osier, 205.
• Κεστραῖοι, mullets as a class, 109, 159.
• Κεστρεὺς, mullet. Mugil. In the lake Silpha, 37, 44, 92;
• it sleeps, 98;
• capture, 87;
• birth, 108;
• enumeration of species, 109, 153, 157;
• enters rivers to spawn, 156, 159;
• food, 199, 228;
• habits, 200;
• near the shore, 211;
• associates with the labrax, 235;
• the swiftest of fishes, 256;
• in season in the autumn, ib.
• Κέφαλος, grey mullet. Spratt's Lycia, Mugil cephalus, 109, 153;
• reproduction, 159;
• food, 199;
• injured by cold, 218.
• Κήβος, monkey, Simia mora or diona, Strack, 32.
• S. Cynologus.
• Κηρὶς, κυρὶς, or κιῤῥὶς, a sea-fish, 228.
• Κήρυλος, a sea-bird, mentioned with the Halcyon, 203.
• Tringa variabilis.
• Κήρυξ, whelk, Buccinum, its mecon, 80, 81, 82, 85;
• appears in the early spring, 110;
• nidulary capsules, 115, 116;
• the small whelk, 118;
• hides itself, 213.
• Κῆτος, whale, as a class, 10, 39;
• whales, 69;
• other whales, 152.
• Κητώδη, Cetacea, 7, 13, 104, 196;
• turn on their back to seize their prey, 200.
• Κηφὴν, drone, 260.
• Κίγκλος, probably Tringa Cinclus, Linn. Dunlin, 244.
• Cinclus aquaticus.
• Κίθαρος, a kind of turbot, Trigla lyra, 44.
• Κιννάμωμον, a spice, cinnamon, 245.
• Κιννάμωμον ὄρνεον, cinnamon bird, 245;
• Herodotus, Book 3, c. 111.
• Κίρκος, perhaps Falco nisus, Liddell and Scott, 232, 253.
• Falco pygargus.
• Κισσὸς, Ivy. Hedera Helix, 130.
• Κίττα or Κίσσα, Jay, Corvus glandarius, captured by the Ægolius and Eleus, 201;
• changes its note, 245;
• its nest, ib.
• Κίχλη, Turdus labrus and T. merula, nest, 138;
• hides, 215;
• changes its colour in winter, 276;
• three kinds, 244.
• Κίχλη, a sea-fish, 37;
• near the land, 211;
• in pairs, 213;
• changes its colour, 228.
• Κλῆρος, also called πυραύστης, an insect injurious to beehives, Galeria cerella and G. mellonella, 226, 266.
• Κνίδη, sea-nettle, probably an actinia, 118, 255.
• Κνιπολόγος, a species of woodpecker, Picus varius, or minor, 202.
• Κνὶψ or σκνὶψ, an insect, Formica flava, Strack, finds honey by the sense of smell, 93;
• eaten by the woodpecker, 93, 202, 242.
• Κόγχη, a bivalve shell, Mya pictorum, 82;
• several species, ib.;
• a kind of crustacean is found in them, 85;
• origin, 117, 118;
• large smooth shell in rivers, 243.
• Κογκύλιον, a small bivalve shell, 198, 199.
• Κοῖτος or κόττος, a fresh-water fish. Trout, Salmo Fario, Strack, 92.
• Κοκκάλιον, Helix, land snail, 81.
• Κόκκυξ, cuckoo, Cuculus Canorus, 93, 138;
• habits, form, and eggs, 146;
• eatable, 147;
• lays in the nests of other birds, 249;
• changes its note when about to migrate, 276.
• Κολεὸς, also ἐλεὸς, and κελεὸς, woodpecker, 233.
• Κολίας, a kind of tunny, Scomber colias, in the Propontis, 211;
• when taken, 212;
• gregarious, 234.
• Κολιὸς, Corvus monedula or Picus viridis, 36;
• in p. 242 colœus should probably be colius.
• Κολλυρίων, Ampelis garrula, L. Schneider. Lanius garrula or excubitor, 248.
• Κολοιὸς, Pelecanus graculus, four species, 248.
• Κολοκύντη, cucumber, Cucumis Sativus, 124, 208.
• Κολυμβὶς, a sea-bird, diver, Colymbis, 3, 203.
• Κόνις, knits, 134.
• Κόνηξα, plant, Inula Conyza, or I. pulicaria, flea bane, 93.
• Κορακίας, probably the Cornish Chough Pyrrocorax Graculus, 248.
• Κορακῖνος, sturgeon, Accipenser huso, Strack, Sparus Chromis, 109, 159, 160, 213, 218, 228, 234.
• Κορακοειδῶν γένος, the crow tribe, 5.
• Κόραξ, raven and rook, Corvus Corax and frugilegus, 40, 45, 64;
• eggs, incubation, young, 146;
• Egyptian raven, 226;
• hostile to the hawk, 232;
• pecks the ass and bull, ib.;
• friend of the fox, 233;
• frequent in towns, 248;
• nest and habits, 250.
• Κόραξ, a water-bird, Pelecanus Carbo, Strack, 203.
• Κορδύλη or σκορδύλη, the young tunny fish, 160.
• Κορδύλος, water-newt, Triton aquaticus, 3, 9, 197.
• Siren Proteus.
• Κόρις, cimex, bug, C. lectularius, 134.
• Κορυδαλὸς, lark, Alauda arvensis cristata, 277.
• Κορυδὸς, lark, Alauda cristata, A. arborea, A. arvensis, (though Schneider thinks this identification doubtful), its nest, 146, 249;
• hybernates, 215;
• hostile to the pœcilis, 232;
• is said to eat the eggs of the eagle, 233;
• friendly to the schœnilus, 234;
• perches on the ground, 242, 245;
• two kinds, 249.
• Κορώνη, Corvus corone, 45;
• feeds its young after they are fledged, 146;
• incubation, 147;
• lives near the sea, 203;
• Egyptian, 226;
• foe to the owl, presbys, and typanus, 232;
• friend of the heron, 234;
• always to be seen, 248.
• Κότινος, the wild olive tree, Eleagnus angustifolia, used as food for sheep (accidentally omitted in the translation), 208.
• Κόττος, see κοῖτος. Cottus Gobio, 92.
• Κόττυφος, blackbird, Turdus merula, Strack, but apparently not always, Turdus merula, and T. saxatilis, hybernate, 215;
• changes its colour, 228;
• nest, 245;
• two kinds, black and white, 247;
• changes its plumage and voice in the winter, 276.
• Κόττυφος, a sea-bird, 110, 214.
• Κόττυφος, a fish, 228.
• Labrus Merula.
• Κόχλιας, snail, Helix, several kinds, 73, 81;
• land-snails, 83;
• when full of ova, 110;
• die when the shell is taken off, 136;
• form an operculum when they hybernate, 213;
• eaten by swine and partridges, 255.
• Κόχλος, Fresh-water univalve shells, Limnæa, Planorbis, 81, 83, 84, 86.
• Κραγγὼν, prawn, Cancer digitalis (Squilla mantis), Strack, Penæus sulcatus, 77.
• Κράμβη, cabbage or colewort, Brassica, 124, 126.
• Κραμβὶς, caterpillars of the cabbage butterfly, Papilio Danais Brassicæ, 125.
• Κράστις, green fodder for horses, 207.
• Κρὲξ, Trigna pugnax, hostile to the celeus, 233;
• its habits, 247.
• Κριθή, barley, 206.
• Κριὸς, Ovis aries, ram, breeding season, 114, 161, 199.
• Κροκόδειλος, the Land crocodile, Lacerta stellio, Monitor terrestris, 25, 34;
• both kinds mentioned, 43, 46;
• reproduction, 137;
• brought up in Egypt, 231;
• Herodotus, Book 4, c. 192.
• Κροκόδειλος, the Egyptian crocodile. Crocodilus Niloticus, 2, 14;
• in Egypt, 33, 59;
• reproduction, 137;
• hybernates, 72.
• Κρότων, Ricinus, tick, or dog-louse, Hippobosca ovina, 135;
• Acarus ricinus, 125.
• Κτεὶς, Pecten, 82, 84.
• A large kind, which has one valve flat, Pecten maximus, 84, 94, 95;
• origin, 117;
• small crustaceans in them, ib.;
• hybernate, 213;
• red pectens, 220;
• leap, 256.
• Κύαμοι, beans, Vicia faba, 72, 206.
• Κύανος, Turdus Cyaneus, blue thrush, 248.
• Κύγχραμος or κύχραμος, Corncrake, Rallus Crex, Strack, probably a species of ortolan, Lindell and Scott. Leads the flight of the quails, 210.
• Κύκνος, swan, Cycnus olor, 4, 45;[231]
• food, 203;
• gregarious, 211;
• fights with the eagle, 233;
• habits, 244;
• when dying they go towards the sea, ib.
• Κύλλαρος or σκύλλαρος, hermit crab, Pagurus, 85.
• Κύμινδις, the Ionic name of the χαλκὶς, Stryx Nisoria, 244, 251.
• Κυνακάνθη, perhaps the dog-rose, worms in it, 126.
• Rosa canina.
• Κυνοκέφαλος, dog-headed ape, Simia Cynocephalus, 32.
• S. Porcaria.
• Κυνοῤῥαϊστής, dog-ticks, Ricinus canis, 135.
• Κυπρῖνος, carp, Cyprinus Carpio, 38;
• inhabits rivers, 91;
• production and growth of young, 155, 156;
• star-struck, 219.
• Κύτισος, a shrub, Cytisus, Medicago arborea, 71.
• Κυφὴ, a kind of shrimp or prawn, 77.
• Palæmon Squilla or Crangon vulgaris, also Pagurus.
• Κύψελλος, a kind of swallow, Martin? Hirundo urbica, makes its nest of mud in rocks and caverns, 250.
• Κύων, dog, Canis familiaris, 6, 26, 27, 29, 30, 31, 32, 42, 58;
• large dog of Epirus, 71;
• dreams, 97;
• reproduction, barking, &c., 103, 107, 112, 113, 114, 161, 163;
• Laconian dogs, their habits, 166, 167;
• when dogs eat grass, 204, 238;
• diseases, 222;
• Egyptian dogs, 226;
• Cyrenian dogs, half-bred, with wolves, Laconian with foxes, Indian with tigers, 227;
• the Molossian shepherd dog, 230;
• intestinal worms in dogs, 238.
• Κύων, a cartilaginous fish, Squalus carcharias, Strack, S. galeus, 104, 151.
• Κωβιός, gudgeon, Gobio, 44;
• ova, 153, 155;
• poor ones cast on shore, 157;
• food, 200;
• live near the land, 211;
• fatten in rivers, 218;
• gregarious, 197;
• in winter does not leave the Pyrrhic Euripus, 256.
• Κωλώτης, an animal inhabiting the stables of the ass, a lizard according to some, Scaliger thinks a beetle, 232, Mus minutus.
• Κώνωψ, a species of gnat, smaller than the empis, Conops calcitrans, Strack, Culex pipiens or C. calcitrans, 89, 94;
• springs from a worm in vinegar, Mosillus cellarius, 126.
• Λ
• Λάβραξ, perhaps Perca Labrax, Basse, 8, 92;
• sleeps, 98;
• reproduction, 108, 109, 153, 159;
• food, 199, 200;
• has a stone in its head, 218;
• unfit to eat when in spawn, 228;
• at times associated with cestreus, 244.
• Λαγωὸς, hare, Lepus timidus, the Egyptian, 226.
• Λαεδὸς, the name of a bird living in rocks and mountains, perhaps it should be λαΐος, 234.
• Λαΐος, a species of thrush, Turdus torquatus, 234, 247.
• Λαμία, a species of shark, Squalus centrina, or carachias, 104, 255.
• Λαμπυρὶς or πυγολαμπὶς, glow-worm, Lampyris notiluca, see Πυγολαμπὶς.
• Λάρος, gull or cormorant, Larus canus and marinus, Sterna, 45;
• colour, 203;
• a white kind, ib.;
• hostile to the brenthus and harpa, 232.
• Λάταξ, beaver, Castor fiber, 3, 205.
• Λάχανα, potherbs, 217.
• Λειόβατος, skate, Raia Batis, 40, 151.
• Λεπὰς, limpet, Patella, 82, 84, 85, 86, 117.
• Λεπιδωτοὶ, scaly fishes, see Πλωτοὶ.
• Λευκερώδιος, white heron, Platalea leucerodia, 203.
• Λεύκη, probably the unopened flower-bud of the grape, or Populus alba, 121.
• Λεύκος, Ardea argentata, 233.
• Λέων, Lion, Felis Leo, 6, 24, 25, 26, 28;
• lioness, 29, 30, 32, 42, 59, 61, 69;
• reproduction, 102, 161, 176;
• existing in one district of Europe, 226;
• Syrian Lions, 176;
• mane and teeth, ib.;
• food, 205;
• habits, 271, 272;
• two kinds described, 272.
• Λιβανώτις, Rosmarinus officinalis, Rosemary, 183.
• Λίβυος, a bird, enemy of the woodpecker, 232.
• Λίγυες, Lygians who are said to have seven ribs, 16.
• Λιμνόστρεα, oysters, Ostrea edulis, 82, 117;
• small crustaceans in them, ib.
• Λόκαλος, a species of heron, Ciconia dubia, 45.
• Λόφουρα, animals with hairy tails, horse, ass, &c., 11, 16, 19, 30.
• Λὺγξ, Lynx, Felis Lynx, 28, 29, 102.
• Λύκιος, a kind of Jackdaw or chough, Corvus monedula, C. pyrrocorax, 248.
• Λύκος, wolf, Canis lupus, 6, 29;
• reproduction, 103, 161, 177;
• eats grass and earth, 204;
• Egyptian, 226;
• attacks the ass, bull, and fox, 232;
• near the lake Mæotis, 254.
• Λύκος, a kind of spider, Aranea tarantula, Strack, 259.
• Λύρα, a fish, Trigla Lyra, 95.
• Μ
• Μαῖα, a crustacean, Maia Squinado, 77, 81, 217.
• Μαινὶς, sprat or sardine, Sparus mœna, μαινίδια, 157, 158, 159;
• when the males are called tragi, 228;
• gregarious, 234.
• Μαλάκια, the class of cephalopod mollusks, one species which occupies a shell is probably Camarina mediterranea, Spratt's Lycia, 8, 10, 19, 73, 87;
• reproduction, 105, 110, 121, 154;
• why they imbibe water, 196;
• carnivorous, 198, 199;
• best for food when they have ova, 228.
• Μαλακοκρανεὺς, perhaps Loxia pyrrhula, Schneider, 248.
• Μαλακόστρακα, crustaceans, 10, 73, 77;
• reproduction, 106, 120;
• imbibe water, 196;
• omnivorous, 198;
• best for food when they have ova, 228.
• Μαρίνος, a sea-fish, 159, 218.
• Μαρτιχόρα, a fabulous animal, 30.
• Μελαγκόρυφος, probably blackcap, Parus ater, or Muscicarpa atricapilla, 202;
• food, eggs, nest and tongue, 246;
• in the autumn called Sycalis, 276.
• Μελαναίετος, called also lagophonos, an eagle, Aquila melanaetus, Falco fulvus, 251.
• Μελανοῦρος, a sea-fish, Sparus melanurus, 199.
• Μελεαγρὶς, Guinea fowl, Meleagris Numidica, 139.
• Μελίλωτος, plant, Melilotus officinalis, 266.
• Μέλιττα, bee, Apis mellifica, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9, 64, 88, 89, 93, 95;
• they sleep, 98;
• larva are called nymphæ, 124;
• reproduction, 127;
• drones, chiefs, also called mothers and kings, 28;
• three kinds of bees, ib.;
• life, 130;
• white bees in plants, and other kinds, ib.;
• food, 208;
• hybernate, 213;
• change their skins, 216;
• diseases, 225;
• industry, 258;
• habits, 260.
• Μεμβρὰς, an inferior kind of anchovy, Clupea sardina, 158.
• Μέροψ, bee-eater, Merops Apiaster, L. or Congener, L. 138, 245, 265.
• Μηδικὴ, a plant, medick grass, Medicago sativa, 71, 207, 268.
• Μήκων, a gregarious fish, 234.
• Μήκων, plant, poppy, 268.
• Μηλολόνθη, cockchafer, Melolonthus aurata, 9, 88, 89, 125.
• Μήρυξ, a fish like the Scarus, said to ruminate, Scarus Cretensis, 279.
• Μίλτος, vermilion, 139.
• Μίτυς, a substance used by bees to cover crevices in their hives, 261.
• Μόρμυρος, a sea-fish, Sparus mormyrus, 159.
• Μόρφνος, another name of the plangus, Falco nævius, 251.
• Μυγαλῆ, shrew mouse, Sorex araneus, 223.
• Μυῖα, house fly, Musca domestica, 9, 83, 89;
• reproduction, 106, 108, 126;
• omnivorous, 208.
• Μύξων, a sea fish, perhaps some kind of mullet, 109, 159.
• Μυοθῆραι ὄφεις, serpents that hunt mice, attacked by the weasel, 238.
• Μύραινα, sea-lamprey, Muræna helena, Strack, 8, 37, 40, 61;
• reproduction, 103, 109;
• food, 199;
• near the shore, 211;
• hybernates, 213;
• seizes the conger by the tail, 235.
• Μύρινος or Μαρίνος, a sea-fish, 218.
• Μύρμηξ, ant, Formica, 4;
• winged and wingless, 73, 93, 108;
• reproduction, 131;
• industry, 258, 260.
• Μυῤῥίνη, myrtle, Myrtus communis, 266, 268.
• Μῦς, mouse, Mus musculus. The Egyptian kind is probably Hierax, those said to walk on two feet are the Jerboa. The Pontic kind said to ruminate. Mus Citillus, Schneider, 5, 50;
• reproduction, 178;
• Persian, Egyptian, and many other kinds, ib.;
• manner of drinking, 205;
• white mice in Pontus, 216;
• Arabian mice, 226;
• Lybian, ib.;
• the Pontic mouse is said to ruminate, 278.
• Μῦς, a bivalve mollusk, perhaps Mitylus, 82.
• Μυστίκητος, a whale, Balæna mysticetus, 64.
• Balænopterus musculus or Boops.
• Μύωψ, horse-fly or gad-fly, Tabanus Cæcutiens, T. pluvialis, 9, 83, 89;
• origin, 126;
• death, 127;
• sucks blood, 208.
• Ν
• Νάρκη, torpedo, Raia Torpedo, 37, 40, 104;
• reproduction and young, 109, 150, 151;
• habits, 275.
• Ναυτίλος, cephalopod, the species adhering to its shell is probably the Nautilus Pompilius, another species Argonauta Argo, Owen in Cyclopædia of Anatomy, 76, 258.
• Νεβρίαι γαλεοὶ, dog-fish, Squalus catulus, 149.
• Νεβρὸς, fawn, 71.
• Νεβροφόνος, a name of the pygargus, 251.
• Νεκύδαλος, the larva of the silkworm, Bombyx, 124.
• Νηρίτης, different littoral trochi, Trochus, Nerita, Haliotis, 85, 86, 94, 117, 118.
• Νῆττα, duck, Anas Boschas, 45, 203.
• Νηττοφόνος or Μόρφνος, 251; a name of the plangus.
• Νισσαΐοι ἵπποι, Nisæan horses, 278.
• Νυκτερὶς, bat, Vespertilio, 4, 9, 50.
• Νυκτικόραξ, Ardea Nycticorax, Marabu, 45, 201, 210, 252.
• Ξ
• Ξιφίας, sword-fish, Xiphias gladius, 38, 40, 219.
• Ξυλοφθόρος, insects in wood, Phryganea, Tinea graminella, 136.
• Ο
• Ὄζολις, a cephalopod mollusk, the same as bolitæna, 76.
• Οἰνάνθη, the flower of the vine, 121.
• Οἰνάνθη, probably the name of some dark-coloured bird, 276.
• Οἰνὰς, a wild pigeon, Columba migratoria, Strack, C. œnas, 111, 138, 203.
• Ὄϊς, sheep, Ovis aries, 72;
• different kinds, 208.
• Οἶστρος, gad fly, Tabanus corvinus, 3, 9, 83, 89;
• origin, 125;
• a blood sucker, 208;
• the marine species probably refers to certain parasites on fish, Lernæa brachialis, Phalangium balænarum, 135, 208, 212, 219.
• Οἶστρος, a bird, perhaps Motacilla sibilatrix, or Trochilus, 202.
• Ὁλοθούριον, probably an alga Spongodium, Spratt's Lycia, Holothuria or Salpa, 4.
• Ὄνος, ass, Equus Asinus, 27, 31, 39, 68, 70;
• not infested with lice or ticks, 135;
• reproduction, 113, 163, 171;
• food and drink, 207;
• diseases, 224;
• a foe to the Ægithus, 232;
• eats thorns, 233.
• Ὄνος ὁ ἄγριος, the wild ass, 178;
• in Epirus, 71;
• the Indian ass, perhaps Rhinoceros, 28.
• Ὄνος, fish, perhaps Raia squatina, Strack, Gadus mustela, 214, 255.
• Ὄνος, woodlouse, Oniscus asellus, 135.
• Ὀρεινὸς, a species of titmouse, Parus Ater, 202.
• Ὀρειπέλαργος, Grypaetus Barbatus, Strack, 251.
• Ὀρεὺς, mule, 5, 11, 27, 31, 39;
• females and reproduction, 163, 172, 173;
• food and drink, 207.
• Ὀρίγανος, plant, Origanum, 238.
• Ὄρκυς, a large kind of tunny, Scomber ala longa, 109.
• Ὄρνις, domestic fowl, see ἀλεκτόρις and ἀλεκτρυὼν.
• Ὄροβος, tares, Orobus, Ervum ervilia, 71, 191.
• Ὀρόσπιζος, mountain finch, Fringilla montifringilla, Strack, 202.
• Ὀρσοδάκνη, an insect that eats the buds of plants, Chrysomela oleracea, 126.
• Ὀρτυγομήτρα, perhaps Land rail, Rallus Crex, 210.
• Ὄρτυξ, quail, Coturnix Vulgaris, 40, 45;
• nest, 146, 240;
• migration, 210;
• does not perch on trees, 242.
• Ὄρυξ, Nilghau, Antilope picta, or Antilope Oryx, 27.
• Ὀρφὸς, a sea fish, perhaps Scorpæna porcus, Spratt's Lycia, 109, 199, 211, 214.
• Ὀρχιλος, a bird, Charadrius minor, 232.
• Ὀστρακόδερμα, testaceous mollusca, 8, 10, 13, 73, 81;
• reproduction, 110, 115, 117;
• compared with plants, 195;
• hybernate, 213;
• best for food when they have ova, 228.
• Ὄστρεον, oyster, 3, 10, 117;
• different kinds, 73;
• origin, 117;
• have an anus, 198;
• τά ὀστρεώδη, testacea, 228.
• Ὄστρειον, the shell used by painters, 118.
• Οὖραξ, Otis houbara, 139.
• Οὖς θαλάττιον, sea ear, perhaps Haliotis, 84.
• Ὀφίδιον, a small serpent, found in the plant silphium, 227;
• a small serpent, Coluber ammodytes, or C. Æsculapii, Strack, ib.;
• an Indian serpent, whose bite is fatal, ib.
• Ὄφις, serpent, 5;
• winged serpent in Æthiopia, perhaps Draco volans, 9;
• a horned serpent in Egypt, Coluber cerastes, 28;
• water-serpents, Coluber natrix, 10, 35, 38, 43, 44, 46, 49, 60;
• marine serpents, Muræna ophis, or Ammodytes tobianus, Strack, 38, 255; there are many kinds.
• Their hissing, 96;
• the female larger, 100;
• reproduction, 103, 137;
• change their skin, 121, 216;
• omnivorous, 204;
• hybernate, 213;
• a large kind in Lybia, Boa constrictor, 226;
• the blind serpent, Anguis fragilis, 223.
• Ὄφριος, Labrus Anthia, 109.
• Π
• Πάγουρος, probably the common hermit-crab, Pagurus Bernhardi, 77.
• Πανθὴρ, panther, Felis Panthera, 177.
• Παρδάλια, 34;
• perhaps the spots on the Leopard's skin: an unknown animal, L. and S. Lex.
• Παρδαλίαγχες, a plant poisonous to the Leopard, perhaps aconite, Doronicum pardalianches, or aconitum Napellus, 238.
• Πάρδαλις, Leopard, Felis Leopardus, 5, 27, 29, 30;
• Asiatic, 226;
• the female more bold than the male, 230;
• hunts by scent, 238.
• Πάρδαλος, a bird, perhaps Sturnus Vulgaris, Starling. Tringa Squaratola, Strack, 248.
• Πάρδιον, see ἱππάρδιον, Giraffe.
• Πελαργὸς, stork, Ardea Ciconia, 203, 215;
• when wounded applies origanum to its wounds, 238;
• said to be fed by its young, 245.
• Πελειὰς, a kind of dove, distinct from περίστερα, 111;
• migratory, 210.
• Πελεκᾶν, Pelecan, Pelecanus onocrotalus, migrates from the Strymon, 209;
• gregarious, 210;
• eats shell-fish, 243.
• Πέλλος, black heron, Ardea cinerea, 233, 247.
• Πέρδιξ, partridge, Perdix cinerea, and rufa, Tetrao Perdix and Græcus, 5, 45, 47, 96;
• reproduction, 106, 139, 140, 141, 148;
• nest, incubation, habits, 138, 240, 241, 242;
• life, 145, 240;
• eats snails, 255;
• dusts itself, 277.
• Περιστερὰ, House-dove, Columba, 4, 5, 39, 45;
• differs from πελειὰς, 111;
• reproduction, ib., 138, 139, 140, 141, 144, 145;
• food, 202;
• not migratory, 210;
• habits, 239, 240;
• those used for lures are blinded, 240;
• wash and dust themselves, 277.
• Περιστοειδῆ, the class of pigeon-like birds, 111, 144, 202.
• Πέρκη, perch, Perca fluviatilis, 38, 44, 155, 214.
• Περκνόπτερος, dusky eagle, Vultur percnopterus or Gypaietos barbatus, or Falco barbatus, 251.
• Πέρκος, grey hawk, Falco subbuteo, 253.
• Πέρνης or πτερνὶς, a kind of hawk.
• Πεύκη, pine tree, 126.
• Πήγανον, rue, Ruta graveolens, 238.
• Πηλαμὶς, a tunny fish of a year old, Scomber Thynnus, 4;
• reproduction, 108;
• where found, 109;
• the tunny a year older than the pelamys, 157, 160;
• migrate to the Pontus, 211;
• gregarious, 235.
• Πηνέλοψ, a kind of duck, Anas Penelope, 203.
• Πηνίον, some species of larva, Phalænæ geometræ, 124.
• Πιθηκοειδῆ, the ape tribe, 26.
• Πίθηκος, ape, Simia Sylvanus, 32.
• Πίκρις, a bitter herb, endive, Chicorium intybus, or Helminthia Echionella, 238.
• Πίννα, the genus Pinna, 82, 117, 118, 195.
• Πιννοθήρης or πιννοτήρης, and πιννοφύλαξ, small crustaceans living in shells and sponges, Pinnotheres veterum, 117.
• Πίπος, πίπρα, πιπὼ, woodpecker, Picus viridis, major, minor, 202, 232, 248.
• Πισσόκηρος, bees' wax, 261.
• Πίφηξ or πίφιγξ, Alauda trivialis, 234.
• Πλάγγος, a species of eagle, Aquila albicilla, 251.
• Πλόμος or φλόμος, mullein, Verbascum thapsus, fatal to fish, 220.
• Πλωτοὶ, certain fish, as the cestreus and labrax, 153, 228, 256, 273;
• also of birds, 35.
• Πνεύμων, a marine animal of low organization, 118.
• Πόα Μηδικὴ and Συρία, Medicago sativa, and lupulina, 268.
• Ποικιλὶς, perhaps Fringilla Carduelis or Œnanthe, 232.
• Πολύπους, Octopus, Spratt's Lycia, Sepia octopodia, a small variegated kind, has not been determined, Owen, 9, 73, 74, 76;
• several kinds, 73, 258;
• reproduction, 105, 110, 121;
• destroys the lobster, 198;
• is destroyed by the conger, ib.;
• food, 199;
• when good for food, 228;
• ink, 75, 257;
• changes its colour, ib.;
• grows lean, ib.;
• goes upon shore, 258.
• Πορφύρα, Murex trunculus, Spratt's Lycia, and probably some other shells, 81, 83, 85, 86, 89, 94;
• time of appearance, 110, 115, 116, 117;
• several kinds, 116, 117;
• said to obtain the purple from Algæ, 155;
• carnivorous, 200;
• hybernates, 213, 220, 256.
• Πορφυρίων, a bird with a long neck, Fulica porphyrion, Strack, 45, 206.
• Πράσιον, a species of alga, perhaps Caulerpa prolifera, Spratt's Lycia, 199.
• Πρασοκουρὶς, a grub which destroys leeks, Clerus apiarius, 126.
• Πρέσβυς, the same as Trochilus, wren, 232, 244.
• Πρημάδες, a kind of tunny, 214.
• Πρίστις, perhaps the saw-fish, Squalus pristis, Strack, 152.
• Πρόβατον, sheep, Ovis aries, 27, 29;
• black lambs, 64, 66, 67;
• in Epirus, 71, 72;
• voice of the ram, 96;
• dreams, 97;
• reproduction, 112, 113, 163, 164, 165;
• sheep-ticks, 134;
• food, 208;
• acorns injurious to sheep, 222;
• diseases, 223;
• Syrian sheep, 225;
• Egyptian, 226;
• habits, 235;
• hostile to bees, 261;
• ruminate, 279.
• Πρὸξ, roe deer, Cervus Capriolus, 39, 58, 67.
• Πτελέα, elm, Ulmus campestris, 206.
• Πτερνὶς, a species of hawk, 253.
• Πτὺγξ, or πώϋξ, a water-bird, 244.
• Πύγαργος, a kind of eagle, perhaps Circus Cyaneus, hen harrier, 146, 250;
• also a water-bird, perhaps Tringa Ocrophus, L. Schneider, 203, 244.
• Πυγολαμπὶς, glow-worm, Lampyris noctiluca, 73, 125.
• Πυραλὶς, a bird, enemy of the turtle dove, 232.
• Πυραύστης, a moth, Tinea mellonella, Strack, 225.
• Πυῤῥούλας, a red bird, Loxia pyrrula, or enucleator, 202.
• Πώϋξ, a bird living in marshes, Ardea purpurea, 247.
• Ρ
• Ῥαφάνος, cabbage or radish, 124.
• Ῥητίνη, resin, 248.
• Ῥίνη, a species of shark, Squalus Squatina, Strack, 49;
• reproduction, 103, 108, 109, 150, 151;
• mode of taking its prey, 255;
• changes its colour, 257.
• Ῥινόβατης, Raia rhinobatus, a cartilaginous fish, 151.
• Ῥυάδες, fish that swim in shoals, 93, 109, 159, 211, 212.
• Σ
• Σαθέριον, a kind of otter or beaver, Lutra Luteola, Strack, 205.
• Σαλαμάνδρα, salamander, Lacerta Salamandra, 126.
• Σάλπη, the genus Scomber, Strack, Sparus Salpa, 92;
• reproduction, 108, 109, 159;
• food, 201;
• lives in bays of the sea, 211;
• is not carnivorous, 256.
• Σανδαράκη, red sulphuret of arsenic, 223;
• bee bread, 264.
• Σαπείριον, σαπήριον or σατύριον, a plant, probably an orchid, Satyrian, 205.
• Σαπερδὶς, a fresh-water fish, perhaps Accipenser hugo, 229.
• Σαργῖνος, the sardine, migratory, Tetragonus niger, 231.
• Σὰργος, Sparus sargus, Strack, a sea-fish, 108, 109, 159, 200.
• Σατύριον, Sorex moschatus, 205.
• Σαῦρα, Lizard, generic name, 5, 8, 25, 34, 35, 36, 39, 43, 44;
• reproduction, 103, 137;
• life, 204;
• hybernates, 213;
• change of skin, 216;
• Arabian lizards, 225, 252.
• Σαύρος, Salmo Saurus, marine, 234.
• Σειρῆν, a kind of wild bee or wasp, Megachile muraria, 260.
• Σελάχη, the class of cartilaginous fishes, 7, 8, 14, 37, 38, 59, 60, 66;
• description of the class, 46, 48;
• sleep, 98;
• kinds, 99, 104;
• reproduction, 103, 149, 160;
• carnivorous, 199;
• marine, 211;
• hybernate, 214;
• male and female, 257.
• Σελαχοείδεις, cartilaginous fishes, 44, 95, 104, 214.
• Σέσελις, an umbelliferous plant, Seseli tortuosum, 236.
• Σηπία, Sepia officinalis, Spratt's Lycia, cuttle-fish, 7, 9, 10, 73, 74, 75, 80, 83, 93;
• reproduction, 105, 110, 120, 123, 125, 154;
• food, 199;
• the male protects the female when wounded, 231;
• emission of the ink, 257;
• said to change its colour, ib.
• Σὴς, various kinds of moths in clothes, in beehives, in books, 135.
• Σικύη, a kind of long gourd, 246.
• Σικύος, gourd or cucumber, Cucurbita lagenaria, 206.
• Σίλφη, a stinking insect, Blatta orientalis, or Lepisma, Strack, 216.
• Σίλφιον, a plant, perhaps Assafœtida, Laserpitium, or Thapsus Silphium, 227.
• Σινόδων, or συνόδων, a carnivorous fish, Tetraodon hispidus, or mola, or Sparus dentex, Strack, T. lineatus, 199, 200, 211, 234.
• Σίττη, a kind of woodpecker, or perhaps Sitta Europœa, creeper, 233, 247.
• Σιττάκη or ψιττάκη, parrot, Psittacus erithacus.
• Σκάρος, a sea-fish, supposed by the ancients to ruminate, Scarus oretius, Spratt's Lycia, S. cretensis, Strack, 37;
• has not sharp teeth, 38, 44;
• food, 199;
• appears to ruminate, 200, 256, 278.
• Σκίαινα, a sea-fish, Sciæna nigra, Strack, S. cirrhosa, 218.
• Σκίλλη, Scilla maritima, 133.
• Σκολόπαξ, perhaps the woodcock, Scolopax rusticola, 242.
• Σκολόπενδρα, Scolopendra morsitans, Centipede, 8;
• the marine kinds Nereis or Aphrodite, A. aculeata, 38, 88, 255.
• Σκομβρίας, σκόμβρος, fish allied to the tunny, mackerel, Scomber sarda, 109, 160, 210, 212, 235.
• Σκορδύλη or κορδύλη, the young tunny, 160.
• Σκορπίος, Scorpio Europæus, 89, 131, 135, 227.
• Σκορπίος, a sea-fish, Cottus Scorpius, Strack, 44, 108, 211.
• Σκορπὶς, a sea-fish, Scorpæna porcus, 109.
• Σκορπιῶδες, a small creature in books, Phalangium Cancroides, 89, 135.
• Σκυλίον, dog-fish, Squalus Stellaris, S. canicula, 149, 151.
• Σκύλλαρος or κύλλαρος, a kind of hermit-crab, 85.
• Σκωλήκιον, a worm that eats wood, 136;
• a small intestinal worm in fish, 159;
• an insect in honey-combs, 266.
• Σκώληξ, worm, especially the earthworm, 8, 123.
• Σκὼψ, the screech-owl, Strix Scops, Strix Otus, 201, 249.
• Σμαρὶς, a poor sea-fish, Sparus smaris, 228.
• Σμύξον, see μύξων. Σμύραινα, see μύραινα. Σμύρος, see μύρος.
• Σπάρος, a sea-fish, Sparus Maina, Strack, 44.
• Σπάρτον, a shrub, broom, Genista, Stipa tenacissima, 266.
• Σπάταγος, Spatangus, sea-egg, 86.
• Σπίζα, finch, Fringilla, 35;
• eats worms, 202;
• habitation, 240.
• Σπιζίας, sparrow-hawk, Falco Nisus, 201, 253.
• Σπιζίτης, a kind of titmouse, Parus ater or major, 202.
• Σπόγγος, sponge, Spongia officinalis, 3;
• growth, 118;
• three kinds, ib.;
• very like a plant, 195;
• pores in sponges, 246.
• Σπονδύλη or σφονδύλη, probably a kind of beetle, living in the roots of plants, Carabus, 107, 223, 252.
• Σταφυλῖνος, an insect like the Sphondyle, Staphylinus murinus, 223.
• Στρόμβος, Turbinated shells, Helix, Turbo, &c., 13, 85, 86, 118.
• Στρομβώδη, univalve mollusks, 85, 86;
• on land and marine, 84;
• have an operculum, 117.
• Στρουθὸς, sparrow, Fringilla domestica, 40, 45, 64, 102;
• eats worms, 202;
• the hens are said to live longer, 240;
• compared with the Halcyon, 245;
• washes and dusts itself, 277;
• in Lybia, ostrich, Struthiocamelus, 246.
• Στρουθὸς, a flat fish, Pleuronectes passer, 40.
• Στύραξ, the gum storax, Storax officinalis, 93.
• Συκαλὶς, fig-pecker, Italian beccafico, the melancoryphus in its summer plumage, Motacilla Atricapilla, or Parus ater, Strack, Sylvia fidecula, 202, 276.
• Συκάμινον, the fruit of the mulberry tree, 221.
• Σῦκα, figs, used for feeding swine, 206, 221.
• Συκῶν κάμπαι, a caterpillar in figs, 126.
• Σύμφυτον, a plant, Symphytun officinale, comfrey, or gypsophila arundinacea, 245.
• Συναγρὶς, a fish, Sparus dentex, 37, 40.
• Συρία πόα, a plant loved by bees, 268.
• Σῦς, swine, Sus scropha, no wild swine in Libya, 225;
• the domestic pig eats snails, 255.
• Σφαῖραι θαλάττιαι, a species of zoophyte, perhaps Alcyonia, 246.
• Σφήξ, wasp, Vespa vulgaris, V. tectorum, V. crabro, generic name, 3, 4, 88, 89;
• larva, 124;
• a kind called ichneumon, Ammophila sabulosa, 127, 130;
• a diligent insect, 258;
• the annual wasp, 260;
• hostile to bees, 265, 267;
• two species, 268.
• Σφύραινα, a gregarious sea-fish, Esox sphyræna, 234.
• Σχοίνικλος or σχοινίων, a water-bird, Emberiza Schœniclus L. Schneider, 203, 234.
• Σχοινίων, Sylvia arundinacea, 234.
• Σωλὴν, Solen, Soleneuntus trigillatus, Spratt's Lycia, 82, 94, 117, 118, 195.
• Τ
• Ταινία, a long thin fish, probably Cepola tænia, Strack, 37.
• Ταινίαι πλατείαι, flat entozoa, 238.
• Ταπύνος, see τύμπανος.
• Ταῦρος, bull, Bos taurus, 48, 67, 68, 168;
• horns, 100;
• fierce in the breeding season, 161;
• bulls fight together, 163.
• Ταὼς, peacock, Pavo cristatus, 6;
• barren eggs, reproduction, 140, 148.
• Τενθρηδὼν, a kind of bee or wasp, Apis terrestris, Strack, makes honey, 260;
• reproduction, 271.
• Τερηδὼν, a caterpillar in bee-hives, 225.
• Τέτριξ, a species of grouse, Tetrac tetrix, or Otis tetrix, Strack, 138, 139.
• Τεττιγομήτρα, the edible larva of the locust or grasshopper, 134.
• Τεττιγόνιον, a small kind of grasshopper, 90, 133.
• Τέττιξ, grasshopper, Cicada orni, 90;
• several kinds, 95;
• origin, 123;
• reproduction, 133;
• Cecropis Spumarius, 134;
• changes its skin, 216;
• not found in Milesia and Cephalenia, 225.
• Τευθὶς, Loligo vulgaris, Owen, 9, 10, 74, 75;
• reproduction, 105, 123;
• food, 177;
• its ink, 257.
• Τεῦθος, Loligo media, 10, 74, 75, 123;
• perhaps incorrectly in 234 as the name of a gregarious fish.
• Τήθυα, Ascidian mollusks, Ascidia phlusa, Strack, 82, 87, 94, 117;
• fleshy nature of their body, 195.
• Τίγρις, Tiger, Felis tigris, the Indian dogs are said to be crossed with the tiger, 227.
• Τίλλων, a fresh-water fish, Cyprinus brama, 156, 220.
• Τίφαι, grass or straw used as food for swine, Secale, 221.
• Τράγος, the he-goat, voice, 96, 161, 175.
• Τράγος, the male of the fish mænis, Sparus Maina, Strack, 228.
• Τρίγλη, Red mullet, Spratt's Lycia, Mullus surculentus, Strack, 44, 108;
• suffers from parasites, 135;
• season of reproduction, 159;
• gregarious, ib., 234;
• can bury itself, 200;
• lives near the land, 211;
• in estuaries, ib.;
• not carnivorous, 256;
• in season in the autumn, 257.
• Τριόρχης, Buzzard, Buteo vulgaris, 201;
• eats toads and serpents, 232;
• the first genus of the hawks, 253.
• Τριχὰς, Fieldfare or thrush, Turdus trichias, Strack, T. pilaris, 248.
• Τριχίας or τριχὶς, a small kind of fish, or spawn, Clupea Sprattus, 108, 158, 212.
• Τροχίλος, Sylvia trochilus, Strack, also called Presbys, and Basileus, perhaps the wren, Sylvia troglodytes, S. regulus, 203, 233;
• also a bird living by the sea, charadrius Egyptiacus, 203;
• picks the teeth of the crocodile, 238;
• hates the eagle, 232.
• Τρύγγας, perhaps Tringa ochropodes, Schneider, T. vanellus, 203, 244.
• Τρυγὼν, Turtle dove, Columba turtur, the smallest of the dove tribe, 111;
• young and eggs, 138, 145, 240;
• food, 202;
• migrates, 210;
• hybernates, 215;
• an enemy to the pyrallis, but killed by the chloreus, 232;
• friendly with the cottyphus, 234;
• life, 240;
• habitation, ib.;
• perhaps Psophila crepitans, or Rallus crex, 277.
• Τρυγὼν, a sea-fish, Raia pastinaca, 8, 104, 149, 211;
• method of taking its prey, 255.
• Τρυγὼν, some oviparous quadruped, 103.
• Τύραννος, golden-crested wren, Motacilla Regulus, 202.
• Τυφλίνης, blind worm, Lacerta Apus, Schneider, 154, 223.
• Υ
• Ὕαινα, Hyæna Striata, 176;
• also called γλάνος, 204.
• Ὑβρὶς, a night bird of prey, 244.
• Ὕδρος, a water-serpent, Coluber natrix, 3, 44.
• Ὑπαίετος, a kind of eagle, also written γυπαίετος, 252.
• Ὕπερα, a kind of caterpillar, Geometra, 124.
• Ὑπολαΐς, hedge sparrow, Sylvia hortensis or curruca, 147, 202, 249.
• Ὑποτριόρχης, buzzard, 253, see τριόρχης.
• Ὕς, swine, Sus scropha, 26;
• with single hoof in Pœonia, 27, 29;
• boar, 31, 32;
• swine, 35, 42, 46, 66;
• heats, 69;
• voice, 96;
• sow, is without tusks, 100;
• reproduction, 107, 112, 114, 135, 162, 163;
• domestic swine, 164;
• μετάχοιρα, 173;
• they dig up the runs of mice, 178;
• eat roots, 206;
• how fattened, ib.;
• diseases, 221;
• swine in Mount Athos, 227;
• killed by scorpions, ib.;
• devour serpents, 233;
• gelding of sows, 278.
• Ὓς ἄγριος, the wild boar, 5, 26, 161, 174.
• Ὕστριξ, porcupine, Hystrix cristata, 138;
• compared with the bear, 175;
• hybernates, 215;
• throws out its quills, 260.
• Φ
• Φαβοτύπος, a kind of hawk, Falco palumbarius, 201.
• Φάγρος, a sea-fish, Sparus pagrus, 211, 218.
• Φαλάγγιον, a kind of spider, Phalangium, Aranea Tarantula, 100, 107, 121, 123;
• reproduction, 132;
• patient of hunger, 204;
• hostile to the ichneumon, 232;
• several kinds described, 258, 259.
• Φάλαγξ, a spider, 231.
• Φάλαινα, whale, Physeter Chacalotus, Strack, P. macrocephalus, 8, 69, 152;
• respiration, 196.
• Φαλαρὶς, coot, Fulica atra, 203.
• Φαληρικὴ ἀφύη, some kind of spawn, 158.
• Φασιανὸς, pheasant, Phasianus Colchicus, 134, 139, 277.
• Φασσοφόνος, a hawk, probably the same as φαβοτύπος, 253.
• Φάττα, a kind of pigeon, Columba palumbus, 45, 47;
• the largest of the pigeon kind, 111;
• reproduction and eggs, 138, 144, 145, 147, 202;
• migrates, 210;
• sometimes hybernates, 215;
• likes drought, 217;
• mode of drinking, 240;
• habits, ib.;
• does not coo in winter, 276.
• Φὰψ, a kind of dove, Columba livia, the male and female incubate by turns, 147, 202, 240;
• nest, 249.
• Φήνη, perhaps the osprey, Vultur ossifragus, Buffon, nurses the young of the eagle, 146;
• its food and shape, 201, 251.
• Φθείρ, louse, Pediculus capitis and P. pubis, κόνις, nit, 120, 134;
• in birds, ib.;
• in fish, Lernea, 97, 135;
• in the fish chalcis, 220.
• Φθείρα, a fish that follows the dolphin, Centronotus, 135.
• Φλέως, a water plant, Poterium spinosum, 266.
• Φοινοκούρος, redstart, Sylvia Phœnicurus, 276;
• in winter called ἐρίθακος.
• Φοξῖνος, a river fish, Cyprinus phoxinus, Strack, 153, 155.
• Φρύνη, toad, Bufo vulgaris, 39, 87;
• eaten by the buzzard, 232;
• injurious to bees, 265.
• Φρυνολόχος, a kind of hawk, perhaps the buzzard, 253.
• Φυκίον, fucus, sea-weed, 122, 125, 154, 199, 200, 255.
• Φυκὶς, a fish living on sea-weed, Gobius niger, 154;
• food, 200;
• changes its colour, and is the only fish that makes nests, 228.
• Φύκος, fucus, 154, 158, 218, 220.
• Φώκαινα, porpoise, Delphinus Phocæna, 152, 212.
• Φώκη, seal, Phoca vitulina, P. monachus, 4, 7, 14, 22, 25, 26, 30, 39, 44, 69;
• reproduction and habits, 103, 152, 153, 196;
• food, 205;
• fight together, 231.
• Φωλὶς, a fish enclosing itself in mucus, 256;
• Blennius pholis, Strack.
• Φὼρ, a kind of bee, the thief, 259.
• Χ
• Χάλαξα, Hydatids in swine, 221.
• Χαλκεὺς, a fish, Dory, Zeus Faber, Strack, 95.
• Χαλκὶς, a lizard, with a bright stripe on its back, Lacerta chalcides, 223.
• Χαλκὶς, a bird, the same as κύμινδις, Stryx flammea, Strack, 244.
• Χαλκὶς, a fish, perhaps Mugil auratus, Spratt's Lycia, Clupea picta, 108, 155, 156, 256.
• Χαλκῖτις λίθος, lime stone, 126.
• Χάννη, or χάνη, a fish with a wide mouth, Perca cabrilla, 99, 153;
• food, 199;
• marine, 211.
• Χαραδριὸς, lapwing or curlew, Charadrius œdicnemus, Schneider, 203, 243.
• Χελιδὼν, swallow, Hirundo urbica and rustica, 4, 40, 45, 64;
• reproduction and nests, 111, 138, 145, 239;
• eat animal food, 202;
• migration, 215;
• kill bees, 265.
• Χελιδὼν, flying fish, 95;
• Exocetus volitans.
• Χέδροπες, leguminous plants, 205.
• Χέλων, or χάλλων, a fish like the cestreus, 109, 159, 199.
• Χελώνη, the river tortoise, Testudo orbicularis and Europæa, 34, 39, 41, 42, 46, 65, 84, 87, 96;
• reproduction, 103, 104, 123;
• marine, Chelonia cephalo, 196;
• lives on shell-fish and sea-weed, 198;
• does not change its skin, 216, 238.
• Χήμη, a large bivalve shell, Chama, 117.
• Χὴν, goose, Anser domesticus and Anas segetum, 6, 27, 45, 47;
• gosling, 140, 141;
• incubation, 146, 147;
• different kinds, 203, 210.
• Χηναλώπηξ, an Egyptian goose, Anas tadorna, Strack, 140, 203.
• Χίμαιρα, probably the she goat, 72.
• Χλωρεὺς, perhaps the same as χλωρίων, a foe to the woodpecker, and kills the turtle dove, Falco lanarius, 232.
• Χλωρὶς, Motacilla fitis, or Loxia chloris, Strack, eats worms, 202;
• shape, eggs, nest, 245, 249.
• Χλωρίων, perhaps oriole, Oriolus galbula, Strack, attacks the blackbird, 233, 248.
• Χοιροπίθηκος, ape, Simia rostrata, S. porcaria, 34.
• Χρὲμψ, a fish joined with labrax, 92.
• Χρόμις, a sea-fish, Sciæna nigra, 92, 94, 108, 218.
• Χρυσομήτρις, a bird (thistle finch), Fringilla serinus, 202.
• Χρύσοφρυς, Sparus aurata L., 8, 44;
• sleeps, 98;
• reproduction, 109, 160;
• food, 200;
• near the shore, 211;
• in estuaries, ib.;
• hybernates, 214;
• impatient of cold, 218.
• Χύμινδις, the same as χαλκις, 244.
• Χυτοὶ, fish that swim in shoals, 109.
• Ψ
• Ψάρος, starling, Sturnus vulgaris, 215, 249.
• Ψὴν, gall insect, Cynips psenes, 136.
• Ψήττα, a flat fish, Pleuronectes lingua and Rhombus, and maxima, 99, 109, 255.
• Ψιττάκη, Parrot, Psittacus erithacus, 211.
• Ψύλλα, flea, Pulex irritans, 134;
• a kind of spider, Salticus scenicus, 259.
• Ψύλλος, parasites on fish, Talitrus locusta, 97.
• Ψυχὴ, butterfly, Papilio, 89, 102, 123.
• Ω
• Ὠτὶς, bustard, Otis tarda, 45, 102;
• incubation, 147, 252.
• Ὠτὸς, horned owl, Strix otus, 210, 252.
• Ὦχροι, a kind of pulse, useful to bees, Pisum sativum, 268.