O

• Oath of Harold, 153-157
• Odensee, 364-365
• Odo, bishop of Bayeux, 40, 64, 128, 231, 249, 250, 259, 384, 390, 415, 416, 434
• —— contributes to the fleet, 166
• —— at Hastings, 202
• —— joint regent (1067), 243, 246
• —— earl of Kent, 423, 431, 433
• —— harries Northumberland, 352, 353
• —— arrested and imprisoned, 355-358
• —— released, 372
• Odo, brother of Henry I. of France, 113, 115
• Odo II., count of Blois, 68, 77
• Oise, river, 68
• Olaf (Tryggvasson), king of Norway, 4
• Olaf (Saint), king of Norway, 8
• Olaf (Kyrre), king of Norway, 363
• Olne, river, 85, 122
• Ordericus Vitalis, 287, 336, 337, 339, 429
• Orkneys, 3, 176
• —— Paul and Erling, earls of, 176
• Osbern the Seneschal, 72, 76, 427
• Osbern, bishop of Salisbury, 401
• Ostmen of Dublin, 52
• Oswulf, earl of Northumbria, 247, 319
• Ouse (Yorkshire), river, 176, 265, 273, 279, 282
• Oxford, 60

P

• Paula of Maine, 308
• Peterborough, abbey of, 288-295
• —— abbots of, see Brand, Leofric, Therold.
• —— knight service due from, 449
• Peter’s Pence, 404
• Pevensey, 7, 54, 179, 185-187, 226, 244
• Philip I., king of France, 160, 304
• —— succeeds, 126
• —— temporary alliance with Flanders, 307
• —— grants Montreuil to Edgar the Etheling, 326
• —— supports Breton insurgents, 341
• —— supports Robert of Normandy, 347
• —— acquires Vexin, 368
• —— war of 1087, 368, 369
• Poissy, 83
• Pontefract, 278, 279
• Ponthieu, county of, 183
• —— see Enguerrand, Guy, counts of.
• Pontoise, 368
• Pope, Alexander II., 161, 402, 405
• —— Benedict X., 389
• —— Gregory VII., 162, 357, 358, 402-406
• —— Innocent II., 163
• —— Innocent III., 162
• —— Leo IX., 107
• —— Nicholas II., 107
• Porlock (Somerset), 54
• Precarium, the, 32, 33
• Private jurisdiction, 35
• —— —— after 1066, 438-443
• Private war, in Normandy, 35

R

• Raimalast, castle of, 346
• Ralf of Mantes, earl of Hereford, 49, 53
• Ralf III., count of Valois, 368
• Ralf de Wacy, 72, 78
• Ralf de Wader, earl of East Anglia, 272, 329, 330, 333-335, 341-342
• Ramsey, abbey of, 288, 294, 295
• Randolf de Brichessart, 81, 85
• Redemption of land by English, 234-236
• Reginald of Clermont, 113-115
• Remigius (Remi), bishop of Lincoln, 167, 401
• Rennes, counts of, 137
• —— county of, 138
• Rheims, General Council of, 106, 107
• Rhiwallon of Dol, 138, 139
• Rhiwallon, king of Powys, 248
• “Ricardenses,” the, 69, 101
• Riccall (Yorkshire), 176, 179
• Richard I., duke of Normandy, 28, 29, 37, 38, 39, 379
• Richard II., duke of Normandy, 29, 38, 41, 101, 379
• Richard III., duke of Normandy, 64
• Richard of Hugleville, 103
• Richard, son of Count Gilbert of Brionne, 261
• Richard, second son of William I., 260
• Richildis of Hainault, 305, 306
• Richmond, earldom of, 324
• Ripon, church of, 385
• Rippingdale (Lincolnshire), 290
• Robertian House, 25, 27, 29
• Robert, duke of Burgundy, 360
• Robert de Comines, earl of Northumbria, 267, 268, 319
• Robert, count of Eu, 100, 113, 166, 261, 276
• Robert “the Frisian,” count of Flanders, 160, 305-307, 326, 346, 363
• Robert, bishop of Hereford, 401
• Robert of Jumièges, archbishop of Canterbury, 53, 245, 385
• Robert, count of Mortain, 64, 166, 259, 260, 261, 276, 277, 414
• Robert de Mowbray, earl of Northumbria, 353
• Robert d’Oilly, 169
• Robert, count of Paris, 25
• Robert I., duke of Normandy, 34, 37, 63-72, 143, 245, 367
• Robert II. (Curthose), duke of Normandy, 130, 136, 181, 233, 260, 404
• —— joint regent of Normandy (1068), 251
• —— recognised as count of Maine, 314-316
• —— revolt of, 345-349
• —— character of, 349, 350
• —— Scotch expedition of, 350
• —— designated heir of Normandy, 371
• Robert fitz Richard, castellan of York, 265, 268, 269
• Robert, archbishop of Rouen, 70, 75
• Robert de Vieux-Pont, 314
• Robert, the son of Wymarc, 189, 190
• Roche-Mabille, foundation of, 120
• Rochester, 219
• —— church of, suit relating to, 434-436
• —— see Gundulf, bishop of.
• Roger de Beaumont, 166, 181, 251, 264, 299, 348
• Roger de Busli, 441
• Roger, earl of Hereford, 372, 408, 426
• —— revolt of, 328-335
• Roger de Montgomery, earl of Shrewsbury, 39, 120, 166, 261, 287, 314, 348, 358, 408, 425, 427-429, 433
• Roger de Toeny, 75
• Rollo, duke of Normandy, 24-27, 30
• Romney, 215, 216
• Rotrou, count of Mortagne, 346
• Rouen, 87, 351, 369
• —— priory of St. Gervase at, 369, 373
• Rudolph of Burgundy, king of West Franks, 26
• Rye, 83

S

• St. Albans, abbey of, 449
• —— schools of, 398
• St. Aubin, 103, 234
• St. Benet of Holme, abbey of, see Alfwold, abbot.
• —— knight service due from, 449
• St. Davids, visited by William I., 353
• St. James, castle of, 138
• St. Omer, 258
• St. Suzanne, siege of, 359-362, 372
• St. Valery, 166, 183, 184
• St. Wandville, 39, 68
• Saintonge, 88-90, 127
• Salisbury, 277, 285
• —— oath of, 364-366
• —— see Osmund, bishop of.
• Samson, Queen Matilda’s messenger, 347
• Sandwich, 172, 173
• Sarthe, valley of, 134, 312
• “Sawold,” sheriff of Oxford, 231
• Sees, translation of, 391, 392
• Seine, valley of, 25, 112
• Sheriffs, Norman, 422
• —— English, 423
• Shrewsbury, 276, 283
• —— earldom of, 167, 425, 427, 428
• —— see Hugh, Roger, de Montgomery, earls of.
• Sicily, volunteers from, 168
• Sigurd (Jerusalem-farer), king of Norway, 4
• Sillé, castle of, 310-313
• —— see Hugh of.
• Simon de Crepy, count of Valois and the Vexin, 368
• Siward Barn, 372
• Siward, earl of Northumbria, 49, 57, 58, 145, 318, 319
• —— House of, 325
• Sogne Fiord, 176
• Soissons, county of, 100
• Somme, estuary of, 183
• Sorel, castle of, 346
• Southwark, 51, 54, 219
• Southwell (Notts), church of, 385
• Stafford, 252, 276, 278, 285, 388
• Stamford, 191
• Stamfordbridge, battle of, 48, 177-179, 187, 189, 192
• —— saga of, 176
• Stephen, king of England, 163, 219, 249
• Stigand, archbishop of Canterbury, 55, 56, 225, 300
• —— submits at Wallingford, 153, 220
• —— accompanies William to Normandy, 244
• —— deposition of, 389
• Subinfeudation, 446-450
• Sulung, the, 469
• Sussex, devastation of, 188
• —— earldom of, 428
• —— ports of, 53
• Swegen Estrithson, king of Denmark, 160, 253, 255, 270, 271, 290, 291, 294, 334, 335
• Swegen Forkbeard, king of Denmark, 4, 15, 44, 46, 272
• Swegen, son of Cnut, 46
• Swegen, son of Earl Godwine, 49

T

• Tactics, 197, 198
• Tadcaster, 177, 191
• Tapestry, the Bayeux, 166, 201, 202
• Taw, river, 270
• Tees, river, 58, 282, 317, 320, 323
• Telham, 199
• Terouenne, 306
• Thegns, 238-240, 447, 448
• Theobald III., count of Blois, 141
• Theodoric, count of Holland, 305
• Thomas I., archbishop of York, 390
• Thorney, abbey of, 288
• Thorold, abbot of Peterborough, 289-291, 295
• Thurcytel de Neufmarché, 72
• Thurstan, abbot of Ely, 300
• Thurstan, abbot of Glastonbury, 399
• Thurstan Goz, revolt of, 78
• —— Richard, son of, 78, 97
• Tillières, 76-78, 117, 123
• Title to English crown, 149-153, 232, 233
• Tochi (Tokig), son of Outi, 169, 238
• Tokig of Wallingford, 348
• Tostig, earl of Northumbria, 9, 57-60, 109, 171-179, 319
• Tours, schools of, 41
• Trade, 53, 65, 109
• Treaty of 1054, 116, 117, 130
• Truce of God, 36, 380
• Tyne, river, 176, 350

U

• Ulfketil, abbot of Crowland, 290
• Units of assessment, 467-469, 471, 472, 474, 475
• Urse d’Abetot, 333, 423, 424

V

• Val-es-dunes, battle of, 79, 80, 84, 85, 380
• Valognes, 82, 87, 101
• Valois, House of, 368
• —— see Simon, Ralf, counts of.
• Value of manors in Domesday, 480-482
• Varaville, battle of, 37, 122, 123, 149
• Vermandois, county of, 27
• Vernon, castle of, 82, 86
• Vexin Français, 68, 129, 131, 167
• Vire, estuary of, 83
• Vulgrin, bishop of Le Mans, 167

W

• Walcher of Lorraine, 351
• —— bishop of Durham, 324
• —— earl of Northumbria, 342, 343
• —— murder of, 352, 416
• Waleran, brother of Guy, count of Ponthieu, 115
• Waleran, count of Meulan, 75
• Wales, 432
• —— expedition into, 353, 354
• Wallingford, 220
• Walter Giffard, 102, 167, 408
• Walter de Lacy, 333
• Walter of Mantes, 129, 131, 135, 368
• Walter Tirel, 170
• Waltham, minster of, 207
• Waltheof, earl of Huntingdon, 60, 231, 261, 295, 302, 345, 414
• —— submits at Barking, 234
• —— accompanies William to Normandy, 244
• —— joins Danish attack on York, 273, 274
• —— submits by the Tees, 282
• —— created earl of Northumbria, 325
• —— disaffection of (1075), 329-332
• —— condemnation and execution, 336-340
• Warwick, 264
• —— earldom of, 167
• Watling Street, 13, 420
• Wearmouth, 321
• Wedmore, treaty of, 25
• Westminster, 157, 251, 287, 364
• —— abbey of, 225, 260, 261
• —— charters relating to, 229, 230
• Wharfe, river, 176, 177
• Wight, Isle of, 54, 172, 356, 366
• Wigod of Wallingford, 169
• William, duke of Aquitaine, 119
• William, count of Arques, 70, 71, 96
• —— revolt of, 101-105
• William Busac, 96
• —— revolt of, 99, 100
• William, count of Eu, 70
• William, count of Evreux, 314
• William of Jumièges, chronicler, 65, 69, 381
• William Malet, 269, 275
• William of Malmesbury, historian, 382
• William de Montgomery, 72
• William, count of Mortain, 97-99
• William de Moulins, 314
• William I. (Longsword), duke of Normandy, 27, 28
• William II., duke of Normandy and king of England, 4, 5, 7, 9, 25, 37, 40, 48, 56;
  • birth of, 63, 64;
  • recognised as heir of Normandy, 70, 71;
  • minority of, 72-80;
  • ward of King Henry I., 73, 74;
  • in war of Tillières, 76-80;
  • suppresses revolt of 1047, 80-88;
  • besieges Brionne, 85, 86;
  • supports Henry I. against Geoffrey Martel, 90;
  • captures Domfront and Alençon, 91-95;
  • banishes William, count of Mortain, 97-99;
  • suppresses revolt of William Busac, 99, 100;
  • suppresses revolt of William of Arques, 101-105;
  • marries Matilda of Flanders, 105-110;
  • resists invasion of 1054, 110-117;
  • concludes peace with King Henry I., 116, 117;
  • founds Breteuil, 117;
  • engages in war of Ambrières, 118-120;
  • founds Roche-Mabille, 120;
  • defeats invasion of 1058, 120-123;
  • wins battle of Varaville, 122, 123;
  • receives commendation of Herbert II. of Maine, 118, 130;
  • invasion and conquest of Maine, 132-135;
  • takes possession of Le Mans, 133, 134;
  • illness of, 136, 137;
  • engages in Breton campaign of 1064, 137-139;
  • relief of Dol and siege of Dinan, 139, 140;
  • position of, at close of 1064, 140-142;
  • first visit to England, 146;
  • claim to English throne, 150-152;
  • receives oath from Harold, earl of Wessex, 153-157;
  • negotiations with foreign powers, 160;
  • submits his cause to the pope, 161-163;
  • gathers an army, 164, 165, 168;
  • and fleet, 165-168;
  • demands fulfilment of Harold’s oath, 170;
  • receives Earl Tostig, 172;
  • preparations for the invasion of England, 180, 181;
  • delayed at the Dive estuary, 182, 183;
  • at St. Valery, 183, 184;
  • voyage to England, 185;
  • lands at Pevensey, 185, 186;
  • builds castles at Pevensey and Hastings, 187, 188;
  • devastations in Sussex, 188;
  • receives a message from Harold, 189, 190;
  • battle of Hastings, 195-206;
  • generalship of, 197, 198;
  • moves out of Hastings to the English position, 199;
  • details of battle, 200-206;
  • causes Harold’s burial on the shore of Hastings, 207;
  • takes quarters at Hastings, 211;
  • march on London, 215-219;
  • burns Southwark, 219, 220;
  • crosses Thames at Wallingford, 220;
  • receives submission of English leaders, 221, 222;
  • receives offer of the crown, 222, 223;
  • dealings with “Esegar” the Staller, 224, 225;
  • coronation, 225, 226;
  • builds Tower of London, 227;
  • extent of his authority 1066–7, 230, 231;
  • at Barking, 227, 233, 234;
  • grants charter to citizens of London, 240, 241;
  • visits Normandy, 241, 243-246;
  • return, 246;
  • suppresses revolt of Exeter, 253-257;
  • progress in Cornwall, 259, 260;
  • at Westminster for Matilda’s coronation, 260;
  • northern campaign of 1068, 262-266;
  • receives submission of Malcolm III., 265, 266;
  • appoints Robert de Comines earl of Northumbria, 267;
  • second visit to York, 269;
  • in forest of Dean, 272;
  • march on Lindsey, 275, 276;
  • at Stafford, 276, 277;
  • at Nottingham, 278;
  • at Pontefract, 278, 279;
  • harrying of Northumbria, 279-281, 286, 287;
  • Christmas feast at York, 282;
  • march to the Tees and return to York, 282, 283;
  • march to Chester, 283-285;
  • agreement with Earl Asbiorn, 285;
  • campaign of Ely, 297-299;
  • relations with Robert the Frisian, 306, 307;
  • suppression of Mancel rising, 312, 313;
  • campaign of La Flèche, 313, 314;
  • concludes peace of Blanchelande, 314-317;
  • relations with Malcolm III., 317-323;
  • treaty of Abernethy, 323;
  • creation of earldom of Richmond, 324;
  • dealings with Edgar the Etheling, 325-327;
  • relations with, and condemnation of, Earl Waltheof, 336-340;
  • engages in Breton war of 1076, 341, 342;
  • last phase of reign, its character, 344, 345;
  • relations with Robert, 345, 346, 348-350;
  • campaign of Gerberoi, 347, 348;
  • movements during 1080, 351;
  • expedition into Wales, 353, 354;
  • arrest of Odo of Bayeux, 355-358;
  • death of Queen Matilda, 358, 359;
  • campaign of St. Suzanne, 359-361;
  • prepares for a Scandinavian invasion, 363, 364;
  • takes Oath of Salisbury, 364-366;
  • last departure from England, 366;
  • campaign of Mantes, 368, 369;
  • mortal injury of, 369;
  • illness of, 370-373;
  • disposition of inheritance, 371;
  • release of prisoners, 372;
  • death, 373;
  • burial, 374, 375;
  • ecclesiastical ideas of, 376-378, 381;
  • reform of English church, 388-402;
  • relations with the Curia, 402, 403;
  • administrative changes introduced by,—see under castles, Commune Concilium, Curia Regis, earldoms, fyrd, knight service, private jurisdiction, sheriffs, writs;
  • orders taking of Domesday Inquest, 457
• William II., king of England, 219, 233, 369, 371
• William fitz Osbern, earl of Hereford, 93, 117, 230, 231, 261, 269, 287, 328, 414, 425-427, 433, 492
• —— contributes to fleet, 166
• —— regent of England, 243, 246, 415
• —— death, 306
• William Peverel, 451
• William of Poitiers, biographer, 90, 381
• William, archbishop of Rouen, 403, 404
• William de Warenne, 243, 397
• Wimund, commander of Moulins, 105
• Winchelsea, 251
• Winchester, 218, 219, 254, 260, 269, 277, 282, 337, 364, 419
• Witanagemot, 17, 20
• —— nature of, 410-414
• Woodstock (Oxfordshire), 420
• Worcestershire, 333, 426
• Writs, the king’s, 168, 254, 420, 421
• —— early Anglo-Norman, 227-231
• Wulf, son of King Harold, 372
• Wulfnoth, son of Earl Godwine, 212, 372
• Wulfstan, bishop of Worcester, 230, 333, 391
• Wulfwig, bishop of Dorchester, 232
• Wyce, valley of, 354